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Recent SAE Edge™ Research Reports

Browse All 177

Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response

EPR202501711/24/2025

The wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle represents a significant advancement in aerodynamics and vehicle design, leveraging the ground effect phenomenon to enhance lift and reduce drag when flying close to the surface. This unique capability allows WIG vehicles to achieve higher payloads, longer range, and greater fuel efficiency compared to traditional aircraft, making them an attractive option for modern military and global disaster response applications. Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicles: From Modern Military and Commercial Development to Global Disaster Response discusses future disaster response, logistics, and military applications for WIG vehicles, including the ongoing development of aerospace and transportation technology. Relavant advancements in materials and propulsion systems holds promise for further enhancing WIG performance and operational range. Additionally, cost-effective and powerful flight computers with various types of mission-enabling sensor suites from the

Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles

EPR20250159/22/2025

The next generation of mobility, driven by shared, driverless, connected, and electrified vehicles, holds strong potential to advance sustainability through lower emissions and improved resource efficiency. However, critical questions remain regarding their true environmental impact, including battery lifecycle management, material consumption, and circular manufacturing practices. Sustainable Circular Future Mobility: Environmental Impact of Next-gen Vehicles explores these unresolved issues, focusing on the shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles, supply chain challenges, regulatory gaps, and the operational realities of sustainable productization. It also critically examines the risks of greenwashing, the need for consistent standards, and the role of intersectoral collaboration—with energy, urban planning, information and communications technologies, and waste management sectors—in building resilient, scalable solutions. The report provides strategic recommendations and

Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering

EPR20250169/22/2025

Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and

Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots

EPR20250128/13/2025

The automation of labor-intensive picking and planting operations is having an immediate impact in the agricultural indutry. In its simplest form, robotic automation can reduce the labor and soil disturbance while enabling organic soil cover and increasing species diversification through precision approaches to planting, weeding, and spraying. With this, pesticides and fertilizers can be applied in a more targeted way, and with machinery visiting fields more frequently, earlier and more targeted intervention can occur before pests become established. Small, Mobile, and Autonomous Agricultural Robots identifies issues that need to be resolved fo for this technology to thrive, including improving methods of acquiring and labeling training data to facilitate more accurate models for specific applications. It also discusses concepts such as general-purpose mechanical platforms for use as carriers of agricultural automation systems with high stability, positional accuracy, and variable

Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features

EPR20250138/13/2025

Advanced technologies that assist the human driver or reduce (or even eliminate) the human driver’s role are becoming increasingly prevalent in new light-duty vehicles used by the general public. These technologies are divided between Active Safety features that monitor the human driver and vehicle motion and act intermittently to mitigate and avoid crashes, and Driving Automation features that assume some or all of the dynamic driving task from the human driver. Both types of technologies have the potential to reduce injuries and save lives by reducing the frequency and/or severity of crashes. Safety Impacts of Active Safety and Driving Automation Features addresses the current capabilities and future potential for Active Safety and Driving Automation features to reduce crash frequency and severity and provides an overview of the state of the industry for both types of features, including current deployments, trends, and anticipated rollouts. Gaps in knowledge, unsettled issues, and

Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and Control for Autonomous Vehicles

EPR20250147/18/2025

Autonomous vehicle motion planning and control are vital components of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Recent advances in both data- and physical model-driven methods have improved driving performance, yet current technologies still fall short of achieving human-level driving in complex, dynamic traffic scenarios. Key challenges include developing safe, efficient, and human-like motion planning strategies that can adapt to unpredictable environments. Data-driven approaches leverage deep neural networks to learn from extensive datasets, offering promising avenues for intelligent decision-making. However, these methods face issues such as covariate shift in imitation learning and difficulties in designing robust reward functions. In contrast, conventional physical model-driven techniques use rigorous mathematical formulations to generate optimal trajectories and handle dynamic constraints. Hybrid Data- and Physical Model-Driven Safe and Intelligent Motion Planning and

Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

EPR20250115/21/2025

Driven by the vast consumer marketplace, the electronics megatrend has reshaped nearly every sector of society. The advancements in semiconductors and software, originally built to serve consumer demand, are now delivering significant value to non-consumer industries. Today, electronics are making inroads into traditionally conservative, safety-critical sectors such as automotive and aerospace. In doing so, electronics—now further propelled by artificial intelligence—are disrupting the functional safety architectures of these cyber-physical systems. Electronics have created the world of cyber-physical systems, raising broader concerns about the broader category of product assurance. Product Assurance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence continues the work of previous SAE Edge Research Reports in examining open research challenges arising from this shift, particularly in automotive systems, as core electronic technologies (e.g., the combination of software and communications) have even

Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management

EPR20250085/20/2025

The transportation industry is transforming with the integration of advanced data technologies, edge devices, and artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are pivotal in optimizing traffic flow and safety. Central to this are transportation management centers, which manage transportation systems, traffic flow, and incident responses. Leveraging Advanced Data Technologies for Smart Traffic Management explores emerging trends in transportation data, focusing on data collection, aggregation, and sharing. Effective data management, AI application, and secure data sharing are crucial for optimizing operations. Integrating edge devices with existing systems presents challenges impacting security, cost, and efficiency. Ultimately, AI in transportation offers significant opportunities to predict and manage traffic conditions. AI-driven tools analyze historical data and current conditions to forecast future events. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches and

Edge Artificial Intelligence in Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility

EPR20250095/20/2025

With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial

Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth

EPR20250054/24/2025

Recent advances are reducing the cost of space launch, high specific power solar cells, and the production of satellite systems. Modular architectures with no moving parts and distributed power systems would minimize assembly and maintenance costs. Together, this may enable space-based solar power to provide decarbonized dispatchable power at a lower cost than equivalent technologies such as nuclear power stations. Space-based Solar Power for Instantaneously Dispatchable Renewable Power on Earth discusses the advances in emerging technologies, like thin film solar cells, reusable launch vehicles, and mass-produced modular satellite systems that would make economic space power feasible. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.

Latest Journal Issues

Browse All 16

Passenger Vehicle Systems

Electrified Vehicles

Advances and Current Practices in Mobility

Sustainable Transportation, Energy, Environment, & Policy

Connected and Automated Vehicles

Transportation Cybersecurity and Privacy

Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH

Transportation Safety

Alternative Powertrains

Commercial Vehicles

Materials and Manufacturing

Engines

Fuels and Lubricants

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Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems

Recent Books

Browse All 722

Business Reliability Growth for Automotive Engineering, Volume 4

R-5522/17/2026

In a world where every business process is under pressure to perform faster, safer, and more reliably, this book delivers a powerful roadmap for sustained operational excellence. Centered on the proven methodology of Design of Experiments (DOE), it shows how organizations can move beyond reactive problem-solving to systematic reliability growth. From well-defined standard operating practices to management-level decision-making, the book connects strategy, data, and execution to create repeatable, measurable results across the enterprise. Readers are guided through practical, real-world applications of DOE, from selecting the right factors and levels to executing robust experiments, analyzing outcomes, validating solutions, and continuously monitoring performance. Each chapter translates complex statistical and engineering concepts into actionable business value, helping teams improve quality, reduce waste, and increase return on investment. Key capabilities explored in this book

January 2026 AMS Index

AMSJAN-20261/24/2026

Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels

R-5471/22/2026

As global energy demands rise and environmental challenges intensify, the aviation industry faces a critical need to redefine how it powers the skies. Fundamentals of Sustainable Aviation Fuels presents a comprehensive, research-driven exploration of the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable alternatives that promise to reshape the future of air transportation. This book bridges the gap between academic knowledge and industrial application, offering a detailed overview of the science, technology, and policy driving the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). From understanding feedstocks and conversion pathways to evaluating production technologies, emissions performance, and life-cycle impacts, the text equips readers with a holistic understanding of SAFs within today’s global energy landscape. Across five insightful chapters, readers will find a clear roadmap: the evolution and importance of SAFs; production methods and technological foundations; environmental

SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected Vehicles

R-5591/20/2026

The convergence of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle technologies is ushering in a transformative era of automotive innovation—one that is fundamentally enhancing vehicle safety, efficiency, reliability, and the overall driving experience. SAE International’s Dictionary of ADAS and Connected Vehicles stands as the definitive reference for this rapidly evolving domain, meticulously compiled to clarify and standardize the language shaping modern mobility. Inside, readers will find clear, authoritative definitions encompassing the full spectrum of technologies that enable connected and automated driving—including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. This comprehensive resource translates complex engineering terminology into accessible language, enabling engineers, researchers, policymakers, educators, and enthusiasts to share a common technical foundation. Reflecting the latest

Electrification: Vol. 3

EPRCOMPV04202512/29/2025

Automated Vehicles: Development, Testing, and Validation: Vol. 4

EPRCOMPV03202512/29/2025

Commercial Vehicles: Vol. 2

EPRCOMPV05202512/29/2025

Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 : Vol. 2

EPRCOMPV06202512/29/2025

Aerospace Developments: Vol. 7

EPRCOMPV07202512/29/2025

Safety, ADAS, and Cybersecurity: Vol. 4

EPRCOMPV01202512/29/2025

Recently Published

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Analysis of Network V2X-Based Services and Opportunities for Standardization

J3297_202602 (Current)

2/25/2026

This report analyzes the characteristics of mobile network communication and highlights the technical aspects of using mobile networks to implement V2X applications. This report provides a high-level analysis of architecture, protocols, and performance and is intended to support future implementation guidance and standardization for providing V2X services over mobile networks, also referred to as network V2X.

V2X Core Technical Committee

Human-Like Automatic Braking Algorithm Based on Kinematic Cue: Yield Behavior Analysis and Fuzzy Controller Design

10-10-03-0019

2/25/2026

Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable participants in traffic, particularly when crossing the road. Extensive research has been conducted globally on the yielding behavior analysis of vehicle–pedestrian interaction and the design of automatic vehicle braking systems to mitigate pedestrian casualties. However, few studies have comprehensively addressed lateral risks using implicit kinematic cues in pedestrian–vehicle interactions. Moreover, the design of collision avoidance systems has rarely taken into account driving behavior, along with the pedestrian’s kinematics and crossing behavior. This article presents a human-like automatic braking fuzzy control strategy for pedestrian–vehicle collision avoidance, combining the advantages of professional driver emergency braking behavior and kinematic interaction cues. First, a high-fidelity driving simulator is used to investigate the yielding behavior of pedestrian–vehicle interaction when pedestrians cross the road. Second, the

Zhang, Wenyan, Huang, Xiaorong, Sun, Shulei, Fu, Kairong, Xiong, Qing, Huang, Haibo

Coupling Assemblies, Non-Locking Probe Style, Miniature Self-Aligning, Self-Sealing Disconnects

AS5072D (Current)

2/25/2026

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the general requirements for a miniature probe type self-sealing, self-aligning, non-locking coupling intended for aerospace liquid cooling systems. The AS5072/slash sheets define the specific performance and dimensional requirements.

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Copper-Beryllium Alloy, Sheet and Strip, 98Cu - 1.9Be, Half Hard (TD02)

AMS4532J (Current)

2/25/2026

This specification covers one type of copper-beryllium alloy in the form of sheet and strip up to 0.188 inch (4.78 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.7).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Anti-Rollover Strategy for Six-Axis Semi-Trailer Based on Lateral Force Balance

02-19-04-0024

2/24/2026

To address the rollover risk of six-axle semi-trailers due to their large mass, high center of gravity, and multi-axle articulation, a lateral force balance anti-rollover strategy based on the Ackermann steering principle is proposed. By establishing the wheel angle constraint equations for the full-wheel steering system of the six-axle semi-trailer, a rigid-body dynamic model considering the articulation characteristics is developed. The key control and observation parameters are included in the wheel angles, center of gravity lateral offset, yaw angular velocity, sideslip angle, and lateral load transfer rate. An SMC-PID joint controller is designed, in which the third axle steering angle of the tractor is optimized by the SMC controller, and the trailer’s three-axle steering angle tracking control is achieved by the PID controller. The nonlinear accumulation of centrifugal force and dynamic load transfer under high-speed emergency lane change conditions is suppressed by a

Zhang, Qiyuan, Zhang, Lei, Liao, Shengkun, Sun, Jinxu, He, Jing

HOSE ASSEMBLY, POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE CRES BRAID REINFORCED, 400 °F, 5080 PSI FLARELESS, STRAIGHT TO 90° ELBOW

AS5963C (Current)

2/24/2026

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Development of BYD Flat Engine for Luxury Hybrid Vehicles

03-19-02-0007

2/24/2026

To meet the requirements of luxury hybrid vehicles regarding engine power, torque, size, and NVH performance, BYD independently developed a 2.0 T flat engine. Designs such as increased intake valve lift, widened intake valve profile, swept piston bowl, and extended exhaust backflow region optimized in-cylinder airflow, enabling the BYD flat engine to achieve a maximum power of 180 kW and a peak torque of 380 N·m. This engine is 820 mm in length, 430 mm in width, and 420 mm in height, saving approximately 45% in volume compared to a competitor engine. The lubrication challenges of the flat engine were addressed through the coordinated implementation of a dry sump system, a multifunctional oil pump, and piston ring orientation design. A novel parameterized modal analysis methodology (considering phase and amplitude) was used for optimizing NVH performance. In synergy with the sandwich-type soundproof plates and four-sided acoustic encapsulation, the noise level (1-m sound pressure level

Pan, Shiyi, Zhang, Nan, Wang, Qiang, Liu, Jun, Liu, Jing, Xu, Zhiqin, Zheng, Junli, Li , Cunshuo

COUPLING ASSEMBLY, .375 DIAMETER, NON-LOCKING PROBE STYLE, MINIATURE SELF-SEALING-ALIGNING, SELF-SEALING DISCONNECT FOR ETHYLENE/GLYCOL/WATER

AS5072/1B (Historical)

2/24/2026

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

FITTING, BUSHING, PIPE, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL THREAD

AS4861C (Current)

2/24/2026

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, EXTERNAL ELECTRIC POWER, AIRCRAFT, 270 VDC, 90 KW

AS81790/1 (Current)

2/23/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL, BACKSHELL, CABLE SEALING, STRAIGHT, SET-UP, CATEGORY 1A (FOR MIL-DTL-22992 CONNECTORS, CLASSES C, J, AND R)

AS85049/4E (Current)

2/23/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

GAGE PIN FOR SOCKET CONTACT ENGAGEMENT TEST

AS31971B (Current)

2/23/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR, PLUG, ELECTRICAL, SELF-LOCKING, COUPLING NUT, REAR RELEASE, CRIMP CONTACT, AN TYPE

AS34591D (Current)

2/23/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Prediction of Dynamic Stiffness of Automotive Components Using Support Vector Methods

2026-01-5016

2/23/2026

In the current scenario of EV revolution in the automotive industry, NVH performance of the vehicles is one of the major points of sale to the customers. Auxiliary components play one of the predominant roles in the contribution of noise to overall vehicle interior or exterior sound pressure levels, which impact customer vehicle comfort. CAE prediction of NVH performance of automotive components involves a lot of design iterative processes, large server space utilization, and time-consuming. To reduce cost and time, data-driven technologies like AI algorithms can help CAE engineers because of their high efficiency and high precision. In the current research, a wiper motor mount stiffness prediction algorithm was designed based on the historical data using CAE analysis and AI algorithms, and improved prediction accuracy by tuning the parameters of AI algorithms using grid search methodology. High prediction accuracy of wiper motor mount stiffness has been achieved with the method of

Paturi, Yuva Venkata Sekhar

Control Strategy and Dynamic Characteristics of a Hydrogen Opposed-Cylinder Free-Piston Engine Generator

2026-01-5017

2/23/2026

Free-piston engine generator (FPEG), as a novel energy conversion device, has the advantages of good fuel adaptability and high energy utilization. Combustion variation between cycles poses a significant challenge to the running control of an FPEG. A hierarchical control strategy, including motion, combustion, and generation power controllers, is designed in this paper to achieve the stable and efficient running of a hydrogen-fueled opposed-cylinder FPEG prototype. Piston motion is controlled by adjusting the generation current, which is adjusted through iterative learning using piston displacement feedback and adaptive control using piston velocity feedback. Generating power is regulated by controlling the throttle opening angle, which is adjusted through iterative learning. A multidisciplinary joint mathematical model is developed to simulate the dynamic characteristics and verify the control strategy. The simulation results reveals that the dead center position accuracy can be

Wang, Jiesheng, Liu, Liang, Xu, Zhaoping

HOSE ASSEMBLY, LINED SILICONE, 125 PSI, FLARELESS, POTABLE WATER, 90° TO 90°

AS4474D (Current)

2/23/2026

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Influence of Lubrication Oil on Hydrogen Fuel-Share Combustion in a Conventional Medium-Speed Marine Diesel Engine

2026-01-5014

2/23/2026

Carbon-free fuels present a potential solution for achieving climate-neutral operation of marine engines. However, their availability is minimal at the moment, though a steady increase can be expected in the coming years. During this transition phase, engine concepts that offer conventional diesel operation and a partial blending of alternative fuels to substitute diesel become interesting. This can be achieved, for example, by blending hydrogen in the intake air of a diesel engine, known as hydrogen fuel-share. Due to the high reactivity of hydrogen, its use in engines is limited by abnormal combustion phenomena (e.g., pre-ignition, knocking combustion), which current research on pure gas engines has shown to be strongly promoted by lube oil reactivity. Building on these fundamental investigations, this paper examines the influence of lubricating oil on the combustion characteristics of a H2 fuel-share medium-speed diesel engine and quantifies the potential to increase the hydrogen

Achenbach, Tobias, Meinert, Robert, Mahler, Kay, Kunkel, Christian, Rösler, Sebastian, Prager, Maximilian, Jaensch, Malte

HOSE ASSEMBLY, LINED SILICONE, 125 PSI, FLARELESS, POTABLE WATER, STRAIGHT MALE TO 90° FEMALE

AS4477D (Current)

2/21/2026

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Test Slabs, High Strength, Fluorosilicone (FVMQ) 55 - 65

AMS3217/7C (Current)

2/20/2026

AMS3217/7C has been declared “STABILIZED” by SAE AMS Committee AMS CE Elastomers and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability of technical requirements. Newer technology may exist.

AMS CE Elastomers Committee

Predicting of Transport Carbon Dioxide Emission of Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles Based on Driving Behavior with Machine Learning Algorithm

2026-01-5012

2/20/2026

Driving behavior is a significant factor influencing vehicle emissions, and it must be carefully considered when modeling emissions for real road transportation vehicles. This study aims to contribute to this field by improving the intelligence and accuracy of distinguishing driving behavior volatility through the use of clustering algorithm. The research begins by processing raw emissions data collected from light-duty gasoline vehicle during real-driving emissions (RDE) test, which are used as input features for the clustering algorithm. Subsequently, a driving behavior classification method based on the gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering algorithm is proposed. The results show that aggressive driving has a significantly higher CO2 emission rate compared to normal and calm driving. Specifically, the average CO2 emission rate for aggressive driving is 5.61 g/s, which is substantially higher than that of calm driving (2.40 g/s) and normal driving (2.91 g/s). Following this, the

Yu, Hao, Ma, Yi, Tan, Jianxun, Wang, Jing, Zhang, Honghao, Hu, Wei, Chen, Hao, Yu, Wenbin

Sensitivity Analysis toward Differential Braking as Backup Steering Functionality

2026-01-5013

2/20/2026

This paper presents a novel sensitivity analysis framework for differential braking as a backup steering solution in fail-operational Steer-by-Wire systems. The fault-tolerant design approach of Steer-by-Wire and steering systems for highly automated driving relies on the availability of road wheel actuators (RWA). Redundancies are therefore commonly used to ensure fail-operationality. Since its widespread implementation in production vehicles through electronic stability control, the use of differential braking as a cost-effective measure is desirable to increase functional diversity. However, feasible lateral accelerations through this backup solution are limited compared to conventional steering systems and lie close to ordinary driving scenarios. To address this limitation, this work investigates the influence of chassis parameters on differential braking performance. After defining characteristic values and a simulation test plan, a preliminary analysis using a linear single-track

Salzwedel, Leon, Iatropoulos, Jannes, Heise, Cedric, Frohn, Christian, Henze, Roman

SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Why SDV Strategy Needs Application Layer Innovation

135562/20/2026

What's really holding back software-defined vehicles (SDVs) ... and where should automakers shift their focus? Listen in as we sit down with John Wall, President of QNX, to explore how a trusted, safety-certified foundation frees OEMs to innovate faster, collaborate more effectively, and deliver differentiated vehicles. Drawing on insights from the Under the Hood: SDV Developer Report, they unpack why automakers must shift away from maintaining complex, non-differentiating software and focus instead on application-layer innovation to better define brand identity and customer experience. You'll also learn how QNX is expanding into robotics, healthcare, and industrial automation with its secure, high-performance operating system. Whether you're fascinated by autonomous cars, collaborative robots, or the future of AI in physical systems, this episode is packed with insights on innovation, safety, and the power of partnerships. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and

Patterson, Lori

Cumulative Prospect Theory Coupled with Multi-Attribute Decision-Making for Path Selection in Hazardous Materials Road Transportation

09-14-02-0002

2/20/2026

Path selection for the transport of hazardous materials (Hazmats) is a multi-facet decision problem that needs to account for multiple factors such as accident risk as well as transportation cost. Most existing literature has modeled the risk of Hazmats transportation as the product of accident loss, and its probability-based expected utility theory, however, could be problematic since such a risk definition does not necessarily reflect the real perceived risk by the decision-maker. This article proposes a novel approach to the path selection of Hazmats transportation based on the cumulative prospect theory (CPT). Specific steps in the decision of path selection are first laid out in the framework of CPT. Value (Loss) functions of accident in Hazmats transportation are then derived, together with the decision weighting function reflecting accident probabilities. For illustration, a case study is conducted using transportation data from a Hazmats transportation firm in Shanghai

Wang, Xulei, Sun, Chunwei

Experimental Investigations on Appendages of a Racing Motorcycle

2026-01-5011

2/20/2026

In this experimental work, a detailed analysis of the wind tunnel measurements on scaled motorbike models equipped with different front wings was performed considering four wing configurations operating at different Reynolds numbers and roll angles. Global forces acting on the models were measured by a high-resolution dynamometric balance, while velocity fields in the wake were measured by means of the Particle Image Velocimetry technique. Throughout the paper, overall models’ performances are investigated, demonstrating similar behavior for drag coefficients and various trends for lift coefficients. The without- and single-wing configurations were shown to have positive sign, and conversely, the double- and closed-wing cases—with negative sign—generated downforce due to the presence of significant upward velocities, which in turn modified the wake shape. Furthermore, the improvements in closed-wing configuration compared to without- and single-wing ones were noticeable, while slight

Moscato, Giorgio, Romano, Giovanni Paolo

BOSS - PLUG/PIN, EXPANSION TYPE HOLE PREPARATION

AIR3276A (Current)

2/19/2026

E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems

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