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Statistical Analysis on Wear Behavior of Aluminum Alloy2024–Silicon Carbide–Fly Ash Metal Matrix Composites2024-01-505805/06/2024
Aluminum and its alloys entered a main role in the engineering sectors because of their applicable characteristics for indispensable applications. To enhance requisite belongings for the components, the composition of variant metal/nonmetal with light metal alloys is essential in the manufacturing industries. To enhance the wear resistance with significant strength property of the aluminum alloy 2024, the reinforcement SiC and fly ash (FA) were added with the designation Al2024 + 10% SiC; Al2024 + 5% SiC + 5% FA; and Al2024 + 10% FA via stir-casting technique. The wear resistance property of the composites was tested in pin-on-disc with a dry-sliding wear test procedure. The experiment trials were designed in Box–Behnken design (BBD) by differing the wear test parameters like % of reinforcement, sliding distance (m), and load (N). The wear tests on casted samples were carried out at the constant velocity of 2 m/sec, such that the corresponding wear rate for the experiment trials wasSivakumar, N., Sireesha, S. C., Raja, S., Ravichandran, P., Sivanesh, A. R., Aravind Kumar, R.
Technical Paper
Numerical Approach for the Characterization of the Venting Process of Cylindrical Cells Under Thermal Runaway Conditions2024-01-290005/06/2024
The increasing awareness on the harmful effects on the environment of traditional Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) is driving the industry toward cleaner powertrain technologies such as battery-driven Electric Vehicles. Nonetheless, the high energy density of Li-Ion batteries can cause strong exothermic reactions under certain conditions that can lead to catastrophic results, called Thermal Runaway (TR). Hence, a strong effort is being placed on understanding this phenomena and increase battery safety. Specifically, the vented gases and their ignition can cause the propagation of this phenomenon to adjancent batteries in a pack. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are employed to predict this venting process in a LG18650 cylindrical battery. The ejection of the generated gases was considered to analyze its dispersion in the surrounding volume through a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. Initial work has focused on developing an appropiate methodology to setGil, Antonio, Micó, Carlos, Marco-Gimeno, Javier, Castro Espín, Mar
Technical Paper
Model-based Knowledge Management in HV Battery Development2024-01-290205/06/2024
In the dynamic landscape of battery development, the quest for improved energy storage and efficiency has become paramount. The contemporary energy transition, coupled with growing demands for electric vehicles, renewable energy sources, and portable electronic devices, has underscored the critical role that batteries play in our modern world. To navigate this challenging terrain and harness the full potential of battery technology, a well-defined and comprehensive data strategy resp. knowledge management strategy are indispensable. Conversely, the imminent and rapid progression of artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to have a substantial impact on the forthcoming landscape of work and the methodologies organizations employ for the management of their knowledge management (KM) procedures. Conventional KM endeavors encompass a spectrum of activities such as the creation, transmission, retention, and evaluation of an enterprise’s knowledge over the entire knowledge lifecycle. HoweverBadi, Ibtihal, Braun, Andreas, Kallis, Lena
Technical Paper
Simulation and Evaluation of Battery Aging in Electric Hybrid Storage Systems2024-01-290305/06/2024
The extension of traction batteries from electric vehicles with supercapacitors is regularly discussed as a possibility to increase the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries as well as the performance of the vehicle drive. The objective of this work was to validate these assumptions by developing a simulation model. In addition, an economic analysis is performed to qualitatively classify the simulation results. Initially, a hybrid energy storage system consisting of battery and supercapacitor was developed. A semi-active hybrid energy storage topology was selected. Subsequently, the selection of use cases as well as the application-specific definition of load cycles took place. In addition, the control strategy was further developed so that a simulation on lifetime was made possible. The end-of-life of the battery cells was defined, according to the USABC guideline values. Based on the data of the respective use case, a parameter optimization was carried out according to an empiricalMödl, Roman, Braun, Andreas, Kallis, Lena
Technical Paper
A Comparative Analysis of Thermal Runaway Propagation in Different Modular Lithium-Ion Battery Configuration2024-01-290105/06/2024
Thermal runaway is a critical safety concern in lithium-ion battery systems, emphasising the necessity to comprehend its behaviour in various modular setups. This research compares thermal runaway propagation in different modular configurations of lithium-ion batteries by analysing parameters such as cell spacing and distribution, application of phase change materials (PCMs), and implementing insulating materials. The study at the module level includes experimental validation and employs a comprehensive model considering heat transfer due to electrical performance and thermal runaway phenomena. It aims to identify the most effective modular configuration for mitigating thermal runaway risks and enhancing battery safety. The findings provide valuable insights into the design and operation of modular lithium-ion battery systems, guiding engineers and researchers in implementing best practices to improve safety and performance across various applicationsGarcia, Antonio, Monsalve-Serrano, Javier, Dreif, Amin, Guaraco-Figueira, Carlos
Technical Paper
An Optimization Framework for Minimizing the Production Cost of Lithium Ion Batteries in Electrified Vehicles2024-01-290405/06/2024
It has been recognized that the high cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is one of the major obstacles to the commercialization of electrified vehicles (EVs). There is an ongoing effort to reduce the cost of LIBs both at the cell and the pack level. Our goal in this study is to develop an optimization framework that can be used to determine best cell and pack design that would minimize pack production cost under predefined performance requirements. For this purpose, we first build a process-based cost model (PBCM) using Argonne National Laboratory's battery performance and cost model (BatPaC 5.0). PBCM allows to model the production cost of the LIB by defining all the production steps and their process assumptions for a battery manufacturing plant. We then define the optimization problem by identifying decision variables from cell-to-pack level design parameters that have the most substantial effects on the battery cost and performance. We formulate and solve the optimization problemDadashi Farkhandi, Sahar, Yuksel Bediz, Tugce
Technical Paper
Safety, ADAS, and Cybersecurity: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV15202305/03/2024
Chen, Guang, Chalmers, Seth, Zheng, Ling
Technical Paper
Vehicle Experience and Human Interaction: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV18202305/03/2024
Fang, Chen, Razdan, rahul, Beiker, Sven, Taleb-Bendiab, Amine
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: How AI is Redefining the Aerospace Industry1345205/03/2024
Simulation optimization. Generative design. Predictive algorithms. These AI-powered activities can "automate the mundane" and transform the way engineers work, for the better. As a forerunner in digitalization and automation, Siemens co-creates with customers across all industries to address highly complex challenges. By harnessing data and connecting the real and digital worlds, Siemens is using AI to increase operational efficiencies and accelerate the development of aerospace and defense applications. To learn more, we sat down with Todd Tuthill, Vice President, Aerospace & Defense Industry, Siemens, to discuss how the company is integrating AI and other advanced technologies to take the aerospace industry to the next level of efficiency--and how that will multiply the impact of engineers by freeing them to focus on what they do bestHineman, Marcie
Podcast
Automated Vehicles: Development, Testing, and Validation: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV07202305/03/2024
Razdan, Rahul, Khalighi, Yaser, Khalkhali, Mohsen, Alonso da Silva, Fabio
Technical Paper
Legal Issues and Policy: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV12202305/03/2024
Eastman, Brittany, Dukarski, Jennifer
Technical Paper
Infrastructure Enablers for Automation: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV10202305/03/2024
Coyner, Kelley, Bittner, Jason, Lambermont, Serge, De Boer, Niels
Technical Paper
Automated Vehicles: Development, Testing, and Validation: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV08202305/03/2024
Beiker, Sven, McQueen, Bob, Razdan, Rahul
Technical Paper
Infrastructure Enablers for Automation: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV09202305/03/2024
Coyner, Kelley, Bittner, Jason
Technical Paper
Commercial Vehicles: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV14202305/03/2024
Lehmann, Johannes, Moorehead, Stewart, Muelaner, Jody E.
Technical Paper
Vehicle Experience and Human Interaction: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV17202305/03/2024
Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir, Roth, Christian, Nickerson, Jeffrey, Lyytinen, Kalle, King, John Leslie
Technical Paper
Sensors: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV11202305/03/2024
Beiker, Sven, Porcel Magnusson, Cristina, Waraniak, John
Technical Paper
Lighting and Visual Information for Vulnerable Road User (VRU) Safety: An Introductory ReviewVRUSC-002-202405/03/2024
Injuries and fatalities among pedestrians, cyclists, scooterists, highway road workers, and safety and emergency personnel—often referred to as vulnerable road users (VRUs)—continue to rise at alarming rates worldwide. Emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced safety measures, this study, commissioned by the Vulnerable Road User Safety Consortium™ (VRUSC) and conducted by the Light and Health Research Center at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, evaluates the potential effectiveness of lighting and visual information systems in improving VRU safety. The white paper presents a synthesis of published research on lighting and markings from the perspective of both human drivers and machine vision systems. It identifies potential preliminary guidelines for the intensity, color, temporal, and spatial characteristics of lighting and visual information that can help prevent crashes involving VRUs. The study also highlights knowledge gaps that require further research, including theVulnerable Road Users Safety Consortium
Best Practice
Transportation Ecosystem and Autonomy: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV20202305/03/2024
Beiker, Sven, Muelaner, Jody E., Razdan, Rahul
Technical Paper
Legal Issues and Policy: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV13202305/03/2024
McQueen, Bob, Williams, Ian
Technical Paper
Safety, ADAS, and Cybersecurity: Vol. 2EPRCOMPV16202305/03/2024
Beiker, Sven, Bock, Thomas, Taiber, Joachim
Technical Paper
Transportation Ecosystem and Autonomy: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV19202305/03/2024
Guo, Ge, Hou, Yuqin, Kang, Ming, Lv, Chen, Hemphill, Jeff
Technical Paper
Transportation Ecosystem and Autonomy: Vol. 3EPRCOMPV21202305/03/2024
Technical Paper
Automotive Engineering: May 202424AUTD0505/02/2024
Batteries & recycling: The next frontier There will be no lack of used EV batteries soon. There's no lack of companies working on how to recycle them today. Are we stuck with lithium-ion? As companies continue to trumpet their next-gen EV battery tech, it seems like new chemistries face more momentum from the established champ, lithium-ion. Luminary Cloud takes CAE to the cloud The start-up's 'real-time engineering' service means you can simulate on someone else's GPUs. Editorial What we do is exciting Supplier Eye We've been here before Cybersecurity firm enlists AI in battle as threats increase AI, digital twins reshaping advertising and car creation at JLR Volvo EX90 uses AI, NVIDIA SoC to make automated driving safer Mapping out future vehicle cockpits NXP S32 CoreRide Platform simplifies development of software-defined vehicles 2024 Lincoln Nautilus: The brand's first global SUV Kia's PBV concepts expand commercial possibilities Q&A Kia takes aim at commercial vans with PBV
Magazine Issue
Emergency Evacuation Slides, Ramps, Ramp/Slides, and Slide/RaftsAS8994 (Current)05/01/2024
This AS provides the minimum performance requirements for the following types of inflatable emergency evacuation devices (hereinafter referred to as device[s]): 1 Type I - Inflatable Slide: A device suitable for assisting occupants in descending from a floor-level airplane exit or from an airplane wing to the ground. A Type I off-wing slide is a device that does not include a ramp. 2 Type II - Inflatable Slide/Raft: A device suitable for assisting occupants in descending from a floor-level airplane exit or an airplane wing to the ground that is also designed to be used as a life raft. A Type II off-wing slide/raft is a device that does not include a ramp. 3 Type III - Inflatable Exit Ramp: A device suitable for assisting occupants in descending from certain overwing exits to an airplane wing. 4 Type IV - Inflatable Ramp/Slide: A device suitable for assisting occupants from an overwing exit or airplane wing to the ground. It is a combination ramp and wing-to-ground device. 5 Type VS-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Technical Standard