Browse Topic: Exteriors

Items (3,895)
The integrated bracket is a plastic part that packages functional components such as the ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) camera, rain light sensor, and the mounting provisions of the auto-dimming IRVM (Inner Rear View Mirror). This part is fixed on the windshield of an automobile using double-sided adhesive tapes and glue. ADAS, rain light sensors, and auto-dimming IRVM play an important part in the safety of the driver and everyone present in the automobile. This makes proper functioning of the integrated bracket very integral to occupant safety. Prior to this work, the following literature; Integrated Bracket for Rain Light Sensor/ADAS/Auto-Dimming IRVM with provision of mounting for Aesthetic Cover [1] outlines the design considerations and advantages of mounting several components on the same bracket. It follows the theme where the authors first define the components packaged on the integrated bracket and then the advantages of packaging multiple components on a single
Chandravanshi, PriyanshDharmatti, Girish
To reduce aerodynamic drag during real-world driving, it is essential to consider the effects of crosswinds. The yaw angle dependence of aerodynamic drag is known to vary based on the vehicle body type; however, there are limited studies on the physical mechanisms underlying this difference, particularly through detailed visualizations of the flow structure and its response to yaw angles. This study investigates the differences in flow structures between an SUV and a notchback to understand the mechanism responsible for the variation in yaw angle dependence of CD under quasi-steady yaw angle conditions. Numerical simulations and wind tunnel tests were conducted for both the SUV and the notchback at yaw angles of 0°, 2°, and 5°. Crossflow and total pressure were employed as indicators for visualizing the flow structure, with a focus on the wake behind the vehicle in the visualizations of the wind tunnel tests and simulations. Additionally, isosurfaces of the crossflow velocity magnitude
Nakata, AkihiroOkamoto, SatoshiNishida, ShuheiMorikawa, YosukeNakashima, Takuji
High-efficiency manufacturing involves the transmission of copious amounts of data, exemplified both by trends in the automotive industry and advances in technology. In the automotive industry, products have been growing increasingly complex, owing to multiple SKUs, global supply chains and the involvement of many tier 2 / Just-In Time (JIT) suppliers. On top of that, recalls and incidents in recent years have made it important for OEMs to be able to track down affected vehicles based on their components. All of this has increased the need for OEMs to be able to collect and analyze component data. The advent of Industry 4.0 and IoT has provided manufacturing with the ability to efficiently collect and store large amounts of data, lining up with the needs of manufacturing-based industries. However, while the needs to collect data have been met, corporations now find themselves facing the need to make sense of the data to provide the insights they need, and the data is often unstructured
Jan, JonathanPreston, JoshuaJuncker, John
A specific thick film heater (TFH) for electric vehicles is investigaed in this study, and its three dimensional heat tansfer analysis model is estab-lished. The heat transfer and fluid performance of the TFH is analyzed using a computational fluid dynamics soft-ware. The performance of TFH is measured on a test bench, and the measured data is used to validate the developed model. Using the established model, the heating efficiency of TFH is studied for different inlet temperatures and flow rates, and the influence of the fin spoiler structure on TFH heating efficiency and the heating board temperature is investigated. The result indicates that the spoiler structure has a large effect on the board heating temperature, but has little effect on the heating efficiency. An orthogonal experimental design method is used to optimize the design of the fins and water channels, and the purpose is to reduce the board heating temperature for preventing over burning. Under the 25°C inlet
Guan, WenzheGuo, YimingWu, XiaoyongWang, DongdongShangguan, Wen-Bin
Emerging zero-emission-powertrain concepts are providing opportunities to re-shape heavy trucks for improved aerodynamic performance. To investigate the potential for energy savings through aerodynamic improvements, with a goal to inform operators and regulators of such benefits, a multi-phase project was initiated to design and evaluate aerodynamic improvements for Class 8 tractor-trailer combinations. While the focus was battery-electric and hydrogen-fuel-cell powered trucks, improvements for internal-combustion powered trucks were also examined. Previously-reported activities included a scaled-model wind-tunnel test that demonstrated the potential for up to 9% drag reduction from simple shape adaptations, with a follow-up CFD study providing guidance towards further optimization. This paper presents wind-tunnel-test results using a high-fidelity 30%-scale model of a new aerodynamic tractor concept, with comparison to a conventional North American Class 8 tractor with a modern
Ghorbanishohrat, FaeghehMcAuliffe, BrianO'Reilly, Harrison
Headlight glare remains a persistent problem to the U.S. driving public. Over the past 30 years, vehicle forward lighting and signaling systems have evolved dramatically in terms of styling and lighting technologies used. Importantly, vehicles driven in the U.S. have increased in size during this time as the proportion of pickup trucks and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) has increased relative to passenger sedans and other lower-height vehicles. Accordingly, estimates of typical driver eye height and the height of lighting and signaling equipment on vehicles from one or two decades ago are unlikely to represent the characteristics of current vehicles in the U.S. automotive market. In the present study we surveyed the most popular vehicles sold in the U.S. and carried out evaluations of the heights of lighting and signaling systems, as well as typical driver eye heights based on male and female drivers. These data may be of use to those interested in understanding how exposure to vehicle
Bullough, John D.
The pre-validation process for door trim noise has gained increasing importance as noise standards have become more stringent with the transition to electric vehicles. Currently, the validation process employs squeak and rattle director simulations to evaluate noise based on relative displacement values. However, this approach is time-intensive. To address this limitation, we have improved process efficiency by developing a database of relative displacement values derived from the cross-sectional and structural characteristics of matching parts. This advancement enables noise pre-validation using only cross-sectional and structural information.
Cho, WonhyungNa, HyunghyunKim, DonghyeonKim, JongSooShin, Dongwan
The proportion of pedestrian fatalities due to traffic accidents is higher at night than during the day. Drivers can more easily recognize pedestrians by setting their headlights to high beam, but use of high beam poses the issue of increasing glare for pedestrians. This study proposes a lighting technology that increases the noticeability of pedestrians for drivers and the noticeability of approaching vehicles for pedestrians while at the same time helping to reduce glare for pedestrians. The newly designed lighting enables geometric patterns projection lighting that makes use of projection technology. This geometric pattern projection lighting was compared with conventional low beam and high beam headlights to verify the effectiveness. Tests were conducted on a closed course with the participation of 20 drivers to evaluate the functionality of each headlight type. In these tests, subjects performed specific tasks such as evaluation of pedestrian visibility from the driver’s point of
Kawamura, KazuyukiOshida, Kei
The current Range Rover is the fifth generation of this luxury SUV. With a drag coefficient of 0.30 at launch, it was the most aerodynamically efficient luxury SUV in the world. This aerodynamic efficiency was achieved by applying the latest science. Rear wake control was realised with a large roof spoiler, rear pillar and bodyside shaping, along with an under-floor designed to reduce losses over a wide range of vehicle configurations. This enabled manipulation of the wake structure to reduce drag spread, optimising emissions measured under the WLTP regulations. Along with its low drag coefficient, in an industry first, it was developed explicitly to achieve reduced rear surface contamination with reductions achieved of 70% on the rear screen and 60% over the tailgate when compared against the outgoing product. This supports both perceptions of luxury along with sensor system performance, demonstrating that vehicles can be developed concurrently for low drag and reduced rear soiling
Chaligné, SébastienGaylard, Adrian PhilipSimmonds, NicholasTurner, Ross
The metal inert-gas (MIG) welding technique employed for aluminum alloy automotive bumpers involve a complex thermo-mechanical coupling process at elevated temperatures. Attaining a globally optimal set of model parameters continues to represent a pivotal objective in the pursuit of reliable constitutive models that can facilitate precise simulation of the welding process. In this study, a novel piecewise modified Johnson-Cook (MJ-C) constitutive model that incorporates the strain-temperature coupling has been proposed and developed. A quasi-static uniaxial tensile model of the specimen is constructed based on ABAQUS and its secondary development, with model parameters calibrated via the second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) method. A finite element simulation model for T-joint welding is subsequently established, upon which numerical simulation analyses of both the welding temperature field and post-welding deformation can be conducted. The results
Yi, XiaolongMeng, DejianGao, Yunkai
In this study, the aerodynamics and surface flow field of a 1/5 scale SUV vehicle model called “AeroSUV” were experimentally investigated. The aerodynamics and surface flow field investigations were carried out in the wind tunnel at Hiroshima University with a Reynolds number ReL = 1.2×106, baseline yaw angle β = 0° and crosswind conditions β = 5°, 10° and 15° for two rear ends, Estateback and Fastback. The results provide aerodynamic information and detailed surface flow field information for a standard middle-class SUV vehicle with different rear ends, which is important for automotive design. By applying GLOF measurements to automotive aerodynamics, the skin friction topology was revealed in detail as surface flow field information that is useful for understanding the physics of the flow. The skin friction topology clearly shows the separation lines, reattachment lines, and focus points associated with the separation flow, longitudinal vortices and recirculation vortices of this
Hijikuro, MasatoShimizu, KeigoNakashima, TakujiHiraoka, Takenori
The current leading experimental platform for engine visualization research is the optical engine, which features transparent window components classified into two types: partially visible windows and fully visible windows. Due to structural limitations, fully visible windows cannot be employed under certain complex or extreme operating conditions, leading to the acquisition of only local in-cylinder combustion images and resulting in information loss. This study introduces a method for reconstructing in-cylinder combustion images from local images using deep learning techniques. The experiments were conducted using an optical engine specifically designed for spark-ignition combustion modes, capturing in-cylinder flame images under various conditions with high-speed cameras. The primary focus was on reconstructing the flame edge, with in-cylinder combustion images categorized into three types: images where the flame edge is fully within the partially visible window, partly within the
Wang, MianhengZhang, YixiaoDu, HaoyuXiao, MaMao, JianshuFang, Yuwen
With Rapid growth of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the market challenges such as driving range, charging infrastructure, and reducing charging time needs to be addressed. Unlike traditional Internal combustion vehicles, EVs have limited heating sources and primarily uses electricity from the running battery, which reduces driving range. Additionally, during winter operation, it is necessary to prevent window fogging to ensure better visibility, which requires introducing cold outside air into the cabin. This significantly increases the energy consumption for heating and the driving range can be reduced to half of the normal range. This study introduces the Ceramic Humidity Regulator (CHR), a compact and energy-efficient device developed to address driving range improvement. The CHR uses a desiccant system to dehumidify the cabin, which can prevent window fogging without introducing cold outside air, thereby reducing heating energy consumption. A desiccant system typically consists of two
Hamada, TakafumiShinoda, NarimasaKonno, YoshikiIhara, YukioIto, Masaki
This SAE Recommended Practice provides the lighting function identification codes for use on all passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, motorcycles, and emergency vehicles.
Lighting Standard Practices Committee
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of quasistatic force deformation (QSFD) data to represent the collision forces in low-speed collinear collisions when there is damage to vehicle body structures as well as the bumpers. In this study five full-scale underride/override crash tests were performed and simulated with QSFD data. In each crash test a bumper or a trailer underride guard on a bullet vehicle overrode the rear or front bumper of a target vehicle and damaged structures above the bumper of the target vehicle. A QSFD measurement was performed substantially similar to the vehicle interactions in the crash using a complete exemplar target vehicle that was rigidly attached to the earth. The output of a QSFD measurement is force deflection data for the vehicle pair. Each crash test was simulated using the QSFD data, the weights of the test vehicles, the closing speed of the test vehicles, and the restitution measured in the crash test. The output of a simulation was
Gall, JessicaScott, William R.Bonugli, EnriqueWatson, Richard A.Fischer, Patrick
The rapid advancement of inland waterway transport has led to safety concerns, while real-time high-precision positioning in maritime contexts is essential for enhancing navigation efficiency and safety. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a method for enhancing the accuracy of maritime Real - Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning using smartphones based on multi-epoch elevation constraints. Firstly, the elevation characteristics of smartphones in a maritime context were analyzed. Subsequently, exploiting the feature of gradual elevation variations when vessels navigate inland rivers, an appropriate sliding window was established to construct elevation constraint values, which were then integrated into the observation equations for filtering computations to boost positioning accuracy. Finally, synchronous observations were carried out using smartphones and geodetic receivers to compare and analyze the positioning accuracy before and after the addition of the elevation constraints
Wumaier, DiliyaerYu, XianwenMu, Hongbo
The research presented in this paper proposes an effective numerical approach based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the flow structure around the Formula 1 rear wing. The study investigates the influence of endplates on the flow behavior and aerodynamic attributes of the wing. Additionally, it examines the implementation of louvers and cutouts to manipulate the interaction of multiple vortices, thereby mitigating the strength of primary wingtip vortices and the consequent induced drag. Three-dimensional steady-state computations were conducted using the ANSYS® commercial suite. The FLUENT™ solver, employing Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations modeled with a two-equation shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model, was utilized for the analysis. Post-processing and visualization of the flow field in the near wake region downstream of the rear wing were performed using Tecplot®. Validation of the turbulence model was achieved through the quasi-3D NACA
Kalsi, Mandeep SinghJoshi, Upendra Kumar
This SAE Recommended Practice provides standardized laboratory tests, test methods, and performance requirements applicable to signal and marking devices used on vehicles 2032 mm or more in overall width.
Heavy Duty Lighting Standards Committee
Secondary crashes, including struck-by incidents are a leading cause of line-of-duty deaths among emergency responders, such as firefighters, law enforcement officers, and emergency medical service providers. The introduction of light-emitting diode (LED) sources and advanced lighting control systems provides a wide range of options for emergency lighting configurations. This study investigated the impact of lighting color, intensity, modulation, and flash rate on driver behavior while traversing a traffic incident scene at night. The impact of retroreflective chevron markings in combination with lighting configurations, as well as the measurement of “moth-to-flame” effects of emergency lighting on drivers was also investigated. This human factors study recruited volunteers to drive a closed course traffic incident scene, at night under various experimental conditions. The simulated traffic incident was designed to replicate a fire apparatus in the center-block position. The incident
D. Bullough, JohnParr, ScottHiebner, EmilySblendorio, Alec
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform test procedures and performance requirements for the defrosting system of enclosed cab trucks, buses, and multipurpose vehicles. It is limited to a test that can be conducted on uniform test equipment in commercially available laboratory facilities. For laboratory evaluation of defroster systems, current engineering practice prescribes that an ice coating of known thickness be applied to the windshield and left- and right-hand side windows to provide more uniform and repeatable test results, even though - under actual conditions - such a coating would necessarily be scraped off before driving. The test condition, therefore, represents a more severe condition than the actual condition, where the defroster system must merely be capable of maintaining a cleared viewing area. Because of the special nature of the operation of most of these vehicles (where vehicles are generally kept in a garage or warmed up before driving), and since
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes testing methods and performance requirements for windshield wiping systems on trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 4500 kg (10000 pounds) or greater and light-duty utility vehicles with a GVWR of less than 4500 kg (10000 pounds). The test procedures and minimum performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a form of Additive Manufacturing (AM), has emerged as a groundbreaking technology for the production of complex shapes from a variety of materials. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is an opaque thermoplastic that is frequently employed in additive manufacturing (AM) due to its affordability and user-friendliness. The purpose of this investigation is to enhance the FDM parameters for ABS material and develop predictive models that anticipate printing performance by employing the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Through experimental trials, an investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of critical FDM parameters, including layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical outcomes, including mechanical properties, surface polish, and dimensional accuracy. The utilization of design of experiments (DOE) methodology facilitated a systematic examination of parameters. A predictive model was
Natarajan, ManikandanPasupuleti, ThejasreeKumar, VKiruthika, JothiKatta, Lakshmi NarasimhamuSilambarasan, R
Current work details the preliminary CFD analysis performed on custom-built race car by Team Sakthi Racing team as part of Formula SAE competition using OpenFOAM. The body of the race car is designed in compliance with FSAE regulations, OpenFOAM utilities and solvers are used to generate volumetric mesh and perform CFD analysis. Formula student tracks are typically designed with numerous sharp turns and a few long straights to maintain low speeds for safety. In order to enhance the cars’ performance in sharp turns, the race car should be equipped with aerodynamic devices like nose cone and wings on both the rear and front ends within the confines of the formula student racing rules. Thus, efficient aerodynamic design is highly critical to maximizing tire grip by ensuring consistent contact with the track, reducing the risk of skidding, and maintaining control, especially during high-speed maneuvers. In this work, the performance and behavior of the race car, both with and without the
Rangarajan, KishorePushpananthan, BlesscinAnumolu, LakshmanSelvakumar, KumareshJayakumar, Shyam Sundar
This document includes requirements of installations of adequate landing and taxiing lighting systems in aircraft of the following categories: a Single engine personal and/or liaison type b Light twin engine c Large multiengine propeller d Large multiengine turbojet/turbofan e Military high-performance fighter and attack f Helicopter This document will cover general requirements and recommended practices for all types of landing and taxi lights. More specific recommendations for LED lights in particular can be found in ARP6402.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for a parking lamp.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
The aerodynamic force produced by external flows over two-dimensional bodies is typically decomposed into two components: lift and drag. In race cars, the lift is known as downforce and it is responsible for increasing tire grip, thereby enhancing traction and cornering ability. Drag acts in the direction opposite to the car’s motion, reducing its acceleration and top speed. The primary challenge for aerodynamicists is to design a vehicle capable of producing high downforce with low drag. This study aims to optimize the shape of a multi-element rear wing profile of a Formula 1 car, achieving an optimal configuration under specific prescribed conditions. The scope of this work was limited to a 2-D model of a rear wing composed of two 4-digit NACA airfoils. Ten control parameters were used in the optimization process: three to describe each isolated profile, two to describe their relative position, and two to describe the angles of attack of each profile. An optimization cycle by finite
Souza Dourado, GuilhermeHayashi, Marcelo Tanaka
Polypropylene has been the plastic traditionally used in the manufacture of bumpers. Composite materials have been presented as an alternative due to lightness and sustainability. This article presents a composite of polyester resin and jute fiber fabric as an innovative alternative to be studied for the manufacture of automotive bumpers. Composite material was manufactured for characterization. It was used as matrix the terephthalic polyester resin, unsaturated and pre-accelerated, and the catalyst MEK V388 for curing the composite. The chosen reinforcement was the jute fiber fabric. Silicone molds with dimensions according to ASTM 3039 were used to manufacture specimens, and subsequent tensile strength test to determine properties and compare with literature data. The composite with jute fiber reinforcement with alignment 0°/0°/0° was evaluated as viable for the application in car bumpers, having its value of tensile strength surpassed that of the composite reinforced by jute fiber
Dias, Roberto Yuri CostaSoares, Rafael Vilhenade Mendonca Maia, Pedro Victordos Santos, Jose Emilio MedeirosMiranda, Igor Ramon SinimbúJunior, Waldomiro Gomes PaschoalFujiyama, Roberto Tetsuo
In recent decades, thermoplastics have become fundamental materials for the automotive industry, due to characteristics such as low density and increased possibility of manufacturing parts into complex geometries. Correlate the mechanical behavior of parts made with these materials, between virtual and physical testing, still poses a challenge that can be explained by the inherent nature of polymeric compounds, which generally exhibit a complex microstructural composition. This study uses a Bumper Grille made of Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) as case study. This part is a fundamental external vehicle component, not only for safety criteria, but also for consumer satisfaction. To analyze the structural behavior of a vehicle components such as a Grille, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools with the Finite Element Method (FEM) are commonly applied, in which a good understanding of the analysis setup and physical properties used to define the model are essential. For models built
Ferreira, Gabriel RamosSouza Silva, PauloSoares, Annelise Heidrich PietroMaciel, Ronei SantosCarvalho, Gimaézio GomesSanchez, Jorge Romero
The automotive industry is facing unprecedented pressure to reduce costs without compromising on quality and performance, particularly in the design and manufacturing. This paper provides a technical review of the multifaceted challenges involved in achieving cost efficiency while maintaining financial viability, functional integrity, and market competitiveness. Financial viability stands as a primary obstacle in cost reduction projects. The demand for innovative products needs to be balanced with the need for affordable materials while maintaining structural integrity. Suppliers’ cost structures, raw material fluctuations, and production volumes must be considered on the way to obtain optimal costs. Functional aspects lead to another layer of complexity, once changes in design or materials should not compromise safety, durability, or performance. Rigorous testing and simulation tools are indispensable to validate changes in the manufacturing process. Marketing considerations are also
Oliveira Neto, Raimundo ArraisSouza, Camila Gomes PeçanhaBrito, Luis Roberto BonfimGuimarães, Georges Louis Nogueira
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a Minimum performance requirements for the switch for activating electric or electro-pneumatic windshield washer systems. b Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document, are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield washing system performance is developed.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a Minimum performance requirements for the switch for electrically or electro-pneumatically powered windshield wiping systems. b Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed.
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Automotive “Exterior Lighting” systems are subject to stringent regulatory requirements and vehicle manufactures internal standards to meet the functional and aesthetic requirement of various vehicle classes. Exterior Lighting systems have grown increasingly due to complexity in design to meet customer demands. Traditionally, validation of lighting system is dependent on physical testing and associated vehicle hardware, particularly Body Control System (BCM). This traditional approach presents several challenges, including dependency on mature vehicle hardware and software, difficulties in integration testing and synchronization across various lamps, and this may compromised design validation quality. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel approach leveraging digital simulation of lamps validation methodology through a real time hardware simulation system. Enabling independent testing and validation of exterior lighting systems in a controlled virtual environment. The
Joshi, Vivek S.Mandloi, PrinceGhanvat, HemantBolij, Aarti
Driving at night presents a myriad of challenges, with one of the most significant being visibility, especially on curved roads. Despite the fact that only a quarter of driving occurs at night, research indicates that over half of driving accidents happen during this period. This alarming statistic underscores the urgent need for improved illumination solutions, particularly on curved roads, to enhance driver visibility and consequently, safety. Conventional headlamp systems, while effective in many scenarios, often fall short in adequately illuminating curved roads, thereby exacerbating the risk of accidents during nighttime driving. In response to this critical issue, considerable efforts have been directed towards the development of alternative technologies, chief among them being Adaptive Front Lighting Systems (AFS). The primary objective of this endeavor is to design and construct a prototype AFS that can seamlessly integrate into existing fixed headlamp systems. Throughout the
T, KarthiG, ManikandanP C, MuruganS, SakthivelN, VinuP, Dineshkumar
In the realm of commercial vehicle design, enhancing the durability of bumpers and headlamps is paramount for ensuring safety and reducing maintenance costs. This study explores the development of a lightweight bumper design with optimized resonance frequency to improve the durability of these critical components. The research focuses on innovative design techniques to achieve a balance between weight reduction and structural integrity. The primary objective is to minimize the impact forces transmitted to the bumper and headlamp assemblies during vibrations. By employing finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental validation, the study identifies the optimal resonance frequency that mitigates the risk of resonance-induced damage. Additionally, the study examines the influence of geometric modifications on the bumper’s performance. Various design iterations are analyzed to determine the most effective configuration for enhancing durability while maintaining compliance with industry
Pandey, SudheerGanesan, Balaji
Sensata Technologies' booth at this year's IAA Transportation tradeshow included two of the company's Precor radar sensors. The PreView STA79 is a heavy-duty vehicle side-monitoring system launched in May 2024 and designed to comply with Europe-wide blind spot monitoring legislation introduced in June 2024. The PreView Sentry 79 is a front- and rear-monitoring system. Both systems operate on the 79-GHz band as the nomenclature suggests. PreView STA79 can cover up to three vehicle zones: a configurable center zone, which can monitor the length of the vehicle, and two further zones that can be independently set to align with individual customer needs. The system offers a 180-degree field of view to eliminate blind spots along the vehicle sides and a built-in measurement unit that will increase the alert level when turning toward an object even when the turn indicator is not used. The system also features trailer mitigation to reduce false positive alerts on the trailer when turning. The
Kendall, John
The information in this document is intended to apply to commercial jet transport category airplanes that incorporate plastic (polycarbonate or acrylic) lenses on exterior light assemblies, or are being considered for such an application as opposed to glass lens designs. Exterior lighting applications include position light assemblies, anticollision light asemblies, and landing light assemblies. However, much of the material provided herein is general in nature and is directly applicable to many aircraft categories including, but not limited to, helicopters, general aviation aircraft, and military aircraft.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
In this work, we evaluated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for predicting the design trends in flow around a mass-production luxury sport utility vehicle (SUV) subjected to incremental design changes via spoiler and underbody combinations. We compared Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) using several turbulence models and a delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) to experimental measurements from a 40% scale wind tunnel test model at matched full-scale Reynolds number. Regardless of turbulence model, RANS was unable to consistently reproduce the design trends in drag from wind tunnel data. This inability of RANS to reproduce the drag trends stemmed from inaccurate base pressure predictions for each vehicle configuration brought on by highly separated flow within the vehicle wake. When taking A-B design trends, many of these errors compounded together to form design trends that did not reflect those measured in experiments. On the other hand, DDES proved to be more
Aultman, MatthewDisotell, KevinDuan, LianMetka, Matthew
The scope of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to discuss factors affecting visibility of aircraft navigation and anticollision lights, enabling those concerned with their use to have a better technical understanding of such factors, and to aid in exercising appropriate judgment in the many possible flight eventualities.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
This SAE Standard provides requirements, test procedures, and installation guidelines for clearance, sidemarker, and identification lamps intended for use on vehicles 2032 mm or more in overall width. Sidemarker lamps conforming to the requirements of this document may also be used on vehicles less than 2032 mm in overall width.
Heavy Duty Lighting Standards Committee
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for motorcycle turn signal lamps. It does not apply to mopeds.
Motorcycle Lighting Standards Committee
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10000 pounds) or less: a Minimum performance standards for windshield wiper systems. b Test procedures that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. c Uniform terminology of windshield wiper system characteristics and phenomena consistent with those found in guides for the use of engineering layout studies to evaluate system performance. d Guides for the design and location of components of the systems for function, servicing of the system, etc. The test procedures and minimum performance standards outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed.
Wiper Standards Committee
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to motor vehicle Forward Illumination Devices which incorporate limited adaptive beam pattern capabilities. This document is to be used in conjunction with other forward lighting standards and/or recommended practices which define the base beam procedures, requirements, and guidelines.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Automotive radar plays a crucial role in object detection and tracking. While a standalone radar possesses ideal characteristics, integrating it within a vehicle introduces challenges. The presence of vehicle body, bumper, chassis, and cables in proximity influences the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar, thereby impacting its performance. To address these challenges, electromagnetic simulations can guide early-stage design modifications. However, operating at very high frequencies around 77GHz and dealing with the large electrical size of complex structures demand specialized simulation techniques to optimize radar integration scenarios. Thus, the primary challenge lies in achieving an optimal balance between accuracy and computational resources/simulation time. This paper outlines the process of radar vehicle integration from an electromagnetic perspective and demonstrates the derivation of optimal solutions through RF simulation.
Rao, SukumaraM K, Yadhu Krishnan
To provide specifications for lighting and marking of industrial wheeled equipment whenever such equipment is operated or traveling on a highway.
OPTC3, Lighting and Sound Committee
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This document provides standardized laboratory tests, test methods and equipment, and requirements for lighting devices covered by SAE Recommended Practices and Standards. It is intended for devices used on vehicles less than 2032 mm in width. Tests for vehicles larger than 2032 mm in overall width are covered in SAE J2139. Device specific tests and requirements can be found in applicable SAE technical reports.
Test Methods and Equipment Stds Committee
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