Browse Topic: Exteriors

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Study on relative displacement in assembly structure sections for Pre-validation of door trim noise2025-01-8618To be published on 04/01/2025
The importance of the pre-validation process for door trim noise is being emphasized as noise criteria have been heightened due to the transition to electric vehicles. The validation process currently uses SNRD (Squeak and Rattle Director) simulation to verify BSR through relative strain values. However, this process has the limitation of being time-consuming. To solve this issue, we have enhanced the efficiency of the process by creating a database of relative displacement values that occur based on the cross-section and structural characteristics of matching parts, enabling BSR validation using only cross-sectional and structural information
cho, wonhyung, Na, Hyunghyun, Kim, Donghyeon, Kim, JongSoo, Shin, Dongwan
Technical Paper
Design and Evaluation of a Conceptual Zero-Emission Truck Model Considering Aerodynamic Efficiency2025-01-8784To be published on 04/01/2025
Emerging zero-emission-powertrain concepts for heavy trucks are providing opportunities to re-shape the vehicle for improved aerodynamics, leading to improved energy efficiency and range resulting from reduced drag. A multi-phase project was initiated to investigate the possibility of improving the aerodynamic efficiency of Class 8 trucks with internal-combustion, battery-electric, and hydrogen-fuel-cell powertrains. Early phases included a scaled-model wind-tunnel test that demonstrated the potential for up to 9% drag reduction from simple shape adaptations, with a follow-up CFD study providing guidance towards further optimization. This paper presents wind-tunnel-test results using a high-fidelity 30%-scale model of the final design concept, with comparison to a conventional North American Class 8 truck with a modern aerodynamic package and identical wheelbase. The study included the investigation of the new model along with individual parts such as air dams, underbody panels, grill
Ghorbanishohrat, Faegheh, McAuliffe, Brian, O'Reilly, Harrison
Technical Paper
Investigation of Skin Friction Topology on the AeroSUV Using GLOF Meter2025-01-8782To be published on 04/01/2025
In this study, the aerodynamics and skin flow field of a 1/5 scale SUV vehicle model called “AeroSUV” were experimentally investigated. The aerodynamics and skin flow field investigations were carried out in the wind tunnel at Hiroshima University with a Reynolds number ReL = 1.2×10^6, baseline yaw angle β = 0° and crosswind conditions β = 5°, 10° and 15° for two rear ends, Estateback and Fastback. The results provide aerodynamic information and detailed skin flow field information for a standard middle-class SUV vehicle with different rear ends, which is important for automotive design. By applying GLOF measurements to automotive aerodynamics, the skin friction topology was revealed in detail as skin flow field information that is useful for understanding the physics of the flow. The skin friction topology clearly shows the separation lines, reattachment lines, and focus points associated with the separation flow, longitudinal vortices and recirculation vortices of this vehicle model
Hijikuro, Masato, Shimizu, Keigo, Nakashima, Takuji, Hiraoka, Takenori
Technical Paper
Development of Ceramic Humidity Regulator (CHR) Using Honeycomb Type PTC Heater to Improve Electric Vehicle Driving Range in Winter2025-01-8177To be published on 04/01/2025
With Rapid growth of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the market, challenges such as driving range, charging infrastructure, and reducing charging time needs to be addressed. Unlike traditional Internal combustion vehicles, EVs have limited heating sources and primarily uses electricity from the running battery, which reduces driving range. Additionally, during winter operation, it is necessary to prevent window fogging to ensure better visibility, which requires introducing cold outside air into the cabin. This significantly increases the power consumption for heating and the driving range can be reduced to half of the normal range. This study introduces the Ceramic Humidity Regulator (CHR), a compact and energy-efficient device developed to address driving range improvement. The CHR uses a desiccant system to dehumidify the cabin, which can prevent window fogging without introducing cold outside air, thereby reducing heating power consumption. A desiccant system typically consists of two
Hamada, Takafumi, Shinoda, Narimasa, Konno, Yoshiki, Ihara, Yukio, Ito, Masaki
Technical Paper
A Modified Johnson-Cook Model Considering Strain-Temperature Coupling for Welding Simulation of Aluminum Alloy Bumper2025-01-8243To be published on 04/01/2025
The metal inert-gas (MIG) welding technique employed for aluminum alloy automotive bumpers involves a complex thermo-mechanical coupling process at elevated temperatures. Attaining a globally optimal set of model parameters continues to represent a pivotal objective in the pursuit of reliable constitutive models that can facilitate precise simulation of the welding process. In this study, a novel piecewise modified Johnson-Cook (MJ-C) constitutive model that incorporates the strain-temperature coupling has been proposed and developed. A quasi-static uniaxial tensile model of the specimen is constructed based on ABAQUS and its secondary development, with model parameters calibrated via the the second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) method. A finite element simulation model for T-joint welding is subsequently established, upon which numerical simulation analyses of both the welding temperature field and post-welding deformation can be conducted. The results
Yi, Xiaolong, Meng, Dejian, Gao, Yunkai
Technical Paper
STUDY ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICLE VISIBILITY BY GEOMETRIC PATTERNS PROJECTION LIGHTING2025-01-8663To be published on 04/01/2025
A high percentage of pedestrian fatalities in traffic accidents occur at night. Although using high beams at night can enhance pedestrian visibility for drivers, it also presents the issue of increased glare for pedestrian. In this study, the researchers devised a geometric patterns projection lighting using projection technology, designed to reduce glare for pedestrians while enhancing the visibility of pedestrians and approaching vehicles. This study explores the effectiveness of a geometric patterns projection lighting compared to traditional Low beam and High beam headlights in enhancing pedestrian visibility during nighttime driving conditions. Conducted at Dynamic Research Inc.'s closed-course facility, the experiment involved 20 drivers who were exposed to each headlight type while performing specific tasks, including headlight noticeability, glare assessment, and pedestrian detection. The geometric patterns projection lighting, characterized by dynamic intersecting light
Kawamura, Kazuyuki, Oshida, Kei
Technical Paper
Maintenance and Updates in Manufacturing Software Architecture: The Power of Automation Playbooks2025-01-8332To be published on 04/01/2025
High-efficiency manufacturing relies heavily on an extensive suite of software applications, including those for order handling, quality control, trace management, PLC communication, Andon boards, and scheduling. This reliance is particularly pronounced in facilities operating under tight schedules with stringent production targets and close collaboration with Just-In-Time (JIT) suppliers. Ensuring the continuous operation of these software systems is crucial; any downtime can result in delayed or lost units, potentially leading to significant revenue losses amounting to millions annually. Regular patching and rebooting of servers and applications are essential to maintaining system uptime, as the risk of failure increases with prolonged operation. Therefore, frequent resets and health checks are necessary, but these processes are both complex and time-consuming due to the multitude of servers and narrow scheduling windows involved. The integration of automation into these maintenance
Jan, Jonathan, Preston, Joshua
Technical Paper
A Survey of Vehicle Forward Lighting System Mounting Height and Driver Eye Height2025-01-8662To be published on 04/01/2025
Headlight glare remains a persistent problem to the U.S. driving public. Over the past 30 years, vehicle forward lighting systems have evolved dramatically in terms of styling and lighting technologies used. Importantly, vehicles driven in the U.S. have increased in size during this time as the proportion of pickup trucks and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) has increased relative to passenger sedans and other lower-height vehicles. Accordingly, estimates of typical driver eye height and the height of lighting equipment on vehicles from one or two decades ago are unlikely to represent the characteristics of newer vehicles in the U.S. automotive market. In the present study we surveyed the most popular vehicles sold in the U.S. and carried out evaluations of the heights of lighting systems, as well as typical driver eye heights based on male and female drivers. These data may be of use to those interested in understanding how exposure to vehicle headlighting and other factors have changed
Bullough, John D.
Technical Paper
Research on the Thermal Performance of Thick Film Heater for Electric Vehicle Battery2025-01-8154To be published on 04/01/2025
The life of power battery and its discharge efficiency in electric cars will be significantly reduced in a low temperature environment. Therefore, in order to ensure its working mileage and safety, heating the power battery is required. Heat pump air conditioners and PTC-based onboard heaters are usually way to heat the power battery under lower temperature so far. In low temperature environment, due to the lower heating efficiency of the heat pump air conditioner, onboard heaters are widely used in electric cars. A specific thick film heater(TFH) for electric vehicles is investigaed in this study, and its three dimensional heat tansfer analysis model is established. The heat transfer and fluid performace of the TFH is analied using a computational fluid dynamics software. The performance of TFH is measured on a test bench, and the measured data is used to validate the developed model. Using the established model, the heating efficiency of TFH is studied for different inlet
Guan, Wenzhe, Guo, Yiming, Wu, Xiaoyong, Wang, Dongdong, Shangguan, Wen-Bin
Technical Paper
A Study on Reconstructing In-Cylinder Combustion Images Based on Local Images2025-01-8381To be published on 04/01/2025
The current leading experimental platform for engine visualization research is the optical engine, which features transparent window components classified into two types: partially visible windows and fully visible windows. Due to structural limitations, fully visible windows cannot be employed under certain complex or extreme operating conditions, leading to the acquisition of only local in-cylinder combustion images and resulting in information loss. This study introduces a method for reconstructing in-cylinder combustion images from local images using deep learning techniques. The experiments were conducted using an optical engine specifically designed for spark-ignition combustion modes, capturing in-cylinder flame images under various conditions with high-speed cameras. The primary focus was on reconstructing the flame edge, with in-cylinder combustion images categorized into three types: images where the flame edge is fully within the partially visible window, partly within the
Wang, Mianheng, Zhang, Yixiao, Du, Haoyu, Xiao, Ma, Mao, Jianshu, Fang, Yuwen
Technical Paper
Integrated Bracket Design Optimizations to Resolve Issues in Vehicle Prototype Stage2025-01-8614To be published on 04/01/2025
Integrated bracket is a plastic part which packages functional components such as ADAS, Rain Light Sensor and the mounting provisions of auto dimming IRVM. This part is fixed on the windshield of an automobile using double sided 3M tapes and glue. ADAS, rain light sensor and auto dimming IRVM play an important part in the safety of driver, and everyone present in the automobile. The paper takes the readers through a concern faced by the authors that emphasizes the importance of the combination and location of tapes and glues on the integrated bracket. The 3M tapes at the B side of the integrated bracket are used to locate it on the windshield and hold it until the glue's curing time gets completed. If the combination and positions of glue and tapes is not optimum, then the bracket will get peeled off from the windshield causing aesthetic deterioration. This concern came in the prototype stage of a Mahindra SUV. In this concern, the integrated bracket was peeling off from the windshield
Chandravanshi, Priyansh, Dharmatti, Girish
Technical Paper
The aerodynamics development of the New Range Rover2025-01-8781To be published on 04/01/2025
The New Range Rover is the fifth generation of this luxury SUV. With a drag coefficient of 0.30 at launch, it was the most aerodynamically efficient luxury SUV in the world. This aerodynamic efficiency was achieved by applying the latest science. Rear wake control was realised with a large roof spoiler, rear pillar and bodyside shaping, along with an underfloor designed to reduce losses over a wide range of vehicle configurations. This enabled manipulation of the wake structure to reduce drag spread, optimising emissions measured under the WLTP regulations. Along with its low drag coefficient, in an industry first, it was developed explicitly to achieve reduced rear surface contamination with reductions achieved of 70% on the rear screen and 60% over the tailgate when compared against the out-going product. This supports both perceptions of luxury along with sensor system performance, demonstrating that vehicles can be developed concurrently for low drag and reduced rear soiling. This
Chaligné, Sébastien, Gaylard, Adrian Philip, Simmonds, Nicholas, Turner, Ross
Technical Paper
Investigation of flow structures in different body types contributing to drag change due to crosswind2025-01-8767To be published on 04/01/2025
To reduce aerodynamic drag during real world driving, it is important to consider the effect of crosswinds. In this study, we investigated the differences in flow structures between an SUV and a notchback to understand the mechanism behind the difference in yaw angle dependence of Cd value when a quasi-steady yaw angle is applied. In this study, simulations and wind tunnel tests were performed for the SUV and the notchback with yaw angles of 0°, 2°, and 5°. The indicator of flow structure analysis were crossflow and total pressure, and the results of wind tunnel tests and simulations were visualized, focusing on rear wake. In addition, iso-surfaces and path lines around the vehicle were visualized in detail, using the results of simulations. These results revealed the differences in flow structures depending on the body type. In the case of the notchback, the main vortex at yaw angle zero is behind the C-pillar. When a yaw angle is applied, this becomes stronger on both the leeward and
Nakata, Akihiro, Okamoto, Satoshi, NISHIDA, Shuhei, Morikawa, Yosuke, Nakashima, Takuji
Technical Paper
Headliner design considerations to meet safety and regulations2025-01-8245To be published on 04/01/2025
Headliners are one of the largest components inside an automobile, stretching from the front windshield to the rear windshield. Besides its aesthetic purpose, it contributes to multiple other purposes like housing different components, helps in NVH, defines the interior roominess, and plays a crucial role in defining the deployment of curtain airbag. The headliner also plays a role in meeting regulatory requirements like upward visibility and headroom requirements of the occupants. During the deployment of curtain airbag, it is important that the headliner-pillar interface aids in the easy opening of airbag, with the least hindrance. This is defined by multiple factors like the location of headliner-pillar interface in “z” direction, and its distance from the airbag ramp bracket, the position of the inflator, the mountings of the headliner and pillar trims, to name a few. Also, during the deployment of the airbag, it is important that parts such as grabhandle, speaker grilles, etc
Sabesan, Arvind Kochi, D, ANANTHA, Kakani, Phani Kumar
Technical Paper
Design of FSAE Racing Car Non-linear Variable Section Wing Composite Material Wing Beam and Wing Rib Truss Structure2025-01-8002To be published on 04/01/2025
Aerodynamic kit design plays a pivotal role in the overall performance of race cars, particularly in the context of Formula SAE (FSAE) competitions. These kits significantly contribute to improved handling stability, cornering speed, and overall vehicle control by manipulating airflow to generate downforce. In FSAE competitions, achieving high levels of downforce is critical, as it allows the car to maintain higher speeds through corners without sacrificing grip. However, a major challenge in designing these aerodynamic kits is balancing the need for substantial downforce with the imperative of minimizing weight to avoid compromising the vehicle's acceleration and energy efficiency. This paper focuses on designing a high-performance aerodynamic kit specifically tailored for FSAE race cars, using advanced materials and techniques. The complex shapes required to optimize aerodynamic performance necessitate the use of composite materials, such as laminated plates, which offer high
Cui, Jiarong
Technical Paper
Development of AI Prediction Tool for Fused Deposition Modeling of ABS Material for automobile applications2025-28-0127To be published on 02/07/2025
Additive Manufacturing (AM), notably Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), has grown in popularity owing to its ability to create complicated forms from a variety of materials. This research aims to increase the efficiency and accuracy of the FDM process for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material. ABS plastic material is an important material in automotive manufacturing due to its strength, durability, and versatility. It is used extensively for a wide range of components, including dashboard components, bumpers, fenders, exterior trim, and interior trim. The objective will be accomplished by the development of a prediction model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The research investigates the influence of FDM parameters, including layer height, nozzle temperature, and printing speed, on significant printing characteristics such as dimensional accuracy, surface quality, printing speed, and dimensional deviation. The essential data is derived from empirical
Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Kumar, V, Kiruthika, Jothi, Katta, Lakshmi Narasimhamu, Silambarasan, R
Technical Paper
Landing and Taxiing Lights - Design Criteria for InstallationARP693F (Current)01/21/2025
This document includes requirements of installations of adequate landing and taxiing lighting systems in aircraft of the following categories: a Single engine personal and/or liaison type b Light twin engine c Large multiengine propeller d Large multiengine turbojet/turbofan e Military high-performance fighter and attack f Helicopter This document will cover general requirements and recommended practices for all types of landing and taxi lights. More specific recommendations for LED lights in particular can be found in ARP6402
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Recommended Practice
Parking Lamp (Front Position LampJ222_202501 (Current)01/21/2025
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for a parking lamp
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Technical Standard
Sensitivity Analysis of the Thickness Mapping and Local Stiffness for Bumper Grille Structural Simulations2024-36-010212/20/2024
In recent decades, thermoplastics have become fundamental materials for the automotive industry, due to characteristics such as low density and increased possibility of manufacturing parts into complex geometries. Correlate the mechanical behavior of parts made with these materials, between virtual and physical testing, still poses a challenge that can be explained by the inherent nature of polymeric compounds, which generally exhibit a complex microstructural composition. This study uses a Bumper Grille made of Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) as case study. This part is a fundamental external vehicle component, not only for safety criteria, but also for consumer satisfaction. To analyze the structural behavior of a vehicle components such as a Grille, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools with the Finite Element Method (FEM) are commonly applied, in which a good understanding of the analysis setup and physical properties used to define the model are essential. For models built
Ferreira, Gabriel Ramos, Souza Silva, Paulo, Soares, Annelise Heidrich Pietro, Maciel, Ronei Santos, Carvalho, Gimaézio Gomes, Sanchez, Jorge Romero
Technical Paper
Challenges in Cost Reduction for Automotive Parts: A Comprehensive Analysis2024-36-017412/20/2024
The automotive industry is facing unprecedented pressure to reduce costs without compromising on quality and performance, particularly in the design and manufacturing. This paper provides a technical review of the multifaceted challenges involved in achieving cost efficiency while maintaining financial viability, functional integrity, and market competitiveness. Financial viability stands as a primary obstacle in cost reduction projects. The demand for innovative products needs to be balanced with the need for affordable materials while maintaining structural integrity. Suppliers’ cost structures, raw material fluctuations, and production volumes must be considered on the way to obtain optimal costs. Functional aspects lead to another layer of complexity, once changes in design or materials should not compromise safety, durability, or performance. Rigorous testing and simulation tools are indispensable to validate changes in the manufacturing process. Marketing considerations are also
Oliveira Neto, Raimundo Arrais, Souza, Camila Gomes Peçanha, Brito, Luis Roberto Bonfim, Guimarães, Georges Louis Nogueira
Technical Paper
Optimization of a 2-D Multi-Element Rear Wing on a Formula 1 Car2024-36-010312/20/2024
The aerodynamic force produced by external flows over two-dimensional bodies is typically decomposed into two components: lift and drag. In race cars, the lift is known as downforce and it is responsible for increasing tire grip, thereby enhancing traction and cornering ability. Drag acts in the direction opposite to the car’s motion, reducing its acceleration and top speed. The primary challenge for aerodynamicists is to design a vehicle capable of producing high downforce with low drag. This study aims to optimize the shape of a multi-element rear wing profile of a Formula 1 car, achieving an optimal configuration under specific prescribed conditions. The scope of this work was limited to a 2-D model of a rear wing composed of two 4-digit NACA airfoils. Ten control parameters were used in the optimization process: three to describe each isolated profile, two to describe their relative position, and two to describe the angles of attack of each profile. An optimization cycle by finite
Souza Dourado, Guilherme, Hayashi, Marcelo Tanaka
Technical Paper
Preliminary Indication Approach of Jute Fiber Fabric with Polyester for Bumpers of Passenger Cars2024-36-014912/20/2024
Polypropylene has been the plastic traditionally used in the manufacture of bumpers. Composite materials have been presented as an alternative due to lightness and sustainability. This article presents a composite of polyester resin and jute fiber fabric as an innovative alternative to be studied for the manufacture of automotive bumpers. Composite material was manufactured for characterization. It was used as matrix the terephthalic polyester resin, unsaturated and pre-accelerated, and the catalyst MEK V388 for curing the composite. The chosen reinforcement was the jute fiber fabric. Silicone molds with dimensions according to ASTM 3039 were used to manufacture specimens, and subsequent tensile strength test to determine properties and compare with literature data. The composite with jute fiber reinforcement with alignment 0°/0°/0° was evaluated as viable for the application in car bumpers, having its value of tensile strength surpassed that of the composite reinforced by jute fiber
Dias, Roberto Yuri Costa, Soares, Rafael Vilhena, de Mendonca Maia, Pedro Victor, dos Santos, Jose Emilio Medeiros, Miranda, Igor Ramon Sinimbú, Junior, Waldomiro Gomes Paschoal, Fujiyama, Roberto Tetsuo
Technical Paper
Electric Windshield Wiper Switch - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose VehiclesJ2349_202412 (Current)12/06/2024
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a Minimum performance requirements for the switch for electrically or electro-pneumatically powered windshield wiping systems. b Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Recommended Practice
Electric Windshield Washer Switch - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose VehiclesJ2348_202412 (Current)12/06/2024
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10 000 lb) or greater: a Minimum performance requirements for the switch for activating electric or electro-pneumatic windshield washer systems. b Uniform test procedures that include those tests that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. The test procedures and minimum performance requirements, outlined in this document, are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield washing system performance is developed
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
Recommended Practice
Enhancing Bumper & Headlamp Durability: Lightweight Bumper Design with Optimized Resonance Frequency2024-28-023812/05/2024
In the realm of commercial vehicle design, enhancing the durability of bumpers and headlamps is paramount for ensuring safety and reducing maintenance costs. This study explores the development of a lightweight bumper design with optimized resonance frequency to improve the durability of these critical components. The research focuses on innovative design techniques to achieve a balance between weight reduction and structural integrity. The primary objective is to minimize the impact forces transmitted to the bumper and headlamp assemblies during vibrations. By employing finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental validation, the study identifies the optimal resonance frequency that mitigates the risk of resonance-induced damage. Additionally, the study examines the influence of geometric modifications on the bumper’s performance. Various design iterations are analyzed to determine the most effective configuration for enhancing durability while maintaining compliance with industry
Pandey, Sudheer, Ganesan, Balaji
Technical Paper
Navigating Future Horizons with Leading-Edge Exterior Lamps2024-28-019112/05/2024
Automotive “Exterior Lighting” systems are subject to stringent regulatory requirements and vehicle manufactures internal standards to meet the functional and aesthetic requirement of various vehicle classes. Exterior Lighting systems have grown increasingly due to complexity in design to meet customer demands. Traditionally, validation of lighting system is dependent on physical testing and associated vehicle hardware, particularly Body Control System (BCM). This traditional approach presents several challenges, including dependency on mature vehicle hardware and software, difficulties in integration testing and synchronization across various lamps, and this may compromised design validation quality. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel approach leveraging digital simulation of lamps validation methodology through a real time hardware simulation system. Enabling independent testing and validation of exterior lighting systems in a controlled virtual environment. The
Joshi, Vivek S., Mandloi, Prince, Ghanvat, Hemant, Bolij, Aarti
Technical Paper
Design and Development of Steering based Adaptive Headlight System2024-28-027212/05/2024
Driving at night presents a myriad of challenges, with one of the most significant being visibility, especially on curved roads. Despite the fact that only a quarter of driving occurs at night, research indicates that over half of driving accidents happen during this period. This alarming statistic underscores the urgent need for improved illumination solutions, particularly on curved roads, to enhance driver visibility and consequently, safety. Conventional headlamp systems, while effective in many scenarios, often fall short in adequately illuminating curved roads, thereby exacerbating the risk of accidents during nighttime driving. In response to this critical issue, considerable efforts have been directed towards the development of alternative technologies, chief among them being Adaptive Front Lighting Systems (AFS). The primary objective of this endeavor is to design and construct a prototype AFS that can seamlessly integrate into existing fixed headlamp systems. Throughout the
T, Karthi, G, Manikandan, P C, Murugan, S, Sakthivel, N, Vinu, P, Dineshkumar
Technical Paper
Sensata's sensors aid blind spot monitoring for tractor-trailers24TOFHP12_0812/01/2024
Sensata Technologies' booth at this year's IAA Transportation tradeshow included two of the company's Precor radar sensors. The PreView STA79 is a heavy-duty vehicle side-monitoring system launched in May 2024 and designed to comply with Europe-wide blind spot monitoring legislation introduced in June 2024. The PreView Sentry 79 is a front- and rear-monitoring system. Both systems operate on the 79-GHz band as the nomenclature suggests. PreView STA79 can cover up to three vehicle zones: a configurable center zone, which can monitor the length of the vehicle, and two further zones that can be independently set to align with individual customer needs. The system offers a 180-degree field of view to eliminate blind spots along the vehicle sides and a built-in measurement unit that will increase the alert level when turning toward an object even when the turn indicator is not used. The system also features trailer mitigation to reduce false positive alerts on the trailer when turning. The
Kendall, John
Magazine Article
Clearance, Sidemarker, and Identification Lamps for On-Road Vehicles 2032 mm or More in Overall WidthJ2042_202411 (Current)11/21/2024
This SAE Standard provides requirements, test procedures, and installation guidelines for clearance, sidemarker, and identification lamps intended for use on vehicles 2032 mm or more in overall width. Sidemarker lamps conforming to the requirements of this document may also be used on vehicles less than 2032 mm in overall width
Heavy Duty Lighting Standards Committee
Technical Standard
Computational Modeling of Aerodynamic Design Trends for a Production SUV Subjected to Incremental Design Changes: Roof Spoiler and Underbody Geometry15-18-01-000611/21/2024
In this work, we evaluated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for predicting the design trends in flow around a mass-production luxury sport utility vehicle (SUV) subjected to incremental design changes via spoiler and underbody combinations. We compared Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) using several turbulence models and a delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) to experimental measurements from a 40% scale wind tunnel test model at matched full-scale Reynolds number. Regardless of turbulence model, RANS was unable to consistently reproduce the design trends in drag from wind tunnel data. This inability of RANS to reproduce the drag trends stemmed from inaccurate base pressure predictions for each vehicle configuration brought on by highly separated flow within the vehicle wake. When taking A-B design trends, many of these errors compounded together to form design trends that did not reflect those measured in experiments. On the other hand, DDES proved to be more
Aultman, Matthew, Disotell, Kevin, Duan, Lian, Metka, Matthew
Journal Article
Design and Maintenance Considerations for Aircraft Exterior Lighting Plastic LensesARP5637A (Current)11/21/2024
The information in this document is intended to apply to commercial jet transport category airplanes that incorporate plastic (polycarbonate or acrylic) lenses on exterior light assemblies, or are being considered for such an application as opposed to glass lens designs. Exterior lighting applications include position light assemblies, anticollision light asemblies, and landing light assemblies. However, much of the material provided herein is general in nature and is directly applicable to many aircraft categories including, but not limited to, helicopters, general aviation aircraft, and military aircraft
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Recommended Practice
Some Factors Affecting Visibility of Aircraft Navigation and Anticollision LightsAIR1106B (Current)11/21/2024
The scope of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to discuss factors affecting visibility of aircraft navigation and anticollision lights, enabling those concerned with their use to have a better technical understanding of such factors, and to aid in exercising appropriate judgment in the many possible flight eventualities
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Information Report
Electromagnetic Compatibility of Tactical Vehicle’s Sub-Systems and Communication Systems2024-01-307311/15/2024
ABSTRACT This paper will discuss trends in compatibility issues between radio systems and Tactical Vehicle on-board systems which have been identified as potential interference sources and discuss electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between co-located radio systems. All Tactical vehicles have electronic systems which come as part of the base vehicle, such as lights, air-conditioners, wind shield wipers, etc. all of which have the potential to disrupt communications. To further complicate the radio frequency environment today’s tactical vehicles are being outfitted with new sophisticated technology such as programmable communications systems, sensor systems and remote weapon stations. The new systems are complex and are subject to emitting and absorbing electromagnetic radiation which can severely degrade radio system performance and cause inadvertent electromagnetic fratricide
Busayadilok, Tanya, Bohn, Frank A.
Technical Paper
PHYSICS-BASED SIMULATION OF REALISTIC LIGHTING AND ILLUMINATION FOR NEXT GENERATION GROUND VEHICLE IMAGE GENERATORS2024-01-353911/15/2024
ABSTRACT Over the past several years, the rate of advancements in modern computer hardware and graphics computing capabilities has increased exponentially and provided unprecedented opportunities within the Modeling and Simulation community to increase the visual fidelity and quality in new Image Generators (IGs). As a result, IG vendors are continuously reevaluating the best way to make use of these new performance improvements. Some vendors have chosen to increase the resolution of the environment by displaying higher resolution imagery from disk while other vendors have chosen to increase the number of polygons that are capable of being presented in the scene while maintaining 60Hz. While all of these approaches use the latest hardware technology to improve the quality of the simulated environment in the IG, the authors of this paper have chosen to focus on a different approach; to improve the accuracy and realism of the simulated environment. To accomplish this, the authors have
Kuehne, Bob, Hebert, Kenny, Chladny, Brett
Technical Paper
A MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL-BASED OPERATION OF VEHICLE-BORNE MICROGRID CONSIDERING BATTERY DEGRADATION2024-01-401611/15/2024
ABSTRACT Microgrids have garnered attention as they facilitate the integration of distributed renewable and non-renewable energy resources and allow flexibility to connect to the grid whenever required. When power is required for temporary missions or an emergency search and rescue mission, a vehicle-borne microgrid can supply critical power needs. In this paper, a vehicle-borne mobile microgrid consisting of a diesel generator, a battery storage system and solar panels mounted on the vehicle exterior is considered, and an operational control that minimizes the total fuel consumption and the battery degradation is formulated based on model predictive control. A simulation study is carried out considering a forward operating base mission scenario where the microgrid supplies the charging power to unmanned ground and aerial vehicles deployed in the mission. The result shows that the proposed approach is robust against uncertainties associated with renewable generation and the charging
Paudel, Saroj, Zhang, Jiangfeng, Ayalew, Beshah, Castanier, Matthew, Skowronska, Annette
Technical Paper
Motorcycle Turn Signal LampJ131_202411 (Current)11/06/2024
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for motorcycle turn signal lamps. It does not apply to mopeds
Motorcycle Lighting Standards Committee
Technical Standard
Ground Vehicle Windshield Wiper SystemsJ903_202410 (Current)10/28/2024
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes for passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10000 pounds) or less: a Minimum performance standards for windshield wiper systems. b Test procedures that can be conducted on uniform test equipment by commercially available laboratory facilities. c Uniform terminology of windshield wiper system characteristics and phenomena consistent with those found in guides for the use of engineering layout studies to evaluate system performance. d Guides for the design and location of components of the systems for function, servicing of the system, etc. The test procedures and minimum performance standards outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data. It is the intent that all portions of the document will be periodically reviewed and revised as additional data regarding windshield wiping system performance are developed
Wiper Standards Committee
Recommended Practice
Limited Adaptive Forward Lighting SystemJ2591_202410 (Current)10/22/2024
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to motor vehicle Forward Illumination Devices which incorporate limited adaptive beam pattern capabilities. This document is to be used in conjunction with other forward lighting standards and/or recommended practices which define the base beam procedures, requirements, and guidelines
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Recommended Practice
Unlocking Radar Sensor Integration in Vehicle: Accelerated Product Development Harnessing Electromagnetic Simulation2024-28-001910/17/2024
Automotive radar plays a crucial role in object detection and tracking. While a standalone radar possesses ideal characteristics, integrating it within a vehicle introduces challenges. The presence of vehicle body, bumper, chassis, and cables in proximity influences the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar, thereby impacting its performance. To address these challenges, electromagnetic simulations can guide early-stage design modifications. However, operating at very high frequencies around 77GHz and dealing with the large electrical size of complex structures demand specialized simulation techniques to optimize radar integration scenarios. Thus, the primary challenge lies in achieving an optimal balance between accuracy and computational resources/simulation time. This paper outlines the process of radar vehicle integration from an electromagnetic perspective and demonstrates the derivation of optimal solutions through RF simulation
Rao, Sukumara, M K, Yadhu Krishnan
Technical Paper
AS70054 STREAMER, WARNINGAS70054-1 (Current)10/10/2024
Scope is unavailable
Engine and Airframe Technical Standards Committee (TSC)
Technical Standard
PRODUCT BRIEFS24AUTP08_1308/01/2024
Magazine Article
Lighting and Marking of Industrial Equipment on HighwaysJ99_202406 (Current)06/13/2024
To provide specifications for lighting and marking of industrial wheeled equipment whenever such equipment is operated or traveling on a highway
OPTC3, Lighting and Sound Committee
Technical Standard
Test Methods and Equipment for Lighting Devices for Use on Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in Overall WidthJ575_202406 (Current)06/10/2024
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This document provides standardized laboratory tests, test methods and equipment, and requirements for lighting devices covered by SAE Recommended Practices and Standards. It is intended for devices used on vehicles less than 2032 mm in width. Tests for vehicles larger than 2032 mm in overall width are covered in SAE J2139. Device specific tests and requirements can be found in applicable SAE technical reports
Test Methods and Equipment Stds Committee
Technical Standard
Mercedes unveils tech-heavy electric G-Class24AUTP06_1206/01/2024
Surrounded by celebrities in Beverly Hills, Mercedes-Benz unveiled the 2025 G 580 with EQ Technology on a dock in the middle of a reservoir. That mouthful of a name is met with a large offering of technology packed into the luxury off-roader. Sitting atop a 116-kWh capacity battery pack, four motors (one for each wheel), a redesigned rear axle system, and a sound system feature called G-Roar, the German utility vehicle is ready to tackle the great outdoors as well as Rodeo Drive. While its target audience in the United States will unlikely use any of the following features more than a few times a year, the transition from gas to battery has done nothing to reduce the vehicle's off-road capabilities. If anything, it's enhanced them
Baldwin, Roberto
Magazine Article
PRODUCT BRIEFS24AUTP06_1306/01/2024
Magazine Article
Stop Lamp for Use on Motor Vehicles Less than, Equal to, or Greater than 2032 mm in Overall WidthJ586_202405 (Current)05/24/2024
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for stop lamps intended for use on vehicles of less than, equal to, or greater than 2032 mm in overall width
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Technical Standard
LED Light Sources Tests and Requirements StandardJ2938_202405 (Current)05/16/2024
This SAE Recommended Practice provides the methods of measurements for electrical and photometric characteristics of LED packages. It provides procedures, requirements, and guidelines for the methods of the measurement of luminous flux and color maintenance of LED devices (packages, arrays, and modules) for ground vehicle lighting applications
Lighting Standard Practices Committee
Recommended Practice
Lighting and Visual Information for Vulnerable Road User (VRU) Safety: An Introductory ReviewVRUSC-002-202405/03/2024
Injuries and fatalities among pedestrians, cyclists, scooterists, highway road workers, and safety and emergency personnel—often referred to as vulnerable road users (VRUs)—continue to rise at alarming rates worldwide. Emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced safety measures, this study, commissioned by the Vulnerable Road User Safety Consortium™ (VRUSC) and conducted by the Light and Health Research Center at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, evaluates the potential effectiveness of lighting and visual information systems in improving VRU safety. The white paper presents a synthesis of published research on lighting and markings from the perspective of both human drivers and machine vision systems. It identifies potential preliminary guidelines for the intensity, color, temporal, and spatial characteristics of lighting and visual information that can help prevent crashes involving VRUs. The study also highlights knowledge gaps that require further research, including the
Vulnerable Road Users Safety Consortium
Best Practice
Lighting and Marking of Earthmoving Work MachinesJ1029_202405 (Current)05/01/2024
This SAE Standard establishes minimum requirements for lighting and marking earthmoving work machinery as defined in SAE J1116. It may be used as guidance for other types of machinery. Earthmoving work machines are normally operated off-highway. Therefore, this SAE document is not intended to be used as a basis for regulations by those having authority over on-highway motor vehicles
OPTC3, Lighting and Sound Committee
Technical Standard
Study of Indian Road Traffic Accident Characteristics Using Clustering Analysis2024-01-275404/09/2024
In 2021, 412,432 road accidents were reported in India, resulting in 153,972 deaths and 384,448 injuries. India has the highest number of road fatalities, accounting for 11% of the global road fatalities. Therefore, it is important to explore the underlying causes of accidents on Indian roads. The objective of this study is to identify the factors inherent in accidents in India using clustering analysis based on self-organizing maps (SOM). It also attempts to recommend some countermeasures based on the identified factors. The study used Indian accident data collected by members of ICAT-ADAC (International Centre for Automotive Technology - Accident Data Analysis Centre) under the ICAT-RNTBCI joint project approved by the Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India. 210 cases were collected from the National Highway between Jaipur and Gurgaon and 239 cases from urban and semi-urban roads around Chennai were used for the analysis. Based on this study, the following results were
Vimalathithan, Kulothungan, Rao K M, Pranesh, Vallabhaneni, Pratapnaidu, Selvarathinam, Vivekraj, Manoharan, Jeyabharath, Pal, Chinmoy, Padhy, Sitikantha, Joshi, Madhusudan
Technical Paper
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