Browse Topic: Weather-stripping

Items (28)
Weather-strip sealing systems are critical to automotive closure performance, influencing water- and dust-tightness, aerodynamic noise control, and overall NVH quality. Conventional validation often relies on flat or straight JIG-based tests that inadequately represent the curved, angled, and non-uniform geometries of real closures such as doors, tailgates, hoods, roofs, and fixed or movable glass. This disparity limits the predictive accuracy of sealing performance in actual vehicles. This study proposes a vehicle-integrated validation framework that mirrors true geometric and contact conditions. The methodology combines finite element analysis (FEA) of both flat JIG and full-vehicle CAD geometries with experimental JIG tests, establishing a baseline for pressure distribution, compression load, and sealing contact behavior. A comparative analysis highlights significant deviations between flat-section predictions and vehicle-specific closure profiles. Results demonstrate that the integrated method more accurately reflects sealing efficiency, sound transmission loss, and long-term deformation, offering improved reliability for early-stage NVH optimization and product qualification. The findings recommend incorporating vehicle-profile-based validation into standard development practice for automotive weather-strips.
Ganesan, KarthikeyanSeok, Sang Ho
This invention solves a significant safety issue where drivers have low visibility of the Outside Rear View Mirror (ORVM) in the case of rain, fog, dust or ice formation on the Side Door Window Glass (SDWG). Currently developed methods, such as hydrophobic finishing or films and heated window glass on the doors, provide temporary or weak results, and thus, a more successful and dependable method is demanded. In order to address this problem, we have modified the Outer Waist Seal, which includes a Glass Wiping Mechanism in it. Outer Waist Seal is a type of weather strip fixed on the bottom of the side window of a vehicle on the panel of the door. It does not allow the flow of heavy water, dust and debris into the door cavity, besides supporting the glass on the window when it is in a movement process. The stationary fixed arm of this system is coupled with a rotating arm and an attached wiper blade powered by a low-speed-high-torque motor and interfaced with the Body Control Module (BCM) of the vehicle. When activated, the rotating arm having a blade will clean or wipeout the dust, water or loose ice particles from the viewing zone or area of an ORVM on the SDWG. The design will have a fixed arm, a rotating arm with a blade, a sliding body, a variable height rib plate (VHRP), a flexible bushing, a Low Speed and High Torque (LSHT) Motor, a base plate, housing which will be attached to the door waist reinforcement panel using fasteners. This system is also successful in eliminating the water droplets, dust, and ice that result in an excellent and consistent visibility of the ORVM in different environments. This promotes confidence in the driver as well as his safety and comfort, and can be used both in passenger and commercial vehicles. The solution is a compact, efficient and robust way of introducing massive change to vehicle safety and drivability and is flexible to accommodate future technologies such as automatic activation when the rain is detected through the sensors, etc.
Neelam, RajatChowdhury, AshokPanchal, GirishKumar, Saurav
This study focuses on the numerical analysis of weather-strip contact sealing performance with a variable cross-sectional design, addressing both static and dynamic behaviors, including the critical issue of stick-slip phenomena. By employing finite element modeling (FEM), the research simulates contact pressures and deformations under varying compression loads, DCE (Door Closing Efforts) requirements, typical in automotive applications. The analysis evaluates how changes in the cross-sectional shape of the weather-strip affect its ability to maintain a consistent sealing performance, especially under dynamic vehicle operations. The study also delves into stick-slip behavior, a known cause of noise and vibration issues, particularly improper/ loosened door-seal contact during dynamic driving condition. This study identifies key parameters influencing stick-slip events, such as friction coefficients, material stiffness, surface interactions, sliding velocity, wet/dry condition. Numerical simulations are used to predict stick-slip tendencies, and potential improvements, such as optimizing material properties or altering geometric profiles, are proposed. The results demonstrate that optimizing the variable cross-section can significantly enhance sealing performance, leading to better noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics. Additionally, adjustments to material properties and geometric profiles are shown to reduce stick-slip effects, contributing to quieter and more reliable weather-strip systems in automotive applications. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for the design of more effective weather-strip systems in modern vehicles
Ganesan, KarthikeyanSeok, Sang HoSun, Hyang Sun
This paper deals with vehicle door 120-degree joint rust issue and water leak faced in most of SUV cars. Generally based on vehicle segment its styling curves and exterior design are defined. A Sedan or Hatchback is provided with curves to show its fluidic design but a SUV is provided with Straight lines to show its aggressive look. In existing condition door frame Joint has sharp joints where weld bead is added to prevent rust in joint area, but still improper seating of weather strip on weld bead cause water leak. Door’s A Pillar Frame and Horizontal Frame match at 120 degree joint edges are chamfered straight to match perfectly. Weld bead runs over the matching profile to join it. But weld bead project over the Frame surface and affects weather strip seating & results in poor sealing. Adhesive added for better sealing also follows the same path on bead and create a path way for water entry. Thus in long run this water stagnates and cause chronic rust issues in frame. This in turn results in high claim cost within warranty period. It is serious issue which should be addressed. This paper investigates deeply the process of eradicating the rust issue and water leak issue simultaneously. Edges of frame are provided with forming at 120 Joint matching areas. So that weld bead gets sink into shallow depth without projecting out from the surface. This flattened profile of weld bead on frame surface results in perfect sealing of weather strip. This is how sink weld prevents rust and arrest water entry.
S, Ravi KumarParasuraman, BaskaranRaman, Shyam
Door-Closing Sound Quality Improvement Process Based on Beamforming Method, Wavelet Analysis, and Component Design Optimization10-04-03-00165/13/2020
Door-closing sound quality is a very important noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) attribute since it may have a significant impact on customers’ perception, recognition, and luxury sensation of an automobile brand. Therefore, its evaluation methodology and design process have been one of the research and engineering efforts for all NVH organizations in the automotive industry. In many cases, the resolution of a door-closing sound quality issue lacks a systematic approach, and engineers rush to work when an issue surfaces. While subjective evaluation may easily find a door-closing sound problem, it oftentimes cannot directly pinpoint and go right to the root cause of the issues, and engineers could only guesstimate the possible relevant structural components based on past experiences. In this work, a door-closing sound quality development process, which has already been implemented in vehicle programs, is summarized and presented. The process involves a systematic workflow in a relatively short turnaround time. It begins with the beamforming method to carry out the sound source localization to facilitate the accurate determination of the key areas that impact the door-closing sound quality and then followed by objective measurements to acquire the sound data for the examination of the temporal behavior and spectral content processed by the wavelet analysis. After a better understanding of the key components along with the sound characteristics obtained, the effort is then focused on the investigation of the component mechanisms and optimization of the relevant hardware kinematics. A case study based on a high-end passenger vehicle is presented, and in this particular example, it is found that the door latch design and weather strip on the upper window frame are the critical components. Once the design proposal is implemented, the door-closing sound quality has finally met the program target.
Zhang, YanHou, HangshengZhang, ZhiYang, Yusheng
Closures weatherstrips with variable cross sections2018-36-01529/3/2018
Closures systems performance is a trade-off between NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) and DCE (Door Closing Efforts) requirements. Dynamic sealing performance and sheet metal rigidity are the key contributors for a stable system. The seals actuate like a spring on the system. Higher seal load is good for NVH performance, adding more dumping to the system, but it will negatively affect DCE, as it will demand additional energy to close the system. Nominal seal load must be defined to achieve a balance between these attributes. This study is about dynamic sealing profiles with variable seal load, which provides tunable solutions to address the trade-off between NVH and DCE on the side doors or rear closures. Dynamic sealing weatherstrips are made of sponge EPDM extruded profiles with a specified load, defined by its CLD (Compression Load Deflection), which is given by the cross section design. While standard extrusion process produces a single cross section profile, a new extrusion technology provides the possibility of varying the profile cross section along the extrusion, thus the possibility to have different CLDs along the length of door perimeter. This technology can assist on the issues that demand quick solutions on vibrations and load relieves, providing good results for these critical attributes. Timing and costs are very attractive as well on the small car segments.
Filho, Rineu SantamariaFromel, IngoOsti, Reinaldo
Significant effort has been expended to improve the sound made by a closing car door. This study focuses on reducing door glass rattle sounds, not only evaluating the rattle influence of door glass support but also introducing an approach to reduce glass rattle noise by using sealing components. The first part of the study is dedicated to minimizing vibration. A jig is constructed to evaluate the influence of a door glass support on the rattling. The jig is employed so that the glass meshing between the A and B pillars can be controlled; the glass holder moves in the x- and z-directions and the belt molding moves in the y-direction. An impact hammer test was adopted for investigating door glass rattle. The frequency response obtained via impact hammer testing is analyzed by varying the glass support points and important factors that should be considered in early design stages are obtained. The second study is about optimizing vibration absorption. A glass run, door-side weather-strip, and body-side weather-strip are used to absorb vibration. The glass run section is created through the TRIZ technique. Performance evaluation of the rattle in this section show that the damping speed improved by 35% compared with the damping speed of the existing glass run, rendering it possible to significantly reduce glass rattle noise. This study suggests an approach to reducing both the vibration caused by DR BIW and door glass rattle noise using weather-strips. This research also shows that the door-side weather-strip is the most useful in reducing rattle noise. This study provides greater insight and access to the door glass rattle problem.
Nam, Yong HyunYoon, Gwansik
A method including Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) and fatigue assessment process with modal approach was developed to predict Light Commercial Van (LCV) Rear French Doors open/close durability performance during early design stage to improve test detect ability. The nonlinear properties of joints, such as those on bolted housings or spot welds sheets and hem flange areas, can substantially influence the local and global results of a dynamic simulation. The Modal approach considers joint contact, by way of Joint Interface Modes (JIMs) by using Contact Subroutine (MAMBA) to co-simulate with MBD software to improve result quality. One of the main challenges is measuring the dynamic stiffness for the weather strip. A novel test method was used to measure the weather strip dynamic stiffness by conducting an “in-situ” test. For CAE simulation results, positive feedback was received from design and test engineers.
Chen, YingLepley, DavidCutting, CharlesAraki, Toshihiro
The automotive weather strip performs functions of isolating water, dust, noise and vibration from the outside. To achieve good sealing performance, weather strip should be designed to have the high contact force and wide contact area. The compression load of weather strip is important for closing force in initial quality, but the permanent deformation is used to predict influx of wind noise over long periods of time. To check these accurately and easily, a new test method is demanded. So this paper introduces a new test method to predict the compression load and permanent deformation of 3D full vehicle by using ABAQUS. Uniaxial tension and creep tests were conducted to obtain the material data. The lab test for the permanent deformation was accelerated at high temperature during shorter time of 300 hours. Herein Proposed test method can provide accurate prediction under the different loading conditions and section shapes, and will also save time and cost.
Park, Joonchul
In an attempt to predict the responses of side crash pressure sensors, the Corpuscular Particle Method (CPM) was adopted and enhanced in this research. Acceleration-based crash sensors have traditionally been used extensively in automotive industry to determine the air bag firing time in the event of a vehicle accident. The prediction of crash pulses obtained from the acceleration-based crash sensors by using computer simulations has been very challenging due to the high frequency and noisy responses obtained from the sensors, especially those installed in crash zones. As a result, the sensor algorithm developments for acceleration-based sensors are largely based on prototype testing. With the latest advancement in the crash sensor technology, side crash pressure sensors have emerged recently and are gradually replacing acceleration-based sensor for side impact applications. Unlike the acceleration-based crash sensors, the data recorded by the side crash pressure sensors exhibits lower frequency and less noisy responses which is more conductive for CAE prediction. In the attempt to predict the side crash pressure sensor responses, fourteen different benchmark tests were designed and conducted to provide data for model validations. The fourteen benchmark tests can be divided into three sets based on the structure designs. The first set of benchmark tests included a rectangular rigid container with one side being compressed while all other sides were fixed to simulate a piston compression condition. The second set of benchmark tests contained a rigid impactor or a deformable barrier hitting a rectangular steel box with and without a hole. Different speeds were chosen in the second set of benchmark tests to obtain the corresponding pressure responses. The third set of benchmark tests involved a rigid impactor or a deformable barrier hitting a real vehicle side door with different openings. In the baseline door test, the window weather strip and speaker were kept and all holes in door inner were closed to represent a production door. To ensure the robustness of CAE predictions for different door designs, the window weather strip was removed and some holes in the door inner were opened in some of the door benchmark tests. Computer models were created according to the corresponding test conditions. The CPM method originally developed in LS-DYNA to simulate the deployments of side air bags and side air curtains was adopted and improved in this research to predict the responses of the side crash pressure sensors. One of the main purposes of adopting such method in this project is trying to expand the application of the CPM method to problems that do not involve inflators. With major improvements in the CPM method through this research in the past two years, not only the responses of side crash pressure sensor can be predicted but also the computation time required to complete such simulations has been shortened. The development of the modeling methodology to predict the responses of the side crash pressure sensors will also make it possible to use computer simulations as part of side crash sensor development and results in more robust sensor firing algorithm.
Tyan, TauMcClain, BenArthurs, KirkRupp, JeffreyGhannam, MahmoudBauch, DavidClark, ToddBhalsod, DilipWang, Jason
Understanding the resonant behavior of vehicle closures such as doors, hoods, trunks, and rear lift gates can be critical to achieve structure-borne noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance requirements, particularly below 100Hz. Nearly all closure systems have elastomer weatherstrip components that create a viscoelastic boundary condition along a continuous line around its perimeter and is capable of influencing the resonant behavior of the closure system. This paper outlines an approach to simulate the static and dynamic characteristics of a closed-cell Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) foam rubber weatherstrip component that is first subjected to a large-strain quasi-static preload with a small-strain sinusoidal dynamic load superimposed. An outline of a theoretical approach using “phi-functions” as developed by K.N. Morman Jr., and J.C. Nagtegaal [1] is introduced followed by a discussion of the material characterization that was done to construct a suitable elastomer material model for finite element analysis (FEA). Next, to validate the approach, the FEA and correlation of a simple extension specimen is presented followed by the analysis and correlation of a weatherstrip component with a complex cross sectional shape. It is observed that the static and/or dynamic response of the weatherstrip material and component can be dependent on several factors such as excitation frequency, large-strain preload, vibration amplitude, component geometry, and friction. Correlation between simulation and experimental results for dynamic stiffness and loss factor are in general agreement below 100Hz.
Hartley, Christopher
The minimum door closing speed is an important target in vehicle door design. Engineers need a proper method to evaluate the door closing speed during the design phase. Analytical approaches are presented to solve the difficult issues in analyzing the minimum door closing speed. First, the weather strip is simplified into a discrete model with several spring elements. This method does not need to use 3-D contact analysis for the weather strip and can save computing time with acceptable accuracy. Second, the minimum closing speed is solved by using the energy equation which needs one iteration only. The method has high efficiency and can be used to evaluate the door closing speed effectively during the design phase.
Huang, ZhuoWu, ShenZhang, Linbo
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a set of measurements and standard procedures for motor vehicle dimensions. The dimensions are primarily intended to measure the design intent of a vehicle within a design environment (i.e., CAD). All dimensions in this practice can be measured this way. In addition, some dimensions can be taken in an actual vehicle. If measurements are taken on physical properties, some differences in values should be expected. Also, care should be taken to not confuse design intent measurements with those taken on a physical property. It is intended that the dimensions and procedures described in this practice be generic in their application to both the HPM, described in SAE J826, and the HPM-II, described in SAE J4002. In some circumstances, the figures may only reflect one or the other. Unless otherwise specified, all dimensions are measured normal to the three-dimensional reference system (see SAE J182), except ground-related dimensions, which are defined normal to ground. All dimensions are taken with the vehicle at curb weight unless otherwise specified. All dimensions are measured on the base vehicle and do not include Regular Production Options (RPO) or accessory parts, unless otherwise specified. Although many terms and dimensions use human body parts in their name, they should not be construed as measures that indicate occupant accommodation, capabilities, or comfort.
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a set of measurements and standard procedures for motor vehicle dimensions. The dimensions are primarily intended to measure the design intent of a vehicle within a design environment (i.e., CAD). All dimensions in this practice can be measured this way. In addition, some dimensions can be taken in an actual vehicle. If measurements are taken on physical properties, some differences in values should be expected. Also, care should be taken to not confuse design intent measurements with those taken on a physical property. It is intended that the dimensions and procedures described in this practice be generic in their application to both the HPM, described in J826, and the HPM-II, described in J4002. In some circumstances, the figures may only reflect one or the other. Unless otherwise specified, all dimensions are measured normal to the three-dimensional reference system (see SAE J182), except ground-related dimensions, which are defined normal to ground. All dimensions are taken with the vehicle at curb weight unless otherwise specified. All dimensions are measured on the base vehicle and do not include Regular Production Options (RPO) or accessory parts, unless otherwise specified. Although many terms and dimensions use human body parts in their name, they should not be construed as measures that indicate occupant accommodation, capabilities, or comfort.
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
The sixth-generation car delivers even more performance value than its predecessor, and adds greater comfort and convenience into the mix. Better performance value-than its predecessor and competitors-helped the re-engineered C6 Chevrolet Corvette (see the October 2004 AEI for a full review) take home AEI's Best Engineered Vehicle honors for 2005. Along with a more powerful engine and better ride and handling than the C5 it replaces, engineers were able to address consumer demands for more refinement and include first-time features such as OnStar and DVD-based navigation options. “Our goal was a performance car at home in virtually any environment,” said Dave Hill, Chief Engineer of the Corvette and Vehicle Line Executive for General Motors Performance Cars including the Corvette's platform-mate, the Cadillac XLR. “That means more than just raw performance. It calls for improved ride comfort, a precisely built and technically sophisticated interior, and a sleek new body that is fresh and contemporary, while still instantly recognized as the new Corvette.”
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a set of measurements and standard procedures for vehicle dimensions. The dimensions are primarily intended to measure the design intent of a vehicle within a design environment (i.e., CAD). All dimensions in this practice can be measured this way. In addition, some dimensions can be taken in an actual vehicle. If measurements are taken on physical properties, some differences in values should be expected. Also, care should be taken to not confuse design intent measurements with those taken on a physical property. Unless otherwise specified, all dimensions are measured normal to the three-dimensional reference system (see SAE J182), except ground-related dimensions, which are defined normal to ground. All dimensions are taken with the vehicle at curb weight unless otherwise specified. All dimensions are measured on the base vehicle and do not include Regular Production Options (RPO) or accessory parts, unless otherwise specified. Although many terms and dimensions use human body parts in their name, they should not be construed as measures that indicate occupant accommodation, capabilities, or comfort.
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Towards a Standard for Material Friction Pair Testing to Reduce Automotive Squeaks2001-01-15474/30/2001
Today vehicle owners perceive squeaks and itches inside a vehicle cabin as a major negative indicator of vehicle build quality and durability. Manufacturers struggle to bear the high costs of squeak and rattle (S&R) related warranty. Although the benefits of structural integrity and tight manufacturing tolerances with respect to the prevention of S&R are known, today's cost, weight, crash requirements, aesthetic demands and environmental/fire hazard rules quite often dictate the design of S&R prone sub-systems. Even sub-systems with the best possible structural design and manufacturing tolerances are not immune to extreme environmental conditions, and mating materials can initiate contact leading to S&R. One method of minimizing the possibility of squeaks is by the judicious selection of mating material pairs. This paper describes a test process aimed at the quantification of material pair compatibility. Also described is a state of the art, flexure-based (virtually frictionless) test instrument that has been developed for such material pair compatibility studies. A group of 17 material pairs with known historical problems were identified by experienced automotive designers and were put through 374 tests encompassing several realistic temperature and humidity extremes in a complex test matrix. Material pair samples were “rubbed together” in an accurately controlled manner. The types of relative displacement that were used were single excursion pull and realistic road inputs in the form of a shaped random profile. The material pairs included combinations of PVC, ABS, TPO, PP and painted metal from sub-systems such as instrument panels, center consoles, body panels, door trim and weather-strips. Instationary Zwicker loudness was used as a metric for quantifying the squeak in addition to classical friction parameters. From the test data, a classification of the material pairs was made pertaining to their propensity to generate squeak and itch (S&I). Initial levels of correlation with GM material experts' classifications of the same pairs are promising and are the motivation for further studies. The Team (Defiance, GM and MB Dynamics) feels strongly about the need for a comprehensive materials database that is the result of a uniform experimental procedure to identify pertinent material characteristics in order to understand, verify and significantly reduce stick-slip in automotive applications. The Team feels that the test equipment, test procedures and analysis methods that were developed during this project and that are described in this paper, greatly contribute towards this cause. The Team wants to extend the invitation to other interested parties (tribology researchers, scientists, automotive or other engineers), to bundle efforts, share best practices and lessons learned, and work towards a standard for material friction pair testing.
Hunt, KevinRediers, BennyBrines, RobertMcCormick, RichardLeist, TedArtale, Tom
GLOBAL CONCEPTSAUTOJUL00_027/1/2000
This review of some of the more significant vehicles from this past year's motor shows showcases trends in design and technology from the world's automakers. Concepts highlighted here include some of the many vehicles introduced at acclaimed shows in Geneva, Seoul, Frankfurt; Tokyo, Detroit; and Chicago. One major trend from most of the venues was the distinct movement away from pure automobiles, many of the vehicles being station wagons, minivans, SUVs, ortallminicars or hybrids of one or more. When the first Seoul show was held back in 1995, Korea's personal transport was invariably sedan types. Now, the streets of Seoul, and elsewhere in the country, have more tall minis, minivans, and SUVs, with a sprinkle of sporty coupes. In Tokyo, there were plenty of concept vehicles-in fact more of them than ever before-and some significant new technologies, many in answer to the demands of an environmental and resource-conscious world. Another show car trend among the Japanese automakers was the Bpillarless body with centrally opening four doors. At the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, this year's crop of concept and production vehicles included a number of fuel-cell and hybrid electric vehicles and, again, many cross-over vehicles that blur the lines among traditional car and truck segments. At the 2000 Geneva Motor Show, there was a mix of aesthetic and technological exotica that few motor shows can match. This first in a two-part series highlights some of the more interesting designs and technologies covered by the AEI editors in the past year.
Jost, Kevin
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