Browse Topic: Exterior lighting

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The Balance of Illumination and Glare Prevention of Upward Directed Lighting2026-01-0516To be published on 04/07/2026
This study investigates the ongoing challenge of balancing sufficient headlight illumination with the need to prevent glare for other drivers. It focuses on the upper portion of a headlight's beam pattern, which is particularly relevant for lighting overhead signs and the upper portions of vulnerable road users. This study investigates the influence of LED headlamp technology on upward directed lighting and compares illumination of systems with varying mounting heights. This is especially important when it comes to the performance of camera-based pedestrian detection and Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) systems. Data was collected by testing multiple vehicles over time with pedestrians positioned at two distinct locations relative to the vehicle as well as some discrete points relative to the headlamp and independent of mounting height. The resulting analysis reveals trends, providing valuable insights for predicting optimal lighting strategies in future systems. These strategies may
Allen, Jodi Mary Jean
Inertial Pedal Displacement and Brake Switch Activation in Frontal Crash Events2026-01-0541To be published on 04/07/2026
This paper presents research into the inertial displacement of brake pedals and the subsequent activation of brake light switches during crash events. In certain scenarios—such as multiple-impact crashes or with pre-impact interactions such as curb strikes or sideswipes—inertial forces alone may generate sufficient brake pedal movement to trigger the brake switch, activating the brake lights. Such signals may be recorded by an Event Data Recorder (EDR) or observed by witnesses and mistakenly interpreted as an indication of intentional driver braking. To investigate this phenomenon, HYGE sled tests were performed using brake pedal assemblies and associated components from a Toyota Tacoma pickup truck and a Cadillac DeVille passenger sedan. The assemblies were subjected to acceleration pulses simulating a frontal impact, with high-speed video used to capture brake pedal displacement and brake light activation. The tests demonstrated that inertial loading from a pulse with a delta-V
Duran, Amanda, Walker, James, Barnes, Daniel, Osterhout, Aaron, Clayton, Aidan
Investigation of a System for Headlight Glare Control Based on Photometric Zones2026-01-0515To be published on 04/07/2026
Headlight glare remains a constant problem among the driving public. Following several decades of mostly incremental progression in headlight design, the past twenty years have witnessed rapid evolutions in technology and design that have made substantial differences in the appearance and performance of automotive headlights. Most obviously, there has been a transition from yellowish-white sealed beam and halogen lamps, to high-intensity discharge and more conclusively, light-emitting diode sources with a distinct, cool-white color appearance. This transition has increased perceptions of brightness, both of the forward road scene (potentially benefiting the headlight user) and of the headlights themselves (increasing visual discomfort for opposing drivers). The mix of vehicles has also increased in size, resulting in higher-mounted headlights and the potential for higher light levels at other drivers’ eyes. Variability in headlight vertical aim has possibly decreased in very recent
Bullough, John D.
Camera-Based Method for Surrounding Light Intensity Calculation2026-01-0015To be published on 04/07/2026
Accurate and dynamic evaluation of ambient light intensity surrounding a vehicle is needed for the robust operation of vehicle, autonomous driving functions, and adaptive lighting control. This paper introduces a novel image-sensing method for assessing the vehicular surrounding light environment. The proposed approach integrates sensor fusion techniques with advanced computer vision applications to provide a comprehensive and real-time understanding of ambient illumination. We detail the methodology, which processes visual data from onboard cameras in conjunction with other relevant sensor inputs to derive nuanced light intensity measurements. The discussion will encompass the significant challenges inherent in accurately perceiving ambient light across diverse conditions, including rapid changes in illumination, glare, shadows, and varying weather phenomena. Furthermore, we present the evaluation of critical parameters essential for the system's performance, such as sensor
Schroeter, Robert, Shaik, Faizan, Ghannam, Mahmoud
Materials for Use in Optical Parts Such as Lenses and Reflex Reflectors of Motor Vehicle Lighting DevicesJ576_202601 (Current)2/2/2026
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This document establishes additional performance requirements and provides test methods and requirements to evaluate the suitability of materials intended for optical applications in motor vehicles. The tests are intended to determine physical and optical characteristics of the materials only. Performance expectations of finished assemblies, including plastic components, are to be based on tests for lighting devices, as specified in SAE Standards and Recommended Practices for motor vehicle lighting equipment. Glass and materials inclusive to the light source are not in scope for this method.
Lighting Materials Standards Committee
On the Thermal Behavior of Headlamps in Battery Electric Vehicles – An Experimental Study2026-26-01311/16/2026
Automotive headlamps in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are exposed to a wide range of environmental and operational conditions that influence their thermal behaviour. Factors such as solar radiation, ambient temperature, lighting features, and nearby heat sources can significantly impact headlamp temperatures, potentially leading to issues like condensation, material degradation, and reduced optical performance. Accurate thermal modelling using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is essential during the design phase, but its effectiveness depends heavily on the fidelity of boundary conditions, which are often based on internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle data. This study investigates the thermal behaviour of BEV headlamps under real-world conditions, focusing on parking and charging scenarios. Temperature measurements were taken at various locations on the lens and housing of a Jaguar I-Pace using thermocouples. The results show that lighting features, particularly the high beam
Nangunuri, Vishnu Teja, Kapadia, Vatsal, Kovacs, Gabor, Ahmad, Waqas
Effect of Correlated Colour Temperature of Automotive LED Headlamps on Visibility and Safety2026-26-01301/16/2026
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) of automotive LED headlamps on driver’s visibility and comfort during night driving. The experiment was conducted on different headlamps having different correlated colour temperatures ranging from 5000K to 6500K in laboratory. Further study was conducted involving participants of different age group and genders for understanding their perception to identify objects when observed in light of different LED headlamps with different CCTs. Studies have shown that both Correlated Colour Temperature and illumination level affect driver’s alertness and performance. Further study required on headlamps with automatically varying CCT to get better solution on driver’s visibility and safety.
Patil, Mahendra G., Kirve, Jyoti, Parlikar, Padmakumar
Electroluminescent Coating Systems for Heavy-Duty Trucks: Advancing Safety and Sustainability through Smart Surface Technology2026-26-02751/16/2026
As the transportation industry pivots towards safer and more sustainable mobility solutions, the role of advanced surface technologies is becoming increasingly critical. This paper presents a novel application of electroluminescent (EL) coating systems in heavy-duty trucks, exploring their potential to enhance vehicular safety and reduce environmental impact through lightweight, energy-efficient lighting integration. Electroluminescent coatings, capable of emitting light uniformly across painted surfaces when electrically activated, offer a transformative alternative to conventional external lighting and reflective materials. In the context of heavy-duty trucks, these systems can significantly improve visibility under low-light and adverse weather conditions, thereby reducing the risk of road accidents. Furthermore, the uniform illumination achieved without bulky fixtures contributes to aerodynamic efficiency, supporting fuel economy and reducing carbon emissions. use of this coating
Harel, Samarth Dattatraya, Borse, Manoj, L, Kavya
Transforming Headlamp Compliance Testing Through AI-Powered Predictive Modelling2026-26-06601/16/2026
As automotive headlamp serves Active Safety functions, it must comply the functional and performance requirements as per regulatory standards across various geographies like AIS (Automotive India Standards), FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards), ECE (Economic Commission of Europe) etc. The process of validating headlamp levelling compliance as per regulatory standards involves physical testing with various vehicle loading conditions. This traditional method is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and consumes significant resources. There is a need for a predictive solution that can simulate and validate headlamp levelling tests virtually, thereby reducing dependency on physical trials. Headlamp levelling compliance is a critical regulatory requirement to ensure optimal visibility and safety under varying vehicle loading conditions. This paper presents an Artificial Intelligence and machine learning-based (AI/ML) solution to simulate headlamp levelling tests virtually/digitally by
Mandloi, Prince, Joshi, Vivek S., GHANWAT, HEMANT, Ugale, Anand, Munda, Rohit, GHAN, PRAVIN
Aircraft Position LightsAS271B (Current)1/6/2026
This specification covers three types of aircraft position lights.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Automated Driving System (ADS) Marker LampJ3134_202512 (Current)12/1/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice provides guidelines for the use, performance, installation, activation, and switching of marking lamps on Automated Driving System (ADS) equipped vehicles.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Semiautomatic Headlamp Beam Switching DevicesJ565_202511 (Current)11/13/2025
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, performance requirements, and guidelines for semiautomatic headlamp beam switching (SHBSD) devices.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
AI/ML Based Audio Classification and Transcription for Automotive and Off-Highway Systems2025-28-032311/6/2025
Modern automotive systems generate a wide range of audio-based signals, such as indicator chimes, turn signals, infotainment system audio, navigation prompts, and warning alerts, to facilitate communication between the vehicle and its occupants. Accurate Classification and transcription of this audio is important for refining driver aid systems, safety features, and infotainment automation. This paper introduces an AI/ML-powered technique for audio classification and transcription in automotive environments. The proposed solution employs a hybrid deep learning architecture that leverages convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), trained using labeled audio samples. Moreover, an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model is integrated for transcribing spoken navigation prompts and commands from infotainment systems. The proposed system delivers reliable results in real-time audio classification and transcription, facilitating better automation and
Singh, Shwetha, Kamble, Amit, Mohanty, Ananta, Kalidas, Sateesh
Minimum Performance Standard for Anticollision Light SystemsAS8017D (Current)9/25/2025
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes minimum performance standards for new equipment anticollision light systems. This Aerospace Standard defines minimum light intensity in terms of "effective intensity" as defined in paragraph 3.5 of this standard and specified vertical and horizontal directions about the longitudinal and vertical axis of the airplane. It will also define flash rate and color for the anticollision light system. It is not intended that this standard require the use of any particular light source such as Xenon, LED or any other specific design of lamp.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Cargo Lamp for Use on Vehicles Under 5443 kg (12000 pounds) GVWRJ1424_202509 (Current)9/25/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice provides test procedures, performance requirements, and guidelines for cargo lamps intended for use on vehicles under 5443 kg (12000 pounds) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR).
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Predicting Photometric Degradation of Exterior Aircraft LightsARP6621 (Current)9/15/2025
This Aerospace Recommended Practice provides guidance for designers and specifiers of aircraft exterior lighting. Typical causes of light degradation and methods of predicting performance degradation in the aircraft environment are given. Although the document considers only exterior lighting, many of the principles and methods discussed apply to interior or flight deck lighting as well.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Researchers Develop Self-Illuminating BiosensorTBMG-537779/1/2025
Engineers have harnessed quantum physics to detect the presence of biomolecules without the need for an external light source, overcoming a significant obstacle to the use of optical biosensors in healthcare.
15 Pole Connector Between Towing Vehicles and Trailers with 12 Volt Nominal SupplyJ2691_202507 (Current)7/21/2025
This SAE Standard establishes the minimum construction and performance requirements for a 15 pole connector between towing vehicles and trailers, for trucks, trailers, and dollies, for 12 VDC nominal applications in conjunction with SAE J2742. The connector accommodates both power and ISO 11992-1 signal circuits along with dual ground wires to accommodate grounding requirements within the constraints of the SAE J2691 terminal capacity.
Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee
Aircraft Exterior Camera Video System LightingARP8467 (Current)7/1/2025
The video systems include a camera, display, and lights. Video is the recording, reproducing, or broadcasting of moving visual images as illustrated in Figure 1. A camera video imaging system is a system composed of a camera and a monitor, as well as other components, in which the monitor provides a real-time or near real-time visual image of the scene captured by the camera. Such systems are capable of providing remote views to the pilot and can therefore be used to provide improved visibility (for example, coverage of blind spots). In general, camera video systems may be used in the pilot’s work position for purposes of improving airplane and corresponding environmental visibility. Examples of aircraft video system applications include: Ground maneuver or taxi camera system Flight deck entry video surveillance system Cargo loading and unloading Cargo compartment livestock monitoring Monitoring systems that are used to track the external, internal, and security functions of an
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Test Methods and Equipment for Lighting Devices for Use on Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in Overall WidthJ575_202505 (Current)5/3/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This document provides standardized laboratory tests, test methods and equipment, and requirements for lighting devices covered by SAE Recommended Practices and Standards. It is intended for devices used on vehicles less than 2032 mm in width. Tests for vehicles larger than 2032 mm in overall width are covered in SAE J2139. Device-specific tests and requirements can be found in applicable SAE Technical Reports.
Test Methods and Equipment Stds Committee
Application Guidelines for Electronically Driven and/or Controlled Exterior Automotive Lighting EquipmentJ2357_202505 (Current)5/3/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This document establishes performance requirements, design requirements, and design guidelines for electronic devices.
Test Methods and Equipment Stds Committee
LED Signal and Marking Lighting DevicesJ1889_202504 (Current)4/14/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to functions of motor vehicle signaling and marking lighting devices which use light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources. This report provides test methods, requirements, and guidelines applicable to the special characteristics of LED lighting devices. This SAE Recommended Practice is in addition to those required for devices designed with incandescent light sources. This report is intended to be a guide to standard practice and is subject to change to reflect additional experience and technical advances.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Study on the Improvement of Pedestrian and Vehicle Visibility by Geometric Patterns Projection Lighting2025-01-86634/1/2025
The proportion of pedestrian fatalities due to traffic accidents is higher at night than during the day. Drivers can more easily recognize pedestrians by setting their headlights to high beam, but use of high beam poses the issue of increasing glare for pedestrians. This study proposes a lighting technology that increases the noticeability of pedestrians for drivers and the noticeability of approaching vehicles for pedestrians while at the same time helping to reduce glare for pedestrians. The newly designed lighting enables geometric patterns projection lighting that makes use of projection technology. This geometric pattern projection lighting was compared with conventional low beam and high beam headlights to verify the effectiveness. Tests were conducted on a closed course with the participation of 20 drivers to evaluate the functionality of each headlight type. In these tests, subjects performed specific tasks such as evaluation of pedestrian visibility from the driver’s point of
Kawamura, Kazuyuki, Oshida, Kei
A Survey of Vehicle Forward Lighting System Mounting Height and Driver Eye Height2025-01-86624/1/2025
Headlight glare remains a persistent problem to the U.S. driving public. Over the past 30 years, vehicle forward lighting and signaling systems have evolved dramatically in terms of styling and lighting technologies used. Importantly, vehicles driven in the U.S. have increased in size during this time as the proportion of pickup trucks and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) has increased relative to passenger sedans and other lower-height vehicles. Accordingly, estimates of typical driver eye height and the height of lighting and signaling equipment on vehicles from one or two decades ago are unlikely to represent the characteristics of current vehicles in the U.S. automotive market. In the present study we surveyed the most popular vehicles sold in the U.S. and carried out evaluations of the heights of lighting and signaling systems, as well as typical driver eye heights based on male and female drivers. These data may be of use to those interested in understanding how exposure to vehicle
Bullough, John D.
Lighting Identification CodeJ759_202503 (Current)3/25/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice provides the lighting function identification codes for use on all passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, motorcycles, and emergency vehicles.
Lighting Standard Practices Committee
Tests for Signal and Marking Devices Used on Vehicles 2032 mm or More in Overall WidthJ2139_202503 (Current)3/5/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice provides standardized laboratory tests, test methods, and performance requirements applicable to signal and marking devices used on vehicles 2032 mm or more in overall width.
Heavy Duty Lighting Standards Committee
Effects of Emergency Vehicle Warning Lighting System Characteristics on Driver Perception and Behavior09-13-01-00032/28/2025
Secondary crashes, including struck-by incidents are a leading cause of line-of-duty deaths among emergency responders, such as firefighters, law enforcement officers, and emergency medical service providers. The introduction of light-emitting diode (LED) sources and advanced lighting control systems provides a wide range of options for emergency lighting configurations. This study investigated the impact of lighting color, intensity, modulation, and flash rate on driver behavior while traversing a traffic incident scene at night. The impact of retroreflective chevron markings in combination with lighting configurations, as well as the measurement of “moth-to-flame” effects of emergency lighting on drivers was also investigated. This human factors study recruited volunteers to drive a closed course traffic incident scene, at night under various experimental conditions. The simulated traffic incident was designed to replicate a fire apparatus in the center-block position. The incident
Bullough, John D., Parr, Scott, Hiebner, Emily, Sblendorio, Alec
Parking Lamp (Front Position Lamp)J222_202501 (Current)1/21/2025
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for a parking lamp.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
Landing and Taxiing Lights - Design Criteria for InstallationARP693F (Current)1/21/2025
This document includes requirements of installations of adequate landing and taxiing lighting systems in aircraft of the following categories: a Single engine personal and/or liaison type b Light twin engine c Large multiengine propeller d Large multiengine turbojet/turbofan e Military high-performance fighter and attack f Helicopter This document will cover general requirements and recommended practices for all types of landing and taxi lights. More specific recommendations for LED lights in particular can be found in ARP6402.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Design and Development of Steering based Adaptive Headlight System2024-28-027212/5/2024
Driving at night presents a myriad of challenges, with one of the most significant being visibility, especially on curved roads. Despite the fact that only a quarter of driving occurs at night, research indicates that over half of driving accidents happen during this period. This alarming statistic underscores the urgent need for improved illumination solutions, particularly on curved roads, to enhance driver visibility and consequently, safety. Conventional headlamp systems, while effective in many scenarios, often fall short in adequately illuminating curved roads, thereby exacerbating the risk of accidents during nighttime driving. In response to this critical issue, considerable efforts have been directed towards the development of alternative technologies, chief among them being Adaptive Front Lighting Systems (AFS). The primary objective of this endeavor is to design and construct a prototype AFS that can seamlessly integrate into existing fixed headlamp systems. Throughout the
T, Karthi, G, Manikandan, P C, Murugan, S, Sakthivel, N, Vinu, P, Dineshkumar
Enhancing Bumper & Headlamp Durability: Lightweight Bumper Design with Optimized Resonance Frequency2024-28-023812/5/2024
In the realm of commercial vehicle design, enhancing the durability of bumpers and headlamps is paramount for ensuring safety and reducing maintenance costs. This study explores the development of a lightweight bumper design with optimized resonance frequency to improve the durability of these critical components. The research focuses on innovative design techniques to achieve a balance between weight reduction and structural integrity. The primary objective is to minimize the impact forces transmitted to the bumper and headlamp assemblies during vibrations. By employing finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental validation, the study identifies the optimal resonance frequency that mitigates the risk of resonance-induced damage. Additionally, the study examines the influence of geometric modifications on the bumper’s performance. Various design iterations are analyzed to determine the most effective configuration for enhancing durability while maintaining compliance with industry
Pandey, Sudheer, Ganesan, Balaji
Sensata's sensors aid blind spot monitoring for tractor-trailers24TOFHP12_0812/1/2024
Sensata Technologies' booth at this year's IAA Transportation tradeshow included two of the company's Precor radar sensors. The PreView STA79 is a heavy-duty vehicle side-monitoring system launched in May 2024 and designed to comply with Europe-wide blind spot monitoring legislation introduced in June 2024. The PreView Sentry 79 is a front- and rear-monitoring system. Both systems operate on the 79-GHz band as the nomenclature suggests. PreView STA79 can cover up to three vehicle zones: a configurable center zone, which can monitor the length of the vehicle, and two further zones that can be independently set to align with individual customer needs. The system offers a 180-degree field of view to eliminate blind spots along the vehicle sides and a built-in measurement unit that will increase the alert level when turning toward an object even when the turn indicator is not used. The system also features trailer mitigation to reduce false positive alerts on the trailer when turning. The
Kendall, John
Design and Maintenance Considerations for Aircraft Exterior Lighting Plastic LensesARP5637A (Current)11/21/2024
The information in this document is intended to apply to commercial jet transport category airplanes that incorporate plastic (polycarbonate or acrylic) lenses on exterior light assemblies, or are being considered for such an application as opposed to glass lens designs. Exterior lighting applications include position light assemblies, anticollision light asemblies, and landing light assemblies. However, much of the material provided herein is general in nature and is directly applicable to many aircraft categories including, but not limited to, helicopters, general aviation aircraft, and military aircraft.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Clearance, Sidemarker, and Identification Lamps for On-Road Vehicles 2032 mm or More in Overall WidthJ2042_202411 (Current)11/21/2024
This SAE Standard provides requirements, test procedures, and installation guidelines for clearance, sidemarker, and identification lamps intended for use on vehicles 2032 mm or more in overall width. Sidemarker lamps conforming to the requirements of this document may also be used on vehicles less than 2032 mm in overall width.
Heavy Duty Lighting Standards Committee
Some Factors Affecting Visibility of Aircraft Navigation and Anticollision LightsAIR1106B (Current)11/21/2024
The scope of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to discuss factors affecting visibility of aircraft navigation and anticollision lights, enabling those concerned with their use to have a better technical understanding of such factors, and to aid in exercising appropriate judgment in the many possible flight eventualities.
A-20B Exterior Lighting Committee
Motorcycle Turn Signal LampJ131_202411 (Historical)11/6/2024
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for motorcycle turn signal lamps. It does not apply to mopeds.
Motorcycle Lighting Standards Committee
Limited Adaptive Forward Lighting SystemJ2591_202410 (Current)10/22/2024
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to motor vehicle Forward Illumination Devices which incorporate limited adaptive beam pattern capabilities. This document is to be used in conjunction with other forward lighting standards and/or recommended practices which define the base beam procedures, requirements, and guidelines.
Road Illumination Devices Standards Committee
Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy Study of Cr(III) Sealing in Anodized Aluminum-Silicon Alloys2024-01-30389/8/2024
The work investigates the penetration depth of a low environmental impact Cr(III)-based sealing on two anodized Aluminum-Silicon alloys (i.e., EN AC-42200 and EN AC-43200) for brake system applications. EN AC-42200 and EN AC-43200 specimens are: 1) obtained by sectioning of gravity cast components; 2) anodized using different process times to obtain different anodic layer thicknesses; and 3) sealed in a Cr(III)-based proprietary sealing solution at low temperature. The obtained sealed anodic layers are characterized using several techniques including: Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES), metallographic analyses and Eddy current thickness measurements. Results demonstrate that: a) the Cr(III) concentration within the anodic layers shows an exponentially decreasing trend from the specimen surface toward the anodic layer-substrate interface; b) the typical thickness of the sealing layer is in the order of 1.5μm; and c) the Cr(III) penetration depth is only marginally
Pavesi, Arianna, Fumagalli, Luca, Abello, Mary Angel, Bonfanti, Andrea, Mancini, Alessandro, Vedani, Maurizio, Bertasi, Federico
PRODUCT BRIEFS24AUTP08_138/1/2024
Lighting and Marking of Industrial Equipment on HighwaysJ99_202406 (Current)6/13/2024
To provide specifications for lighting and marking of industrial wheeled equipment whenever such equipment is operated or traveling on a highway.
OPTC3, Lighting and Sound Committee
Test Methods and Equipment for Lighting Devices for Use on Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in Overall WidthJ575_202406 (Historical)6/10/2024
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This document provides standardized laboratory tests, test methods and equipment, and requirements for lighting devices covered by SAE Recommended Practices and Standards. It is intended for devices used on vehicles less than 2032 mm in width. Tests for vehicles larger than 2032 mm in overall width are covered in SAE J2139. Device specific tests and requirements can be found in applicable SAE technical reports.
Test Methods and Equipment Stds Committee
PRODUCT BRIEFS24AUTP06_136/1/2024
Stop Lamp for Use on Motor Vehicles Less than, Equal to, or Greater than 2032 mm in Overall WidthJ586_202405 (Current)5/24/2024
This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for stop lamps intended for use on vehicles of less than, equal to, or greater than 2032 mm in overall width.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
LED Light Sources Tests and Requirements StandardJ2938_202405 (Current)5/16/2024
This SAE Recommended Practice provides the methods of measurements for electrical and photometric characteristics of LED packages. It provides procedures, requirements, and guidelines for the methods of the measurement of luminous flux and color maintenance of LED devices (packages, arrays, and modules) for ground vehicle lighting applications.
Lighting Standard Practices Committee
Lighting and Visual Information for Vulnerable Road User (VRU) Safety: An Introductory ReviewVRUSC-002-20245/3/2024
Injuries and fatalities among pedestrians, cyclists, scooterists, highway road workers, and safety and emergency personnel—often referred to as vulnerable road users (VRUs)—continue to rise at alarming rates worldwide. Emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced safety measures, this study, commissioned by the Vulnerable Road User Safety Consortium™ (VRUSC) and conducted by the Light and Health Research Center at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, evaluates the potential effectiveness of lighting and visual information systems in improving VRU safety. The white paper presents a synthesis of published research on lighting and markings from the perspective of both human drivers and machine vision systems. It identifies potential preliminary guidelines for the intensity, color, temporal, and spatial characteristics of lighting and visual information that can help prevent crashes involving VRUs. The study also highlights knowledge gaps that require further research, including the
Vulnerable Road Users Safety Consortium
Lighting and Marking of Earthmoving Work MachinesJ1029_202405 (Current)5/1/2024
This SAE Standard establishes minimum requirements for lighting and marking earthmoving work machinery as defined in SAE J1116. It may be used as guidance for other types of machinery. Earthmoving work machines are normally operated off-highway. Therefore, this SAE document is not intended to be used as a basis for regulations by those having authority over on-highway motor vehicles.
OPTC3, Lighting and Sound Committee
Performance of Headlights Fitted with LED Replacement Bulbs2024-01-22304/9/2024
To ensure adequate visibility without excessive glare, vehicle headlights are designed to use a specific source of illumination. The optical designs of headlights gather the luminous flux produced by the light source to produce a useful beam pattern that meets the relevant requirements and standards for vehicle forward lighting. With the advent of solid state, light emitting diode sources for general illumination, an increasing number of LED replacement headlight bulb products has emerged over the past decade. In most cases, these LED replacement bulbs are not permitted for legal use on public roadways, but some countries have begun to permit specific LED replacement bulbs to be used legally on the road for specific makes, models and production years of certain vehicles. If they can be demonstrated to produce a beam pattern that meets the photometric requirements for a legal headlight, they are permitted to be used legally for on-road use. In the present paper we present photometric
Bullough, John D., Skinner, Nicholas P.
Advanced Development of e-HMI Road Content Projection Headlamp2024-01-22324/9/2024
Recently, with the advancement of autonomous driving technology, the function of external lamps has been changed. Previously, the focus was on the visibility of drivers, but with the advancement of autonomous driving technology, the concept of autonomous driving systems has been developed. Accordingly, the trend of automotive lamp lighting systems has been developed in terms of design, e-HMI (exterior-human machine interface), It is developing in accordance with three major fields such as sensor connection. Therefore, this paper will cover the prior development of road content projection headlamps that enable e-HMI implementation to reflect these new trends. Since the technology is mass-produced and sold by several manufacturers, our company also needs to quickly develop and apply the technology in advance. Only four types of symbols are allowed in European law. Although it is still impossible for the symbols to be guided in the direction of progress, it is expected that they will be
Kim, Hyeong Seon
Responses to Flashing Warning Lights and Colors of Service Vehicles2024-01-22294/9/2024
Flashing warning lights and vehicle markings of various colors are used on a wide range of emergency and other service vehicles to help inform drivers about the presence of these vehicles and the types of situations that drivers are approaching. Although not applied consistently among all jurisdictions, the colors and performance of these visual elements are often selected to help communicate the type of scenario (such as red flashing lights to indicate an emergency vehicle, or yellow flashing lights to indicate a non-emergency service vehicle). Previous investigations have shown that flashing light colors, vehicle and marking colors, and flashing temporal characteristics (e.g., rapid versus slower flashing) can all affect a driver’s perception of whether a vehicle along the road is responding to an emergency situation or not. Building on previous research, a laboratory study was carried out to investigate how drivers perceive scale-model roadway scenarios including different numbers
Bullough, John D., Skinner, Nicholas P., Rea, Mark S.
Effects of Traffic Control Device and Hazard Location on Fixations During Intersection Navigation: A Simulator Study2024-01-24654/9/2024
Collisions resulting in injuries or fatalities occur more frequently at intersections. This is partly because safe navigation of intersections requires drivers to accurately observe and respond to other road users with conflicting paths. Previous studies have raised questions about how traffic control devices and the positioning of other road users might affect drivers' visual search strategies when navigating intersections. To address these questions, four left-turn-across-path (LTAP) scenarios were created by combining two types of traffic control devices (stop signs and traffic lights) with two hazard starting locations (central and peripheral). Seventy-four licensed drivers responded to all scenarios in a counterbalanced order using a full vehicle driving simulator. Eye-tracking glasses were used to monitor eye movements, both before and after hazard onset. The results revealed that drivers at the signalized intersections took longer to fixate the LTAP hazard before onset, spent
Caren, Brooklin, Ziraldo, Erika, Oliver, Michele
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