Browse Topic: Windows and windshields

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An Outer Waist Seal with Integrated Glass Wiping Mechanism for a Window Frame of a Vehicle2026-26-0011To be published on 01/16/2026
This innovation addresses a major safety concern where drivers experience poor visibility of the Outside Rear View Mirror due to rain, fog, dust, or ice accumulation on the side door window glass. Existing solutions like hydrophobic coatings and heated door window glasses offer limited effectiveness, leading to the need for a more reliable and efficient system. To solve this issue, we have modified Outer Waist Seal by integrating Glass Wiping Mechanism in it. The Outer Waist Seal is a weatherproof strip located at the bottom edge of a vehicle’s side window, attached to the door panel. It prevents heavy water flow, dust, and debris from entering the door cavity while also supporting the window glass during its movement. This system features a stationary fixed arm and a rotating arm with an attached wiper blade, driven by a low-speed, high-torque motor and connected with the vehicle's Body Control Module. Upon activation, the rotating arm with blade wipes the Outside Rear View Mirror
Neelam, Rajat, Chowdhury, Ashok, Panchal, Girish, Kumar, Saurav
Wireless Mobile charger Packaging in Pecuilar Rear Door Trim Profile.2026-26-0270To be published on 01/16/2026
Abstract A mobile wireless charger is a device that charge a smartphone or other compatible gadgets without the need for physical cables. Principle of wireless mobile charger system based on inductive coupling phenomena. The main objective of this paper aims to address the challenge of packaging wireless mobile charger in peculiar door trim profile keeping overall functionality and aesthetic appearance of door trim intact. This paper deals with integration of a wireless charging system within the door trim of a vehicle to provide convenience and advanced functionality. The objective is to pack a wireless charger in door trim meeting the ergonomic target and equilibrium state stability while maintaining sleek and minimalist design of the door trim. The study focuses on innovative packaging solutions related to space optimization in door despite multiple challenges involved. Major challenge lies in packing the unit amidst complex mechanisms such as window regulators, speakers, structural
palyal, Nikita, D, GOWTHAM, BHASKARARAO, PATHIVADA, Kumarasamy, Raj Ganesh, bornare, harshad
Ambient Light Reflection Analysis using Dimensional Modelling Tools2026-26-0476To be published on 01/16/2026
The primary motivation is to improve driver safety and visual comfort. This is driven by the need to address the negative impact of ambient light reflecting off Head-Up Displays (HUDs), which can impair visibility through the windshield. There is a need for tools and methods to address this issue proactively during the vehicle design phase. Ambient light reflecting off internal components, specifically the Head-Up Display (HUD), creates unwanted reflections on the windshield. These reflections can obscure the driver's field of view, potentially compromising safety and reducing visual comfort. The extent of this obscuration is influenced by geometrical factors such as the angle of the HUD and the curvature of the windshield, which needs to be analyzed and managed. The study employs a tool-based modeling methodology to trace the pathways of ambient light from its source, reflecting off the HUD, and onto the windshield using a dimensional modeling tool. It focuses on geometrical factors
Muchchandi, Vinod, AKULA, SATYA JAYANTH, Mahindrakar, Pramod, G S, Sharath
OPTIMIZER SUNSHADE PACKAGING WITH HALF ALUMINIUM CASSET AND METAL PULL BAR2026-26-0597To be published on 01/16/2026
The automotive industry is advancing rapidly with the integration of cutting-edge technology, aesthetics, and performance. One area that has remained relatively underexplored in the pursuit of sleek, minimalistic interiors is the Sunshade packaging in door trim system. Traditional sunshade design, often bulky and are increasingly incompatible with the trend towards compact. Car sunshade is a shield that is placed on a car side window, and it is used for regulating the amount of light entering from the car window and improves the passenger comfort inside the cabin. Car Interior components specifically plastic and seats based on thermal stress properties. When we exposed these parts direct contact with sunlight, humidity and ambient temperature above threshold limit then interior plastic parts can start softening and melt after that they emit harmful chemical which is caused to anemia and poor immune systems. So, Sunshade protection not only serve to protect passenger comfort inside car
palyal, Nikita, D, GOWTHAM, BHASKARARAO, PATHIVADA, bornare, harshad, RITESH, KAKADE
Multi-Objective Optimization-Based Vehicle-Cargo Matching and Route Collaborative Decision Modeling2025-99-011911/11/2025
Aiming at the problem of efficiency loss caused by the independent optimization of traditional vehicle - cargo matching and route planning, this paper proposes a spatio - temporal collaborative optimization model. By constructing three - dimensional decision variables to describe the “vehicle - cargo - route” mapping relationship, a multi - objective mixed - integer programming model considering transportation costs, time - window constraints, and carbon emissions is established. An improved NSGA - II algorithm is designed to solve the Pareto optimal solution set, and the TOPSIS method is combined to achieve scheme optimization. Experiments show that the collaborative optimization model reduces the comprehensive cost by an average of 12.7% and the vehicle empty - running rate by 18.4% compared with the traditional two - stage method.
Yang, Meiru, Liu, Jian
Research on Irregular ITS-Assisted Covert Communication in High-Speed Railway Environments2025-99-014111/11/2025
To address the high security demands of HSR communication, this letter proposes a covert communication scheme using irregular intelligent transparent surfaces (ITSs) deployed on train windows. A joint optimization framework is developed to enhance covert rate under element constraints, involving ATS for topology design and NECE for beamforming and phase shift. Gradient descent is used to handle covert constraints. Simulations confirm that the proposed irregular ITS outperforms regular ITS in performance and robustness, offering a promising solution for future HSR covert communication.
Jia, Jingwen, Gao, Yunbo, Xie, Jianli
Study of Possibility of Deletion of Side Demister by Optimization of Nozzle Defroster Shape to Secure the Outside Rear View Mirror Visibility2025-28-038310/30/2025
Efficient clearing of frost formed on automotive side window glass during cold conditions is crucial for maintaining visibility and ensuring passenger safety. Conventional systems often employ dedicated side demisters, which increase system complexity, production costs and vehicle weight. This study explores an alternative approach to defrosting side window glass by optimizing airflow from the defroster, thus eliminating the need for separate side demisters. The Study leverages optimized airflow dynamics and strategic design of defroster to direct a portion of the air towards the side glass. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and actual Tests to analyze the airflow patterns, temperature gradients, and defrosting efficiency of this configuration. Results indicate that the front defroster airflow can effectively clear frost from the side windows, achieving comparable performance to conventional side demisters. Key design parameters, including defroster geometry and airflow
Kushwaha, Mayank, Bhangale, Shekhar, Mittal, Sachin, Kumar, Mukesh, Umbarkar, Shriganesh
Road Traffic State Classification Method Based on AutoEncoder and Clustering Algorithm2025-99-004810/17/2025
Urban road traffic state classification is essential for identifying early-stage deterioration and enabling proactive traffic management. This study presents a novel method to accurately assess the traffic state of urban roads while addressing the limitations of existing methods in spatial generalization performance. The approach consists of three key components. First, several indicators are designed to capture the spatial-temporal evolution mechanisms of traffic state, speed freedom, flow saturation, and their variations over time and space. Then, a feature learning module based on an AutoEncoder network is introduced to reduce the dimensionality of the constructed feature set. This enhances feature distinction while mitigating noise effects on classification results. Third, k-means clustering is applied to analyze significant features extracted from the AutoEncoder latent space, categorizing road traffic states into fluent, basic fluent, moderate congested and severe congested
Wang, Xiaocong, Huang, Min, Guo, Xinling, Xie, Jiemin, Zhang, Xiaolan
Mobility Reimagined: My First Decade at the Crossroads of ChangeR-57310/09/2025
In Mobility Reimagined, Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid shares an unfiltered, deeply personal account of his first decade navigating the rapidly evolving automotive and mobility sectors. From engineering labs in Malaysia and Japan, to startup scenes in Southeast Asia and Finland, to boardrooms in Europe, keynote stages in China, and virtual standardization sessions with professionals in the US, Umar traces a career shaped by curiosity, courage, and a commitment to democratizing opportunity. As a brown Southeast Asian professional rising in an industry historically shaped by Western and East Asian leadership, Umar offers more than technical insight, he opens a window into what it takes to lead across borders, disrupt legacy systems, and redefine success on his own terms. This book is part strategy guide, part industry overview, and part leadership memoir. It speaks to young professionals, especially those from underrepresented backgrounds, offering hard-won lessons on global expansion, digital
Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir
New Hybrid Powertrain Architectures for European Passenger Car Market2025-24-009709/07/2025
This study presents a comprehensive methodology for the design and optimization of hybrid electric powertrains across multiple vehicle segments and electrification levels. A full-factorial simulation framework was developed in MATLAB/Simulink, featuring a modular, physics-based vehicle model combined with a backward simulation approach and an ECMS (Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy) -based energy management algorithm. The objective is to evaluate three hybrid powertrain architectures, namely Series Hybrid (SH), Series-Parallel Hybrid with a single gear stage (SHP1), and Series-Parallel Hybrid with a double gear stage (SHP2), across three vehicle classes (Sedan, Mid-SUV, Large-SUV), four different internal combustion engines (ICEs), and three application types (HEV, PHEV, REEV). More than 10,000 unique configurations were simulated and filtered through a two-step performance requirements analysis. The first phase assessed individual vehicle-level performance targets, while
Amati, Nicola, Marello, Omar, Mancarella, Alessandro, Cavallaro, Davide, Ianni, Luca, Cascone, Claudio, Paulides, Johannes JH
Intrusion Resistance of Safety Glazing Systems for Road VehiclesJ2568_202508 (Current)08/15/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice specifies an intrusion resistance test method for glazing systems installed in motor vehicles. Intrusion resistance performance is determined not solely by the glazing but also by the glazing attachment to the vehicle and by the vehicle structure. Therefore, the glazing/attachment/vehicle structure must be tested as a single unit. This test determines intrusion resistance only. The test applies to those materials that meet the requirements for use as safety glazing materials as specified in ANSI/SAE Z26.1 or other applicable standards. The test applies to all installation locations.
Glazing Materials Standards Committee
Luminous Reflectance in Safety Glazing Materials for Road VehiclesJ2134_202507 (Current)07/07/2025
The scope of this SAE performance standard is to provide a simple, practical, and broadly applicable test procedure for appraising luminous Illuminant A reflectance of reflecting safety glazing materials for road vehicles. This SAE performance standard, which provides a simple test procedure widely used in the optics field, may be used to measure the reflectivity which films applied to safety glazing materials for road vehicles may enhance. This test procedure applies to conditions where feasibility, rather than accuracy of measurement, is of prime importance. Measurements can be made outside laboratories in a quality control environment and in similar applications, when glazings, instead of small test specimens, have to be tested.
Glazing Materials Standards Committee
Passenger Vehicle Windshield Demisting and Defrosting SystemsJ902_202506 (Current)06/17/2025
This SAE Recommend Practice establishes for passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles with GVW of 4500 kg (10000 pounds) or less, as defined by the EPA, and M1 category vehicles, as defined by the European Commission:
Interior Climate Control Vehicle OEM Committee
Sound Granular Synthesis Method for Sci-Fi Sound Quality of Electric Vehicles2025-01-025306/16/2025
Since the powertrain systems of electric vehicles (EVs) lack the traditional engine sound, their NVH performance differs from that of conventional fuel-powered vehicles, making the use of active sound design (ASD) systems increasingly common to provide compensatory sound. With the increasing demand for ASD systems, sci-fi sounds are emerging as a design direction to enhance the acoustic feedback of powertrain systems and to elevate the futuristic and immersive driving experience of vehicles. A method for generating sci-fi soundscapes using a granular synthesis algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, based on the designed sci-fi target sound characteristics, a sound grain generation method using the adaptive principal frequency technique is proposed, and the overlap-and-add (OLA) method is employed to synthesize the sound grains. Then, to enhance the sound continuity and smoothness during the sound synthesis process, a method for optimizing a composite cosine window function using a
Liu, Dezhu, Liu, Zhien, Xie, Liping, Lu, Chihua
Slate unveils bare-bones EV mini truck for under $20,00025AUTP06_0906/01/2025
The American truck market is huge. The trucks themselves are also quite large. Pickups went from workhorse machines to enormous luxury vehicles with equally large price tags. Even the Maverick, Ford's latest entry, has seen its price creep up since its debut. The antithesis of the current market is the newly unveiled Slate pickup. A small, two-door, two-seater, bare-bones electric truck that doesn't have power windows, leather interior, or even an entertainment system. It also doesn't boast an insane zero to 60 time, even though it's an EV. Instead, it flies in the face of everything that's happening in the truck market, and it might just be what many customers are looking for.
Baldwin, Roberto
Study on the Aspiration Properties of Glassrun Seal System under Time-Varying Pressure Difference2025-01-003005/05/2025
When a vehicle is driven at high speed, there exists intricate flow pattern and vortex shedding at the side window area with intense pressure fluctuation. A significant dynamic pressure difference between the vehicle's exterior and interior can render the side window sealing system vulnerable to aspiration. This susceptibility can lead to the generation of leakage noise, adversely affecting acoustic comfort in the vehicle's cabin. This paper delves into the aspiration properties of glassrun seal system under time-varying pressure difference. A nonlinear finite element model of the glassrun seal was established to simulate the quasi-static deformation of the sealing strip during installation process, which aims to obtain the deformed geometric shape and residual stress after this process. Then, the exterior flow field of the glassrun sealing area of a simplified vehicle model was calculated with CFD simulation to obtain the hydrodynamic pressure excitation acting on the outer surface of
Li, Hanqi, He, Yinzhi, Zhang, Lijun, Zhang, Yongfeng, Yu, Wuzhou, Jiang, Zaixiu, Blumrich, Reinhard, Wiedemann, Jochen
Making Transparent Solar Cells ManufacturableTBMG-5304205/01/2025
Traditional silicon-based solar cells are completely opaque, which works for solar farms and roofs but would defeat the purpose of windows. However, organic solar cells, in which the light absorber is a kind of plastic, can be transparent.
Research on the Influence of Door and Window Sealing on Interior Wind Noise Based on Statistical Energy Analysis10-09-03-002604/24/2025
Wind noise is an important indicator for evaluating cabin comfort, and it is essential to accurately predict the wind noise inside the vehicle. In the early stage of automotive design, since the geometry and properties of the sealing strip are often unknown, the contribution of the sealing strip to the wind noise is often directly ignored, which makes the wind noise obtained through simulation in the pre-design stage to be lower than the real value. To investigate the effect of each seal on wind noise, an SUV model was used to simulate the cases of not adding body seals, adding window seals, and further adding door seals, respectively. The contribution of each seal to wind noise was obtained and verified by comparing it with the test results. The influence of the cavity formed at the door seal was also addressed. In the simulations, a CFD solver based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was used to solve the external flow field, and the noise transmitted into the interior of the
Zhang, Yingchao, He, Tengsheng, Wang, Yuqi, Niu, Jiqiang, Zhang, Zhe, Shen, Chun, Zhang, Chengchun
Development of Higher Clarity Injection Molded Windscreen for Motorcycles2024-32-004004/18/2025
The windscreen is one of the key elements to enhance passenger comfort of touring motorcycle. The clarity through the windscreen should not discomfort the rider. The discomfort we discuss here mainly refers to three factors: the “distortion,” the “blur,” and the “transparency.” Introduced in this paper is the technical measures to achieve sufficient clarity by the injection molding method. Firstly, with respect to the “distortion,” we determined the main cause was local unevenness of plate thickness. As the uneven thickness were related to the accuracy of the die, we clarified the tolerable zone and carried out higher precision machining of the die to satisfy the requirements. Regarding the “blur,” we analyzed the refractive power of the windscreen and found the main cause of blur is the microscopic roughness on the surface. As the microscopic roughness were attributable to the die surface, we clarified the tolerable zone and established the polishing conditions satisfactory for the
Yamada, Atsushi, Endo, Sakae
Development of Ceramic Humidity Regulator (CHR) Using Honeycomb Type PTC Heater to Improve Electric Vehicle Driving Range in Winter2025-01-817704/01/2025
With Rapid growth of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the market challenges such as driving range, charging infrastructure, and reducing charging time needs to be addressed. Unlike traditional Internal combustion vehicles, EVs have limited heating sources and primarily uses electricity from the running battery, which reduces driving range. Additionally, during winter operation, it is necessary to prevent window fogging to ensure better visibility, which requires introducing cold outside air into the cabin. This significantly increases the energy consumption for heating and the driving range can be reduced to half of the normal range. This study introduces the Ceramic Humidity Regulator (CHR), a compact and energy-efficient device developed to address driving range improvement. The CHR uses a desiccant system to dehumidify the cabin, which can prevent window fogging without introducing cold outside air, thereby reducing heating energy consumption. A desiccant system typically consists of two
Hamada, Takafumi, Shinoda, Narimasa, Konno, Yoshiki, Ihara, Yukio, Ito, Masaki
A Study on Reconstructing in-Cylinder Combustion Images Based on Local Images2025-01-838104/01/2025
The current leading experimental platform for engine visualization research is the optical engine, which features transparent window components classified into two types: partially visible windows and fully visible windows. Due to structural limitations, fully visible windows cannot be employed under certain complex or extreme operating conditions, leading to the acquisition of only local in-cylinder combustion images and resulting in information loss. This study introduces a method for reconstructing in-cylinder combustion images from local images using deep learning techniques. The experiments were conducted using an optical engine specifically designed for spark-ignition combustion modes, capturing in-cylinder flame images under various conditions with high-speed cameras. The primary focus was on reconstructing the flame edge, with in-cylinder combustion images categorized into three types: images where the flame edge is fully within the partially visible window, partly within the
Wang, Mianheng, Zhang, Yixiao, Du, Haoyu, Xiao, Ma, Mao, Jianshu, Fang, Yuwen
Investigation of Skin Friction Topology on the AeroSUV Using GLOF Meter2025-01-878204/01/2025
In this study, the aerodynamics and surface flow field of a 1/5 scale SUV vehicle model called “AeroSUV” were experimentally investigated. The aerodynamics and surface flow field investigations were carried out in the wind tunnel at Hiroshima University with a Reynolds number ReL = 1.2×106, baseline yaw angle β = 0° and crosswind conditions β = 5°, 10° and 15° for two rear ends, Estateback and Fastback. The results provide aerodynamic information and detailed surface flow field information for a standard middle-class SUV vehicle with different rear ends, which is important for automotive design. By applying GLOF measurements to automotive aerodynamics, the skin friction topology was revealed in detail as surface flow field information that is useful for understanding the physics of the flow. The skin friction topology clearly shows the separation lines, reattachment lines, and focus points associated with the separation flow, longitudinal vortices and recirculation vortices of this
Hijikuro, Masato, Shimizu, Keigo, Nakashima, Takuji, Hiraoka, Takenori
Automated Analysis and Cleaning of Manufacturing Data: The Power of Automation Playbooks2025-01-833204/01/2025
High-efficiency manufacturing involves the transmission of copious amounts of data, exemplified both by trends in the automotive industry and advances in technology. In the automotive industry, products have been growing increasingly complex, owing to multiple SKUs, global supply chains and the involvement of many tier 2 / Just-In Time (JIT) suppliers. On top of that, recalls and incidents in recent years have made it important for OEMs to be able to track down affected vehicles based on their components. All of this has increased the need for OEMs to be able to collect and analyze component data. The advent of Industry 4.0 and IoT has provided manufacturing with the ability to efficiently collect and store large amounts of data, lining up with the needs of manufacturing-based industries. However, while the needs to collect data have been met, corporations now find themselves facing the need to make sense of the data to provide the insights they need, and the data is often unstructured
Jan, Jonathan, Preston, Joshua, Juncker, John
Headliner Design Considerations to Meet Safety and Regulations2025-01-824504/01/2025
Headliners are one of the largest components inside an automobile, stretching from the front windshield to the rear windshield. Besides its aesthetic purpose, it contributes to multiple other purposes like housing different components, helps in NVH, defines the interior roominess, and plays a crucial role in defining the deployment of curtain airbag. The headliner also plays a role in meeting regulatory requirements like upward visibility and headroom requirements of the occupants. During the deployment of curtain airbag, it is important that the headliner-pillar interface aids in the easy opening of airbag, with the least hindrance. This is defined by multiple factors like the location of headliner-pillar interface, its distance from the airbag ramp bracket, the position of the inflator, the mountings of the headliner and pillar trims, to name a few. Also, during the deployment of the airbag, it is important that parts such as grabhandle, speaker grilles, etc which are fitted on the
Sabesan, Arvind Kochi, D., Anantha, Kakani, Phani Kumar
Integrated Bracket Design Optimizations to Resolve Issues in Vehicle Prototype Stage2025-01-861404/01/2025
The integrated bracket is a plastic part that packages functional components such as the ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) camera, rain light sensor, and the mounting provisions of the auto-dimming IRVM (Inner Rear View Mirror). This part is fixed on the windshield of an automobile using double-sided adhesive tapes and glue. ADAS, rain light sensors, and auto-dimming IRVM play an important part in the safety of the driver and everyone present in the automobile. This makes proper functioning of the integrated bracket very integral to occupant safety. Prior to this work, the following literature; Integrated Bracket for Rain Light Sensor/ADAS/Auto-Dimming IRVM with provision of mounting for Aesthetic Cover [1] outlines the design considerations and advantages of mounting several components on the same bracket. It follows the theme where the authors first define the components packaged on the integrated bracket and then the advantages of packaging multiple components on a single
Chandravanshi, Priyansh, Dharmatti, Girish
An Enhanced Approach for Improving Waterborne Positioning Accuracy Utilizing Multi-Epoch Elevation Constraints in Mobile RTK2025-01-715603/19/2025
The rapid advancement of inland waterway transport has led to safety concerns, while real-time high-precision positioning in maritime contexts is essential for enhancing navigation efficiency and safety. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a method for enhancing the accuracy of maritime Real - Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning using smartphones based on multi-epoch elevation constraints. Firstly, the elevation characteristics of smartphones in a maritime context were analyzed. Subsequently, exploiting the feature of gradual elevation variations when vessels navigate inland rivers, an appropriate sliding window was established to construct elevation constraint values, which were then integrated into the observation equations for filtering computations to boost positioning accuracy. Finally, synchronous observations were carried out using smartphones and geodetic receivers to compare and analyze the positioning accuracy before and after the addition of the elevation constraints
Wumaier, Diliyaer, Yu, Xianwen, Mu, Hongbo
Standard for Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating on Land Highways - Supplemental Information - Memorialized Development MaterialsJ3097/1_202503 (Current)03/10/2025
Historical materials, task force mission statement, task force organizational documents, discussion documents, comparison tables, spreadsheets, government interpretations and announcements, standards organization correspondence, industry interpretations, international standards, task force proposals, material references, trade association statements, equipment manufacturer reviews, and other task-force-developed documents that were inspected, reviewed, referenced, or used in development of SAE J3097/ANSI Z26.1.
Glazing Materials Standards Committee
Windshield Defrosting Systems Test Procedure and Performance Requirements - Trucks, Buses, and Multipurpose VehiclesJ381_202502 (Current)02/25/2025
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform test procedures and performance requirements for the defrosting system of enclosed cab trucks, buses, and multipurpose vehicles. It is limited to a test that can be conducted on uniform test equipment in commercially available laboratory facilities. For laboratory evaluation of defroster systems, current engineering practice prescribes that an ice coating of known thickness be applied to the windshield and left- and right-hand side windows to provide more uniform and repeatable test results, even though - under actual conditions - such a coating would necessarily be scraped off before driving. The test condition, therefore, represents a more severe condition than the actual condition, where the defroster system must merely be capable of maintaining a cleared viewing area. Because of the special nature of the operation of most of these vehicles (where vehicles are generally kept in a garage or warmed up before driving), and since
Truck and Bus Windshield Wipers and Climate Control Comm
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Launching Human Space Travel with a Luxury Balloon1349801/23/2025
Imagine a six-hour journey to outer space that includes a world-class meal, cocktail service, Wi-Fi, and unprecedented views of Earth. This experience could soon become reality. Space Perspective, the world's first carbon-neutral spaceflight experience company, is commercializing space travel with Spaceship Neptune, a pressurized capsule propelled by a giant SpaceBalloon(TM). The experience is designed to be gentle and accessible with no rockets, weightlessness, heavy g-forces, or training required. Alongside world-class meal and cocktail service, space travelers will also enjoy views through the largest windows ever flown to space, Wi-Fi, and a proper restroom. To learn more, we sat down with Taber MacCallum, Founder and Chief Technology Officer, Space Perspective, to discuss the technical development of the SpaceBalloon(TM) and how the company is unlocking the market for space travel in a new and innovative way. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for
Hineman, Marcie
Large Format Windows: From Material to MissionTBMG-5230601/01/2025
Steering Angle Safety Control for Redundant Steering System Considering Motor Winding’s Various Faults2024-01-252004/09/2024
Reliable and safe Redundant Steering System (RSS) equipped with Dual-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (DW-PMSM) is considered an ideal actuator for future autonomous vehicle chassis. The built-in DW-PMSM of the RSS is required to identify various winding’s faults such as disconnection, open circuit, and grounding. When achieving redundant control through winding switching, it is necessary to suppress speed fluctuations during the process of winding switching to ensure angle control precision. In this paper, a steering angle safety control for RSS considering motor winding’s faults is proposed. First, we analyze working principle of RSS. Corresponding steering system model and fault model of DW-PMSM have been established. Next, we design the fault diagnosis and fault tolerance strategy of RSS. Considering the difference in amplitude frequency characteristics of phase current during DW-PMSM winding faults, the Hanning window and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is
Zhao, Jian, Dang, Ruijie, Wu, Hangzhe, Zhu, Bing, Chen, Zhicheng
NHTSA’s Evaluation of Glazing Performance Testing2024-01-249104/09/2024
FMVSS No. 205, “Glazing Materials,” uses impact test methods specified in ANSI/SAE Z26.1-1996. NHTSA’s Vehicle Research and Test Center initiated research to evaluate a subset of test methods from ANSI Z26.1-1996 including the 227 gram ball and shot bag impact tests, and the fracture test. Additional research was completed to learn about potential changes to tempered glass strength due to the ceramic paint area (CPA), and to compare the performance of twelve by twelve inch flat samples and full-size production parts. Glass evaluated included tempered rear quarter, sunroof, and backlight glazing. Samples with a paint edge were compared to samples without paint, and to production parts with and without paint in equivalent impact tests. A modified shot bag with stiffened sidewalls was compared to the ANSI standard shot bag. The fracture test comparison included evaluating the ANSI Z26.1 impact location and ECE R43 impact location. Over 900 tests covering the various test conditions
Rains, Corinn
Aircraft Cockpit Window Improvements Enabled by High-Strength Tempered Glass01-17-02-001201/25/2024
This research was initiated with the goal of developing a significantly stronger aircraft transparency design that would reduce transparency failures from bird strikes. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the fact that incorporating high-strength tempered glass into cockpit window constructions for commercial aircraft can produce enhanced safety protection from bird strikes and weight savings. Thermal glass tempering technology was developed that advances the state of the art for high-strength tempered glass, producing 28 to 36% higher tempered strength. As part of this research, glass probability of failure prediction methodology was introduced for determining the performance of transparencies from simulated bird impact loading. Data used in the failure calculation include the total performance strength of highly tempered glass derived from the basic strength of the glass, the temper level, the time duration of the load, and the area under load. A high-strength
Lampman, DeWitt
Physical Testing Methodology and Evaluating Windscreen Wiping with Respect to Vision Zones for Vehicle Category other than M12024-26-036601/16/2024
The windscreen wiping system is mandatory requirement for automotive vehicle as per Central motor vehicle rules (CMVR). The main scope of the standard is to ensure vision zones to be wiped by wiping system to ensure maximum field of vision to the driver. The evaluation of vision zones as per IS 15802:2008 is generally determined by virtual simulation by OEMs. The limitation of virtual simulation is due to actual tolerances in vehicle, due to seat fitment, ergonomic dimensions, seat cushioning effect and wiper non-effective operation which are not taken into consideration very well off. The testing methodology described in the paper is an in-house developed test method based on SAE recommended practices. With the help of 3D H-point machine and a laser based ‘Theodolite’ equipped with horizontal and vertical angle projections from single pivot point is used to develop various vision zones on an actual vehicle windscreen as per technical data. These zones are later compared with wiped
Joshi, Amol, Patil, Amol, Doshi, Anup, Nikam, Shashank, Belavadi Venkataramaiah, Shamsundara
Testing Smart Surfaces to Improve Wireless CommunicationTBMG-4960212/01/2023
Researchers at UBC Okanagan are looking at ways to improve cell phone connectivity and localization abilities by examining “smart” surfaces that can bounce signals from a tower to customers to improve the link. A smart surface involves installing reflective elements on windows or panels on buildings in dense urban environments.
Test Procedure for Determining the Resistance of Safety-Glazing Materials, of which One Surface is Plastic, to Simulated WeatheringJ2081_202311 (Current)11/16/2023
This SAE Recommended Practice determines whether plastic and glass-plastic safety glazing materials will successfully withstand exposure to simulated weathering conditions.
Glazing Materials Standards Committee
Stochastic Noise Sources for Computational Aeroacoustics of a Vehicle Side Mirror15-17-01-000511/09/2023
The broadband aeroacoustics of a side mirror is investigated with a stochastic noise source method and compared to scale-resolving simulations. The setup based on an already existing work includes two geometrical variants with a plain series side mirror and a modified mirror with a forward-facing step mounted on the inner side. The aeroacoustic near- and farfield is computed by a hydrodynamic–acoustic splitting approach by means of a perturbed convective wave equation. Aeroacoustic source terms are computed by the Fast Random Particle-Mesh method, a stochastic noise source method modeling velocity fluctuations in time domain based on time-averaged turbulence statistics. Three RANS models are used to provide input data for the Fast Random Particle-Mesh method with fundamental differences in local flow phenomena. Results of aeroacoustics simulations excited by the Fast Random Particle-Mesh method based on well-matching RANS data are in good agreement to the scale-resolving simulations in
Uhl, Philipp, Schell, Alexander, Ewert, Roland, Delfs, Jan
Improving Cruise Control Efficiency through Speed Flexibility & On-Board Data2023-01-160610/31/2023
In recent decades, significant technological advances have made cruise control systems safer, more automated, and available in more driving scenarios. However, comparatively little progress has been made in optimizing vehicle efficiency while in cruise control. In this paper, two distinct strategies are proposed to deliver efficiency benefits in cruise control by leveraging flexibility around the driver’s requested set speed, and road information that is available on-board in many new vehicles. In today’s cruise control systems, substantial energy is wasted by rigidly controlling to a single set speed regardless of the terrain or road conditions. Introducing even a small allowable “error band” around the set speed can allow the propulsion system to operate in a pseudo-steady state manner across most terrain. As long as the vehicle can remain in the allowed speed window, it can maintain a roughly constant load, traveling slower up hills and faster down hills. This strategy reduces the
Grewal, Amanpal, Zebiak, Matthew
Taking Industrial Robot Automation to New HeightsTBMG-4858207/17/2023
Skyline Robotics has achieved what many other companies have attempted but failed to perfect. The Israeli company has succeeded in automating window washing for the world’s skyscrapers — a task that has been done manually for over 100 years.
Eliminating Uneven Illumination for Accurate Lane Line Detection: A Dark Channel Prior Algorithm Approach2023-01-503907/05/2023
Accurately detecting lane lines remains a challenging task, especially with low-quality cameras due to the complex environment such as haze, uneven lighting, and shadows of actual roads. Despite numerous studies, lane line detection algorithms are still required to be improved for practical applications. In this work, we propose a new lane detection method that incorporates the brightness estimation concept of the single-scale retinex (SSR) algorithm into the dark channel prior (DCP) algorithm for image preprocessing. The improved DCP algorithm is used to estimate the atmospheric light intensity and remove haze noise, while simultaneously enhancing image contrast to reduce the difficulty of lane detection, especially under uneven lighting conditions, then followed by perspective transformation and HSV color space (hue, saturation, value) conversion, and finally, lane line recognition and tracking are performed using sliding windows and histogram statistics. Experimental results
Sun, Shihao, Feng, Lihang
Development of an Economical Water Spray Test Setup for Window Regulators2023-28-132205/25/2023
In an automotive vehicle, the Window Regulator is an electro-mechanical assembly that is mounted inside the door. The basic function of the Window Regulator is to raise or lower the glass when required and hold the glass in closed position or in any desired position. During Water servicing or rains, Water will typically enter inside the door through the seals and on to the Window Regulator mechanism. Hence these conditions must be physically tested in the laboratory to assess the Window Regulator’s functionality which could get affected by Water intrusion. The Water spray test conditions are based on mutual agreement between Inteva Products and the OEMs. Water spray test involves moving the electric Window Regulator to upper stall position (Window closed) at a defined voltage and line resistance. The glass must be dwelled followed by spraying defined amount of Water which simulates the rain. The agreed number of test cycles would be around 4500 which lasts about 7 weeks. Hence, to
Gavhane, Sudarshan, Babu, Yugandhar, Prasannakumar, Jithesh, Banjan, Rohith
NVH Considerations for Highly Asymmetric Laminated Glass in Electric Vehicles2023-01-104805/08/2023
The innovation and application of new technologies in battery electric vehicle (BEV) development continues to be a key objective of the automotive industry. One such area of development is glazing designs that reduce transmission of noise into vehicle interiors. Highly asymmetric laminated front side lites that consist of thick soda lime glass exterior plies laminated with thinner ion exchanged interior plies with acoustic polyvinyl butyral interlayers offer substantially reduced noise transmission compared to industry standard monolithic front side lites. These asymmetric laminate designs also provide additional benefits of improved toughness and penetration resistance. This paper documents a study that uses a systematic test-based approach to understand the sensitivity of interior vehicle noise behavior to changes in acoustic attenuation driven by installation of asymmetric laminated glass front side lites. The test-based assessment included within this study was conducted to isolate
Pruetz, Jeffrey E., Fisher, W Keith, Govindswamy, Kiran, Stirzinger, Brett
Research on the Harmonics-Based the Optimization Algorithm for the Active Synthesis of Automobile Sound2023-01-104505/08/2023
The technology of active sound generation (ASG) for automobiles is one of the most effective methods to flexibly achieve the sound design that meets the expectations of different user groups, and the active sound synthesis algorithms are crucial for the implementation of ASG. In this paper, the Kaiser window function-based the harmonic synthesis algorithm of automobile sound is proposed to achieve the extraction of the order sounds of target automobile. And, the suitable fitting functions are utilized to construct the mathematical model between the engine speed information and the amplitude of the different order sound. Then, a random phase correction algorithm is proposed to ensure the coherence of the synthesized sounds. Finally, the analysis of simulation results verifies that the established method of the extraction and synthesis of order sound can meet the requirements of target sound quality.
Xie, Liping, Chen, Wan, Liu, Zhien, Lu, Chihua
Prediction, Validation, and Improvement of Panel Sound Transmission Loss of Agricultural Equipment Cab2023-01-111105/08/2023
A typical cab used on agriculture machines is made up of a metal frame structure with large enclosing panels of glass, plastic, and metal. Acoustic treatments such as coatings, textiles and foams are used within the cab for aesthetics but also to mediate undesired noise. To develop effective designs for the cab to combat noise, accurate tools for measurement, and predictive methods for sound transmission loss are needed. This paper focuses on Sound Transmission Loss (STL) of the rear upper panel of a cab used in agriculture machines. Results from CAE based tools such as Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA), Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Hybrid FE-SEA methods are compared to measurements. The panel studied included features such as curvature, deep drawn beads with a glass window and a damping coating. The simulation results are refined by incorporating methods for accurate modeling of ribs stiffness, curvature effect and radiation efficiency by synthetic modal approach. The STL
Saveenkumar, Valakeerthi, Mandke, Devendra, Pawar, Sachin, Fapal, Anand, Cone, Kerry
Helping Machine Vision Go Beyond Human ProgrammingTBMG-4813705/01/2023
Nearly every company in the world performs some level of quality inspection on their products before delivering them to customers. If you’re in the downloadable software business, this might involve making sure the product is bug-free and easy to use. But in the realm of physical products, the appearance of the product is nearly as important as its functionality. Would you want to purchase a new car that has scratches on the bumper or hubcaps? What if there was a crack in the windshield? From large to small, the same is true of many other items including appliances, laptops, cellphones, watches, and earbuds.
Data-driven Estimation of Tire Cornering Stiffness: A Dynamic Mode Decomposition Approach2023-01-012104/11/2023
Accurate information about tire cornering stiffness is essential for the implementation of advanced vehicular control systems. Data-driven modelling method leverages the availability of high-quality measurement data alone, without vehicle parameters, which provides a tutorial to reconstruct the system dynamics and estimate tire cornering stiffness. As such, we collect the states and inputs of the vehicle to build its state space using the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method. Then, based on the entries of the system and input matrix, the tire cornering stiffness can be further identified by solving the linear equations via orthogonal regression with considering the measurement noise. The sufficient and necessary rank condition for the DMD execution is also analyzed. Additionally, we introduce two alternative ways to update the system and input matrices - recursive least squares (RLS) and sliding window (SW). Finally, the simulation tests are conducted by CarSim-Simulink to compare
Chen, Hao, Lv, Chen
Influence of Roof Sensor System on Aerodynamics and Aero-Noise of Intelligent Vehicle2023-01-084104/11/2023
The roof sensor system is an indispensable part of intelligent vehicles to observe the environment, however, it deteriorates the aerodynamic and noise performance of the vehicle. In this paper, large eddy simulation and the acoustic perturbation equation are combined to simulate the flow and sound fields of the intelligent vehicle. Firstly, test and simulation differences of aerodynamic drag and pressure coefficients on the roof and rear of the intelligent vehicle without roof sensor system are discussed. It is found that the difference in aerodynamic drag coefficient is 5.5%, and the pressure coefficients’ differences at 21 out of 24 measurement points are less than 0.05. On this basis, under the influence of the sensor system, the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the intelligent vehicle is increased by 23.4%. The incoming airflow hits the sensor system on the front, the flow separation occurs behind it and the streamlined car body is significantly disrupted, which are the main reasons
Li, Zhuoming, Li, Qiliang, Shao, Yu, Yang, Yanruiqi
Sun Radiation Estimation on Display Screens through Virtual Simulation2023-01-076704/11/2023
Currently the automotive industry has been under extremely important technological changes. Part of these changes are related to the way that users interact with the vehicle and fundamental components are the new digital cluster and screens. These devices have created a disruption in the way information is transmitted to the user, being essential for vehicle operation, including safety. Due to new operating conditions, multiple evaluations need to be performed, one of them is the solar temperature Load to ensure correct operation without compromising user safety. This test is required to identify the thermal performance on the screens mounted on the instrument panel. The performance identification is performed on both sides, analytical and physical. In regards finite element simulation it represents the solar chamber as the main source of heat and being the main mechanism of transmission the radiation. To model this boundary conditions, Taitherm® Software [1] is used, and it allows to
Alonso, Liliana, Saavedra, Oscar
Differential Case Imbalance Calculation Using Monte Carlo Simulation2023-01-002504/11/2023
A driveline differential gear housing or diff-case is the heaviest component of a driveline that rotates at high velocities. core shift during diff-case casting is a major source of imbalance as casting cores can never be placed at the exact intended location. Core shift in the present case is defined as combination of pure translation along the parting plane and tilting about two orthogonal axes. Given the ranges of variation of these shift parameters, large numbers of random sampling of these variations are generated through Monte Carlo method where normal distribution of each of the core shift parameters is assumed. Static unbalance values of the diff-case from each of the instances of core shift is calculated using Boolean operation in MSC Adams View and a nonlinear data set is created. Next, a statistical model is created based on a neutral network-based fitting method to appropriately represent the set. The validity of the model is checked based on specific core shift cases to
Chowdhury, Sanjib, Ravuri, Susheel, Roy, Nantu, Mehta, Yogesh
Inductive Non-Contact Position SensorTBMG-4731901/01/2023
NASA Kennedy Space Center developed the Inductive Non-Contact Position Sensor for motion control applications. The sensor was designed to monitor the precise movements of an optical inspection system that measured defects in Space Shuttle windows. The technology has been prototyped and successfully field-tested. Its small size, low cost, wide range, and accuracy give it a distinct advantage over other types of sensors used for similar applications.
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