Browse Topic: Windows and windshields
The integrated bracket is a plastic part that packages functional components such as the ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) camera, rain light sensor, and the mounting provisions of the auto-dimming IRVM (Inner Rear View Mirror). This part is fixed on the windshield of an automobile using double-sided adhesive tapes and glue. ADAS, rain light sensors, and auto-dimming IRVM play an important part in the safety of the driver and everyone present in the automobile. This makes proper functioning of the integrated bracket very integral to occupant safety. Prior to this work, the following literature; Integrated Bracket for Rain Light Sensor/ADAS/Auto-Dimming IRVM with provision of mounting for Aesthetic Cover [1] outlines the design considerations and advantages of mounting several components on the same bracket. It follows the theme where the authors first define the components packaged on the integrated bracket and then the advantages of packaging multiple components on a single
High-efficiency manufacturing involves the transmission of copious amounts of data, exemplified both by trends in the automotive industry and advances in technology. In the automotive industry, products have been growing increasingly complex, owing to multiple SKUs, global supply chains and the involvement of many tier 2 / Just-In Time (JIT) suppliers. On top of that, recalls and incidents in recent years have made it important for OEMs to be able to track down affected vehicles based on their components. All of this has increased the need for OEMs to be able to collect and analyze component data. The advent of Industry 4.0 and IoT has provided manufacturing with the ability to efficiently collect and store large amounts of data, lining up with the needs of manufacturing-based industries. However, while the needs to collect data have been met, corporations now find themselves facing the need to make sense of the data to provide the insights they need, and the data is often unstructured
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform test procedures and performance requirements for the defrosting system of enclosed cab trucks, buses, and multipurpose vehicles. It is limited to a test that can be conducted on uniform test equipment in commercially available laboratory facilities. For laboratory evaluation of defroster systems, current engineering practice prescribes that an ice coating of known thickness be applied to the windshield and left- and right-hand side windows to provide more uniform and repeatable test results, even though - under actual conditions - such a coating would necessarily be scraped off before driving. The test condition, therefore, represents a more severe condition than the actual condition, where the defroster system must merely be capable of maintaining a cleared viewing area. Because of the special nature of the operation of most of these vehicles (where vehicles are generally kept in a garage or warmed up before driving), and since
Reliable and safe Redundant Steering System (RSS) equipped with Dual-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (DW-PMSM) is considered an ideal actuator for future autonomous vehicle chassis. The built-in DW-PMSM of the RSS is required to identify various winding’s faults such as disconnection, open circuit, and grounding. When achieving redundant control through winding switching, it is necessary to suppress speed fluctuations during the process of winding switching to ensure angle control precision. In this paper, a steering angle safety control for RSS considering motor winding’s faults is proposed. First, we analyze working principle of RSS. Corresponding steering system model and fault model of DW-PMSM have been established. Next, we design the fault diagnosis and fault tolerance strategy of RSS. Considering the difference in amplitude frequency characteristics of phase current during DW-PMSM winding faults, the Hanning window and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is
Researchers at UBC Okanagan are looking at ways to improve cell phone connectivity and localization abilities by examining “smart” surfaces that can bounce signals from a tower to customers to improve the link. A smart surface involves installing reflective elements on windows or panels on buildings in dense urban environments.
This SAE Recommended Practice determines whether plastic and glass-plastic safety glazing materials will successfully withstand exposure to simulated weathering conditions.
In recent decades, significant technological advances have made cruise control systems safer, more automated, and available in more driving scenarios. However, comparatively little progress has been made in optimizing vehicle efficiency while in cruise control. In this paper, two distinct strategies are proposed to deliver efficiency benefits in cruise control by leveraging flexibility around the driver’s requested set speed, and road information that is available on-board in many new vehicles. In today’s cruise control systems, substantial energy is wasted by rigidly controlling to a single set speed regardless of the terrain or road conditions. Introducing even a small allowable “error band” around the set speed can allow the propulsion system to operate in a pseudo-steady state manner across most terrain. As long as the vehicle can remain in the allowed speed window, it can maintain a roughly constant load, traveling slower up hills and faster down hills. This strategy reduces the
Skyline Robotics has achieved what many other companies have attempted but failed to perfect. The Israeli company has succeeded in automating window washing for the world’s skyscrapers — a task that has been done manually for over 100 years.
The innovation and application of new technologies in battery electric vehicle (BEV) development continues to be a key objective of the automotive industry. One such area of development is glazing designs that reduce transmission of noise into vehicle interiors. Highly asymmetric laminated front side lites that consist of thick soda lime glass exterior plies laminated with thinner ion exchanged interior plies with acoustic polyvinyl butyral interlayers offer substantially reduced noise transmission compared to industry standard monolithic front side lites. These asymmetric laminate designs also provide additional benefits of improved toughness and penetration resistance. This paper documents a study that uses a systematic test-based approach to understand the sensitivity of interior vehicle noise behavior to changes in acoustic attenuation driven by installation of asymmetric laminated glass front side lites. The test-based assessment included within this study was conducted to isolate
A typical cab used on agriculture machines is made up of a metal frame structure with large enclosing panels of glass, plastic, and metal. Acoustic treatments such as coatings, textiles and foams are used within the cab for aesthetics but also to mediate undesired noise. To develop effective designs for the cab to combat noise, accurate tools for measurement, and predictive methods for sound transmission loss are needed. This paper focuses on Sound Transmission Loss (STL) of the rear upper panel of a cab used in agriculture machines. Results from CAE based tools such as Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA), Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Hybrid FE-SEA methods are compared to measurements. The panel studied included features such as curvature, deep drawn beads with a glass window and a damping coating. The simulation results are refined by incorporating methods for accurate modeling of ribs stiffness, curvature effect and radiation efficiency by synthetic modal approach. The STL
Nearly every company in the world performs some level of quality inspection on their products before delivering them to customers. If you’re in the downloadable software business, this might involve making sure the product is bug-free and easy to use. But in the realm of physical products, the appearance of the product is nearly as important as its functionality. Would you want to purchase a new car that has scratches on the bumper or hubcaps? What if there was a crack in the windshield? From large to small, the same is true of many other items including appliances, laptops, cellphones, watches, and earbuds.
A driveline differential gear housing or diff-case is the heaviest component of a driveline that rotates at high velocities. core shift during diff-case casting is a major source of imbalance as casting cores can never be placed at the exact intended location. Core shift in the present case is defined as combination of pure translation along the parting plane and tilting about two orthogonal axes. Given the ranges of variation of these shift parameters, large numbers of random sampling of these variations are generated through Monte Carlo method where normal distribution of each of the core shift parameters is assumed. Static unbalance values of the diff-case from each of the instances of core shift is calculated using Boolean operation in MSC Adams View and a nonlinear data set is created. Next, a statistical model is created based on a neutral network-based fitting method to appropriately represent the set. The validity of the model is checked based on specific core shift cases to
NASA Kennedy Space Center developed the Inductive Non-Contact Position Sensor for motion control applications. The sensor was designed to monitor the precise movements of an optical inspection system that measured defects in Space Shuttle windows. The technology has been prototyped and successfully field-tested. Its small size, low cost, wide range, and accuracy give it a distinct advantage over other types of sensors used for similar applications.
NASA researchers have developed a compact, cost-effective imaging system using a co-linear, high-intensity LED illumination unit to minimize window reflections for background-oriented schlieren (BOS) and machine vision measurements. The imaging system tested in NASA wind tunnels can reduce or eliminate shadows that occur when using many existing BOS and photogrammetric measurement systems; these shadows occur in existing systems for a variety of reasons, including the severe back-reflections from wind tunnel viewing port windows and variations in the refractive index of the imaged volume.
With the growing demand in passenger comfort and enhanced safety and high competitiveness in the automotive segment, automotive manufacturers are keen to launch the product flawlessly within short period of time. In that regard one of the areas related to safety of passengers which is windshield deicing, requires lot of attention and to be developed and certified well before the product launch. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) helps in this regard to come up quickly with a feasible design solution. But with the conventional method of doing deicing requires lot of time and high cell count. Hence there is a requirement of developing a methodology which will shorten the simulation time and thus leading to shorter development time. One such development took place is in the multiphase models in CFD. The present study focuses in introducing a novel methodology for predicting the transient deicing pattern in an automotive windshield. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ version 2021.2.1 was used for the
The commercial vehicle development process needs to consider the vehicle aerodynamics not only in ideal flow conditions, but also in the turbulent real world environment. The turbulent real world environment includes not only atmospheric turbulence, but also the vehicle to vehicle interactions that happen when driving around other vehicles or into and out of the wake of in/on coming vehicles. A vehicle driving into the wake of an oncoming vehicle not only experiences an increase in the total aerodynamic forces, it also experiences unsteady transient loads over the vehicle components such as windshield, mirror, sunvisor, door and side fairing. To properly design specific components, designers need to understand the magnitude of unsteady forces on various vehicle components, otherwise these components may fail which imposes warranty and safety risks. In this paper, we attempt to understand the various forces acting on the primary vehicle during a passing maneuver. The main purpose is to
Thermal management in electric vehicles is an extremely important topic since it has a direct impact on the mile range. In winter conditions in particular, the abundant heat coming from combustion in the thermal engine is not available and the HVAC system weighs heavily on the battery balance. The challenge is to minimize the vehicle consumption while keeping at the same time an acceptable level of thermal comfort for the driver and the passengers. The glazing can be an effective leverage of improvement of the vehicle cabin thermal performances and glazing solutions exist for summer and winter conditions. The main improvements are provided by the use of double glazed units (DGUs) and thin coatings to functionalize the glass surface; those solutions exist and are available commercially. With numerical calculations we confirm the large positive impact of the DGU on the heating power consumption of a city bus in winter conditions. While a single glazing cannot equal the performances of a
In modern powertrains systems, sensors are critical elements for advanced control. The identification of sensing requirements for such highly nonlinear systems is technically challenging. To support the sensor selection process, this paper proposes a methodology to quantify the information gained from sensors used to control nonlinear dynamic systems using a dynamic probabilistic framework. This builds on previous work to design a Bayesian observer to deal with nonlinear systems. This was applied to a bimodal model of the SCR aftertreatment system. Despite correctly observing the bimodal distribution of the internal Ammonia-NOx Ratio (ANR) state, it could not distinguish which state is the true state. This causes issues for a control engineer who is less interested in how precise a measurement is and more interested in the location within control parameter space. Information regarding the dynamics of the systems is required to resolve the bimodality. Therefore, a hierarchical dynamic
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes boundaries for shade bands on glazed surfaces in class "A" vehicles. These boundaries are located so that the shade band can provide occupant comfort and driver vision protection from glare, with respect to solar radiation, under some lighting and driving conditions. Since shade bands transmit less visible light than adjacent glazed surfaces, the shade band boundaries establish boundaries for the driver's field of view.
At CES 2022 Panasonic Automotive Systems Company of America unveiled AR HUD 2.0 (Augmented Reality Head-Up Display 2.0), the first system to include a new, patented eye-tracking system (ETS). If you've ever thought about what exists beyond the limits of a HUD and the small rectangular box it displays on the windshield, welcome to the world of AR. And note that AR is not VR, Virtual Reality; VR is a space in which headsets or special glasses allow the wearer to experience a 3D world that doesn't exist except in this technology. It's increasingly used in automotive interior design.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides data and general analysis methods for calculation of internal and external, pressurized and unpressurized airplane compartment pressures during rapid discharge of cabin pressure. References to the applicable current FAA and EASA rules and advisory material are provided. While rules and interpretations can be expected to evolve, numerous airplanes have been approved under current and past rules that will have a continuing need for analysis of production and field modifications, alterations and repairs. The data and basic principles provided by this report are adaptable to any compartment decompression analysis requirement.
Aiming at the hassle of intent time window selection and intent characteristic parameters determination in driving intention recognition, two distinctive intention time window division strategies are proposed. The experiment was carried out in the driving simulator, and 160 units of valid sets of using samples were selected from the driving samples collected from 15 subjects, and the driving intentions were categorized into three categories: lane keeping (LK), lane changing left (LCL), and lane changing right (LCR). Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the intention characteristic parameters by comparing the differences in the intention samples and considering the correlation between the parameters. Thereafter six driving intention feature parameters were identified. Subsequently, the time of the vehicle's front wheel pressure point is calculated based on the yaw angle and the distance from the vehicle centroid to the lane centerline to determine the first intention time
Engineers have suggested a colorful solution to next-generation energy collection: Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) in windows. The team designed and built foot-square “windows” that sandwich a conjugated polymer between two clear acrylic panels. The thin middle layer is designed to absorb light in a specific wavelength and guide it to panel edges lined with solar cells. Conjugated polymers are chemical compounds that can be tuned with specific chemical or physical properties for a variety of applications such as conductive films or sensors for biomedical devices.
The most widely used type of windshield wiper system employs a coil spring for wiper arm pressure generation. This spring is fixed between the arm head (fixed part) and wiper arm (moving part) and the tension in the spring is responsible for pressure generation. The present arrangement although being unsophisticated design, has following drawbacks: Inability to change wiper arm pressure according to change in vehicle speed. Inability to provide constant arm pressure during the complete range of motion along varying curvature of windshield. Inability to reduce/remove the continuous pressure on wiper blade when vehicle is parked for long durations resulting in permanent deformation of wiper blade rubber. This paper describes how electromagnets can be used to overcome the above stated inherent limitations of the windshield wiper system. An electromagnet is a device which produces magnetic field on application of electric current. It consists of electrical conductor wound around a magnetic
The vehicle Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to meet both the safety and thermal comfort requirements of the passengers inside the cabin. The thermal comfort requirement, however, is highly subjective and is usually met objectively by carrying out time dependent mapping of parameters like the velocity and temperature at various in-cabin locations. These target parameters are simulated for the vehicle interior for a case of hot soaking and its subsequent cool-down to test the efficacy of the AC system. Typically, AC performance is judged by air temperature at passenger locations, thermal comfort estimation along with time to reach comfortable condition for human. Simulating long transient vehicle cabin for thermal comfort evaluation is computationally expensive and involves complex cabin material modelling. Lattice-Boltzman (LBM) based PowerFLOW solver coupled with Finite element based PowerTHERM solver is employed in this study to simulate long
Despite the advances in the field of vehicle thermal management, certain challenges still exists which are yet necessary to be addressed. One of among those challenges is maintaining the vehicle cabin temperature at a comfortable level and reducing the losses incurred by the vehicle. Vehicle cabin temperature is an important factor in deciding the reliability, longevity and fuel economy of a vehicle. Also, for the safety and comfort of the driver and passengers, the comfort conditions are to be maintained in all climatic conditions. The cabin temperature is increased due to thermal soaking from direct sunlight and this increases the vehicle cabin temperature up to a range of 50 0C to 70 0C. The amount of solar radiation entering into the vehicle cabin is a major factor which is a contribution of transmissivity of light radiation through the windows including the windshield. To maintain the temperature inside the vehicle cabin within a comfortable range (22 0C to 30 0C) a polymer
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes limits for electrical circuits on motor vehicle safety glazing materials.
In 2020, Eastman launched a new acoustic PVB interlayer for automotive laminated glass. This interlayer not only helps to protect driver and passengers from injuries during impact but also provides enhanced acoustic comfort in the car. This newly developed interlayer offers substantially improved acoustic performance in the high-frequency range that is typically associated with wind noise at higher vehicle speeds. To demonstrate the in-vehicle performance, finite element simulations have been carried out using wind noise as the principal source of excitation. The results confirm previously published data that the acoustic contribution overwhelms the turbulent part, having a larger contribution to the ultimate acoustical pressure level. The acoustic insulation calculated is in excellent agreement with the static sound transmission loss data as measured according to the ISO or ASTM norm. In cases where both the windscreen and front-side windows have a laminated structure, a large
Oil and water may not mix but adding the right nanoparticles to the recipe can convert these two immiscible fluids into an exotic gel with uses ranging from batteries to water filters to tint-changing smart windows.
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