Browse Topic: Body structures

Items (4,657)
In this work, we evaluated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for predicting the design trends in flow around a mass-production luxury sport utility vehicle (SUV) subjected to incremental design changes via spoiler and underbody combinations. We compared Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) using several turbulence models and a delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) to experimental measurements from a 40% scale wind tunnel test model at matched full-scale Reynolds number. Regardless of turbulence model, RANS was unable to consistently reproduce the design trends in drag from wind tunnel data. This inability of RANS to reproduce the drag trends stemmed from inaccurate base pressure predictions for each vehicle configuration brought on by highly separated flow within the vehicle wake. When taking A-B design trends, many of these errors compounded together to form design trends that did not reflect those measured in experiments. On the other hand, DDES proved to be more
Aultman, MatthewDisotell, KevinDuan, LianMetka, Matthew
ABSTRACT At the request of the US Army’s Tank Automotive Command (TACOM) a device was built to measure the suspension parameters of any military wheeled vehicle. This is part of an ongoing effort to model and predict vehicle dynamic behavior. The new machine is called the Suspension Parameter Identification and Evaluation Rig (SPIdER) and has a capacity intended to cover all of the military’s wheeled vehicles. The machine operates by holding the vehicle body nominally fixed while hydraulic cylinders move an “axle frame” in bounce or roll under each axle being tested. Up to two axles may be tested at once. Forces at the tires and motions of the wheel centers in three dimensions and two angles are measured. Other motions of the suspension and the minimal motions of the vehicle body are measured. For steer axles the steering ratio, Ackerman steer characteristics, and kingpin orientation are measured
Andreatta, DaleHeydinger, GarySidhu, AnmolBixel, RonaldKurec, AleksanderSingh, AmandeepBaseski, IgorSkorupa, Thomas
ABSTRACT Structural optimization efforts for blast mitigation seek to counteract the damaging effects of an impulsive threat on critical components of vehicles and to protect the lives of the crew and occupants. The objective of this investigation is to develop a novel optimization tool that simultaneously accounts for both energy dissipating properties of a shaped hull and the assembly constraints of such a component to the vehicle system. The resulting hull design is shown to reduce the blast loading imparted on the vehicle structure. Component attachment locations are shown to influence the major deformation modes of the target and the final hull design
Tan, HuadeGoetz, JohnTovar, AndrésRenaud, John E.
ABSTRACT For this particular effort, TARDEC Center for Systems Integration (CSI) was tasked to lead an effort to develop an underbody kit that would serve multiple functions. The underbody kit would provide an additional 1,200 lbs of net buoyancy to enhance water mobility per the LAV. This program is in the development and testing phase with a prototype expected to be produced June of 2015. This program is one of multiple efforts to ensure the FOLAV meet all system requirements to keep the vehicle viable to 2035. In addition, the TARDEC concept/prototype must meet the same mine blast protection provided by the underbody D-Kit that was produced for the fleet of vehicles in 2010. This is a unique challenge as a combination of buoyancy, mine blast, and structural requirement on a ground military vehicle is novel idea. Vehicle weight and survivability requirements are difficult challenges on combat vehicles, to include the LAV, so the TARDEC solution would have to reduce the weight of the
Capouellez, JamesVunnam, MadanKhatib-Shahidi, BijanMcCarty, Steven L.Hullinger, David
ABSTRACT This paper presents a vehicle design parameter screening, the first portion of our MDO efforts on occupant-centric vehicle design. The study uses a full simplified vehicle by considering occupant centric survivability performance under underbody mine blast loading. The top 10 design variables have been identified by TARDEC SMEs and analyzed systematically. 32 finite element models were built to represent fractional factorial combinations of these design parameters and used to determine the main contributors to vehicle structure response and occupant injury potentials. Four preferred design parameter selections have been found in this effort to achieve improved occupant survivability performance and structural response under underbody blast loadings. They are: optimized seat energy absorption system, higher standoff distance and vehicle mass, double-V underbody shape without structural reinforcement, and smaller vehicle width. The study found and confirmed that an optimized
Sheng, JianpingMechergui, DaveVunnam, MadanArepally, SudhakarBednarz, DaveHsieh, Ching
ABSTRACT Over the course of typical survivability analyses for underbody blast events, a multitude of individual cases are examined where charge size, charge location relative to the vehicle, and vehicle clearance from the ground are varied, so as to arrive at a comprehensive assessment. While multi-physics computational tools have reduced the expense and difficulty of testing each loading case experimentally, these tools still often require significant execution and wall-clock times to perform the simulations. In efforts to greatly reduce the time required to conduct a holistic survivability analysis, Fast Running Models (FRMs) have been implemented and validated to act as a surrogate for the computationally expensive finite element tools in use today. Built using a small set of simulations, FRMs generate loading data in a matter of seconds, representing a significant improvement in survivability analysis turnaround time
Li, LiangjunStowe, NicholasVlahopoulos, NickolasMohammad, SyedBarker, CraigThyagarajan, Ravi
ABSTRACT V-shaped hulls for vehicles, to mitigate buried blast loads, are typically formed by bending plate. Such an approach was carried out in fabricating small test articles and testing them with buried-explosive blast load in Southwest Research Institute’s (SwRI) Landmine Test Fixture. During the experiments, detailed time dependent deflections were recorded over a wide area of the test article surface using the Dynamic Deformation Instrumentation System (DDIS). This information allowed detailed comparison with numerical simulations that were performed with LS-DYNA. Though in general there is good agreement on the deflection, in the specific location of the bends in the steel the agreement decreases in the lateral cross section. Computations performed with empirical blast loads developed by SwRI and by more computationally intensive ALE methods in LS-DYNA produced the same results. Computations performed in EPIC showed the same result. The metal plate was then bent numerically so
Walker, James D.Chocron, SidneyMoore, Thomas Z.Bradley, Joseph H.Carpenter, Alexander J.Weiss, CarlGerlach, Charles A.Grosch, Donald J.Grimm, MattBurguess, Victor W.
ABSTRACT It is of considerable interest to developers of military vehicles, in early phases of the concept design process as well as in Analysis of Alternatives (AoA), to quickly predict occupant injury risk due to under body blast loading. The most common occupant injuries in these extremely short duration events arise out of the very high vertical acceleration of vehicle due to its close proximity to hot high pressure gases from the blast. The primary objectives of this paper are to conduct an extensive parametric study in a systematic manner so as (1) to determine if a single blast loading parameter is sufficient to adequately characterize the occupant injury, at least for the duration of typical blast events (0-20ms) and (2) to create look-up tables and/or an automated software tool that decision-makers can use to quickly estimate the different injury responses for both stroking and non-stroking seat systems in terms of such a parameter
Kulkarni, Kumar BRamalingam, JaisankarThyagarajan, Ravi
ABSTRACT Automatic guided vehicles (AGV) have made big inroads in the automation of assembly plants and warehouse operations. There are thousands of AGV units in operation at OEM supplier and service facilities worldwide in virtually every major manufacturing and distribution sector. Although today’s AGV systems can be reconfigured and adapted to meet changes in operation and need, their adaptability is often limited because of inadequacies in current systems. This paper describes a wireless navigated (WN) omni-directional (OD) autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) that incorporates three technical innovations that address the shortfalls. The AGV features consist of: 1) A newly developed integrated wireless navigation technology to allow rapid rerouting of navigation pathways; 2) Omnidirectional wheels to move independently in different directions; 3) Modular space frame construction to conveniently resize and reshape the AGV platform. It includes an overview of the AGVs technical features
Cheok, Ka CRadovnikovich, MichoFleck, PaulHallenbeck, KevinGrzebyk, SteveVanneste, JerryLudwig, WolfgangGarner, Robert
ABSTRACT The CAMEL program focused on force protection and demonstrated the possibility to protect occupants through higher underbelly blast levels than normally or previously observed. This required a holistic vehicle systems engineering approach to mitigate blast injuries that both optimized existing systems as well as developed new technologies. The result was zero injury to all occupants as assessed by 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile encumbered ATDs during survivability blast testing. Twelve full scale objective-level blast tests were performed on over seventy fully-instrumented ATDs without a single lower-extremity injury. The lower limb protection was provided by an isolated floor system. This system was developed from the ground-up and occupant-out during the CAMEL program. This paper chronicles the CAMEL floor system’s creation, design, testing, and development process
Kwiatkowski, KevinWatson, ChristopherKorson, Chantelle
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the Army Generic Hull [1-5] as a vital developmental tool for underbody blast modeling and simulation applications. Since 2010, it has been used extensively to help calibrate and validate various numerical software codes and methodologies. These are being used extensively today in the development of underbody armor, as well as mine blast subsystems such as seats, to protect both military vehicles and their occupants. In the absence of easily shareable information in this domain due to data classification, this specially formulated product is a valuable part of any toolset for underbody blast development and product design. Citation: K. Kulkarni, S. Kankanalapalli, V. Babu, J. Ramalingam, R. Thyagarajan, “The Army Generic Hull As A Vital Developmental Tool For Underbody Blast Applications,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 16-18, 2022
Kulkarni, KumarKankanalapalli, SanjayBabu, VenkateshRamalingam, JaiThyagarajan, Ravi
ABSTRACT The primary focus of this effort is to evaluate the roof liner technology’s ability to reduce the head injury criteria (HIC) and head acceleration to mitigate vertical impact related injures to mounted crew injures which may occur during top and bottom threat events. In an effort to reduce the likelihood of head injury during top and bottom threat attacks, an adequate roof liner is needed to reduce the force exerted on the solider. The roof liners were able to pass all system level tests. The successful system level testing confirmed the blast mat technology’s TRL-6 recommendation. Citation: J. Klima, “Developing Performance and Operating Requirements for Energy Attenuating (EA) Roof Liner for all U.S. Army Military Vehicles”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 10-12, 2021
Klima, Julie
ABSTRACT Two relevant materials found in ground vehicle underbody armor/hull designs are Aluminum 2139-T8 and RHA Steel (Class I). These are 2 very important materials that need a thorough understanding of their high-strain rate behavior. The Johnson-Cook Deformation (JC-D) model at this time is the most preferred constitutive material model to utilize for high-strain (large deformation) blast simulations. The JC-D Model contains five empirically-based input parameters which can be determined traditionally through a series of uniaxial laboratory tests where each target parameter is isolated, while the remaining parameters are held constant. There are many criticisms and problems with this approach. The objective of this two part paper is to present and adopt a more accurate approach with less criticism to the determination of these five input parameters through both a sensitivity study to determine which input parameters are the most sensitive to a particular chosen response which in
Hause, TerrySheng, Jianping
ABSTRACT In order to reduce the frequency and severity of warfighter head, neck, and spine injuries associated with military vehicle underbody IED and AVL blasts, crash, and rollover, Hy-Tek Manufacturing Co. Inc. (HMC) has designed, fabricated, tested, and optimized its Vehicle Roof Inflatable Impact Bladder (VRIIB). Comprised of two (2) thin and impermeable airbags separated by semi-rigid force distribution plates; the VRIIB is designed to be mounted on the interior roof panel of military combat vehicles in a deflated state. During IED or AVL detonation, the VRIIB inflates by means of a COTS airbag inflator to provide a significant reduction in the rate at which a warfighter’s head or neck decelerates against the rigid vehicle roof panel. The VRIIB is designed to remain inflated and functional for a protracted period of time after its initial actuation in order to protect vehicle mounted warfighters from follow-on blast related roof impacts, subsequent vehicle rollover and/or vehicle
Middlebrook, DonaldJude, JohnPeck, Jason
ABSTRACT Presented are two designs for compact, low-profile UGVs with high cross-country mobility, intended for underbody operations with heavy manned vehicles. These UGVs are designed to remotely detect and assess combat damage incurred during combat operations, and analyze wear, leaks, and cracks, without the need for a human technician to be exposed to enemy fire, allowing crews to rapidly assess the conditions of their vehicles. Since robots required for underbody inspection would necessarily maintain a low, compact profile, they could also perform effective last-mile resupply in a contested environment, their small size allowing them to hide behind terrain and battlefield debris much more effectively than a heavy logistics robot. Naturally, a robotic vehicle that is capable of rapid underbody inspection of friendly vehicles or last-mile resupply could also be easily adapted as a combat platform to be used against enemy vehicles. Citation: A. Washington, et al., “Expendable Low
Washington, AnastasyaStempien, AndrewSchouster, RyanWilson, DrewRead, CallumSvoboda, GarretBurton, JaredPendergrass, JacobYoung, FreddieBennett, JacobSapunkov, Oleg B.
ABSTRACT A time-accurate multibody dynamics model of the suspension system of a tracked vehicle is experimentally validated using a full-scale tracked-vehicle on an N-post motion simulator. The experiments consist of harmonic excitations at various amplitudes and frequencies and ramp excitations of the vehicle road-wheels (without the track), with each road wheel under one linear actuator of the N-post motion simulator. A high-fidelity multibody dynamics model of the vehicle along with the N-post motion simulator is constructed. The multibody dynamics model consists of rigid bodies, joints, rotational springs (that include non-linear rotational stiffness, damping and friction), actuators and contact surfaces. The rigid bodies rotational equations of motion are written in a body-fixed frame with the total rigid-body rotation matrix updated each time step using incremental rotations. Connection points on the rigid bodies are used to define joints between the bodies including revolute
Wasfy, Tamer M.O’Kins, JamesRyan, David
ABSTRACT The foundation of the theory of functionally graded plates with simply supported edges, under a Friedlander explosive air-blast, are developed within the classical plate theory (CPT). Within the development of the theory, the two constituent phases, ceramic and metal, vary across the wall thickness according to a prescribed power law. The theory includes the geometrical nonlinearities, the dynamic effects, compressive tensile edge loadings, the damping effects, and thermal effects. The static and dynamic solutions are developed leveraging the use of a stress potential with the Extended-Galerkin method and the Runge-Kutta method. Validations with simpler cases within the specialized literature are shown. The analysis focuses on how to alleviate the effects of large deformations through proper material selection and the proper gradation of the constituent phases or materials
Hause, Terry
Abstract RedRAVEN is a pioneered autonomous robot utilizing the innovative Linked-Bogie dynamic frame, which minimizes platform tilt and movement, and improves traction while maintaining all the vehicle’s wheels in contact with uneven surfaces at all times. Its unique platform design makes the robot extremely maneuverable since it allows the vehicle’s horizontal center of gravity to line up with the center of its differential-drive axle. Where conventional differential-drive vehicles use one or more caster wheels either in front or in the rear of the driving axle to balance the vehicle’s platform, the Linked-Bogie design utilizes caster wheels both in the front and in the rear of the driving axle. Without using any springs or shock absorbers, the dynamic frame allows for compensation of uneven surfaces by allowing each wheel to move independently. The compact and lightweight ground vehicle also features a driving-wheel neutralizing mechanism, a rigid aluminum frame, and a translucent
Mekhtarian, AraHorvath, JosephLin, C.T.
ABSTRACT One of the main thrusts in current Army Science & Technology (S&T) activities is the development of occupant-centric vehicle structures that make the operation of the vehicle both comfortable and safe for the soldiers. Furthermore, a lighter weight vehicle structure is an enabling factor for faster transport, higher mobility, greater fuel conservation, higher payload, and a reduced ground footprint of supporting forces. Therefore, a key design challenge is to develop lightweight occupant-centric vehicle structures that can provide high levels of protection against explosive threats. In this paper, concepts for using materials, damping and other mechanisms to design structures with unique dynamic characteristics for mitigating blast loads are investigated. The Dynamic Response Index (DRI) metric [1] is employed as an occupant injury measure for determining the effectiveness of the each blast mitigation configuration that is considered. A model of the TARDEC Generic V-Hull
Jiang, WeiranVlahopoulos, NickolasCastanier, Matthew P.Thyagarajan, RaviMohammad, Syed
ABSTRACT In this paper, we present Pegasus Transforming UAV/UGV Hybrid Vehicle, a unique, transformable UAS/UGV that is particularly well-suited for missions. The combination of flight and ground modalities allows Pegasus to fly to location, automatically transform into a ground vehicle, reposition, and quietly approach a target; or, Pegasus can land and “perch” for long durations, allowing for the maintenance of the custody trail and long ISR missions or emplace sensors particular for a specific mission. The sequential use of aerial and ground capabilities in this platform provides the reach usually lacking in these missions. The Pegasus platform was developed with DTRA/ARDEC funding in support of specialized missions where these functionalities are needed. Robotic Research, LLC has developed the system from the ground up, including: mechanical, electrical, and software designs (without using foreign-made parts). The current system is shown in Figure 2. The system already has obstacle
Lacaze, Alberto
ABSTRACT In this paper a new bolt attachment method was explored, where the attaching bolts were divided into two sets. The first set of bolts was tightened and was used to connect the underbody plate to the hull under ordinary operations. The second set of bolts connecting the plate and the hull were not tightened and had some extra axial freedom. Under blast loading, the first set of bolts would break due to high tensile and shear loads, but the second set of bolts would survive due to extra axial freedom which allows the plate and the hull vibrate and separate from each other to a certain extent. A simulation model was developed to verify this concept. Three underbody plate-hull connection approaches were simulated and analyzed: 1) all tightened bolts, 2) some bolts not fully seated, 3) all bolts not fully seated. The simulation results show that with option 1), 100% of the bolts broke under the blast loading. With option 2) the not fully seated bolts survived and continued to
Kang., JianLiedke, MarkMason, James
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the development of a lightweight, composite floating crew floor designed to withstand the severe loading requirements of an underbody blast. Energy absorbing devices decouple the floor from the surrounding vehicle structure; therefore, in the event of an underbody blast, the impulse is spread out over a longer period of time, thus reducing the loads into the floor where the crew seats are attached. The composite floor development included: characterizing candidate materials for structural and flame/smoke/toxicity characteristics, design optimization of the composite floor geometry, modeling the response of the floor assembly during a simulated underbody blast event, and manufacturing of a physical composite crew floor. Based on this effort, the composite floor was able to meet the structural requirements of the underbody blast event, while reducing weight by more than 55% compared to the baseline aluminum floor. Moreover, due to the significant reduction
Hart, RobertDwyer, BenjaminSmail, AndrewChishti, AmmarErb, DavidLopez-Anido, Roberto
ABSTRACT In order to defeat under body blast events and improve crew survivability, a monocoque aluminum cab structure has been designed as a drop on solution based on the current M1151A1 (HMMWV) chassis. The structure is comprised of all 5083-H131 Aluminum alloy armor plates with various thicknesses. The structure design consists of the following new features: (1) Robust joining design utilizing interlocking ballistic joints and mechanical interlocking features, (2) unique B-pillar gusset design connects roof & floor with B-pillar & tunnel, and (3) “Double V” underbody shaping design. The TARDEC designed, integrated & built vehicle achieved no crew core body injuries for a vehicle of this weight class and demonstrated meeting the crew survivability objective when subjected to a 2X blast during the live fire underbody blast tests. These efforts help to not only baseline light tactical vehicle capabilities, but also validate the possibility of meeting aggressive blast objectives for
Lee, Chu-HwaLacap, Demetrio M.Keller, Shawn J.
ABSTRACT Since the development of combat vehicles for military use, such as tanks, infantry carriers, gun transports, etc. the main approach has been a monolithic structure that has been described as monocoque. This approach has been the standard–bearer since the inception of modern combat vehicles. Since the end of the Cold War, the world has become a much more “Multi–Polar” world. The U.S. is not locked in a static, monotonic engagement against the Soviet Union and its allies. The nature of the threat has changed. The U.S. Army is looking to make its Combat Vehicle fleet lighter and more adaptable to new technology and changing environments. By doing so the U.S. will be better able to project forces where they are needed. Lighter weight means more flexibility in transportation of equipment to various locations. In addition, the U.S. Army will be better able to deploy forces that have the latest and/or the most desirable protection required for the specific engagement they may
Hodges, ScottOstberg, Donald
ABSTRACT Corrosion damage to military ground vehicles costs the U.S. Army around $1.6B per year. A large part of that cost is related to keeping vehicles like the Stryker at their full fighting capability. Corrosion damage has been a common finding on Stryker vehicles and even light corrosion damage, which often reaches 10% of the body thickness or more, can degrade its armor protection rating and require replacement. Recently, cold spray deposition has been shown to be capable of restoring the full ballistic resistance of corrosion damaged high hard steel armor panels. These repairs can be done on-vehicle in depot facilities, using mobile high-pressure cold spray systems. This repair capability can reduce the number of entire side, roof, and floor panels that need to be cut out and re-welded in, which is the only currently approved repair operation for corrosion damage that exceeds allowable depths. Citation: V.K. Champagne, C.A. Widener, A.T. Nardi, G.D. Ferguson, “Structural Repair
Champagne, Victor K.Widener, Christian A.Nardi, Aaron T.Ferguson, Gehn D.
In recent years, autonomous vehicles (AVs) have been receiving increasing attention from investors, automakers, and academia due to the envisioned potentials of AVs in enhancing safety, reducing emissions, and improving comfort. The crucial task in AV development boils down to perception and navigation. The research is underway, in both academia and industry, to improve AV’s perception and navigation and reduce the underlying computation and costs. This article proposes a model predictive control (MPC)-based local path-planning method in the Cartesian framework to overcome the long computation time and lack of smoothness of the Frenet method. A new equation is proposed in the MPC cost function to improve the safety in path planning. In this regard, an AV is built based on a 2015 Nissan Leaf S by modifying the drive-by-wire function and installing environment perception sensors and computation units. The custom-made AV then collected data in Norman, Oklahoma, and assisted in the
Arjmandzadeh, ZibaAbbasi, Mohammad HosseinWang, HanchenZhang, JiangfengXu , Bin
In nature, many organisms like octopuses with their flexible tentacles or elephants with their trunks, exhibit remarkable dexterity. Inspired by these natural structures, researchers aim to develop highly flexible continuum robots that offer robustness and safety. Ideally, a continuum robot is characterized by many degrees of freedom (DOFs) and the number of joints, more than needed for most tasks. These characteristics allow them to adjust and modify their shape dynamically, enabling them to avoid obstacles and unexpected situations. However, their complex movements make it difficult to characterize their shape and motion
This study aims to elucidate the impact of A-pillar blind spots on drivers’ visibility of pedestrians during left and right turns at an intersection. An experiment was conducted using a sedan and a truck, with a professional test driver participating. The driver was instructed to maintain sole focus on a designated pedestrian model from the moment it was first sighted during each drive. The experimental results revealed how the blind spots caused by A-pillars occur and clarified the relationship between the pedestrian visible trajectory distance and specific vehicle windows. The results indicated that the shortest trajectory distance over which a pedestrian remained visible in the sedan was 17.6 m for a far-side pedestrian model during a right turn, where visibility was exclusively through the windshield. For the truck, this distance was 20.9 m for a near-side pedestrian model during a left turn, with visibility through the windshield of 9.5 m (45.5% of 20.9 m) and through the
Matsui, YasuhiroOikawa, Shoko
Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a method using low-viscosity RTV silicone to form durable seals between polymer bladder and metal bulkhead interfaces to be used for inflatable space habitats
Automotive closure slam is the most crucial attribute affecting the closure structure and its mountings on BIW due to its high occurrence in real-world usage. Thus, virtual simulation of closure slam becomes necessary and is generally carried out using explicit codes with associated technical hitches like all-requisite inputs availability, FE modeling and analysis techniques, substantial human effort, high solution time, human and computational resource competence, or even access to suitable expensive explicit FE solver. Hence it becomes challenging to virtually analyze the design at every design phase of product development cycle under strict timelines leading to possibilities of both over- and under-designed parts, sometimes resulting in physical testing or even field failures. So, the need for an alternative simplified representation of closure slam, addressing the typical issues faced during explicit dynamic simulation and producing acceptable analysis outputs, gains significance
Chatterjee, Suprakash
Occupant packaging is one of the key tasks involved in the early architectural phase of a vehicle. Accommodation, as a convention, is generally considered related to a car’s interior. Typical roominess metrics of the occupant like hip room, shoulder room, and elbow room are defined with the door in its closed condition. Several other roominess metrics like knee room, leg room, head room, and the like are also specified. While all the guidelines are defined with doors in their closed condition, it is also important to consider the dynamics that exist while the occupant is entering the vehicle. This article expands the traditional understanding of occupant accommodation beyond conventionally considering the vehicle interior’s ability to accommodate anthropometry. It broadens the scope to include dynamic conditions, such as when doors are opened, providing a more realistic and practical perspective. As a luxury car manufacturer, it is important to ensure the best overall customer
Rajakumaran, SriramSreenivas, Kalyan
Semi-automated computational design methods involving physics-based simulation, optimization, machine learning, and generative artificial intelligence (AI) already allow greatly enhanced performance alongside reduced cost in both design and manufacturing. As we progress, developments in user interfaces, AI integration, and automation of workflows will increasingly reduce the human inputs required to achieve this. With this, engineering teams must change their mindset from designing products to specifying requirements, focusing their efforts on testing and analysis to provide accurate specifications. Generative Design in Aerospace and Automotive Structures discusses generative design in its broadest sense, including the challenges and recommendations regarding multi-stage optimizations. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
Muelaner, Jody Emlyn
Squeak and rattle (SAR) noise audible inside a passenger car causes the product quality perceived by the customer to deteriorate. The consequences are high warranty costs and a loss in brand reputation for the vehicle manufacturer in the long run. Therefore, SAR noise must be prevented. This research shows the application and experimental validation of a novel method to predict SAR noise on an actual vehicle interior component. The method is based on non-linear theories in the frequency domain. It uses the Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) in combination with the Alternating Frequency/Time Domain Method (AFT) to solve the governing dynamic equations. The simulation approach is part of a process for SAR noise prediction in vehicle interior development presented herein. In the first step, a state-of-the-art linear frequency-domain simulation estimates an empirical risk index for SAR noise emission. Critical spots prone to SAR noise generation are located and ranked. In the second step, the
Rauter, AndreasUtzig, LukasWeisheit, KonradMarburg, Steffen
The axle system is a major contributor for road induced vehicle interior noise. However, it is challenging to characterize the NVH performance of the axle system because it is coupled with both the tire/wheel and the body structure. In this article, we introduce a global approach to control the NVH performance of the axle system. The force transmissibility based on the blocked force concept was defined as the indicator of NVH performance of the axle system. A hybrid method combining test and simulation was developed to assess the intrinsic NVH performance of the axle system. The force transmissibility of the axle system is the blocked force generated by the axle system at the body mounting points with a unit of input force on the wheel. It can be simulated easily by FEM with rigid boundary conditions. However, measuring the blocked forces of the axle system is much more complex because it requires very stiff boundary conditions, which are difficult to realize on a realistic test rig
Wang, ShanjinGagiu, Constantin
Particle Dampers (PDs) are passive devices employed in vibration and noise control applications. They consist of a cavity filled with particles that, when fixed to a vibrating structure, dissipate vibrational energy through friction and collisions among the particles. These devices have been extensively documented in the literature and find widespread use in reducing vibrations in structural machinery components subjected to significant dynamic loads during operation. However, their application in reducing the vibration of vehicle body panels as well as vehicle interior noise has received, up to now, relatively little attention. Previous work by the authors [9] has proven the effectiveness of particle dampers in mitigating vibrations in vehicle body panels, achieving a notable reduction in structure-borne noise within the vehicle cabin with an additional weight comparable to or even lower than that of bituminous damping treatments traditionally used for this purpose. This effect may be
Sanchez Climent, Francisco VicenteBertolini, Claudio
Design verification and quality control of automotive components require the analysis of the source location of ultra-short sound events, for instance the engaging event of an electromechanical clutch or the clicking noise of the aluminium frame of a passenger car seat under vibration. State-of-the-art acoustic cameras allow for a frame rate of about 100 acoustic images per second. Considering that most of the sound events introduced above can be far less than 10ms, an acoustic image generated at this rate resembles an hard-to-interpret overlay of multiple sources on the structure under test along with reflections from the surrounding test environment. This contribution introduces a novel method for visualizing impulse-like sound emissions from automotive components at 10x the frame rate of traditional acoustic cameras. A time resolution of less than 1ms eventually allows for the true localization of the initial and subsequent sound events as well as a clear separation of direct from
Rittenschober, ThomasKarrer, Rafael
REE Automotive is aiming to be a major disruptor in the medium-duty truck space with the rollout of its P7 EV chassis. The P7 frame is built around its “REEcorners” suspension, which are modular suspension units featuring REE's x-by-wire design. By packaging components into the area between the chassis and the wheel, REE claims that it was able to design the P7 with a completely flat chassis with up to 35% more interior volume for passengers, cargo and batteries. “The REEcorners suspension system is the core of the technology that we built this truck around,” Peter Dow, VP of engineering for REE Automotive, said during an interview with Truck & Off-Highway Engineering. “It also allows us to achieve the level of vehicle dynamics we were looking for. We were trying to make a truck that was very exciting and easy to drive
Wolfe, Matt
The automotive sector’s growing focus on sustainability has been spurred to investigate the creation of sustainable resources for different parts, emphasizing enhancing efficiency and minimizing environmental harm. For use in automobile flooring trays and underbody shields, this study examines the impact of injection molding on composite materials made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Linum usitatissimum (flax) fibers. As processed organic fiber content was increased, the bending and tensile rigidity initially witnessed an upsurge, peaking at a specific fiber loading. At this optimal loading, the composite exhibited tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus values of 41.26 MPa, 52.32 MPa, and 2.65 GPa, respectively. Given their deformation resistance and impact absorption attributes, the mechanical properties recorded suggest that such composites can be efficiently utilized for automotive underbody shields and floor trays. The inherent structure of the flax fiber within
Natrayan, L.Kaliappan, SeeniappanBalaji, V.Mahesh, V.
The analysis presented in this document demonstrates the mathematical model approach for determining the rotation of a door about the hinge axis. Additional results from the model are the torque due to gravity about the axis, opening force, and the door hold open check link force. Vector mechanics, equations of a plane, and parametric equations were utilized to develop this model, which only requires coordinate points as inputs. This model allows for various hinge axis angles and door rotation angles to quickly be analyzed. Vehicle pitch and roll angles may also be input along with door mass to determine the torque about the hinge axis. The vector calculations to determine the moment arm of the door check link and its resulting force are demonstrated for both a standard check link design and an alternate check link design that has the link connected to a slider translated along a shaft. This math model may be implemented using commonly available programs such as Microsoft Excel VBA or
Storck, Phillip
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