Browse Topic: Aircraft

Items (10,845)
Find
Model-Based Design and dSPACE/MathWorks Environment Enable Innovative Engineering Education2026-01-0073To be published on 04/07/2026
The exponentially growing complexity of engineering systems, such as a robotic system, an autonomous vehicle, and an unmanned aerial vehicle, requires sophisticated control strategies that can efficiently coordinate the system’s operation in various environments. The traditional control design approaches present significant challenges for control engineers to keep up with the increasing complexity and changing requirements. To advance embedded control system design, a paradigm shift from traditional development approaches toward more structured, systematic methodologies that can manage the multi-domain nature of control systems is critically needed. Model-based design approach is emerging as a solution for this demand. Model-based design approach uses a system model for control system development, from requirements capture to control system design, implementation, and testing. It provides an integrated environment for design, implementation, automatic code generation, and validation
Repaka, Sindhura, Chen, Bo
Ultra-Low Latency Video Pipeline Optimization for Perception-Centric Autonomous Systems2026-01-0022To be published on 04/07/2026
Autonomous platforms such as self-driving vehicles, advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), and intelligent aerial drones demand real-time video perception systems capable of delivering actionable visual information at ultra-low latency. High-resolution vision pipelines are often hindered by delays introduced at multiple stages-sensor acquisition, video encoding, data transmission, decoding, and display-undermining the responsiveness required for safety-critical decision making. This study introduces a holistic system-level optimization framework that systematically reduces end-to-end video latency while maintaining image fidelity and perception accuracy. The proposed approach integrates hardware-accelerated encoding, zero-copy direct memory access (DMA), lightweight UDP-based RTP transport, and GPU-accelerated decoding into a unified pipeline. By minimizing redundant memory copies and software bottlenecks, the system achieves seamless data flow across hardware and software
Indrakanti, Rama Kiran Kumar
A System of System Design Framework for Multi-Domain Vehicles2026-01-0263To be published on 04/07/2026
A System of System Design Framework for Multi-Domain Vehicles - U.S. Army OPSEC approval has been received. Please find the approved Abstract for your consideration below : Traditionally, ground vehicle design is based on identifying engineering solutions that fulfil the requirements and specifications put forth by the stakeholders. Although a vehicle is a single entity, it is composed of many subsystems and thousands of parts that must operate together in unison to meet all design goals. A System of Systems (SoS) design approach enables the consideration of sub-system performance within a framework of overall system operation which includes possible trade-offs. This collaborative approach to subsystem and primary system design draws upon modelling, optimization, tradespace analysis and virtual studies. In this paper, a system of system design approach will be investigated for a collection of multi domain vehicles assembled to undertake coordinated search and rescue operations on land
Somanchi, Anang, Abeynayake, Chandima, deshmukh, Mrunal, Suresh, Johir, Ramnath, Satchit, Turner, Cameron, Schmid, Matthias, Castanier, Matthew P., Rapp, Stephen, Jaczkowski, Jeffery, Wagner, John
Effective design method for lightweight suite of seats considering crashworthiness and cost2026-01-0493To be published on 04/07/2026
This paper presents a methodology for designing and evaluating lightweight, crashworthy aircraft seats that meet 21g crash safety standards and injury criteria. Four seat classes—economy double, economy single, single premium, and business—were developed using a modular design strategy focused on part commonality (family of parts) and manufacturability. A shared family of structural components was implemented across all seat types, with dimensional modifications applied only, when necessary, due to differences in seat width or height. In such cases, the same material systems and design principles were used to ensure consistency and reduce manufacturing complexity. The designs were evaluated using finite element simulations to verify performance under aerospace crash conditions. Each seat configuration was validated against regulatory crashworthiness criteria and injury thresholds, including pelvic, lumbar, and femur compressive forces, as well as head injury criteria (HIC) values. The
Gray, Savannah, Orr, Mathew, Shi, Yifan, Park, Taeil, Lee, Jake, Wotten, Erik, LeFrancois, Richard, Huang, Yuhao, Patel, Anuj, Kim, Hansu, Burns, Nicholas, Jalayer, Shayan, Grant, Robert, Kok, Leo, Hansen, Eric, Kim, Il Yong
Innovation Powered by High-Fidelity Multiphysics Modeling: A Holistic System Optimization of BorgWarner’s Next Generation Integrated Drive Modules2026-01-0497To be published on 04/07/2026
In the stringent market of BEV, the development of integrated Drive Modules (iDM) fitting to environmental and customer needs is mandatory. It is important to extract the best from the less. To achieve those goals, a deep insight of complex multiphysics phenomena occurring in an iDM has been achieved by accurate and validated models. This engineering methodology is applied through the development of BorgWarner products, comprising non-exhaustively iDM 180-HF, Externally Excited Synchronous Machine and Multi-Level Inverter. The paper will review the methodology development for deeper understanding involving in-house technical excellence and complemented by strategic partnerships with academic institutions and start-ups. It will present the approach of integrating advanced multiphysics models with high-quality experimental validations, specifically on loss evaluation on electrical machines and inverters. Complex models involving multiphysics such as thermal/fluid coupling or electric
Leblay PhD, Arnaud, Bossi, Adrien, Bourniche, Eric, DAVID, Pascal, Nanjundaswamy, Harsha
Designing Military Vehicles For A Battlefield Characterized by Drones2026-01-0262To be published on 04/07/2026
The modern battlefield is increasingly characterized by the use of small drones. As such, military vehicles must now be designed to account for this threat. This paper presents a model-based systems engineering approach to identify vehicle vulnerabilities and generate new vehicle requirements to mitigate them. This approach uses a standard set of SysML diagrams. A vehicle’s primary roles are captured in a series of use-cases. Each use-case is characterized by a sequence of activities performed by the vehicle. These activity sequences are captured in an activity diagram, which can be used to wargame how a drone could exploit the vehicle at each phase. Each exploitation is assigned a likelihood and severity, which feed into a risk index. This risk index is then used to prioritize each vulnerability. From these vulnerabilities, a set of operational requirements can be derived, which then informs the development of system requirements. As the system matures, the physical system
Ells, Alec, Werntz, Bryson, Saulsberry, Taylor, Wilkinson, Cooper, Mittal, Vikram
Safety-Constrained Control of Nonlinear Mobility Systems Using Reference Governor2026-01-0033To be published on 04/07/2026
Ensuring safe operation and reliable control of mobility systems remains a significant challenge, particularly for nonlinear and high-dimensional applications subject to external disturbances with hard constraints and limited computational resources in real-time implementations. A reference governor (RG) can enforce constraints using an add-on scheme that preserves the pre-stabilizing controller while balancing the need to satisfy other requirements, including reference tracking and disturbance rejection. Thus, in this paper, we exploit RG-based strategies focusing on nonlinear mobility systems. While the method is generalizable to other applications, such as waypoint following for autonomous driving, the flight dynamics of a quadrotor system with twelve states are used as an example. We implement a disturbance rejection RG to satisfy safety constraints and track set points. To handle nonlinearity, we propose an optimal strategy to quantify the maximum deviation between the nonlinear
Dong, Yilong, Li, Huayi
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Firefighting on High Rise Structures2026-28-0115To be published on 02/12/2026
Fires in Urban high-rise structures and industrial areas pose significant challenges to traditional firefighting methods. Traditional firefighting methods often struggle to address the challenges posed by height, accessibility and rapid response. In such a scenario innovative technologies become vital for effective and efficient methods. This project introduces an unmanned aerial vehicle designed to suppress fire on high-rise building by using drone technologies and robotics. The drone is equipped with a stereo camera which will detect fire and measure its coordinates with the help of algorithms fed on the companion computer raspberry pi. Upon receiving the coordinates, the drone will station itself at a predetermined distance from the fire. The drone will adjust itself in the vertical direction for proper ejection of water at the fire. The water will be ejected through a nozzle integrated with the drone, which is connected to the pump at the ground via hose. This drone solution
R, Abhiram, Sadique, Anwar, PV, Anurag, J, Harisankar V, A, Geethu, vs, Amarnath
Preliminary Design and Analysis of a Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for Supersonic Aerospace Application2026-28-0106To be published on 02/12/2026
The Dual Throat Nozzle (DTN) is a unique nozzle configuration that enables fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV), improving aircraft maneuverability while reducing the mechanical complexity of traditional vectoring systems. In this study, a two-dimensional DTN was developed based on a validated NASA Langley model, incorporating a newly designed plenum geometry guided by area expansion ratio principles. Numerical simulations were carried out in ANSYS Fluent using a density-based, steady-state solver with the SST k–ω turbulence model to capture key compressible flow features such as shock waves, flow separation, and jet deflection. Secondary injection rates were determined using choked-flow relations, and a 12-case parametric study was conducted to analyze the effects of Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR), injection rate, and injection angle on thrust deflection and efficiency. The simulation results at NPR = 4 with 3% injection showed strong agreement with NASA experimental data, validating the
Suresh, Vignesh, M, Akash, Senthilkumar, Nikil, Sundararaj, Senthilkumar, A, Garry Kiristen, Singh, Swaraj
Aerospace & Defense Technology: February 202626AERP022/5/2026
Plasma Surface Activation for Stronger, More Durable CFRP Bonds in Aerospace Smarter Pyrovalve Alternatives for Modern Missile and Munition Launcher Applications Aerospace Aluminum Laser Welding: Advancing Material Performance for the Future of Flight Model-Based Design Is Shaping the Next Phase of eVTOL Systems Development How RF-over-Fiber is Providing the Backbone of Next Generation Mil/Aero Networks NASA Demonstrates a First-of-Its-Kind Space Communications A Rainfield Simulator for Hypersonic Testing The U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command Technical Center's Aerophysics Research Facility, (ARF), fired a successful hypersonic shot to test its new rainfield simulator. Next Generation Carbon Fiber Composites 3D Printer for Hypersonic Research Auburn University's Applied Research Institute in Huntsville is adding some serious fiber to its diet. The Critical Impact Of SAE Aerospace Standards: Certified AS1895/7 and /23 Metal Seals How engineers can ensure safety, reliability
The Normalized Lift and Drag as Efficiencies According to the Aerodynamic Equation of State2026-01-60002/3/2026
The wetted surface of a wing induces a three-dimensional pressure distribution onto the surrounding flow field that generates lift. In a similar way, the wetted surface of an aircraft generates parasite drag. Computational fluid dynamics mimics this process by constructing a surface mesh as a grid that recreates the outer mold line (OML) or wetted surface of a wing or aircraft, and used as a geometric reference for calculating the lift and parasite drag. Once the lift and drag are obtained using these physics-based wetted surfaces as geometry references, the legacy lift and drag coefficients are calculated by resorting to the planform area of the wing, and not their aforementioned wetted surfaces. This re-referencing that results from using a planform area instead of a wetted surface results in an overestimation of the lift and drag coefficients that are devoid of a physical meaning and yield misleading results when used to compare the lift or drag of different aircraft. This paper
Burgers, Phillip
Aircraft Cabin Pressurization System CriteriaARP1270C (Current)1/29/2026
This report, in conjunction with other referenced SAE documents, provides recommendations for development of aircraft cabin pressure control systems and equipment, with particular emphasis on performance objectives, requirements definition, operational scenarios, design practices, safety processes, and verification methods. The objective of a Cabin Pressure Control System (CPCS) is to regulate aircraft cabin pressure throughout the operational flight envelope, in order to ensure occupant safety, aircraft safety, and passenger comfort. The system should comply with all relevant certification and safety requirements, particularly in the areas of: Maintaining a breathable environment within occupied compartments Protecting the fuselage structure against excessive positive and negative differential pressure loads Supporting cabin egress on ground The system should have the capability to schedule cabin pressure at rates of change that are comfortable to crew and passengers. Careful
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Crashworthiness of WC19 Wheelchairs in Horizontal Dynamic Aircraft Seating Tests09-14-02-00011/23/2026
At present, commercial air travel rules do not allow people to sit in their own wheelchairs during flight. However, airline seating often does not meet medical needs. In response to current requests to allow this seating option, we researched the crashworthiness and safety of wheelchairs for potential use in aircraft. For motor vehicle travel, many wheelchairs meet voluntary standards for crashworthiness and safety per RESNA WC19. This project assesses whether WC19-compliant wheelchairs can meet FAA aircraft seating standards when secured using 4-point tiedowns. For the FAA horizontal impact testing, computer modeling indicated that a trapezoidal sled pulse was sufficient to represent the more typical triangular pulse, and that due to the flexibility of the tiedown webbing, the effect of the simulated pitch/roll element was minimal. During the initial two horizontal impact tests, fracture of the left front wheelchair caster was observed. The remaining five wheelchairs were tested with
Klinich, Kathleen D., Manary, Miriam A., Boyle, Kyle J., Vallier, Tyler, Orton, Nichole R.
Environmental Control Systems for RotorcraftARP292D (Current)1/21/2026
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) discusses design philosophy, system and equipment requirements, environmental conditions, and design considerations for rotorcraft environmental control systems (ECS). The rotorcraft ECS comprises that arrangement of equipment, controls, and indicators which supply and distribute dehumidified conditioned air for ventilation, cooling and heating of the occupied compartments, and cooling of the avionics. The principal features of the system are: a A controlled fresh air supply b A means for cooling (air or vapor cycle units and heat exchangers) c A means for removing excess moisture from the air supply d A means for heating e A temperature control system f A conditioned air distribution system The ARP is applicable to both civil and military rotorcraft where an ECS is specified; however, certain requirements peculiar to military applications—such as nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) protection—are not covered. The integration of NBC
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Aircraft Thermal Management System EngineeringAIR5744 (Current)1/21/2026
The intent of this report is to encourage that the thermal management system architecture be designed from a global platform perspective. Separate procurements for air vehicle, propulsion system, and avionics have contributed to the development of aircraft that are sub-optimized from a thermal management viewpoint. In order to maximize the capabilities of the aircraft for mission performance and desired growth capability, overall system efficiency and effectiveness should be considered. This document provides general information about aircraft Thermal Management System Engineering (TMSE). The document also discusses approaches to processes and methodologies for validation and verification of thermal management system engineering. Thermal integration between the air vehicle, propulsion system, and avionics can be particularly important from a thermal management standpoint. Due to these factors, this report is written to encourage the development of a more comprehensive system
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Factory Digitalization Efficiency Improvement through Mechanization of Point Cloud to 3D Modelling2026-26-03071/16/2026
The growing environmental, economic, and social challenges have spurred a demand for cleaner mobility solutions. In response to the transformative changes in the automotive sector, manufacturers must prioritize digital validation of products, manufacturing processes, and tools prior to mass production. This ensures efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. By utilizing 3D modelling of factory layouts, factory planners can digitally validate production line changes, substantially reducing costs when introducing new products. One key innovation involves creating 3D models using point cloud data from factory scans. Traditional factory scanning processes face limitations like blind spots and periodic scanning intervals. This research proposes using drones equipped with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology for 3D scanning, enabling real-time mapping, autonomous operation, and efficient data collection. Drones can navigate complex areas, access small spaces, and optimize
Narad, Akshay Maruti, C H, Ajheyasimha, Vijayasekaran, Vinothkumar, Fasge, Abhishek
Architecting ATA 28 with Model-Based Systems Engineering: Center of Gravity Balance and System Performance01-18-03-00151/7/2026
The fuel management system for a fixed-wing aircraft has been developed and explored with the model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methodology for maintaining the center of gravity (CoG) and analyzing flight safety. The system incorporates high-level modeling abstractions that exploit a mix of behaviors and physical detail resembling real-world components. This approach enables analysis for a multitude of system requirements, verification, and failure scenarios at high simulation speed, which is necessary during system definition. Initially, the CoG is maintained by directly accessing the flight deck valves and pumps in both wings and controlling them through the bang-bang control law. In the refinement phase of the fuel system controller, the manual and individual controls of the valves and pumps are replaced with an autonomous fuel transfer scheme. The autonomous scheme achieves no more than a 20 kg difference in fuel between the wings during normal conditions. In the event of
Zaidi, Yaseen, Michalek, Ota
Countering the New Threat from the Sky: Advanced IR Imaging Zoom Lenses for C-UAS SystemsTBMG-544341/1/2026
Current world conflicts have proven that drones are now indispensable tools in modern warfare. Whether for reconnaissance, loitering munitions, or asymmetric tactics that exploit vulnerabilities in conventional defenses, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are redefining the rules of engagement.
A Guide to Cost-Effective Thermal Lens Integration: What to Know for Defense and Autonomous Vehicle ApplicationsTBMG-544361/1/2026
In complete darkness, through smoke, glare and fog, thermal infrared (IR) imaging is indispensable for modern defense and autonomous systems. Enabling autonomous vehicles (AVs) to detect pedestrians or threats at night or providing critical sensing capabilities for unmanned aerial vehicles and counter-UAS operations, thermal imaging has become the essential “eyes” when visible camera systems fail.
Enhancing Signal Integrity and Security in Aerospace: RF-Over-Fiber Optics Hybrid Communications TechnologyTBMG-544351/1/2026
Without reliability and signal integrity, aerospace communications risk severe signal degradation and reduced security, posing risks to both personnel and mission-critical data. These challenges are particularly critical for applications that depend on military aircraft, satellite communications, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). As global demand for real-time data continues to surge, communication infrastructure requires regular maintenance and upgrades to maintain secure and reliable performance.
Deep Learning-Based Improvement and Validation of Vehicles’ Speed Extraction from Aerial Videos2025-01-734912/31/2025
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer high efficiency, low cost, and strong mobility, making them well-suited for traffic vehicle detection. However, dense targets, rapid scene changes, and small object sizes in aerial videos reduce detection accuracy, which in turn affects the precision of speed extraction algorithms. To address these issues, this paper proposes a speed extraction method that integrates an improved You Only Look Once Version 11 (YOLOv11) with the Deep Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (DeepSORT) algorithm. On the detection side, several architectural enhancements are introduced. A Haar wavelet-based HWD downsampling module preserves fine-grained details, a CSK2_m multi-scale convolution block with a CCFM feature fusion structure strengthens cross-scale representation, and an additional detection head at the P2 layer improves the recall of tiny objects in complex scenes. Extensive experiments on a hybrid dataset constructed from VisDrone2019 and a custom UAV dataset
Ye, Xin, Cheng, Xiaoxuan, Li, Xiangdong
A Literature Review on Application of Maintenance and Management Strategies for Electric-Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft’s Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul Organizations01-18-03-001612/18/2025
In the context of emerging technology developed for advanced air mobility concept, its maintenance protocols are not yet mature and existing aviation maintenance systems may not support electric-vertical take-off and landing (e-VTOL) needs. Thus, the operation of e-VTOL aircraft during its deployment stage necessitates the need for qualitative maintenance support. The main purpose of this study is to develop the basic structural principles of the projected new maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) organization for e-VTOL air vehicles, which will support airworthiness through comprehensive maintenance approaches. Thus, the operation of e-VTOL aircraft during its deployment stage necessitates the need for qualitative maintenance support. The importance of the study is to offer standard procedures based on management and maintenance strategies, application of predictive and prescriptive maintenance tools, which pose a significant contribution to ensuring safety, reliability, and cost
Imanov, Tapdig, Bozdereli, Arzu
Requirement-Based Design Verification Processes for Commercial Airplanes2025-99-035012/17/2025
Civil vehicles, commonly seen as complex products, involve many high-tech aspects, several fields working together, many investments spent on projects, and challenging management. Through the entire life-cycle of aircraft development, the application of requirement-driven systems engineering methodologies helps to manage the aircraft development process while addressing the needs of the market and of stakeholders. The operational needs of an aircraft are design inputs for aircraft development, and the precision, authenticity, and comprehensiveness of these needs influence the efficiency of the development processes and the quality of the products. When the design and research-and-development activities are based on accurate and complete needs, the development interval for such projects can be shortened significantly, and the costs of R&D lowered. Especially because it is one of the fundamental phases of establishing whether aircraft meet the design requirements, design verification is
Wang, Yi, Huang, Junkai, Zhang, Xinyu
Study on the Performance of High-Pressure Oxygen Cylinder Oxygen Supplemental System in Civil Aircraft Lavatories Based on Airworthiness Oxygen Requirements2025-99-030712/17/2025
This paper focuses on the performance of the high-pressure oxygen cylinder oxygen supplemental system in the lavatory of civil aircraft. Due to the potential safety hazards of chemical oxygen generators in the lavatory, high-pressure gaseous oxygen cylinders are used instead. Through theoretical and study, the influence of the orifice on the oxygen flow rate is thoroughly investigated. Based on relevant principles, the calculation method of the gas flow characteristics in the orifice is determined. Considering the high initial pressure of the oxygen cylinder, the supersonic flow condition within approximately 20 minutes is mainly considered. The Simulink is used to simulate the system flow rate under different temperatures during cabin depressurization. Experimental verification shows that the oxygen flow rate under different temperatures meets the minimum oxygen demand, and the simulation results are highly consistent with the experimental results, indicating that the simulation
Wan, Shuting, Lei, Mingjun, Yu, Xiaoying
Qualification Tests of Civil Aircraft Tire2025-99-035112/17/2025
Tire is the only part of the aircraft that contacts the ground, which not only bears the vertical load and lateral load of the whole aircraft, but also provides adequate ground friction to decelerate the aircraft when braking, so the tires are important parts for aircraft take-off and landing. Besides safety concerns, tire physical properties such as vertical, lateral stiffness as static performance and rolling relaxation length, yawed rolling cornering force as dynamic performance are often required by aircraft manufacturers for analyzing aircraft maneuverability. Besides analysis or similarity by experience from other aircraft projects, tires are often qualified by a number of tests, both static and dynamic, to ensure the safety of tires and acquire tire physical performance data.
Ji, Teng
Research on Configuration Management of Civil Aircraft Electromechanical System2025-99-033312/17/2025
This paper presents an in-depth study on configuration management for civil aircraft electromechanical systems, grounded in process methodologies and practical experience of configuration management. Beginning with the definition and significance of configuration management, the study analyzes existing configuration management practices in domestic and international aviation enterprises. It systematically examines the requirements and frameworks for configuration management in civil aircraft electromechanical systems, refining critical elements through two primary dimensions: the establishment, refinement and implementation of configuration management processes. Critical refined elements are highlighted to offer actionable insights for civil aviation enterprises in advancing their configuration management practices.
Cai, Yiyang
Lateral Force Analysis of Clamping Devices and Nose Landing Gear in Cornering Conditions2025-99-030612/17/2025
To further investigate the effects of the clamping mechanism’s tilt angle and the nose landing gear’s turning angle on the lateral force of the nose landing gear during turning with a towbarless tractor, as well as the changes in the lateral force difference between the inner and outer hinges, a three-dimensional model of the towbarless tractor and the aircraft was first created using SolidWorks software. The dynamic simulation of the model under different conditions was then conducted using Adams software, followed by the analysis of the simulation results. The results indicate that introducing a positive clamping angle leads to an increase in the clamping mechanism’s tilt angle and a decrease in the nose landing gear’s turning angle as the turning radius and speed increase. Consequently, the lateral force difference between the inner and outer hinges of the nose landing gear increases, ranging from 40 kN to 70 kN. To ensure the stability of the clamping device and reduce the lateral
Gao, Jianshu, Hao, Shiyu, Liu, Ziao
Identification of Runway Friction Coefficient Using Extended Kalman Filter09-13-02-001212/11/2025
Aircraft operations during landing or takeoff depend strongly on runway surface conditions. Safe runway operations depend on the tire-to-runway frictional force and the drag offered by the aircraft. In the present research article, a methodology is developed to estimate the braking friction coefficient for varied runway conditions accurately in real-time. To this end, the extended Kalman filtering technique (EKF) is applied to sensor-measured data using the on-ground mathematical model of aircraft and wheel dynamics. The aircraft velocity and wheel angular velocity are formulated as system states, and the friction coefficient is estimated as an augmented state. The relation between the friction coefficient and wheel slip ratio is established using both simulated and actual ground roll data. Also, the technique is evaluated with the simulated data as well as real aircraft taxi data. The accuracy of friction estimation, with and without the measurement of normal reaction force on the
T.K., Khadeeja Nusrath, Singh, Jatinder
Design Method for Environmental Envelope of Civil Aircraft2025-99-041212/10/2025
The aircraft environmental envelope, also known as the temperature-altitude envelope, is an important design basis and verification benchmark for aircraft structure and system design, as well as the environmental tolerance of airborne equipments. It is also one of the important operational restrictions required by airworthiness regulations for civil aircraft. This article proposes guiding principles and methods for the design of typical aircraft environmental envelope by constructing a model that matches the atmospheric environment model with the aircraft design constraints, providing reference for the design of environmental envelope for civil aircraft models.
Yang, Yang
Dynamic Resource Allocation and Redundancy Optimization for AFDX Networks2025-99-043312/10/2025
With the continuous development of avionics systems towards greater integration and modularization, traditional aircraft buses such as ARINC 429 and MIL-STD-1553B are increasingly facing challenges in meeting the demanding requirements of next-generation avionics systems. These traditional buses struggle to provide sufficient bandwidth efficiency, real-time performance, and scalability for modern avionics applications. In response to these limitations, AFDX (Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet), a deterministic network architecture based on the ARINC 664 standard, has emerged as a critical solution for enabling high-speed data communication in avionics systems. The AFDX architecture offers several advantages, including a dual-redundant network topology, a Virtual Link (VL) isolation mechanism, and well-defined bandwidth allocation strategies, all of which contribute to its robustness and reliability. However, with the increasing complexity of onboard networks and multi-tasking
Yang, Lei, Yang, Youzhi, Wang, Zhaoyi, Chang, An, Zhang, Xin, Lin, Zi
Research on Aircraft Cabin Evaluation System Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process2025-99-041012/10/2025
In order to determine the ranking of factors affecting passengers’ evaluation of the aircraft cabin, a cabin evaluation system for aircraft was constructed by studying domestic and foreign literature. Taking the aircraft cabin as the research object, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to construct an aircraft cabin evaluation system consisting of 3 primary indicators and 15 secondary indicators. The comprehensive weights of each indicator are determined through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, providing important references for aircraft cabin design.
Cai, Ruihong
4D Trajectory Prediction and Vertical Guidance Algorithm for Fuel-Optimal2025-99-040412/10/2025
It is necessary to save fuel, shorten flight time and reduce cost in order to achieve maximum economic benefits. In this paper, based on the flight performance of aircraft, a database based on the optimal index of fuel saving is established, and the corresponding four dimension (4D) trajectory prediction information and vertical profile are generated on this basis. Finally, the vertical guidance simulation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The algorithm can reduce air traffic congestion and improve airport operation efficiency while saving fuel.
Hui, Huihui, Li, Zhiyi
The Current Status and Development Trends of Comprehensive Support UAVs2025-99-044712/10/2025
In the future battlefield, logistics UAVs will play an increasingly important role. The development of logistics UAVs abroad is rapid. Sort out the current development status of logistics UAVs in countries such as the United States, Russia, Israel, and Ukraine, including mission tasks, functional characteristics, and main performance indicators. In addition, the future technological trends of logistics UAVs are studied and predicted. Firstly, diversification of functions, which logistics UAVs will achieve diversified functions in the future, such as material transportation, aerial refueling, unmanned mother aircraft, and transfer of wounded personnel; Secondly, intelligent commendation and control, which logistics UAVs pursue the optimal efficiency in the four steps of ordering, dispatching, delivering, and evaluating in the “food delivery” mode; Finally, resource collaboration. In the collaborative logistics mode of “free riding”, logistics UAVs over a wide area are interconnected
Zhai, Junda, Liu, Dawei, Bai, Qiangqiang, Hua, Jinxing, Wang, Xiaoyue, Yang, Jian, Zou, Xiaoying, Gao, Yuxuan
Research on Trajectory Planning for Urban Traffic Inspection Using Three-Dimensional Flight of UAVs2025-99-045212/10/2025
Objective:Methods:Results:Conclusion:
Sun, Ke, Wan, Qian, Liu, Qianqian, Li, Qiuling
Collaborative Pushback and Taxiing Coordination Departure Control Method for Multi-Runway Airports2025-99-043612/10/2025
In order to improve the operational efficiency of a multi-runway airport, an aircraft pushback and taxiing cooperative departure operation control method is proposed. First, a Markov decision process (MDP) model for dynamic pushback control is established based on the two-runway model. Then, the genetic simulated annealing algorithm is used as the optimization algorithm, and the DPC-GSAA algorithm solution model is proposed to find the conflict-free path with the least fuel consumption for the aircraft and runway selection. Finally, the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by simulation experiments in Beijing International Airport, and the results show that the method can significantly reduce the taxiing waiting time of aircraft and improve the overall operational efficiency of the airport.
Luo, Weizhen, Lian, Guan, Wu, Yingzi, Li, Wenyong, Huang, Haifeng
Aircraft Cross Taxiing Conflict Prediction and Avoidance Methods2025-99-042312/10/2025
With the rapid development of the civil aviation industry, the increasing number of flights has made ensuring the safety and efficiency of airport surface movements a pressing issue. This study establishes a mathematical model to predict the collision risk of aircraft in the intersection area in real time, and proposes appropriate intervention zones for avoidance, implementing a deceleration avoidance strategy. The model is validated using historical operational data from Beijing Capital International Airport, and the results indicate that the proposed model effectively reduces the collision probability to below 0.3. It demonstrates strong performance in predicting cross-path conflicts and reducing conflict risks. Additionally, the deceleration avoidance strategy further lowers the collision probability, improving both the safety and efficiency of airport surface operations. This research offers valuable insights for enhancing the operational efficiency and proactive safety levels of
Zhang, Ting, Lian, Guan, Zhang, Guoxin, Zhao, Yeqi
UAV Station Deployment for Emergency Traffic Incident Management: A Pareto Frontier-Based Approach2025-99-045012/10/2025
This study examines the issue of frequent traffic accidents leading to congestion and subsequent accidents. Timely investigation and management of these incidents is essential for effectively addressing this problem. This study aims to utilize Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology to improve the efficiency of assessing and investigating traffic accidents. We propose a bi-objective spatial optimization model based on identifying high-risk accident locations. This model combines coverage and median objectives within a service area, taking into account coverage requirements and optimizing site distribution. We also propose a constraint-based process to generate a Pareto frontier to help identify various alternative UAV station location scenarios. The model was validated using real traffic accident data from Nanning City, resulting in a UAV station configuration solution that reduces accident response time and improves assessment efficiency by considering multi-objective trade-offs
Li, Qiuling, Wan, Qian, Liu, Qianqian, Sun, Ke
An Enhanced YOLOv11 Model for Small Object Detection in UAV Aerial Images2025-99-044912/10/2025
Identifying objects within images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles poses specific difficulties due to the aerial viewpoint, limited resolution, significant scale variation, and densely distributed targets. These issues hinder accurate identification, particularly of small objects. To mitigate these problems, we developed MSDFYOLO, a innovative architecture built upon YOLOv11, which integrates several structural and functional enhancements tailored for UAV-based imagery. Specifically, we develop the C3K2-GGCA module, an attention-based mechanism embedded in the backbone to better capture spatial dependencies and improve feature extraction. In addition, a lightweight attention strategy is employed to reduce complexity. We further introduce a small-object detection enhancement layer, an improved C2PSA module with deeper fusion between semantic and spatial features, and a multi-scale feature concatenation mechanism to strengthen information integration. To improve training stability and
Zhou, Xingzhong, Liu, Qian, Huang, Hanming
Aerospace & Defense Technology: December 202525AERP1212/4/2025
High-Flying Output: Key Machining Techniques for Structural Aircraft Components Future-Proofing the Tactical Edge: Converging AI, Edge Processing, and Hybrid Cloud for Modern Battlefield Operations Digitally Transforming the Future of Defense: Collaborative Combat Aircraft How Lightweight Coatings Protect Aerospace and Defense Electronics How the US Space Force is Leveraging Commercial Antennas for Defense Applications German Researchers Test Quantum Channels In-Flight Researchers at the German Aerospace Center recently tested a quantum sensor in-flight on a Dornier 228 research aircraft. Novel Chromium-Molybdenum Metal Alloy Withstands Extreme Conditions A new high-temperature resistant material exhibits great potential for applications such as energy-efficient aircraft turbines. Electric Propulsion for a Nuclear-Powered Spacecraft Nuclear microreactors could improve the performance of electric propulsion systems in spacecraft. Controlling Heat Spikes in Electric Aircraft at Takeoff
Digitally Transforming the Future of Defense: Collaborative Combat Aircraft25AERP12_0312/1/2025
Augustine's Law predicts “In the year 2054, the entire defense budget of the United States will purchase just one aircraft. This aircraft will have to be shared by the Air Force and Navy three days each per week except for leap year, when it will be made available to the Marines for the extra day.” While the world is not on course for the $800 billion aircraft as Augustine predicted, the aerospace & defense industry must take steps to bring new technology to the battlefield without the $800 billion price tag. The development of robotic aircraft or drones is one way to deliver new capability faster for less cost.
German Researchers Test Quantum Channels In-Flight25AERP12_0612/1/2025
Researchers at the German Aerospace Center recently tested a quantum sensor in-flight on a Dornier 228 research aircraft. German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany It is not easy to transmit individual photons precisely from an aircraft, capture them in a ground station and detect them successfully. Researchers have, however, now managed to do exactly that. They have even measured, multiple times, various quantum channels between an aircraft and a ground station, sent photons to an ion trap and tested technologies for quantum key distribution (QKD). The flight experiment in question took place as part of the QuNET initiative, aimed at developing quantum-secure communication. Using photons - particles of light - it is possible to generate quantum encryption keys, which will make future communication eavesdrop-proof. The technologies behind this are also paving the way for a future quantum internet, connecting quantum computers with one another.
Controlling Heat Spikes in Electric Aircraft at Takeoff25AERP12_0912/1/2025
Researchers from Brazil are collaborating with a team at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University to develop new methods for controlling heat spikes generated by electric aircraft during the takeoff phase of flight. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL Researchers at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University and Brazil's Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) will combine forces on one of the main challenges of electric aircraft - controlling the heat spikes they generate at takeoff. The collaboration is supported by a $450,000 National Science Foundation International Research Experiences for Students (NSF IRES) grant.
How Lightweight Coatings Protect Aerospace and Defense Electronics25AERP12_0412/1/2025
From satellites and commercial aircraft to uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), the reliability of aerospace and defense electronics depends on their ability to perform flawlessly in extreme conditions. While stresses such as altitude changes, vacuum, vibration, moisture and chemical exposure have the potential to wreak havoc on electronic components, conformal coatings have become essential to providing protection in the midst of these challenges. Applied as thin, lightweight films that follow the contours of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and components, conformal coatings create a barrier between the electronics and the harsh environments in which they must perform. The coatings' ability to provide dielectric insulation, chemical protection and moisture resistance ensures that mission-critical electronics remain functional on the ground, in the sea, in flight or in orbit.
Digitally Transforming the Future of Defense: Collaborative Combat AircraftTBMG-5431812/1/2025
German Researchers Test Quantum Channels In-FlightTBMG-5432112/1/2025
It is not easy to transmit individual photons precisely from an aircraft, capture them in a ground station and detect them successfully. Researchers have, however, now managed to do exactly that. They have even measured, multiple times, various quantum channels between an aircraft and a ground station, sent photons to an ion trap and tested technologies for quantum key distribution (QKD).
Helsing’s New CA-1 Europa Autonomous Fighter JetTBMG-5432512/1/2025
Helsing Munich, Germany communications@helsing.ai
Collaborative Combat Aircraft Engine TestingTBMG-5432612/1/2025
Raytheon East Hartford, CT corporatepr@rtx.com
Controlling Heat Spikes in Electric Aircraft at TakeoffTBMG-5432412/1/2025
Researchers at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University and Brazil’s Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) will combine forces on one of the main challenges of electric aircraft — controlling the heat spikes they generate at takeoff.
A New Method to Protect Aircraft Against GPS OutagesTBMG-5429612/1/2025
Dangling from a weather balloon 80,000 feet above New Mexico, a pair of antennas sticks out from a Styrofoam cooler. From that height, the blackness of space presses against Earth’s blue skies. But the antennas are not captivated by the breathtaking view. Instead, they listen for signals that could make air travel safer.
Impinging Shockwave/Boundary Layer Interaction–Induced Separation Mitigation Using Passive Control01-18-03-001411/28/2025
A passive control device to mitigate shock-induced separation in a generic supersonic inlet model is computationally studied. The simulations were based on the Favre-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. The shockwave was generated by an 8° turn supersonic inlet. The Mach number in the inlet was varied between 2.1 and 2.46. The baseline shockwave/boundary layer interaction (SBLI) simulation results compare favorably with experimental data. The passive device, in the form of a splitter plate, eliminates both the separation and flow unsteadiness. The splitter plate causes reduction in the total pressure of the boundary layer at the exit of the inlet due to increased skin friction on the floor and due to wake of the plate.
Olcmen, Semih, Wahidi, Redha, Hegde, Amruthkiran, Datta, Narendra
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 10845