Investigating high-speed aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics presents a significant challenge for manned re-entry missions. The thermal effects on the surface of the re-entry vehicle and atmospheric stresses are primarily influenced by re-entry type and flight trajectory. This study investigates the monostability characteristics and aerothermodynamics of the Orion re-entry vehicle by incorporating static fins onto the aft fuselage of the vehicle, ensuring the lift-to-drag ratio remains unaffected throughout the numerical simulations. The study evaluated two different Mach numbers of 7 and 9 at various altitudes. The models were analyzed at different angles of attack from 0° to 90° in increments of 15°. The model with static fins exhibits a displacement in the monostable trim point, a reduction in the heat-shield pressure coefficient, and enhanced heat transfer throughout the re-entry vehicle.

Sabapathy, Santhosh

Identification and Assessment of Damage to Composite Aircraft Structures Training Document

AIR6825 (Current)

6/10/2026

Individuals who complete the applicable modules aligned with this training document will be able to define the type of damage, define the extent of damage, determine if further inspection is required, evaluate the damage against published allowable damage limits, and provide accurate documentation of the damage. The intended outcome of the training is increased safety such that no aircraft is released with unknown damage and that the aircraft meets continued airworthiness requirements. The goal is to change the culture from damage discovery to damage reporting while also reducing or eliminating flight delays due to incorrect or insufficient information. Teaching levels have been assigned to the curriculum to define the knowledge, skills, and abilities graduates will need. Minimum hours of instruction have been provided to ensure adequate coverage of all subject matter including lecture and practical exercise. These minimums may be exceeded and may include an increase in the total

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Tape Epoxy Repair Prepreg, Vacuum Curing Part 0 - Introduction

AMS6885 (Current)

6/10/2026

This document (Technical Specification) gives information about qualification rules and the relation between the different specification parts involved, such as the Technical Specification (TS), the Material Specification (MS), and the Purchasing Specifications (PS).

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Aircraft Surface Coating Interaction with Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids

AIR6232 (Current)

6/10/2026

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides descriptions of test methods for determining if an aircraft surface coating of any thickness has adverse effects on aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids with respect to fluid holdover time performance and aerodynamic performance. Although not the primary mandate of the G-12 Aircraft Ground Deicing Committee, this document also provides descriptions of suggested test methods for evaluating aircraft surface coatings with respect to durability, hardness, weathering, aerodynamic drag, ice adhesion, ice accumulation, contact angle, and thermal conductivity. These additional tests can provide informational data for characterizing the coatings and may be useful to operators when evaluating the coatings.

G-12ADF Aircraft Deicing Fluids

An Investigation on Eppler 387 and Selig 1223 Airfoils Integrated Wing Section for Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2026-01-5035

6/3/2026

This study examines the aerodynamic performance of a wing section incorporating high-lift airfoils for use in a solar-powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operating at low speeds. This paper evaluates the aerodynamic performance of a wing section integrated with high-lift airfoils for application in a solar-powered UAV. The primary objective is to simulate low-speed flight conditions representative of solar-powered UAV missions in order to obtain relevant aerodynamic parameters by adopting Eppler 387 and Selig 1223 airfoils. Experimental and Numerical simulations are performed over a range of angles of attack to systematically assess key aerodynamic coefficients, including the coefficient of lift (Cl), coefficient of drag (Cd), and coefficient of pressure (Cp) to sustain the flight physics and steady level flight. A scaled prototype of the wing section is experimentally evaluated in a low-subsonic wind tunnel to validate the computational results under low-speed operating conditions

D., Lakshmanan, Swaminathan, Selvam

Functional, Performance, and Safety Guidelines for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) for Aircraft

ARP6137A (Current)

6/1/2026

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes the overall component and system function guidelines and minimum performance levels for a TPMS. These guidelines include, but are not limited to: Design recommendations for system components, which: Monitor tire inflation Are located in/on the tire/wheel assembly, landing gear axle, and/or aircraft avionics compartment Recommended performance and safety guidelines for a TPMS.

A-5 Aerospace Landing Gear Systems Committee

Conceptual Design of Hydrogen Fuel-Cell-Based Utility Aircraft

2026-26-0783

6/1/2026

The aviation industry contributes to around 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions. As various sectors of the economy look to reduce their global carbon footprint, the aviation industry is positively acknowledging alternatives to jet fuel. Hydrogen proves to be one such alternative having a high energy density and producing zero carbon emissions on combustion. Hydrogen when used in a jet engine produces water vapour and NOx emissions. In order to reduce the effect of GHGs, the current study aims to develop aircraft concepts suitable with hydrogen propulsion through fuel cells for a short-haul commercial mission profile. Aircrafts such as Metro-23 and Dornier 228-212 were referenced for the requirements of a utility turboprop aircraft. The weight estimation was done to obtain the take-off weight of 10,863 kg following the optimization of thrust to weight ratio and wing loading to calculate the initial dimensions. OpenVSP was used to model the initial structure of the aircraft. For the

Bhattacharya, Anisha, Seetha Ramu, Sree Valli, C N, Lakshmi Manasa, Rohit, Benjamin

Advanced Silicone Materials for Harsh Aerospace Environments

26AERP06_01

6/1/2026

Aerospace and defense systems demand materials capable of maintaining performance under extreme environmental and operational stressors, including wide thermal cycling ranges, exposure to hydrocarbon fuels, vacuum conditions, and repeated mechanical strain. Silicone-based materials have become essential in these environments because they can retain elasticity, stability, and functionality where many traditional materials fail. Silicones are widely used as coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers in aircraft and spacecraft applications. Their chemical structure enables resistance to both high and low temperatures, while also providing durability against solvents and fuels such as jet fuel. In contrast, many conventional elastomers degrade under prolonged thermal exposure or become brittle at cryogenic temperatures.

From Racing Car to Rocket Tank

26AERP06_08

6/1/2026

German startup Blackwave is building carbon parts for rocket tanks. Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Carbon fiber has become indispensable in high-performance industries such as automotive engineering and aerospace. It's lightweight, extremely durable, and can be shaped in almost any way. The start-up Blackwave, founded at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), specializes in this versatile composite material. What began with custom components for sports cars and aircraft has evolved into the development of high-pressure tanks for space applications. As is so often the case in engineering, a small detail determines technological progress. In the case of rockets, it is the high-pressure tanks that are specially designed for the fuel systems. As rockets are designed to be as light as possible, they lose structural stability when the fuel tanks, known as primary tanks, are emptied. A trick is used to counteract this: alongside fuel combustion, noble gases are released

Design and Multi-Faceted Validation of UAV Arm Clamps, Landing Gear and Motor Mounts via Generative Design in Autodesk Fusion 360

2026-26-0734

6/1/2026

This study presents a comprehensive methodology for optimizing critical UAV structural nodes—specifically Arm Clamps, Landing Gear, and Motor Mounts—using Generative Design (GD) tailored for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) with PLA+. Traditional “plate-and-standoff” UAV constructions often utilize orthogonal geometries that induce stress concentrations and fail to leverage the geometric freedom of additive manufacturing. Furthermore, reliance on expensive CNC machining or injection molding creates supply chain bottlenecks for custom or short-run UAV production. While FFF offers geometric freedom, applying it to structural airframe parts introduces challenges regarding anisotropy, layer adhesion, and material brittleness. This research optimizes these components for standard commercial 3D printers by strictly enforcing manufacturing constraints, including a 40-degree maximum overhang and a 0.4 mm nozzle size, to ensure printability without internal support structures. A significant

Krishna Bansal, Vaibhav

Weight Estimation of Novel Aircraft Configurations in Early Design Phase

2026-26-0773

6/1/2026

Initial weight estimation from Top Level Aircraft Requirements (TLAR) is a critical first step in aircraft design, yet existing empirical methods are inadequate for novel configurations such as those using Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) or Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF). This paper presents a hybrid methodology for top-level weight estimation of such unconventional aircraft. The approach is based on modifying a conventional baseline aircraft, integrating a new statistical model with component-specific weight estimations. A multivariate regression model to estimate the empty weight fraction (We/W0) was developed from a dataset of 44 conventional aircraft, yielding an R-squared value of 0.833. This statistical model was integrated with physics-based models for novel components, including cryogenic fuel tanks and fuel systems. The methodology accounts for iterative changes to fuselage structure and parasitic drag. Four configurations were analyzed: fuel types being Jet A1, SAF, LH2 with aft

Goyal, Tushar

Electric Health-Monitoring Wiring (E-Wiring) for Aircraft

2026-26-0785

6/1/2026

Modern aircraft depend on extensive electrical wiring networks for power distribution, avionics, and control systems; however, these wiring systems are vulnerable to wear, insulation degradation, and arcing over time, leading to safety risks and costly unscheduled maintenance. This paper introduces an advanced Electric Health-Monitoring Wiring (E-Wiring) system that integrates temperature, current, insulation, vibration, and environmental sensors directly into aircraft wiring harnesses to enable continuous monitoring and intelligent fault detection. Data from these embedded sensors are processed through a distributed edge AI network, forming an Electrical Health Monitoring System (EHMS) capable of real-time diagnostics, predictive maintenance, and fault localization. The architecture comprises smart cable segments with sensor nodes, local harness gateways for edge processing, aircraft-level EHMS integration via AFDX/Ethernet, and cockpit or maintenance displays linked to ground-based

Tammana, Bala Sai Sri Rohit, Murthy, Harsha, Mendu, HarikaSivaniSunandha

ADS-B in the Age of Cyber Threats: Preserving Safety without Compromising Accessibility

2026-26-0768

6/1/2026

Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) has become a cornerstone of modern aviation, revolutionizing Air Traffic Management (ATM) through its ability to continuously transmit real-time flight data—including GPS-derived position, altitude, and velocity. Since its widespread operational deployment over the past decade, ADS-B has significantly enhanced situational awareness, improved safety, extended surveillance coverage into previously unmonitored airspace, and enabled more efficient aircraft routing and separation. However, despite its many advantages, the fundamental design of ADS-B introduces notable security vulnerabilities. Because ADS-B signals are unencrypted and unauthenticated, malicious actors can inject fraudulent broadcasts, creating the illusion of non-existent aircraft. Such spoofing attacks can trigger false cockpit alerts and distract pilots during critical phases of flight. The current ADS-B data format prioritizes simplicity to accommodate a broad range of

Chikkegowda, Kantha, Shetty, Ramesh, Khan, Kalimulla, Sahoo, Subhransu

Drilling Studies on Sustainable Lightweight Hybrid Polymer Matrix High-Performance Nanocomposites

2026-26-0732

6/1/2026

Worldwide, engineers are exploring the possibility of using polymer composites in their quest for lightweight materials. In this study, injection moulding was used to develop a biodegradable polymer PLA composite containing 20 wt.% vetiver fibers (VFs) and 2 wt.% nano-silica (nSiO2) obtained from pearl millet, which is sustainable. Materials need machining as secondary operation that required joining. Desirability analysis was used to examine and optimize machining (drilling) studies that were designed with Taguchi's design (L9 orthogonal array). Surface roughness (SR) and delamination factor (Fd) were taken as outputs, while spindle speed (SS), feed rate (FR), and drill diameter (DD) were the inputs. Drilling studies were performed on a single vertical machining center (VMC). ANOVA identifies that the FR had the most decisive influence on SR (F=559.24, p=0.001785), followed by DD and SS. FR is the dominant contributor to Fd (F=379, p=0.00263), followed by SS and DD. At low SS and high

Senthilkumar, N.

Unified and Certifiable Cybersecurity Management Framework for IVHM

2026-26-0767

6/1/2026

Commercial and military aircraft increasingly rely on Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) as a critical enabler for predictive maintenance, operational efficiency, and mission availability. The evolution of IVHM data communication architecture- from legacy wire-based networks to more wireless based architecture involving onboard wireless sensor networks (WSN) and IP-based air to ground communication networks introduces multidomain cyber-physical attack surfaces that challenge both functional safety and continued airworthiness. DO-326A/ED-202A and DO-356A/ED-203A standards define aviation cybersecurity requirements within a safety-driven assurance context, and IEC 62443 standard offers a defense-in-depth, lifecycle-based control framework for industrial systems. A unified approach by mapping and harmonizing the complimentary aspects of these two standards has the potential to simplify and expedite the security assurance and certification process for the IVHM and other digital

Samudrala, Ramakrishna, Ramamurthy, Prasanna

Investigation of Aluminium Alloy Composites Reinforced with Zirconium oxide and Solid Lubricant Attributes for Brake and Clutch Components of Aircrafts

2026-26-0752

6/1/2026

For brake and clutch components of aircraft vehicles which require higher mechanical strength and wear resilient, light-weight aluminium composites were developed infusing solid lubricant. In this study, hybrid composites were developed using powder metallurgy route with aluminum alloy AA356 and various amounts of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) as reinforcements. A solid lubricant hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) at a fixed 5 wt.% is considered. Following the appropriate ASTM guidelines, the specimens were mechanically characterized by measuring their density, porosity, micro-hardness, compression strength, impact strength, and flexural strength, among other properties. The findings showed that the composites' mechanical and physical behaviour were greatly affected by the inclusion of ZrO2. Porosity increased as a result of particle clustering and interfacial voids, while density increased gradually as ceramic content increased. Consistently increasing ZrO2 addition

Senthilkumar, N.

Impact Study of Terrestrial Jamming on GNSS Receiver On-Board Launch Vehicles and Mitigation Technique Using RF Switch

2026-26-0766

6/1/2026

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are widely being used in aerospace as well as automotive applications primarily for navigation applications. ISRO uses indigenously developed GNSS receivers in its Launch vehicles (LV) mainly for POD (Preliminary Orbit Determination) and for INS aiding in long duration missions. Advanced GNSS receivers are being developed and used in ISRO’s new generation launch vehicles for closed loop guidance (CLG) applications. Being used in CLG, continuous solution availability and robustness of GNSS solutions are of paramount importance. From April 2023 onwards, GNSS receivers on-board ISRO’s LV missions have shown degraded performance in terms of reduction in no. of satellites tracked and in some cases loss of GNSS solution as well. This was seen in multiple missions and was analyzed in detail. It was observed that there is nearly 3-4dB reduction in carrier to noise density (C/No) ratio and corresponding change in RF AGC gain is also observed

A, Mohammed Basim, O T, Anand Shankara, V S, Biju, V Gopal, Biju, V S, Vinoj, K, Balan, C, Radhakrishna Pillai

A Robust 6-DOF Dynamic Soaring Framework Incorporating Variable Aerodynamic Derivatives

2026-26-0771

6/1/2026

Dynamic soaring is a flight technique that exploits wind shear for sustained flight. It is commonly observed in birds such as albatrosses and holds significant potential for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) missions. Previous research has primarily focused on trajectory generation using direct optimal control or differential flatness. This paper proposes an enhancement to the existing six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) trajectory generation method based on differential flatness. The proposed formulation includes sideslip and accounts for all stability and control derivatives. A Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) solver is then used to compute steady aerodynamic forces and moments, which are compared against the constant-derivative-based trajectories. To assess the validity of the constant-derivative assumption, a 6-DOF UAV model is simulated in a dynamic soaring orbit with stability augmentation provided by a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). The observed divergence in this simulation highlights the

Swaminathan, Bharath

Agentic Digital Thread for Managing the Non-Conformities in Manufacturing of Aerospace Products

2026-26-0763

6/1/2026

Aerospace manufacturing operates within an intricate ecosystem where quality, compliance and traceability are critical to success. Conventional digital thread frameworks provide connectivity but remain largely passive, lacking the intelligence to autonomously manage complex non-conformities across the product lifecycle. This paper introduces an Agentic Digital Thread powered by Agentic AI, designed to transform non-conformity management into an adaptive, self-orchestrating system that actively drives decision-making and corrective actions [1, 4]. The proposed architecture employs a Master Agent to coordinate workflows and maintain end-to-end data continuity, while specialized Agents autonomously manage domain-specific tasks. In the pre-manufacturing phase, these agents proactively validate requirements, material conformity and process planning through integration with PLM, MES, ERP, QMS and supplier systems. In the post-manufacturing phase, the framework extends to concession

Veluri, Sastry, Gopala Krishnan, Kannan

Predictive Obsolescence Management

2026-26-0780

6/1/2026

In the field of Aerospace, which has a long Life-Cycle process [20-30Years], Component Obsolescence has become a major problem as it prevents Maintenance & sustenance of a product with committed life-cycle period. Obsolescence Management plays a vital role by deriving strategic plans on proactive obsolescence where the system needs to be supported for several decades. This abstract analyzes the obsolescence challenges in the Aviation industry especially in Avionics System impacted by component obsolescence and present the possible proactive obsolescence management in terms of Engineering, Technology, and business/cost elements. The Obsolescence problem cannot be avoided but the impact of obsolescence and mitigate the risk can be minimized by planning and managing response. The obsolescence risk assessment for the Bill Of Materials (BOM) is a paramount activity to manage obsolescence proactively and cost-effectively. Digital Transformation of analyzing the component obsolescence status

Dharmananyala, Rohith, Munirathnam, Krishna, Marokeyfrancis, Joisyjose, Sadashivaiah, Nagesh, Kondamari, Harshitha

Transforming Aircraft MRO with Agentic AI and Context Engineering

2026-26-0788

6/1/2026

Aircraft Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) operations are highly complex, involving coordination among multiple stakeholders including airlines, MRO providers, OEMs, and regulatory authorities. A significant challenge in this space is managing unplanned events such as Aircraft on Ground (AOG) conditions, where delays can lead to major financial losses to airlines and safety risks. Engineers must quickly diagnose the damage, evaluate compliance against regulatory limits, coordinate with OEMs, and make critical decisions—all while navigating a fragmented ecosystem of disconnected systems, diverse document types, and time-sensitive processes. This paper presents a real-world, intelligent MRO solution that addresses these challenges through the use of Agentic AI and context engineering. The system is designed to automate and augment key MRO workflows such as damage detection, repair pathway selection, compliance verification, and supplier coordination. At its core, the solution is

Abburu, Sunitha, G.V.V., Ravi Kumar, Poovalingam, Sundaresan, Vaderahobli, Devaraja Holla

Thermal Management System in Commercial Aircraft: A Case Study on Passenger Egress System

2026-26-0760

6/1/2026

It is known fact that Thermal management systems are essential to the safety, operational efficiency, and structural integrity of present-day commercial aircraft. Very critical insulation and thermal protection materials are utilized across various aircraft zones to mitigate extreme temperature challenges, ranging from cryogenic conditions at high altitude to pyrotechnic conditions at low altitude/ sea level. Some of the examples where specific materials at their functional role are, In engine pylons and nacelles, high temperature alloys such as Titanium and Inconel, along with ceramic Matrix composites (CMCs) serve as firewalls and heat shields, which are designed to contain fires and protect primary structures. In bleed air ducting, fiberglass or silica insulations blankets are employed to prevent thermal degradation of surrounding aluminum and composite components, when air at temperatures above 200 degree C flows. This paper focuses on the critical insulation and thermal protection

Govindaraju, Parthasarathy, Nanjundegowda, Harshavardhana

Effect of Fluid Flow/Time Duration on Static Voltage Generation for Aerospace Hose Assembly

2026-26-0757

6/1/2026

Static electricity is an electrical imbalance on the surface of a material which can interact with other components having same or different materials. Fluid flow within the hose assembly generates static voltage due to friction caused by fluid flow in pipes, that needs to be appropriately quantified and dissipated. Accumulation of such static charge may lead to sudden discharge leading to spark generation. Spark generation around fuel flow might lead to system failure and failure in aircraft engines. Test experiments were conducted to analyze static voltage generated in hose assembly due to fuel flow with the objective that voltage achieved is within the acceptable range to avoid ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) failure. Procedure includes flow rate monitoring and voltage measurement using fuel as test fluid. The testing revealed that the curvature of the hose affects the readings, highlighting the importance of consistent meter alignment. Using a grounding strap is essential to prevent

Waghmare, Shashank

Automated Flight Manoeuver Recognition for Intelligent Flight Simulators

2026-26-0713

6/1/2026

The rapid growth in the number of aircraft and pilots emphasises the need for an AI-enabled training framework that can offer precise, automated examination of flight manoeuvres. This will be useful in optimising the pilot's training efficiency and minimising iterations of the conduct of flight manoeuvres, thereby reducing the training time of the pilot for a flight. A general framework is developed that can be used for all kinds of flight phases and aircraft types. A pre-trained machine learning model is designed using a supervised learning technique, Random Forest, to recognise different manoeuvres. Various statistical parameters, such as mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, etc., of several flight parameters were used as the input features to train the Random Forest classifier. In the present work, the classifier is trained using several actual flight test data manoeuvres, and is also supplemented with simulated manoeuvres. The achieved gross accuracy for manoeuvre

Sahu, Akash, C, Poornima, C, Aravindh, Kaliyari, Dushyant, TK, Khadeeja Nusrath

Hybrid Physics-Informed Neural Network and PID Control for Fault-Tolerant Autonomous Multi-Copters

2026-26-0770

6/1/2026

This paper addresses the critical challenge of fault-tolerant control in autonomous multi-copters, particularly under conditions of one or two rotor failures a scenario that often leads to severe instability and a complete loss of directional control due to unbalanced torque and resultant autorotation. Existing advanced control strategies, including optimal approaches such as LQR, typically require precise system modeling and state estimation, which are difficult to achieve in real-world, dynamic failure scenarios. Alternative methods like fuzzy logic, sliding mode control, and gain-scheduling either lack robust generalization or are impractical for enumerating all possible failure cases. In this work, a hybrid control framework integrating Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINN) with a standard PID controller is proposed for fault-tolerant operation of autonomous multi-copters subject to multiple actuator failures. PINNs incorporate governing physical laws as regularization in their

Charapalle, Samruddhi, Venugopalan, Nandagopalan, Nerkundram Muralidharan, Arun, Sundararaj, Laveen

Model Reference Adaptive Gain-Scheduled PID control for Robust Heading Stabilization in UAS under Wind Disturbances

2026-26-0723

6/1/2026

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are increasingly deployed in diverse missions, and maintaining heading stability in the presence of unpredictable wind disturbance is a significant challenge. This paper proposes a novel model reference adaptive gain-scheduled PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control framework tailored for the heading control of flapping-wing UAS (ornithopter) operating under dynamic wind conditions. The control architecture integrates an estimated wind disturbance value and adaptively tunes the PID gains by minimizing the error between the actual system response and a desired reference model. Gain scheduling mechanism uses airspeed, yaw rate, and estimated wind magnitude to ensure stability. The proposed method is validated on a 6-DOF UAS simulation model subjected to dynamic wind and temperature variation profiles. Comparative results show improved heading accuracy, responsiveness, and robustness over conventional fixed-gain and static gain-scheduled PID

M V, Aruna, Melissa, Arul

A Study on the Future of Battery Based Electric Aircraft Propulsion

2026-26-0782

6/1/2026

Today the aviation industry is witnessing a paradigm shift in the propulsion technology which has been unseen since the 1930s, when the gas turbine took over from the more established piston engines. For the emerging electric propulsion to survive and flourish, it must demonstrate clear superiority over the mature baseline technology of the gas turbine. It is a fact that the current battery technology is a limiting factor as it is not competitive compared to a gas turbine that is 30-50 times more energy dense. Naturally, the present electric propulsion developments concentrate on smaller aircraft applications and use on a large aircraft is possibly decades away. Apart from the energy density, from a thermal perspective the architectures are vastly different from each other. A conventional aircraft fitted with a gas turbine has readily available heat sinks in fuel and air that aids in heat transfer. Compressed air bleeds from the engine manage the thermal demands of the engine itself

Arun, K P, Srinivas, Varsha, Joshi, Jayanth, Suresh, Chandini, Naskar, Proloy Jyoti

A GenAI-Based Approach for Real-Time Multilingual In-Flight Communication Systems

2026-26-0784

6/1/2026

In today’s global aviation industry, passenger experience is strongly influenced by effective communication. In-flight announcements, often limited to English and a single local language, can create confusion and stress for international travelers who may not be fluent in either. This communication gap not only impacts passenger comfort but also poses potential risks in conveying time-sensitive or safety-critical information. Recent advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), particularly in speech recognition, neural machine translation, and naturalistic text-to-speech, provide a pathway to overcome these challenges. This paper explores the concept of real-time multilingual in-flight announcements delivered in each passenger’s preferred language through connected headphones or personal devices. The proposed system architecture integrates speech-to-text conversion, language translation, and speech synthesis with aircraft infotainment platforms. Potential applications range

Mishra, Ashwini, Kature, Kartik, Patil, Ashish

Implementation of Wireless IoT Technology for Enhanced Communication and Monitoring in EVAC Slide Emergency Systems

2026-26-0792

6/1/2026

Emergency evacuation slides (EVAC slides) are critical safety devices used on aircraft to enable rapid egress during emergencies. While these slides provide a quick and reliable escape route, communication between separated slides during evacuation remains a challenge. Often, during raft deployment over water, slides may drift apart impeding communication among evacuees and rescue personnel potentially compromising safety. Existing aircraft EVAC systems lack integrated wireless communication relying on visual or voice signals that are unreliable in chaotic conditions. This paper explores the integration of wireless IoT technology into EVAC slide systems to facilitate inter-slide communication and monitor critical parameters such as slide air pressure and the floating weight of stranded passengers through embedded sensors. It proposes the adoption of Long Range (LoRa) modulation technology for wireless communication chosen for its low-power, long-range performance and license-free

Sengodan, Rajkumar, Talore, Suresh

Leveraging True Altitude Data to Improve Static Pressure Calibration from Dynamic Manoeuvres

2026-26-0729

6/1/2026

The paper presents a method for enhancing the static pressure calibration of a high-performance aircraft. Despite the pre-flight calibration using CFD and Wind Tunnel techniques, position errors are generally observed in the free stream parameters, which necessitate further calibration of air data sensors using flight test data. In the present research, the pressure coefficient is estimated as a time-varying parameter in the flight path reconstruction environment implemented using the Extended Kalman Filtering technique. Aircraft kinematic equations were used for the implementation of the state and measurement models, and flight test data from full flight sorties were used in the estimation process. An extensive validation of the on-board air data calibration tables was conducted. Mean values of the static pressure coefficient were updated using data from multiple sorties, each including computed mean errors from three independent sensors. A comparative analysis between the pre

TK, Khadeeja Nusrath, Patel, Dr. Ambalal V, J, Prabhavathi Bhai

Accelerating Aircraft Verification and Certification through an Integrated Virtual and Physical Testing Approach

2026-26-0710

6/1/2026

Aircraft verification and certification entail a variety of testing tasks and require coordination among numerous stakeholders across different disciplines to ensure alignment on requirements. Historically, certification strategies have relied on both physical testing and high-fidelity simulation. The integration of these complementary approaches is essential to address their respective blind spots and to support credible certification evidence. A key challenge lies in the rigorous correlation of simulation models with physical test data. Flutter verification, for instance, is a critical component in defining the aircraft’s flight envelope and plays a foundational role in certifying safe operational boundaries. In this work, the process of freedom from flutter verification is demonstrated. This work introduces a novel approach to combining simulation and test data with the aim to accelerate and streamline the verification process leading to more efficient and cost-effective aircraft

Hallez, Raphael, Yadabettu, Dayanand Kumar, de Boer, Jens, Aspasiou, Vicky

Aircraft Cabin Diagnosis – Inspection of the Aircraft Cabins and Seats Using AI

2026-26-0789

6/1/2026

Aircraft interior defects, including seat structural damage, cushion degradation, liquid contamination, and foreign object presence, contribute to increased maintenance burden, extended ground time, and operational inefficiencies. Current inspection practices rely predominantly on manual visual checks, which are time-intensive and limited in detecting concealed anomalies. This paper presents a non-contact, AI-enabled inspection framework integrating millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar sensing with high-definition optical imaging for automated aircraft seat condition assessment. The proposed system captures interior scans when the aircraft is unoccupied and compares them against a digitally established baseline reference obtained under certified, defect-free conditions. Data fusion and machine learning algorithms analyze deviations to identify surface and subsurface defects at seat-level resolution and generate zone-based maintenance maps. The primary technical contribution lies in combining

Nagoal, Chandrasekhar Reddy, Prathipati, Krishna Chaitanya, Kandukuri, Ravindra

Evaluation of APNT Systems to Support PBN Operations in Lieu of GNSS over Indian Air Space

2026-26-0769

6/1/2026

At present airborne navigation is primarily dependent on GNSS to enable Performance Based Navigation (PBN) services, both Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP), to aviation users on a global scale. However, due to the apparent increase in the disruption of GNSS signals in the airspace due to Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), in the event of loss of GNSS, this dependency may lead to inefficient use of airspace and potentially lead to service degradation. Thus, making the sole reliance on GNSS untenable highlighting the need for RNP services based on terrestrial sources. A key aspect of making PBN resilient to RFI and other GNSS threats is to evaluate the current capability and drive modernization of Alternate Positioning, Navigation and Timing (APNT) systems to support seamless RNP operations. Improvements in PNT integration with other aircraft systems and enhancements in RFI situational awareness provided to operators/flight crews are essential to fully

Narayanan, Shrivathsan, Kottackal, Sebin K, Roy, Joydeep

Data-Driven Air Traffic Management: Forecasting Demand, Modeling Delay Propagation, and Demand Capacity Balancing

2026-26-0772

6/1/2026

Air Traffic Management (ATM) must be familiar with the exact Aircraft Take-off Weights (ATOWs) of airplanes to make the most use of runways, maintain safety margins high, and keep utilization and resources in balance. This paper aims to present a dependable ATOW forecasting methodology that can assist the air transport industry in enhancing operational decision-making. This research used datasets acquired from the EUROCONTROL Performance Review Commission (PRC) 2024 Aircraft Take-Off Weight Estimation dataset featuring 527,000 flights over Europe containing aircraft details, air trips and flight conditions. Technique comprises structured data input, inspection of missing data, timestamp aggregation to identify demand cycles over time, and domain-specific feature engineering using distance_per_minute, block_minutes, taxiout_ratio, and a strong wake turbulence metric The two supervised learning models used were Linear Regression (LR) for understanding and XGBoost for performance

Senthilkumar, N., S, Gopalakrishnan, Gopinath, S

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Composites through Addition of Graphene Oxide

2026-26-0753

6/1/2026

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) demand structural materials that are lightweight, strong, impact-resistant, and durable in diverse environments. The synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites have varying mechanical performance depending on the fiber matrix interfacial properties. This research analyzes the influence of Graphene Oxide (GO) nano fillers on mechanical properties of composites. Firstly, the epoxy resin was modified by incorporating different weight percentage of Graphene Oxide. This resin was used to make an composite laminate using different materials (Carbon, Glass and combination of these fibers). Then the composites were put through the tensile, compression, flexural tests. The synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites have a significant improvement in mechanical properties due to the addition of Graphene Oxide.

Manoharan, Dinesh, Langford, Peter, M.K., Padmanabhan, R, Prithviraj, Rajkumar, Subbiah, Karthikeyan, Ravikumar, Veeramuthu, Balasubramaniyan, Gunaseelan, John, T, Thangaraj

Autonomous Aircraft Docking: A Vision-Based Approach to Aircraft Parking Systems

2026-26-0786

6/1/2026

Automated aircraft parking systems enhance airport ground operations by enabling precise and autonomous docking of aircraft at gates. These systems reduce turnaround time, minimize human error, and optimize apron space through real-time object detection, obstacle avoidance, and dynamic path planning. Unlike fixed guided-path methods, the proposed system adapts to congestion and environmental conditions such as low visibility, ensuring safety and efficient maneuvering. Validation through simulation demonstrates the system’s potential to improve operational resilience and support scalable automation in future airport infrastructure.

Penugonda, Navya Sunaina, Ediga, Venkatadiwakar Goud

Zero Waste Manufacturing in Aerospace: Circular Design Approaches from Concept to End-of-Life

2026-26-0775

6/1/2026

Achieving zero-waste manufacturing in aerospace requires a shift from end-of-pipe waste mitigation toward circular design principles embedded early in product development. This paper presents a practical framework for integrating circularity into aerospace systems through five design pillars: design for modularity and disassembly, material substitution to enhance recyclability, waste segregation and characterization, component-level circularity readiness scoring, and collaborative supplier engagement. To operationalize this approach, a Circularity Readiness Assessment Tool (CRAT) is developed to evaluate design alternatives against criteria such as disassembly ease, material recyclability, manufacturing waste potential, end-of-life recovery pathways, and supplier take-back mechanisms. The framework supports multi-criteria decision-making by complementing traditional aerospace design drivers including weight, performance, cost, and safety. The methodology is demonstrated through a case

S, Chaitra

Design Optimization of Aircraft Light Optics: Eliminating Fasteners by Flexure-Based Clamp to Mitigate the Crack Formation and Validation through HALT

2026-26-0750

6/1/2026

Aircraft lighting systems play a vital role in ensuring operational safety, visibility, and regulatory compliance. Exterior lighting systems are essential for aircraft identification, navigation, collision avoidance, and ground operations under varying environmental conditions. These systems typically include navigation lights, anti-collision lights, landing and taxi lights. An aircraft lighting system comprises light sources, optical elements, electronic control units, power interfaces, wiring harnesses, and mechanical mounting structures. Among these components, optics are critical as they control light distribution, intensity, color accuracy, and efficiency while withstanding harsh aerospace environments such as vibration, thermal cycling, and aerodynamic loads. Aircraft exterior lights are subjected to severe thermo-mechanical stresses due to aerodynamic loading, vibration, and thermal cycling. The use of high-performance optical polymers such as Cyclo Olefin Polymers (COP

Vialta, Frederico, S, Nikhil, Katageri, Praveen, SP, Pradeep, Singh, Abhimanyu Kumar

Research on Automatic Installation of Flash-Type Bird Collision Warning Device on Drones

2026-99-1719

5/22/2026

Bird accidental collision with overhead transmission lines poses a threat to the ecology of rare bird populations. This article analyzes the warning measures to prevent birds from accidental collisions at home and abroad. In response to the low efficiency of manual installation and the poor static warning effect in preventing birds from accidental collisions with overhead transmission lines, the visual characteristics of birds are analyzed. A drone-based automatic installation flash-type bird accidental collision warning device is proposed, which includes a fixture, a disc, and a luminous circuit. The fixture can be carried and installed on the overhead line by a drone and can be easily disassembled. The disc adopts eye-catching colors and has a hollow structure to reduce wind resistance load. The luminous circuit includes solar panels, charge and discharge control circuits, flicker control circuits, batteries, and luminous components. The drone suspension warning device test was

Wang, Jian, Wang, Xiulong, Liu, Bin, Li, Danyu, Xu, Xunjian

Multi-Physics Modeling of Aircraft Hybrid Propulsion Systems Integrating Batteries, SOFC, and Jet Engine

2026-99-1703

5/22/2026

This paper presents a multi-physics modeling approach for a hybrid propulsion system designed for High-Altitude Long-Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (HALE UAVs), integrating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), lithium-ion batteries, and a jet engine. A dynamic model was developed to analyze the coupled characteristics of pressure, temperature, and power under steady-state conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the internally integrated system achieves efficient fuel and waste heat recovery, delivering a net power output of 300–700 kW, sufficient to meet the operational demands of HALE UAVs. Key innovations include a heat exchanger maintaining SOFC stack inlet temperatures above 850 K for optimal performance and a compressor-fan subsystem enhancing gas compression efficiency. Experimental validation confirmed the accuracy of the SOFC model, with simulated electrical characteristics aligning closely with empirical data. The proposed hybrid system addresses limitations in specific

Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Di, Zhao, Lulu, Li, Xi

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning For Task Generation of Transmission Tower Inspection Using Point Clouds

2026-99-0754

5/15/2026

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used for inspecting transmission towers. However, traditional waypoint planning relies heavily on manual experience. This leads to low efficiency, incomplete coverage, and a lack of standardization. Facing these problems, this paper proposes an intelligent generation method based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL). This method achieves end-to-end automation, converting raw point cloud data directly into an optimal set of waypoints. Preprocess and grid the point cloud data to build a model of the coverage area. Then design a hierarchical framework to break down the complex planning task. This framework divides the task into high-level waypoint selection and low-level pose optimization. Specifically, the high-level part uses a Deep Q-Network (DQN) to learn the best sequence of waypoints. The low-level part uses Q-learning tables to optimize the pitch and yaw angles for each point. Meanwhile, design a reward function to maximize

Cui, Shicheng, Lin, Shizhong, Shao, Zhan, Chen, Ruiduan, Li, Xingyu, Luo, He

Design of a Novel Intelligent Monitoring Platform for Low and Medium Altitudes

2026-99-0739

5/15/2026

This paper presents the design of a novel intelligent monitoring platform for low and medium altitudes, aiming to offer a new solution for the development of intelligent equipment operating in this airspace. Current monitoring tasks are primarily performed by fixed-wing and multi-rotor UAVs, but these platforms face significant technical bottlenecks in flight endurance and monitoring precision. This research aims to address these deficiencies. The platform is based on a small-scale unmanned airship featuring a semi-rigid, hybrid lift-body structure. Improvements were made upon the traditional ellipsoidal hull; the hull profile was optimized using a geometric superposition method, introducing an aerodynamic camber line with a maximum camber (m) of 4% to enhance aerodynamic performance at small angles of attack. In terms of its energy system, the platform is powered by a purely electric energy system composed of solar panels and batteries; solar energy is used during the day, while

Song, Ziang, Gao, Wenxuan, Cao, Xiaochuan, Zheng, Xing, Zhao, Chong

JAUS Environment Sensing Service Set

AS6060A (Current)

5/11/2026

This document defines a set of standard application layer interfaces called JAUS Environment Sensing Services. JAUS Services provide the means for software entities in an unmanned system or system of unmanned systems to communicate and coordinate their activities. The Environment Sensing Services represent typical environment sensing capabilities commonly found across all domains and types of unmanned systems in a platform-independent manner. At present, twelve services are defined in this document: Range Sensor: Determine the proximity of objects in the platform’s environment Visual Sensor: Provides common configuration and setup for different types of imaging systems Digital Video: A type of Visual Sensor that manages digital video Analog Video: A type of Visual Sensor that manages analog video Still Image: A type of Visual Sensor that manages and encodes individual digital images Digital Audio Sensor: Provides common configuration and setup for different types of audio streams

AS-4JAUS Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems Committee

Nasa Tech Briefs: May 2026

26AERP055/7/2026

How Machina Labs is Reshaping Defense Manufacturing with AI-Driven 7-Axis Robotics Engineering at the Speed of Conflict: The New Era of Defense Testing MyDefence Expands Production, Validation of Wearable and Mobile Counter-UAS Systems Keeping Pace with Changes in Defense Technology: Why Embedded Systems Must Deliver Agility, Resilience, and Endurance From Autonomous Vehicles to Ship-to-Shore to: Designing 60 GHz Networks for Tactical Applications Defense Research Program Developing Tactical Clocks for GPS-Free Navigation The Drone Equation: Proportional Response to the UAS Threat High-end interceptors. Low-end threats. The answer isn't bigger missiles but smarter integration. Virginia Tech Experts Accelerate Skydio Drone Flights Over People and Vehicles Researchers recently helped Skydio, the leading U.S. drone manufacturer, demonstrate compliance to the Federal Aviation Administration's rules for safe flights over people and vehicles. Teaching Robots to Fly Like Birds Rutgers

Army Researchers Design 3D-Printed Soldier Portable Autonomous Reconnaissance Transitioning Aircraft

26AERP05_07

5/1/2026

Army researchers recently developed a 3D-printable, easy-to-assemble drone designed to enhance intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD Researchers at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, or DEVCOM, Army Research Laboratory (ARL) harnessed bottom-up Soldier innovation to develop an experimental 3D-printed small unmanned aerial system, or drone, that was demonstrated at the inaugural U.S. Army Best Drone Warfighter Competition in Huntsville, Alabama. Known as the Soldier Portable Autonomous Reconnaissance Transitioning Aircraft, or SPARTA, the drone was developed at DEVCOM ARL in collaboration with Soldiers. By incorporating Soldier feedback early in the design process and leveraging ARL's world-class research facilities, researchers developed a 3D-printable, easy-to-assemble drone designed to enhance intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities. ARL is actively working to partner the technology

MyDefence Expands Production, Validation of Wearable and Mobile Counter-UAS Systems

26AERP05_03

5/1/2026

MyDefence has officially opened its U.S. counter uncrewed aircraft systems (C UAS) manufacturing and innovation facility in Oklahoma City, marking a major step in the company's expansion of its North American production footprint. The latest MyDefence facility, which became operational in February, strengthens the company's ability to support U.S. and allied defense customers with domestically produced counter drone technologies while reinforcing supply chain resilience, regulatory compliance, and lifecycle support. The opening comes amid rapid growth in the scale, diversity, and technical sophistication of uncrewed aerial system threats. Advances in autonomy, range, payload integration, and - critically -radio frequency (RF) employment have increased demand for counter UAS solutions that can evolve as quickly as the threat itself.

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