Browse Topic: Aircraft

Items (12,225)
This Technical Specification gives information about technical requirements and qualification procedures of adhesive paste with or without thickening agent for core restoration of aircraft components.
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
It is recommended that all helicopter engine development programs include an evaluation of engine starting requirements. The evaluation should include starting requirement effects on helicopter weight, cost, and mission effectiveness. The evaluation should be appropriate to the engine stage of development.
S-12 Powered Lift Propulsion Committee
Ensuring safe operation and reliable control of mobility systems remains a significant challenge, particularly for nonlinear and high-dimensional applications subject to external disturbances with hard constraints and limited computational resources in real-time implementations. A reference governor (RG) can enforce constraints using an add-on scheme that preserves the pre-stabilizing controller while balancing the need to satisfy other requirements, including reference tracking and disturbance rejection. Thus, in this paper, we exploit RG-based strategies focusing on nonlinear mobility systems. While the method is generalizable to other applications, such as waypoint following for autonomous driving, the flight dynamics of a quadrotor system with twelve states are used as an example. We implement a disturbance rejection RG to satisfy safety constraints and track set points. To handle nonlinearity, we propose an optimal strategy to quantify the maximum deviation between the nonlinear
Dong, YilongLi, Huayi
In the stringent market of BEV, the development of integrated Drive Modules (iDM) fitting environmental and customer needs is mandatory. It is important to extract the best from the less. To achieve those goals, a deep insight into complex multiphysics phenomena occurring in an iDM has been achieved by accurate and validated models. This engineering methodology is applied through the development of BorgWarner products, comprising non-exhaustively iDM 180-HF, Externally Excited Synchronous Machine and Multi-Level Inverter. The paper will review the methodology development for deeper understanding involving in-house technical excellence and complemented by strategic partnerships with academic institutions and start-ups. It will present the approach of integrating advanced multiphysics models with high-quality experimental validations, specifically on loss evaluation on electrical machines and inverters. Complex models involving multiphysics such as thermal/fluid coupling or electric
Leblay, ArnaudBourniche, EricBossi, AdrienDavid, PascalNanjundaswamy, Harsha
Traditionally, ground vehicle design is based on identifying engineering solutions that fulfil the requirements and specifications put forth by the stakeholders. Although a vehicle is a single entity, it is composed of many subsystems and thousands of parts that must operate together in unison to meet all design goals. A System of Systems (SoS) design approach enables the consideration of subsystem performance within a framework of overall system operation, which includes possible tradeoffs. This collaborative approach to subsystem and primary system design draws upon modelling, optimization, tradespace analysis and virtual studies. In this paper, a system of system design approach will be investigated for a collection of multi-domain vehicles assembled to undertake coordinated search and rescue operations on land and water. A host ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial drone, an unmanned marine drone and an unmanned tracked vehicle constitute the family of multi-domain vehicles which will
Somanchi, AnangAbeynayake, ChandimaDeshmukh, MrunalSuresh, JohirRamnath, SatchitTurner, CameronSchmid, MatthiasCastanier, Matthew P.Rapp, StephenJaczkowski, Jeffrey J.Wagner, John
Autonomous platforms such as self-driving vehicles, advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), and intelligent aerial drones demand real-time video perception systems capable of delivering actionable visual information at ultra-low latency. High-resolution vision pipelines are often hindered by delays introduced at multiple stages—sensor acquisition, video encoding, data transmission, decoding, and display—undermining the responsiveness required for safety-critical decision making. This study introduces a holistic system-level optimization framework that systematically reduces end-to-end video latency while maintaining image fidelity and perception accuracy. The proposed approach integrates hardware-accelerated encoding, zero-copy direct memory access (DMA), lightweight UDP-based RTP transport, and GPU-accelerated decoding into a unified pipeline. By minimizing redundant memory copies and software bottlenecks, the system achieves seamless data flow across hardware and software
Indrakanti, Rama Kiran Kumar
This paper presents a methodology for designing and evaluating lightweight, crashworthy aircraft seats that meet 21g crash safety standards and injury criteria. Four seat classes—double economy, single economy, premium economy, and business—were developed using a modular design strategy focused on part commonality (family of parts) and manufacturability. A shared family of structural components was implemented across all seat types, with dimensional modifications applied only, when necessary, due to differences in seat width or height. In such cases, the same material systems and design principles were used to ensure consistency and reduce manufacturing complexity. The designs were evaluated using finite element simulations to verify performance under aerospace crash conditions. Each seat configuration was validated against regulatory crashworthiness criteria and injury thresholds, including pelvic, lumbar, and femur compressive forces, as well as head injury criteria (HIC) values. The
Gray, SavannahOrr, MathewShi, YifanPark, TaeilLee, JakeWotten, ErikLeFrancois, RichardHuang, YuhaoPatel, AnujKim, HansuBurns, NicholasJalayer, ShayanGrant, RobertKok, LeoHansen, EricKim, Il Yong
The exponentially growing complexity of engineering systems, such as robotic systems, autonomous vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles, require sophisticated control strategies that can efficiently coordinate system operation in various environments. The traditional control design approaches present significant challenges for control engineers to keep up with the increasing complexity and changing requirements. To advance embedded control system design, a paradigm shift from traditional development approaches toward more structured, systematic methodologies that can manage the multi-domain nature of control systems is critically needed. Model-based design approach is emerging as a solution for this demand. Model-based design approach uses a system model for control system development, from requirements capture to control system design, implementation, and testing. It provides an integrated environment for design, implementation, automatic code generation, and validation, which allows
Repaka, SindhuraChen, Bo
The modern battlefield is increasingly characterized by the use of small drones. As such, military vehicles must now be designed to account for this threat. This paper presents a model-based systems engineering approach to identify vehicle vulnerabilities and generate new vehicle requirements to mitigate them. This approach uses a standard set of System Modeling Language diagrams. A vehicle’s primary roles are captured in a series of use cases. Each use case is characterized by a sequence of activities performed by the vehicle. These activity sequences are captured in an activity diagram, which are used to wargame how a drone can exploit the vehicle at each phase. Each potential exploitation is assigned likelihood and severity scores, which feed into a risk index. This risk index is then used to prioritize each vulnerability. From these vulnerabilities, a set of operational requirements are derived, which then informs the development of system requirements. As the system matures, the
Ells, AlecWerntz, BrysonSaulsberry, TaylorWilkinson, CooperMittal, Vikram
A research team developed a smart strake system that dynamically adapts to flight conditions, showing a promising drag reduction in the wind tunnel with respect to passive strakes. This approach has the potential to save airlines hundreds of kilograms of fuel per flight. University of Washington Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics (A&A), Seattle, WA For decades, aircraft have carried a fundamental compromise between their engines and wing flow interactions by using strakes. These are small fins attached at the sides of engine nacelles that generate helpful vortices during takeoff and landing that boost lift and avoid stall, but create unwanted drag during cruise flight. Now, seven William E. Boeing Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics (A&A) undergraduates have advanced a solution that improves this trade-off, achieving up to 33 percent drag reduction, on the limited tested conditions, during cruise while maintaining critical safety benefits at high angles of attack. The team
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) will specify what type of NVGs are required and minimum requirements for compatible crew station lighting, aircraft exterior lighting such as anti-collision lights, and position/navigation lights that are “NVG compatible.” Also, this document is intended to set standards for NVG utilization for aircraft so that special use aircraft such as the Coast Guard, Border Patrol, Air Rescue, Police Department, Medivacs, etc., will be better equipped to chase drug smugglers and catch illegal immigrants, rescue people in distress, reduce high-speed chases through city streets by police, etc. Test programs and pilot operator programs are required. For those people designing or modifying civil aircraft to be NVG compatible, the documents listed in 2.1.3 are essential.
A-20A Crew Station Lighting
Consider this: A new groundbreaking technology has just been developed that needs to be integrated into multiple types of aircraft as soon as possible. This could take years to accomplish, since each aircraft implements a different method of communicating with it, using different data transport protocols. Even worse, this new technology likely has proprietary information that needs to be transmitted to the aircraft in some format. All of these issues would require a different version of the technology for each aircraft.
For decades, researchers have recognized the potential of rotating detonation engines (RDEs) in powering the next generation of hypersonic air-breathing engines, rocket engines, and stationary power generation gas turbine systems. But realizing the potential has been fraught with challenges.
This Aerospace Standard (AS) provides the general requirements for hydraulic components that are used in military aircraft and missile hydraulic systems. NOTE: AS8775 is intended for use on aircraft that utilize military hydraulic fluids (typically MIL-PRF-83282 and MIL-PRF-87257). AS4941 should be used for those military aircraft that utilize AS1241 hydraulic fluid (for example, military derivatives of civil aircraft or some new design military cargo aircraft) instead of AS8775.
A-6A2 Military Aircraft Committee
Fires in Urban high-rise structures and industrial areas pose significant challenges to traditional firefighting methods. Traditional firefighting methods often struggle to address the challenges posed by height, accessibility and rapid response. In such a scenario innovative technologies become vital for effective and efficient methods. This project introduces an unmanned aerial vehicle designed to suppress fire on high-rise building by using drone technologies and robotics. The drone is equipped with a stereo camera which will detect fire and measure its coordinates with the help of algorithms fed on the companion computer raspberry pi. Upon receiving the coordinates, the drone will station itself at a predetermined distance from the fire. The drone will adjust itself in the vertical direction for proper ejection of water at the fire. The water will be ejected through a nozzle integrated with the drone, which is connected to the pump at the ground via hose. This drone solution
R, AbhiramSadique, AnwarPV, AnuragJ, Harisankar VA, Geethuvs, Amarnath
The Dual Throat Nozzle (DTN) is a unique nozzle configuration that enables fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV), improving aircraft maneuverability while reducing the mechanical complexity of traditional vectoring systems. In this study, a two-dimensional DTN was developed based on a validated NASA Langley model, incorporating a newly designed plenum geometry guided by area expansion ratio principles. Numerical simulations were carried out in ANSYS Fluent using a density-based, steady-state solver with the SST k–ω turbulence model to capture key compressible flow features such as shock waves, flow separation, and jet deflection. Secondary injection rates were determined using choked-flow relations, and a 12-case parametric study was conducted to analyze the effects of Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR), injection rate, and injection angle on thrust deflection and efficiency. The simulation results at NPR = 4 with 3% injection showed strong agreement with NASA experimental data, validating the
Suresh, VigneshM, AkashSenthilkumar, NikilSundararaj, SenthilkumarA, Garry KiristenSingh, Swaraj
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies dimensional and physical requirements of tow bar connections to tractor and aircraft (see Figure 1). It is applicable to all types of commercial transport category aircraft tow bar. The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to standardize tow bar attachments to airplane and tractor according to the mass category of the towed aircraft, so that one tow bar head with different shear levels can be used for all aircraft that are within the same mass category and are manufactured in compliance with AS1614 or ISO 8267.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies the interface requirements for tow bar attachment fittings on the nose gear (when towing operations are performed from the nose gear) of conventional tricycle type landing gears of commercial civil transport aircraft with a maximum ramp weight higher than 50,000 kg (110,000 pounds), commonly designated as “main line aircraft”. Its purpose is to achieve tow bar attachment fittings interface standardization by aircraft weight category (which determines tow bar forces) in order to ensure that one single type of tow bar with a standard connection can be used for all aircraft types within or near that weight category, so as to assist operators and airport handling companies in reducing the number of different tow bar types used.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
The landing gear, as a crucial component of an aircraft, is pivotal for maintaining the safety and reliability of air travel. This study introduces a data-driven structural optimization method aimed at mitigating the peak strain on the landing gear’s rocker arm. The initial phase involves selecting nine design variables for parametric modeling to generate an initial dataset. Subsequently, the Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC) technique is used to conduct a parameter sensitivity analysis, enabling the identification and elimination of variables with minimal influence. A comparative analysis between the Genetic Algorithm–Backpropagation Neural Network (GA-BPNN) and BPNN reveals that GA-BPNN has a superior fitting capability on the enhanced dataset. By applying Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the optimal solution for GA-BPNN is identified. The implementation of this optimized method results in a 38.16% reduction in peak strain, validating its feasibility and reliability in
Chen, HuShi, ShiWang, MengFang, XingboWei, XiaohuiNie, Hong
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