Browse Topic: Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)

Items (253)
This work deals with computational investigations of the component performances of Advanced Hexacopters under various maneuverings of the focused mission profiles. The Advanced Hexacopter is a kind of multirotor vehicle that contains more propellers and flexible arms, which makes this multirotor very maneuverable and aerodynamically efficient. This Hexacopter was designed specifically to execute multi-perspective applications along with enhanced payload-carrying capability. This Advanced Hexacopter contains a frame composed of modified arms equipped with coaxial rotors, which servo motors control. By providing specific and simple inputs to the microcontroller, the Hexacopter can autonomously undergo forward and backward maneuverings. The primary objective of this study is to analyze and compare different propeller configurational clearance sets that improve the maneuvering capability of this unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), specifically emphasizing forward/backward and side maneuvering
Raja, VijayanandhNarayanan, SidharthElangovan, LogeshArumugam, LokeshSourirajan, LaxanaRaji, Arul PrakashKulandaiyappan, Naveen KumarGnanasekaran, Raj KumarMadasamy, Senthil Kumar
The objective of this research is to present a novel variant of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with an advanced flying wing configuration capable of detecting and rescuing individuals affected by avalanches. This leads to testing of the UAV, to identify if it can operate efficiently at the intended temperature and atmospheric conditions. Typically, UAVs can operate in a broad spectrum of temperatures. Regions prone to avalanches would experience near-cryogenic temperatures. The notion is investigated and tested in this specific scenario. The chosen location is Siachen, where temperatures can become as low as -25 degree Celsius (°C). It has been proven that a thermal camera aids the UAV to detect the distinct body heat signatures of individuals who are trapped under snow. The selection of wing, propeller, and vertical stabilizer airfoils is guided by standard analytical calculations, while the overall model is developed using 3D EXPERIENCE. The computational tests are conducted using
Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, Janani PriyadharshiniPisharam, Akhila AjithSourirajan, LaxanaBaskar, SundharVinayagam, GopinathStanislaus Arputharaj, BeenaL, NatrayanSakthivel, PradeshRaja, Vijayanandh
Recent advancements in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and the broader advanced air mobility (AAM) movement have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. Many new applications have been identified and are under development, with considerable potential for market growth and exciting potential. However, talent resources are the most critical parameters to make or break the AAM vision, and significantly more talent is needed than the traditional aviation industry is able to currently generate. One possible solution—leverage rapid advancements of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and the gaming industry to help attract, identify, educate, and encourage current and future generations to engage in various aspects of the AAM industry. Beyond Aviation: Embedded Gaming, Artificial Intelligence, Training, and Recruitment for the Advanced Air Mobility Industry discusses how the modern gaming population of 3.3 million
Doo, Johnny
Anduril Industries Orange County, CA Contact@anduril.com
This study aims to explore the multifaceted influencing factors of market acceptance and consumer behavior of low-altitude flight services through online surveys and advanced neuroscientific methods (such as functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI, electroencephalography EEG, functional near-infrared spectroscopy fNIRS) combined with artificial intelligence and video advertisement quantitative analysis. We conducted an in-depth study of the current trends in low-altitude flight vehicle development and customer acceptance of low-altitude services, focusing particularly on the survey methods used for market acceptance. To overcome the influence of strong opinion leaders in volunteer group experiments, we designed specialized surveys targeting broader online and social media groups. Utilizing specialized knowledge in aviation psychology, we designed a distinctive questionnaire and, within just 7 days of its launch, gathered a significant number of valid responses. The data was then
Ma, XinDing, ShuitingLi, Yan
An electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) is a variety of vertical take-off aircraft driven by electric power. This work proposed a new boundary condition control method to investigate the take-off and landing process of eVTOL, which is under the conditions of a typical atmospheric boundary layer. The spatial flow field information, especially the height-dependent atmospheric crosswind velocity profile, will be projected on the temporal axis and superimposed with the existing time-dependent unsteady conditions. Taking a 4-axis eVTOL as an example, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations based on unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (uRANS) and rigid body motion (RBM) are carried out with proposed unsteady boundary conditions. The loads and surrounding flow field of the aircraft are obtained, while the vortical structures are further identified and discussed. Notably, the impact of atmospheric boundary layer on the aerodynamic force of eVTOL during vertical
Wei, HuanxiaJia, ChundongShi, YongweiJia, QingXia, ChaoMo, RengYang, ZhigangLi, YanlongHu, Qiangqiang
This paper investigates the drag reduction matching of modular flying cars based on a nested configuration. To address the high aerodynamic drag issue of traditional modular flying car configurations, a nested design scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the cabin is extracted from a low-drag car and combined with the flying module using a nested approach, achieving aerodynamic matching between the cabin, driving module, and flying module. First, the conceptual design of the new modular flying car and the parameters of each module, including the driving module, cabin module, and flying module, are introduced. Then, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are utilized to numerically simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of the new flying car, and the results are compared with the existing typical modular flying car, AIRBUS. The research results show that the nested modular flying car exhibits superior aerodynamic performance in both driving and flying modes. Compared to the typical
Li, YanlongYe, ShengfeiZhou, Hua
Integrating 3D point cloud and image fusion into flying car detection systems is essential for enhancing both safety and operational efficiency. Accurate environmental mapping and obstacle detection enable flying cars to optimize flight paths, mitigate collision risks, and perform effectively in diverse and challenging conditions. The AutoAlignV2 paradigm recently introduced a learnable schema that unifies these data formats for 3D object detection. However, the computational expense of the dynamic attention alignment mechanism poses a significant challenge. To address this, we propose a Lightweight Cross-modal Feature Dynamic Aggregation Module, which utilizes a model-driven feature alignment strategy. This module dynamically realigns heterogeneous features and selectively emphasizes salient aspects within both point cloud and image datasets, enhancing the differentiation between objects and the background and improving detection accuracy. Additionally, we introduce the Lightweight
Feng, XiaoyuZhang, RenhangChu, ZhengWei, LinaBian, ChenDuan, Linshuai
Electrical vertical take-off and landing vehicle (eVTOL) are more and more popular in future’s urban mobility. How to improve the reliability of the battery, is the key problem. Battery Management System (BMS) through the battery status monitoring, charging and discharging control, temperature management, fault diagnosis, battery equalisation and other core measures to improve the battery reliability and performance, of which battery equalisation technology plays a vital role. BMS manages batteries through battery status monitoring, charging and discharging control, temperature management, fault diagnosis, battery equalisation and other core measures to ensure the safety, reliability and performance of batteries. This paper analyses the inconsistency mechanism of batteries, introduces the classification of mainstream balancing circuits, describes the advantages and disadvantages of different types of balancing technologies, introduces the practical application scheme of passive
Feng, GuoZhang, XinfengLi, Hong DunYue, Han
The fixed-wing VTOL is a new type of aircraft that combines the advantages of multi-rotor and fixed-wing aircraft. Enable freely taking off and landing, while maintaining high flight speeds during cruising. However, higher requirements for the powertrain system have emerged. The powertrain needs to adapt to the layout of distributed propulsion devices while also ensuring sufficient endurance. Both the full-electric powertrain and traditional fuel-based powertrain are unable to meet this demand, making the hybrid-electric powertrain one of the most feasible solutions currently available. A 10kW level hybrid-electric powertrain system was designed for a fixed-wing VTOL aircraft. The power generation performance tests are conducted to analyze the coupling working characteristics of the engine and generator. The performance of the hybrid configuration and the full-electric configuration in terms of power-to-weight ratio, energy-to-weight ratio, and endurance are compared. The results
Yanan, LiLi, HaiwangXie, GangSun, Mohan
In the realm of low-altitude flight power systems, such as electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL), ensuring the safety and optimal performance of batteries is of utmost importance. Lithium (Li) plating, a phenomenon that affects battery performance and safety, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study investigates the intricate relationship between Li plating and the growth profile of cell thickness in Li-ion batteries. Previous research often overlooked this critical aspect, but our investigation reveals compelling insights. Notably, even during early stage of capacity fade (~ 5%), Li plating persists, leading to a remarkable final cell thickness growth exceeding 20% at an alarming 80% capacity fade. These findings suggest the potential of utilizing cell thickness growth as a novel criterion for qualifying and selecting cells, in addition to the conventional measure of capacity degradation. Monitoring the growth profile of cell thickness can enhance the
Zhang, JianZheng, Yiting
This study leverages the temperature impact data obtained from the battery systems of airworthiness-certified fixed-wing electric aircraft to predict and correct the performance of eVTOL battery systems under various temperature conditions. Due to the lack of airworthiness-certified eVTOL models, it is challenging to directly test battery system parameters under temperature variations. However, using data from Ma Xin's team's production batteries tested on certified fixed-wing electric aircraft, we can accurately measure the effects of temperature changes. The capacity retention data at temperatures of -40°C, -20°C, -10°C, 0°C, 0°C, 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, 55°Care 78.14%, 83.3%, 84.1%, 88.1%, 92.3%, 100.0%, 102.0%, 103.9%, 104.6%. These quantified results provide a basis for modeling and experimental validation of eVTOL battery systems, ensuring their performance and safety across a wide range of temperatures. Although there are some research of battery system of eVtol in room temperature
Ma, XinDing, ShuitingPan, Yilun
Imagine the year is 2035. Your plane has just landed at LAX, and you need to get to your hotel in the South Bay. Traffic on the 405 is at a standstill, however, so you pull out your phone, open an app and order an air taxi. You walk over to the nearby vertiport, where a multi-rotor aircraft has just finished charging, waiting for you to board. You climb in and the air taxi quietly lifts itself in the air, without a human pilot, and flies you over the Los Angeles cityscape to your destination in just a few minutes. As a result, you get to enjoy an afternoon at the beach, instead of sitting for hours in LA traffic. This is how a future with advanced air mobility (AAM) could look.
Batteries for eVTOL aircraft need to deliver high power for efficient takeoff and landing, as well as high energy for the cruise period. To meet these demands, designers must consider the power-energy tradeoff of batteries and integrate a reliable battery management system into the overall design. Multiphysics simulation can be used to evaluate this tradeoff and consider all design requirements in a way that is comprehensive and saves time. In recent years, more and more organizations have announced their development of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) systems and, in some cases, are even showing previews of systems that are intended to hit the market in just a few years. As new design ideas emerge, there is one important question that needs to be asked: To keep up with the developments in eVTOL aircraft, what design requirements need to be considered for the batteries that power them?
Aerospace manufacturers are leveraging multicore processors and modularity to design smarter cockpit displays and avionic computers that are smaller and capable of supporting more applications from a single line replaceable unit (LRU). Some are also starting to embed more of the processing required to enable cockpit display applications within the display itself, rather than having it enabled by an associated LRU. The development of new electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and avionics companies changing their approach to the development of safety critical computers and aircraft networking technologies are some of the aerospace industry factors driving this design trend. In the U.S., the Department of Defense (DoD) embracing the Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) across the purchase of all new aircraft technologies is influencing design changes in cockpit displays and aircraft computers as well.
Lilium Munich, Germany +49 151-539-19945
Recent advancements of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry, and many novel applications have been identified and are in development. One promising application for these innovative systems is in firefighting, with eVTOL aircraft complementing current firefighting capabilities to help save lives and reduce fire-induced damages. With increased global occurrences and scales of wildfires—not to mention the issues firefighters face during urban and rural firefighting operations daily—eVTOL technology could offer timely, on-demand, and potentially cost-effective aerial mobility capabilities to counter these challenges. Early detection and suppression of wildfires could prevent many fires from becoming large-scale disasters. eVTOL aircraft may not have the capacity of larger aerial assets for firefighting, but targeted suppression, potentially in swarm operations, could be valuable. Most
Doo, JohnnyMcQueen, BobZhang, Yangjun
In commercial aerospace, the application areas for motors are wide and varied, each with their own unique requirements. From electric vehicle take-off and landing (eVTOL) air taxis to business jets to long-haul commercial transport aircraft, DC motors must endure various environmental conditions like extreme temperatures, shock and vibration, atmospheric pressures and signal interference, to name just a few. These applications may also demand motors that provide a fast response, high power or torque density. In addition to these requirements, the aerospace industry perpetually calls for lightweight materials and smaller installation spaces. Taken together, it can be very difficult to specify and buy a reliable motor for mission-critical equipment. This article will present common commercial aerospace applications that pose performance and environmental challenges for DC motors along with a summary of the stringent aerospace industry standards that the motors must satisfy. It will also
Airbus Toulouse, France +33 6 34 78 14 08
The focus of this project is on the preliminary design of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) utilizing a coaxial rotor setup, taking into account its flight dynamics. Additionally, a comprehensive aerodynamic analysis is conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The idealogy for our design came from the Rukma Vimana, a flying craft mentioned in the ancient Hindu Scriptures. The design is optimized with the coaxial copter setup, a different approach that has yet to be widely explored in the UAV aspect. Coaxial rotors are installed in pairs, with one rotor mounted above the other on concentric shafts. Both rotors have the same axis of rotation, but they rotate in opposite directions (contra-rotate). CFD simulations are conducted to see how the fluid medium flows over the unconventional design of the UAV. Three different in terms of three designs heights are considered, ie, a 30 cm height model, a 35 cm height model, and a 40 cm height model. The inclination of the analysis done
YASHWANTH, C.Anushkka, VergheseDanush Datthathireyan, K.Srinithi, M.Aamir, HamzaDinesh Kumar, G.Arulmozhi, K.
With increasing interest in the urban air traffic market for electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles, there are opportunities to enhance flight performance through new technologies and control methods. One such concept is the propulsion wing, which incorporates a cross-flow fan (CFF) at the wing's trailing edge to drive the vehicle's flight. This article presents a wind tunnel experiment aimed at analyzing the aerodynamic characteristics of the propulsive wing for the novel eVTOL vehicle. The experiment encompasses variations in angels of attack, free stream velocities and fan rotational speeds. The result verifies that cross-flow fans offer unique flow control capabilities, achieving a tested maximum lift coefficient exceeding 7.6. Since flow from the suction surface is ingested into the CFF, the flow separation at large angle of attack (up to 40°) is effectively eliminated. The aerodynamic performance of the propulsive wing depends on the advance ratio and angle of
Wang, JunjieZhang, XinfengHan, Yue
Direct debugging of a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) fixed-wing aircraft’s control system can easily result in risk and personnel damage. It is effectively to employ simulation and numerical methods to validate control performance. In this paper, the attitude stabilization controller for VTOL fixed-wing aircraft is designed, and the controller performance is verified by MATLAB and visual simulation software, which significantly increases designed efficiency and safety of the controller. In detail, we first develop the VTOL fixed-wing aircraft’s six degrees of freedom kinematics and dynamics models using Simulink module, and the cascade PID control technique is applied to the VTOL aircraft’s attitude stabilization control. Then the visual simulation program records the flight data and displays the flight course and condition, which can validate the designed controller performance effectively. It can be concluded that the designed VTOL fixed-wing aircraft control visual simulation
Li, WeiShi, JiekaiWang, FangBai, Jie
Electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) has become a main trend in general aviation. Battery, power electronic and motor have made big progress in the last decades, most companies and research institutions are focusing on the development of 2-5 seat (2 tons maximum takeoff weight) eVTOL products and strat to put into market. This paper tried to defines the design and analysis process of electric propulsion system taking 2-ton eVTOL as an example. Firstly, the parameters of the aircraft is defined and the power and energy consumption was analyzed based on flight phase. Secondly, the electric propulsion system architecture is defined based on the aircraft design. The design and evaluation of propeller, motor, motor controller and battery were carried out respectively. The optimal design of propeller in hover stage and cruise stage is conducted. Based on the existing products, the selection of the motor and motor controller are conducted, and the matching design with the
Li, HongliangWang, LijianKang, Yuanli
Advanced flight control system, aviation battery and motor technologies are driving the rapid development of eVTOL to offer possibilities for Urban Air Mobility. The safety and airworthiness of eVTOL aircraft and systems are the critical issues to be considered in eVTOL design process. Regarding to the flight control system, its complexity of design and interfaces with other airborne systems require detailed safety assessment through the development process. Based on SAE ARP4754A, a forward architecture design process with comprehensive safety assessment is introduced to achieve complete safety and hazard analysis. The new features of flight control system for eVTOL are described to start function capture and architecture design. Model-based system engineering method is applied to establish the functional architecture in a traceable way. SFHA and STPA methods are applied in a complementary way to identify the potential safety risk caused by failure and unsafe control action. PSSA with
Ning, ChengweiZhang, HaoWeng, HaiminMa, Ran
Electric technology has gradually changed the form of energy use in transportation. Electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) will become an important means of transportation in the future, bringing significant changes to urban transportation and providing a more convenient and comfortable travel experience for people. eVTOLs are being extensively researched and developed by the global aviation industry as well as by many innovative technology companies. In this paper, we focus on the system design and testing of the four-axis and eight-propeller eVTOL. The overall parameters of the aircraft are defined, and the energy and power architecture design and analysis are carried out. Carry out the hybrid power supply design of lithium battery and fuel cell, and complete the parameter matching design of power system. The lithium battery and fuel cell hybrid power supply, single propeller test, dual propeller test, system integration verification were carried out, and finally the
Li, HongliangLuo, ZhongpeiDong, WeiWang, Fujing
This overview and study article scrutinizes the evolution and challenges of electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL), with a primary focus on airworthiness and safety certification. The paper discusses key issues such as high-energy-density aviation-grade batteries and the light weighting of electrical propulsion systems. Utilizing scientific models and real-world data, the study outlines the required battery technology and electrical propulsion specifications for eVTOLs with effective commercial load capabilities. For eVTOLs operating in the 300 km range, aviation-grade batteries must achieve energy densities between 300-600 wh/kg. For those covering a 600 km range, the energy density requirements exceed 600 wh/kg. Compliance with stringent safety standards, including triple certification by the FAA under 14 CFR Part 23, is imperative. This article conducted research and offered flowchart of the complicated FAA standard, which is rare in existing articles. This article
Ma, XinDing, Shuiting
Electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) is defined as vertical lift aircraft propelled by electric power and capable of carrying people. Based on the system of battery powered CY300 eVTOL, a fuel cell-battery hybrid system (FBHS) in steady-state operation as a potential propulsion system for CY300 eVTOL is proposed. In order to analyze the feasibility of FBHS-powered eVTOL system, a mathematical model is established to evaluate the proposed system performance considering various irreversible effects. Furthermore, considerable sensitivity analyses indicate that the payload of the proposed system is considerably benefited by a higher specific energy of the battery system, specific power of the fuel cell system and hydrogen storage ratio of the hydrogen tank. Hydrogen tank weight decreases the payload while enhances the hovering time. DoH accounts for power balancing between two power sources, and affects the impacts of different design parameters on the performance of the proposed
Qin, YuanZhang, XinfengZhang, HouchengLi, WenhaoLin, YeYue, Han
Electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, which is used extensively in both military and civilian fields, has the advantages of good maneuverability, high cruising speed, and low requirements for the takeoff and landing modes. Robust and stable control is crucial to ensuring its safety because the dynamics model of an eVTOL aircraft will change significantly between fixed-wing and vertical takeoff and landing mode. In this paper, we first study the structural characteristics of the eVTOL aircraft and establish its dynamic model by considering typical flight modes and mechanical parameters. Then we design a closed-loop controller based on cascade PID technique. Finally, the effectiveness of the control algorithms is verified based on the semi-physical flight simulation platform, which can lower the development cost of control algorithms significantly. The simulation results demonstrate that the cascade PID control scheme accelerates the implementation of the robust
Shi, JiekaiLi, WeiWang, FangBai, Jie
Electrical Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles hold great promises for revolutionizing urban mobility. Their emergences as a transformative transportation technology has led multiple Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) competing for market share, with important variety of technical solutions, all necessitating to demonstrate the compliance to safety requirements and regulations. Model Based Safety Analysis (MBSA), newly introduced in ARP4761A and based on compositional and modular representation of failure propagation paths within one system, provides a unique opportunity to increase efficiency by maximizing the possible reuse of safety analyses elements across multiple architectures (“product line” philosophy). Generic library of safety models for elements of variant architectures can be efficiently constructed using MBSA techniques that can then support safety analyses on variant architectures or architectures trade-off. This approach can facilitate a safety process that
Adeline, RomainWang, JiaHua, Angelina
Joby Aviation Santa Cruz, CA 831-201-6700
The advanced air mobility sector — which includes electric-powered urban and regional aircraft — may become a $1.5 trillion market by 2040. New startup Aerovy Mobility could benefit airport and vertiport operators and real estate developers looking to establish advanced air mobility technology at existing and potential sites.
Electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles for urban air mobility (UAM) are garnering increased attention from both the automotive and aerospace industries, with use cases ranging from individual transportation, public service, cargo delivery, and more. Distributed electric propulsion systems are their main technical feature; they determine vehicle size and propulsion efficiency and provide distributed thrust to achieve attitude control. Considering the intended role of eVTOL vehicles, ducted-fan systems are ideal choice for the propulsor, as the duct provides a physical barrier between the rotating blades and the human, especially during the take-off and landing phases. Key Technology Challenges of Electric Ducted Fan Propulsion Systems for eVTOL introduces the main bottlenecks and key enablers of ducted-fan propulsion systems for eVTOL applications. Based on the introduction and discussion of these important issues, this report will help eVTOL engineers understand the
Qian, YupingZhang, YangjunZHUGE, WEILIN
Advancements in electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. One particularly promising application involves on-demand, rapid-response use cases to broaden first responders, police, and medical transport mission capabilities. With the dynamic and varying public service operations, eVTOL aircraft can offer potentially cost-effective aerial mobility components to the overall solution, including significant lifesaving benefits. The Use of eVTOL Aircraft for First Responder, Police, and Medical Transport Applications discusses the challenges need to be addressed before identified capabilities and benefits can be realized at scale: Mission-specific eVTOL vehicle development Operator- and patient-specific accommodations Detect-and-avoid capabilities in complex and challenging operating environments Autonomous and artificial intelligence-enhanced mission capabilities Home-base charging systems
Doo, Johnny
Urban air mobility (UAM) is a fast-growing industry that utilizes electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) technologies to operate in densely populated urban areas with limited space. However, atmospheric icing serves as a limitation to its operational envelope as in-flight icing can happen all year round anywhere around the globe. Since icing in smaller aviation systems is still an emerging topic, there is a necessity to study icing of eVTOL rotors specifically. Two rotor geometries were chosen for this study. A small 15-inch rotor was selected to illustrate a multirotor UAV drone, while a large 80-inch rotor was chosen to represent a UAM passenger aircraft. The ice accretion experiments were conducted in an icing wind tunnel on the small 15-inch rotor. The icing simulations were performed using FENSAP-ICE. The ice accretion simulations of the 15-inch rotor sections at –5 °C show a large, rather streamlined ice shape instead of the expected glaze ice characteristics. At –15 °C
Heramarwan, HenidyaMüller, NicolasHann, RichardLutz, Thorsten
U.S. Air Force pilots completed remote-controlled flights of Joby Aviation’s S4 electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) prototype aircraft at the company’s California-based facility in April. It was the Air Force’s latest live eVTOL demonstration after airmen performed flights with LIFT’s Hexa at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida in November 2022.
The scope of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is first to establish applicable definitions and terms prior to considering the application domain and use cases in HVDC applications. Then it will identify commanded switching technologies to be considered for aerospace applications and provide rationale for their selection.
AE-10 High Voltage Committee
The aerospace industry is undergoing a revolution with the large-scale development of eVTOL (Electric Vertical Take-Off & Landing) and MEA (More Electric Aircraft). These aerial vehicles, many of them unmanned vehicles (UAV), will serve a variety of service-related functions: Search and Rescue (SAR), Medivac, delivery and lift operations, aerial mapping, and, of course, human transportation [1]. Despite its numerous functionalities, this type of vehicle has a serious problem, which is its usual batteries, the main means for its operation. Due to its autonomy not being so effective compared to its charging time, generating a considerable loss of time. In this context, it is necessary to find forms of components that can replace these batteries, so that the effective development of these vehicles is possible. Studies done in other means of transportation point out that the use of hydrogen fuel cells has grown a lot. In this way, it is known that this type of fuel is seen as something of
Ibusuki, UgoViti, Vinicius Mafra
Most emerging electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft feature distributed electric propulsion systems with automation features that simplify operations for future pilots. In theory, increasing automation levels should reduce pilot workload, decrease training time, and improve performance consistency. Air Education and Training Command Detachment 62 (AETC/Det 62) sought to test this theory as part of a larger study involving 70+ participants, two eVTOL platform simulators, and multimodal assessments of flight performance. In the present report, we compared expert ratings of flight performance of pilots who do not have prior pilot experience or training (herein referred to as ab initio pilots; i.e., 0 flight hours) to those of experienced pilots (i.e., >300 flight hours) in either a semi-automated or highly-automated simulated eVTOL platform. All participants received a brief orientation of the controls, then flew a scripted flight profile four times with guidance from an
Emerson, Samantha N.Rizzardo, CaitWaggenspack, LukeOsman, Maria ChaparroHalverson, Kent C.Ellis, SteveHaley, Don
The rapidly advancing field of Advanced Air Mobility featuring electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing capable aircraft will create an increased demand for commercial pilots. In addition, the automation schemes for these new aircraft designs will likely change the skills required and demands placed on pilots of these vehicles. Therefore, recruiters and training facilities must understand which basic performance resources predict success to identify the best candidates to learn to fly this new class of aircraft. This study assesses the basic performance resources of ab initio students and experienced pilots in electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft simulators. Researchers recruited 82 military volunteers to participate in this study by spending one day learning to fly one of the two simulators available. This study included approximately equal numbers of ab initio students and rated pilots. Researchers randomly assigned participants to either a highly augmented aircraft simulator
Combs, Elizabeth K.Ellis, StephenHaley, DonTaranto, MatthewAnderson, AndrewCarrea, NicholausNissen, TimothyBlum, DavidBourne, Raymond
It is widely believed that Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) is poised to have a significant societal impact in the coming years to move people and cargo more rapidly and efficiently. AAM refers to a new mode of transportation utilizing highly automated airborne vehicles for transporting goods and/or people. The main goals of AAM vehicles are to reduce emissions, to increase connectivity and speed, while helping to reduce traffic congestion. These vehicles can take off and land vertically in designated urban locations called vertiports.
Recent advancements in eVTOL aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. One promising application is for last-mile (and middle-mile) military transport and logistics, which can complement current mission capabilities and enhance operational readiness. With the dynamic and varying global challenges facing military operations, eVTOL aircraft can offer timely, on-demand, and potentially cost-effective aerial mobility components to the overall solution. The Use of eVTOL Aircraft for Military Applications: Last-mile Transport and Logistics explores the challenges that need to be addressed before identified capabilities and benefits can be realized at scale: Mission-specific eVTOL vehicle development Detect-and-avoid (DAA)capabilities in complex and challenging operating environments Autonomous and AI-enhanced mission capabilities Charging system compatibility and availability for battery-electric vehicles Simplified vehicle operations
Doo, Johnny
Under the emerging urban air mobility (UAM) concept, electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft were designed to alleviate urban traffic congestion due to their advantages of low take-off and landing site requirements, less pollution, low noise, and strong stability. However, due to the high-level power consumption of eVTOL and only having air flight mode, this kind of aircraft has a severe shortage of cruising range. To improve the endurance and dynamic performance, the flying car designed in this paper added a ground driving mode based on eVTOL and used distributed ducted fans to provide lift. And the influence of different power transmission routes on the dynamic and economic performance of the flying car was analyzed. On this basis, the overall take-off weight of the flying car was estimated through an iterative algorithm, and parameter design and power system matching for each part of the components were conducted. Finally, this paper used MATLAB/Simulink to build a
Shao, YifanLiu, LiangXu, Zhaoping
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