Browse Topic: X-ray inspections
Lithium-ion batteries now in widespread use for everything from mobile electronics to electric vehicles rely on a liquid electrolyte to carry ions back and forth between electrodes within the battery during charge and discharge cycles. The liquid uniformly coats the electrodes, allowing free movement of the ions.
Scientists have demonstrated the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to speed up the process of reconstructing images from coherent X-ray scattering data. Traditional X-ray imaging techniques (like medical X-ray images) are limited in the amount of detail they can provide. This has led to the development of coherent X-ray imaging methods that are capable of providing images from deep within materials at a few nanometer resolution or less. These techniques generate X-ray images without the need for lenses by diffracting or scattering the beam off of samples and directly onto detectors.
In the circuit board industry, an increasing number of parts and boards are proving to be difficult to inspect with automated optical inspection (AOI) because the solder is invisible. Furthermore, high-quality requirements such as bonding strength of the automobile industry and full surface inspection of the solder are increasing. To address these needs, Omron has introduced new technology for accomplishing inspections within the required inline take time (the rate at which a product must be completed to meet customer demand). This has been one of the most challenging requirements for computed tomography (CT) X-ray automatic inspection equipment. For continuous imaging technology, highly accurate positioning control and high-speed image sensing are required.
Composite materials for aerospace & defense continue on a path of market growth fueled by tightening environmental and economic targets. This trend is occurring alongside rapid innovations in design, manufacturing, automation and cost reduction. Although slowed by the global pandemic, the increasing role of composites for many industries is, in fact, a foregone conclusion. More and more, composites performance-expressed in the elegant functionality of a curved wingtip on an airliner or in the fewer, thinner, winding fan blades of a GE9X engine-demonstrate an accelerating freedom-of-form and utility that makes composites essential to the future.
This document establishes the requirements for screening, qualification, and lot acceptance testing of Plastic Encapsulated Discrete Semiconductors (PEDS) for use in space application environments. The scope of this document is intended for standard silicon based technology only, but the process and methodology described within can be adopted for other technologies such as Silicon Carbide, Gallium Nitride, and Gallium Arsenide. However, when non-silicon based technology parts are being used, the device characterization shall be modified, and it is recommended to use available industry standards based upon published research/testing reports for those technology to address applicable physics of failure.
This document establishes common industry practices and recommended screening, qualification, and lot acceptance testing of Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuits (PEMs) for use in space application environments.
Two-stage shot peening was performed on engine valve spring prototypes in order to increase their fatigue strength, thereby decreasing the percentage of fatigue failures originating on valve spring surfaces. The two-stage shot peening comprises a high-arc-height shot peening as the first stage and a low arc height shot peening as the second one. Two types of prototypes were prepared, those processed by ordinary one-stage shot peening and those processed by the two-stage shot peening. The residual stress distribution of each of the prototypes was measured by the X-ray inspection, the fatigue testing was carried out on each of them. It is confirmed that an effective residual stress distribution provided by the two-stage shot peening improves the fatigue strength of engine valve springs. The performance of the two-stage shot peening allows high residual compression stress distribution not only on the surfaces but also on the insides. The effect of residual stresses in such distribution provides fatigue strength higher than that obtained by the use of the ordinary one-stage shot peening, which prevents the failures from originating on the surfaces, thereby prolonging the lives.
The figure depicts an apparatus for measuring x-ray diffraction (XRD) and/or x-ray fluorescence (XRF) in a specimen of material. The specimen could be, for example, a standard XRD powder sample of a mineral, the elemental composition of which one seeks to identify. It is common practice to characterize samples in terms of both XRD and XRF, but heretofore, it has been necessary to use separate XRD and XRF apparatuses.
X-ray-based Computed Tomography (CT) has been linked with finite-element analysis to provide a capability for structural characterization of as-manufactured parts— especially for the nondestructive evaluation of metal-matrix composite (MMC) material parts. In some cases, this capability might eventually obviate costly experiments, including destructive experiments that are traditionally performed to determine mechanical responses. Though developed primarily for MMCs, this capability could also be applied to other types of composites, metal forgings and castings, and plastic components.
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