Browse Topic: Aircraft propulsion systems
Employing “ball-on-ring” philosophy, a nonrotating steel ball is held in a vertically mounted chuck and, using an applied load, is forced against an axially mounted steel rotating ring. The test ring is rotated at a fixed speed while being partially immersed in a lubricant reservoir. This maintains the ring in a wet condition and continuously transports a lubricating film of test fluid to the ball and ring interface. The diameter of the wear scar generated on the test ball is used as a measure of the fluid’s lubricating properties. The apparatus can be used by adjusting the operating conditions to reproduce two different wear mechanisms. Therefore, the ALTE can assess a lubricant’s performance in that regard. These mechanisms are described below.
The goal of the development of an electric aircraft engine is to create an aircraft system that achieves ultimate efficiency using hydrogen fuel instead of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on reducing weight as much as possible, and this paper describes the approach to such fuel cell-powered aircraft. The authors have adopted a superconducting coreless rotating electric machine with an integrated hydrogen tank and are pursuing a target of 70kg or less for the main components of a 2MW rotating electric machine. High-temperature superconducting cables have zero electrical resistance and can carry a very high current density, but the alternating current (AC) loss generated when used in AC has been an issue in their application to rotating electric machines. In 2023, The SCSC cable was developed to be a low-AC-loss, robust, and high current cable concept, in which copper-plated multifilament coated conductors are wound spirally on a core. In addition to using this
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes minimum requirements for eddy current inspection of circular holes in nonferrous, metallic, low conductivity (less than 5% IACS) aircraft engine hardware with fasteners removed. The inspection is intended to be performed at maintenance and overhaul facilities on engine run hardware.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended as a guide toward standardization of descriptions and specifications of fluid contamination products.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes supplemental requirements for 9100 and 9145 and applies to any organization receiving it as part of a purchase order or other contractual document from a customer. AS13100 also provides details of the reference materials (RM13xxx) developed by the SAE G-22 AESQ committee and listed in Section 2 that can also be used by organizations in conjunction with this standard.
A tested method of data presentation and use is described herein. The method shown is a useful guide, to be used with care and to be improved with use.
This specification establishes the requirements for the following types of self-locking nuts in thread diameter sizes 0.1380 through 0.6250 inch: a Wrenching Nuts: i.e., hexagon, double hexagon, and spline nuts. b Anchor Nuts: i.e., plate nuts, gang channel nuts, and shank nuts. The wrenching nuts, shank nuts, and nut elements of plate and gang channel nuts are made of a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel-base alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS N07001 and of 180000 psi axial tensile strength at room temperature, with maximum conditioning of parts at 1400 °F prior to room temperature testing.
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, irrespective of their hardness. Due to the increasing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design modifications, decision-making in the manufacturing sector has become progressively more difficult. This study focuses on Cupronickel and suggests creating predictive models to anticipate performance metrics in ECM through regression analysis. The experiments are formulated based on Taguchi's principles, and a multiple regression model is utilized to deduce the mathematical equations. The Taguchi approach is employed for single-objective optimization to ascertain the ideal combination of process parameters for optimizing the material removal rate. The proposed prediction technique for Cupronickel is more adaptable, efficient, and accurate in comparison to current models, providing enhanced monitoring capabilities. The updated models have
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a highly efficient method for creating intricate structures in materials that conduct electricity, regardless of their level of hardness. Due to the growing demand for superior products and the necessity for quick design changes, decision-making in the manufacturing industry has become increasingly intricate. The preliminary intention of this work is to concentrate on Cupronickel and suggest the creation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for the purpose of predictive modeling in ECM. The study employs a Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) methodology to attain multi-objective optimization, with the target of maximizing material removal rate, minimizing surface roughness, and simultaneously achieving precise geometric tolerances. The ANFIS model suggested for Cupronickel provides more flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy compared to conventional approaches, allowing for enhanced monitoring and control in ECM operations
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides a performance station designation system for aircraft propulsion systems and their derivatives.
This AIR describes the current scientific and engineering principles of gas turbine lubricant performance testing per AS5780 and identifies gaps in our understanding of the technology to help the continuous improvement of this specification. Test methodologies under development will also be described for consideration during future revisions of AS5780.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides an overview of temperature measurement techniques for various locations of aircraft gas turbine engines while focusing on current usage and methods, systems, selection criteria, and types of hardware.
Hypersonic propulsion would allow for air travel at speeds of Mach 6 to 17, or more than 4,600 to 13,000 miles per hour, and has applications in commercial and space travel.
This specification covers metric aircraft quality spacers for use as positioners for tubes, flat washers for use as load spreaders, galling protection of adjacent surfaces and or material compatibility, and key or tab washers for use as locks for bolts, nuts, and screws.
This paper explores the groundbreaking applications of plasma propulsion engines and advanced nanomaterials in low-altitude aircraft, addressing the challenges and recent technological advancements that make such applications feasible. Traditional space plasma thrusters operate effectively in near-vacuum conditions by taking advantage of the ease of plasma ignition at low pressures. However, these thrusters face significant difficulties when operated at near-atmospheric pressures found in low-altitude environments, where plasma ignition is challenging. This paper highlights recent breakthroughs in high-pressure plasma glow discharge technology and the integration of nanomaterials, which together enable the use of plasma propulsion engines in low-altitude aircraft. These innovations offer substantial advantages over conventional engines, including higher efficiency, reduced emissions, and the potential to fundamentally change the propulsion systems of low-altitude aircraft.
SABERS, as this portfolio of innovations is named, refers to Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety. Developed jointly at NASA’s Glenn, Langley and Ames Research Centers, SABERS includes several advanced material, manufacturing and computational design innovations that enable a new paradigm in battery performance. The primary target application is next-generation electric aviation propulsion systems, yet SABERS will benefit other applications, too.
This SAE Standard establishes the requirements for lubricating oils containing ashless dispersant additives to be used in four-stroke cycle, reciprocating piston aircraft engines. This document covers the same lubricating oil requirements as the former military specification MIL-L-22851. Users should consult their airframe or engine manufacturer’s manuals for the latest listing of acceptable lubricants. Compliance with this specification must be accomplished in accordance with the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process as described in the documents referenced in 2.1.3. Requests for submittal information may be made to the PRI at the address shown in 2.1.3, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a Qualified Products List (QPL) managed by the PRI. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific piston engine oil in aero applications is the responsibility of the individual equipment builders and/or governmental
This specification covers metric aircraft quality spacers for use as positioners for tubes, flat washers for use as load spreaders, galling protection of adjacent surfaces and or material compatibility, and key or tab washers for use as locks for bolts, nuts, and screws.
This standard defines requirements for the identification, assessment, mitigation, and prevention of risk in the manufacturing process through the application of Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs), Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) and Control Plans throughout the life cycle of a product. This standard aligns and collaborates with the requirements of AS9100, AS9102, AS9103, and AS9145. The requirements specified in this standard apply in conjunction with and are not alternative to contractual and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. In case of conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the latter shall take precedence.
This standard establishes requirements for Process Control Methods to sustain product conformity. This includes training, selection of control methods, analysis and improvement of their effectiveness, and subsequent monitoring and control. It applies to all controls documented in the Control Plan. This will include but is not limited to Key Characteristics (KCs) and Critical Items (CIs). This standard aligns and collaborates with the requirements of AS9100, AS9103, AS9145, AS13000, AS13002, AS13003, and AS13004. Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) items and Standard Catalogue Items (that neither the customer nor supplier hold design authority for) are not included.
The supplier shall use the following process to respond to a customer request for corrective and preventive action.
This standard defines the minimum requirements for conducting Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) for variable and attribute assessment on characteristics as defined on the drawing or specification. It does not define the detailed analytical methods for each type of study as these can be found in existing published texts (see Section 2 for guidance).
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