Browse Topic: Intake systems

Items (1,097)

An Integrated Material Science Approach to Evaluate the Viability of Ethoxy Ethane and Rubber Seed (Heavea Brasiliensis) Biodiesel as Sustainable Fuel for Compression Ignition Engines

2025-28-0130To be published on 02/07/2025

The primary issues in using pure vegetable oils for internal combustion engines are their high soot output and reduced thermal efficiency. Therefore in the present investigation, a Heavea Brasiliensis biodiesel (HBB) is used as a carbon source of fuel and ethoxy ethane as a combustion accelerator on a compression ignition (CI) engine. In this investigation, an only one cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled DI diesel engine with a rated output of 4.4 kW at 1500 rpm was utilized. Whereas heavea brasiliensis biodiesel was delivered straightly into the cylinder at almost close to the end of compression stroke and ethoxy ethane was sprayed instantly in the intake manifold in the event of intake stroke. At various loads, the parameter of ethoxy ethane volume rate were optimised. To minimise exhaust emissions, an air plasma spray technology was employed to cover the engine combustion chamber with a thermal barrier coating. Because of its adaptability for high-temperature applications, YSZ (Yttria

Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree

Evaluation of Waste Transformer Oil Biodiesel Blend with n-Heptane Additives for Engine Performance under Variable Injection Pressure and Timing

2024-01-5223

12/10/2024

This study examines performance metrics and emission profiles of Kirloskar TV1 CI engine fuelled with blend containing waste transformer oil (WTO) biodiesel (40%), n-Heptane (10%), and diesel (50%) by volume (referred to as WTO40H10D50), with additional 10 lpm of hydrogen induction in the intake manifold. Effects of varied injection of fuel timing (19°, 21°, and 23°bTDC) and injection pressure (170, 210, and 240 bar) of WTO40H10D50 on diesel engine were analyzed at 100% engine loading condition. The findings indicate that an injection timing of 23°bTDC and an IP of 240 bar yield the highest BTE and lowest BSEC, suggesting optimal energy conversion efficiency. The influence of inducted H2 resulted in the lowest smoke opacity and HC emissions, demonstrating more complete and cleaner combustion. The results indicate at 23° bTDC of injection timing and 240 bar injection pressure produced best overall performance, with highest brake thermal efficiency and the lowest brake specific energy

Veeraraghavan, Sakthimurugan, Palani, Kumaran, De Poures, Melvin Victor, Madhu, S.

Performance Enhancement through Air Intake Restrictor Tuning by Fluid Flow Analysis for Formula Vehicle

2024-01-5202

12/10/2024

SAE Formula Student Car Organization mandates the installation of a 20mm diameter restrictor between the throttle body and the engine inlet. The primary objective of this restrictor is to regulate and reduce the mass flow of air into the engine inlet. To achieve this, a venture nozzle has been selected as the ideal component, to decrease air pressure while simultaneously increasing velocity within the intake manifold. This research project focuses on optimizing the restrictor by strategically adjusting the convergent and diverging angles. To enhance the restrictor's efficiency, a comprehensive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted, exploring a wide range of convergent angles from 12° to 24° and divergent angles spanning from 4° to 8°. The analysis was performed using CFD Fluent within the ANSYS Workbench platform. Following an extensive series of CFD simulations, the optimal angle combination was found to be a converging angle of 20° combined with a divergent angle

Sathishkumar, A., Soundararajan, R., Ram Kumar, S. K., Mahi Kaarthik, G., Raj Vigneshwar, R., Feroz Ali, L.

New 1.5-Liter Hybrid Engine Development with High Brake Thermal Efficiency

2024-01-5107

11/29/2024

The hybrid engines produced by most original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have been modified to fit within the framework of conventional engine designs. Recently, Geely has introduced a new 1.5-liter (1.5L) inline four-cylinder (I4) TGDI engine, specifically designed to meet the requirements of its innovative, efficient, and intelligent hybrid powertrain architecture. This engine achieves an impressive brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 44%, as well as high specific torque at 153 Nm/L and high specific power at 67 kW/L. To attain this superior performance, the following technical strategies were implemented: a high compression ratio, the robust Miller cycle, an extended piston stroke-to-bore ratio, an intake port optimized for high tumble, cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and an advanced high-energy ignition system. Among these, the middle four strategies, in conjunction with piston cooling jets and enhanced exhaust-side cooling, all contribute to improved in-cylinder

Li, Qiang, Liu, Yang, Zhang, Peiyi, Yan, Pingtao, Li, Hongzhou, Zhu, Yunfeng, Ji, Yan, Li, Minggui, Cui, Boyue

BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS OF A COMMERCIALLY BASED DIESEL ENGINE MODIFIED FOR OPERATION ON JP 8 FUEL

2024-01-3185

11/15/2024

ABSTRACT The majority of commercial off the shelf (COTS) diesel engines rely on EGR to meet increasingly stringent emissions standards, but these EGR systems would be susceptible to corrosion and damage if JP-8 were used as a fuel due to its high sulfur content. Starting with a Cummins 2007 ISL 8.9L production engine, this program demonstrates the modifications necessary to remove EGR and operate on JP-8 fuel with a goal of demonstrating 48% brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at an emissions level consistent with 1998 EPA standards. The effects of injector cup flow, improved turbo match, increased compression ratio with revised piston bowl geometry, increased cylinder pressure, revised intake manifold for improved breathing, and piston, ring and liner designs to reduce friction are all investigated. Testing focused on a single operating point, full load at 1600 RPM. This engine uses a variable geometry turbo and high pressure common rail fuel system, allowing control over air fuel ratio

Lutz, Tim, Modiyani, Rajani

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT, LEAK PROOF PLENUM SEAL FOR THE M1 ABRAMS ENGINE INLET

2024-01-3710

11/15/2024

ABSTRACT The M1 Abrams will be the primary heavy combat vehicle for the US military for years to come. Improvements to the M1 that increase reliability and reduce maintenance will have a multi-year payback. The M1 engine intake plenum seal couples the air intake plenum to the turbine inlet, and has opportunities for improvement to reduce leakage and intake of FOD (foreign object debris) into the engine, which causes damage and premature wear of expensive components

Tarnowski, Steve, Pennala, Steve, Goryca, Mary, Kauth, Kevin

Single Crankshaft Opposed Piston Heat Rejection Measurement and Simulation on High Power Density Engines for Future Ground Combat Vehicle Power Pack Configurations

2024-01-3593

11/15/2024

ABSTRACT This paper discusses inherent advantages and additional design changes that can be made to a single crankshaft opposed piston engine (SCOPE) in order to satisfy military engine heat rejection-to-power requirements of 0.45. The paper starts off with a discussion of the currently demonstrated heat rejection to power levels being obtained with the commercial version of the SCOPE configuration. Here, it is seen that heat rejection-to-power ratios are approximately 0.69. Tests are ongoing and this value is considered preliminary in nature. Analytical results are then presented that decompose where the heat is being generated - for the intake air system, the coolant system, and also the oil lubrication system. The model includes consideration of heat generated from the engines turbochargers, cylinders, pistons, and gear train. The model is anchored to measurements made with a commercial version of the SCOPE engine. Engine heat rejection results for this baseline configuration

Kacynski, Ken, Johnson, S. Arnie, Huo, Ming, Yancone, J., Katech, Chris Meszaros

In-Cylinder Sampling Analysis of Soot Precursors during Bio-Derived Lactone Combustion in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

2024-01-4309

11/05/2024

The development of new fuels for internal combustion engines (ICE) requires further technical support by understanding the pollutant formation mechanism in various phases of combustion so that emissions can be minimised. This research will therefore utilize a bespoke in-cylinder sampling system to analyse the precursors of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Particulate Matter (PM) during bio-derived lactone combustion in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The sampling system was composed of a poppet-type in-cylinder sampling valve that displaced one of the engine’s intake valves and protruded into the combustion chamber beyond the flame quenching layer, and a Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) that analysed the samples. The sampling valve was electromagnetically actuated, and its operation was referenced to the engine crank shaft encoder allowing the valve to open at any crank angle degree (CAD) within a timing resolution of 0.2 CAD. Lactones are oxygenated

Han, Yanlin, Hellier, Paul, Wu, Jincheng, Ladommatos, Nicos

Parametric Study of Methanol Combustion Assisted by Glow Plug in a Low-Duty Diesel Engine

2024-01-4284

11/05/2024

This work numerically investigated the feasibility of methanol compression ignition combustion for light-duty diesel engine applications by using a glow plug (GP) to promote ignition. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to assess the combustion characteristics depending on the GP position, the relative angle between the GP and injector, and other initial conditions. Optimal design parameters were identified. It was demonstrated that GP can enable successful ignition and combustion of methanol at the operating conditions under study. Among the many parameters considered, the relative angle between the GP and injector was found to be one of the most critical parameters in controlling the ignition and complete combustion. Increasing intake temperature promoted combustion speed and engine performance, but excessively high intake temperatures led to higher wall heat transfer loss and lower ITE. An appropriate level of the pilot injection mass was found to increase ITE, with the

Liu, Xinlei, Sim, Jaeheon, Raman, Vallinayagam, Viollet, Yoann, AlRamadan, Abdullah S., Cenker, Emre, Im, Hong G.

Effect of Undercover Design on Vehicle Performance: An Investigation

2024-28-0062

09/19/2024

This research study investigates the influence of undercover design on three critical aspects of vehicle performance: water entering into air intake filter, Aerodynamic performance, thermal performance on vehicle engine room components (Condenser, Radiator and Air Intake System). Undercover serves the purpose of protecting Engine, underhood components and also improves aerodynamics of the vehicle. Through CFD simulations, various undercover design configurations: Full Undercover, no undercover and half undercover cases are evaluated to assess their effectiveness in mitigating the water ingress into the air intake system. Additionally, we explore the implications of these design alterations on the thermal performance and aerodynamic drag. By systematically exploring these interactions, results provided valuable insights on the effect of three undercover configurations related to vehicle performance which can help automotive engineers to develop the undercovers that strike a balance

Padakandla, Kishore Kumar, Nagendra, K. Yalla, Bisoyi, Ram Prasad

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Dual Fuel Hydrogen/Diesel Combustion at Varying Engine Speed on a Single Cylinder Engine

2024-24-0044

09/18/2024

In this study, dual fuel combustion process has been investigated numerically and experimentally in a single cylinder research engine. Two engine speeds have been investigated (1500 and 2000 rpm) at fixed BMEP of 5 bar for both engine speeds. For each engine speed two operating points have tested with and without EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). The hydrogen has been injected in the intake manifold in front of the tumble intake port inlet and a small amount of diesel fuel has been introduced directly in the cylinder through two injections strategy: one pilot injection occurring Before Top Dead Center (BTDC) and one main occurring around the Top Dead Center (TDC). The dual-fuel combustion model in GT-SUITE has been used first to calibrate the combustion model by using the Three Pressure Analysis (TPA) model. This step allows the calibration of the combustion model to predict in-cylinder combustion processes. Simulations have been performed at varying mass distribution of injected diesel

Maroteaux, Fadila, SEBAI, Salim, Mancaruso, Ezio, Rossetti, Salvatore, Schembri, Patrick, Radja, Katia, Barichella, Arnault

Numerical Investigation of Injection and Mixture Formation in Hydrogen Combustion Engines by Means of Different 3D-CFD Simulation Approaches

2024-01-3007

07/02/2024

For the purpose of achieving carbon-neutrality in the mobility sector by 2050, hydrogen can play a crucial role as an alternative energy carrier, not only for direct usage in fuel cell-powered vehicles, but also for fueling internal combustion engines. This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of high-pressure hydrogen injection and the mixture formation inside a high-tumble engine with a conventional liquid fuel injector for passenger cars. Since the traditional 3D-CFD approach of simulating the inner flow of an injector requires a very high spatial and temporal resolution, the enormous computational effort, especially for full engine simulations, is a big challenge for an effective virtual development of modern engines. An alternative and more pragmatic lagrangian 3D-CFD approach offers opportunities for a significant reduction in computational effort without sacrificing reliability. The detailed and the lagrangian approach are both validated against optical measurements

Schmelcher, Robin, Kulzer, Andre, Gal, Thomas, Vacca, Antonino, Chiodi, Marco

Guided Port Injection of Hydrogen as an Approach for Reducing Cylinder-to-Cylinder Deviations in Spark-Ignited H2 Engines – A Numerical Investigation

2024-37-0008

06/12/2024

The reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and ever stricter regulations on pollutant emissions in the transport sector require research and development of new, climate-friendly propulsion concepts. The use of renewable hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines promises to provide a good solution especially for commercial vehicles. For optimum efficiency of the combustion process, hydrogen-specific engine components are required, which need to be tested on the test bench and analysed in simulation studies. This paper deals with the simulation-based investigation and optimisation of fuel injection in a 6-cylinder PFI commercial vehicle engine, which has been modified for hydrogen operation starting from a natural gas engine concept. The focus of the study is on a CNG-derived manifold design which has been adapted with regard to the injector interface and is already equipped with so-called gas injection guiding tubes for targeted fuel injection in front of the

Jung, Philipp Emanuel, Guenthner, Michael, Walter, Nicolas

The Potential of Hydrogen High Pressure Direct Injection toward Future Emissions Compliance: Optimizing Engine-Out NOx and Thermal Efficiency

2024-37-0005

06/12/2024

By building on mature internal combustion engine (ICE) hardware combined with dedicated hydrogen (H2) technology, the H2-ICE has excellent potential to accelerate CO2 reduction. H2-ICE concepts can therefore contribute to realizing the climate targets in an acceptable timeframe. In the landscape of H2-ICE concepts, pilot-ignited High Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI™) is an attractive option considering its high thermal efficiency, wide load range and its applicability to on-road as well as off-road heavy-duty equipment. Still, H2-HPDI is characterized by diffusion combustion, giving rise to significant NOx emissions. In this paper, the potential of H2-HPDI toward compliance with future emissions legislation is explored on a 1.8L single-cylinder research engine. With tests on multiple load-speed points, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) was shown to be an effective measure for reducing engine-out NOx, although at the cost of a few efficiency points. Furthermore, the use of EGR was

Willems, Robbert, Seykens, Xander, Bekdemir, Cemil, Doosje, Erik, Van Gompel, Peter

TOC

99-06-02-0TOC

04/15/2024

TOC

Tobolski, Sue

3-Dimentional Numerical Transient Simulation and Research on Flow Distribution Unevenness in Intake Manifold for a Turbocharged Diesel Engine

2024-01-2420

04/09/2024

The design of engine intake system affects the intake uniformity of each cylinder of the engine, which in turn has an important impact on the engine performance, the uniform distribution of EGR exhaust gas and the combustion process of each cylinder. In this paper, the constant-pressure supercharged diesel engine intake pipe is used as the research model to study the intake air flow unevenness of the intake pipe of the supercharged diesel engine. The pressure boundary condition at the outlet of each intake manifold is set as the dynamic pressure change condition. The three-dimensional numerical simulation of the transient flow process in the intake manifold of diesel engine is simulated and analyzed by using numerical method, and the change of the Intake air flow field in the intake manifold under different working conditions during the intake overlapping period is discussed. The dynamic effects of diesel engine intake boost pressure, rotated speed, and intake pipe geometrical

Yang, Shuai, Yan, Kai, Liu, Haifeng, Fu, Yahao, Liu, Hairan, Li, Tong

Compression Ignition Engine Smoke Emissions at Reduced Ambient Pressures and Temperatures

2024-01-2380

04/09/2024

Smoke emission from compression ignition (CI) engines is directly tied to fuel atomization, vaporization, mixing and combustion processes. Engine boundary conditions such as ambient pressures and temperatures, particularly at higher altitudes, have significant impacts on both available ignition energy and on the mixing-controlled combustion process. However, the effects of boundary conditions are difficult to explore without thorough pressure and temperature control of the engine intake air and exhaust gas at higher altitude conditions. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between engine smoke emission and engine power in a CI engine fueled with jet fuel at various ambient conditions including higher altitudes. A multi-cylinder compression-ignition engine was operated on a jet fuel at various ambient pressure and temperature conditions, as low as 60 kPa and -12°C, respectively. Single and multi-injection strategies were applied depending on engine power

Mattson, Jonathan, Gibson, Joseph, Kweon, Chol-Bum, Kim, Kenneth, Schroen, Erik, Hepp, Kyle, Meininger, Rik, Clerkin, Peter, Kruger, Kurt, Musser, Marshall, Pope, Aaron, Kang, Sang-Guk

Experimental Investigation of Internal and External EGR Effects on a CNG-OME Dual-Fuel Engine

2024-01-2361

04/09/2024

Dual-fuel engines powered by renewable fuels provide a potential solution for reducing the carbon footprint and emissions of transportation, contributing to the goal of achieving sustainable mobility. The investigation presented in the following uses a dual-fuel engine concept running on biogas (referred to as CNG in this paper) and the e-fuel polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (OME). The current study focuses on the effects of exhaust gas rebreathing and external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on emissions and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). A four-cylinder heavy-duty engine converted to dual-fuel operation was used to conduct the engine tests at a load point of 1600 min-1 and 9.8 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). The respective shares of high reactivity fuel (HRF, here: OME) and low reactivity fuel (LRF, here: CNG) were varied, as were the external and internal EGR rates and their combinations. CNG was injected into the intake manifold to create a homogeneous air-fuel mixture

Jost, Ann-Kathrin, Guenthner, Michael, Weigel, Alexander

Evaluating the Effects of an Electrically Assisted Turbocharger on Scavenging Control for an Opposed Piston Two Stroke (OP2S ) Compression Ignition Engine

2024-01-2388

04/09/2024

Opposed piston two-stroke (OP2S) diesel engines have demonstrated a reduction in engine-out emissions and increased efficiency compared to conventional four-stroke diesel engines. Due to the higher stroke-to-bore ratio and the absence of a cylinder head, the heat transfer loss to the coolant is lower near ‘Top Dead Center.’ The selection and design of the air path is critical to realizing the benefits of the OP2S engine architecture. Like any two-stroke diesel engine, the scavenging process and the composition of the internal residuals are predominantly governed by the pressure differential between the intake and the exhaust ports. Without dedicated pumping strokes, the two-stroke engine architecture requires external devices to breathe. In the unique OP2S engine architecture studied in this work, the external pumping devices present in the air path include an electrically assisted turbocharger (EAT), an electrified EGR pump, and a back-pressure valve (BPv) located downstream of the

Bhatt, Ankur, Gandolfo, John, Huo, Ming, Gainey, Brian, Lawler, Benjamin

Life Cycle Assessment of a State-of-the-Art Diesel powered Engine and Preliminary Evaluation of its Conversion into a Novel Hydrogen powered Engine

2024-01-2442

04/09/2024

This paper is part of a broader research project aiming at studying, designing, and prototyping a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine to achieve fast market implementation, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainable costs. The ability to provide a fast market implementation is linked to the fact that the technological solution would exploit the existing production chain of internal combustion engines. Regarding the technological point of view, the hydrogen engine will be a monofuel engine re-designed based on a diesel-powered engine. The redesign involves specific modifications to critical subsystems, including combustion systems, injection, ignition, exhaust gas recirculation, and exhaust gas aftertreatment. Notably, adaptations include the customization of the cylinder head for controlled ignition, optimization of camshaft profiles, and evaluation of the intake system. The implementation incorporates additive manufacturing for the production of new intake manifolds and

Malagrinò, Gianfranco, Accardo, Antonella, Costantino, Trentalessandro, Pensato, Michele, Spessa, Ezio

The Influence of Fundamental Processing Parameters of Ultrasonic Shot Peening on Surface Characteristics of 7B50-T7751 Alloy

2024-01-2681

04/09/2024

Aluminum alloy has become an indispensable part of the automotive industry because of its excellent mechanical properties such as lightweight, high strength, high reliability, maintainability, and low cost. Aluminum alloy is used in automobiles, such as engine blocks, cylinder heads, intake manifolds, brake components, and fuel tanks. Fatigue and fracture are the main reasons for its engineering failure. Surface strengthening techniques, such as ultrasonic shot peening (USP), are often used to improve the fatigue resistance of aluminum alloys. This article expounds on the working principle of USP and elucidates the influence of USP process parameters on the surface characteristics of aluminum alloy. Experimental results observed the effects of USP parameters on surface properties such as surface roughness, microhardness, and surface morphology. The effects of shot peening (SP) diameter, vibration amplitude of ultrasonic vibrating head, and sample placement angle on the surface state of

Adeel, Muhammad, Azeem, Naqash, Xue, Hongqian

A Study on Reliability-Based Maximum Service Temperature Estimation of Plastic Automotive Parts

2024-01-2421

04/09/2024

Recently, the environmental temperature of vehicles is changing due to the electrification of vehicles and improved internal combustion engine system to reduce carbon emissions. However, mechanical properties of plastic materials change very sensitively to environmental temperature changes, and mechanical properties decrease when exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, it is important to estimate lifespan estimation of plastic parts according to temperature changes. In this paper, reliability analysis process to estimate the maximum service temperature of plastic parts was developed using aging data of material properties, environmental condition data of automotive parts, and field driving condition data. Changes in the mechanical properties of plastic materials such as glass fiber reinforced polyamide materials were tested. The environmental exposure temperature of the vehicle and parts was measured, and the general driving pattern of the vehicle was analyzed. Weibull aging model and

Youn, Jee Young, Chung, Min Gyun, Ahn, Hyo Sang

Development of an Ultra-Low Carbon Flex Dual-Fuel Ammonia Engine for Heavy-Duty Applications

2024-01-2368

04/09/2024

The work examined the practicality of converting a modern production 6 cylinder 7.7 litre heavy-duty diesel engine for flex dual-fuel operation with ammonia as the main fuel. A small amount of diesel fuel (pilot) was used as an ignition source. Ammonia was injected into the intake ports during the intake stroke, while the original direct fuel injection equipment was retained and used for pilot diesel injection. A bespoke engine control unit was used to control the injection of both fuels and all other engine parameters. The aim was to provide a cost-effective retrofitting technology for existing heavy-duty engines, to enable eco-friendly operation with minimal carbon emissions. The tests were carried out at a baseline speed of 600 rpm for the load range of the engine (10-90%), with minimum pilot diesel quantity and as high as 90% substitution ratio of ammonia for diesel fuel. Results demonstrated that at high load conditions, ammonia dual-fuel operation could achieve diesel-like

Hegab, Abdelrahman, Bowling, William, Cairns, Alasdair, Harrington, Anthony, Hall, Jonathan, Bassett, Michael

Analysis of Dual Fuel Hydrogen/Diesel Combustion Varying Diesel and Hydrogen Injection Parameters in a Single Cylinder Research Engine

2024-01-2363

04/09/2024

In the perspective of a reduction of emissions and a rapid decarbonisation, especially for compression ignition engines, hydrogen plays a decisive role. The dual fuel technology is perfectly suited to the use of hydrogen, a fuel characterized by great energy potential. In fact, replacing, at the same energy content, the fossil fuel with a totally carbon free one, a significant reduction of the greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and total hydrocarbon, as well as of the particulate matter can be obtained. The dual fuel with indirect injection of gaseous fuel in the intake manifold, involves the problem of hydrogen autoignition. In order to avoid this difficulty, the optimal conditions for the injection of the incoming mixture into the cylinder were experimentally investigated. All combustion processes are carried out on a research engine with optical access. The engine speed has is set at 1500 rpm, while the EGR valve is deactivated. The purpose of this work is to research the minimum

Mancaruso, Ezio, Rossetti, Salvatore, Vaglieco, Bianca Maria

Simulation Investigation of Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) Combustion in a Dedicated Hybrid Engine under Stoichiometric Condition

2024-01-2111

04/09/2024

Turbulent jet ignition (TJI) combustion using pre-chamber ignition can accelerate the combustion speed in the cylinder and has garnered growing interest in recent years. However, it is complicated for the optimization of the pre-chamber structure and combustion system. This study investigated the effects of the pre-chamber structure and the intake ports on the combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine through CFD simulation. Spark ignition (SI) combustion simulation was also conducted for comparison. The results showed that the design of the pre-chamber that causes the jet flame colliding with walls severely worsen the combustion, increasing the knocking intendency, and decrease the thermal efficiency. Compared with SI combustion mode, the TJI combustion mode has the higher heat transfer loss and lower unburned loss. The well-optimized pre-chamber can accelerate the flame propagation with knock suppression. Strong-tumble flow distorts the jet flame propagation, which is not

Liu, Shang, Lin, Zhelong, Qi, Yunliang, Lu, Guoxiang, Wang, Bo, Liu, Yang, Wang, Zhi

Combustion Chamber Development for Flat Firedeck Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Engines

2024-01-2115

04/09/2024

The widely accepted best practice for spark-ignition combustion is the four-valve pent-roof chamber using a central sparkplug and incorporating tumble flow during the intake event. The bulk tumble flow readily breaks up during the compression stroke to fine-scale turbulent kinetic energy desired for rapid, robust combustion. The natural gas engines used in medium- and heavy-truck applications would benefit from a similar, high-tumble pent-roof combustion chamber. However, these engines are invariably derived from their higher-volume diesel counterparts, and the production volumes are insufficient to justify the amount of modification required to incorporate a pent-roof system. The objective of this multi-dimensional computational study was to develop a combustion chamber addressing the objectives of a pent-roof chamber while maintaining the flat firedeck and vertical valve orientation of the diesel engine. A new combustion chamber was designed based on a commercial 11-liter natural gas

Hoag, Kevin, Wray, Christopher, Callahan, Timothy J., Lu, Qilong, Gilbert, Ian, Abidin, Zainal

Development of a Direct-Injection Heavy-Duty Hydrogen Engine

2024-01-2609

04/09/2024

Hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines (ICEs) offer a zero-carbon fuel option for many applications. As part of the global effort to study hydrogen ICEs Ricardo has developed single-cylinder and multi-cylinder heavy-duty engines. The engines are representative of a 13 litre Euro VI heavy-duty production application converted to run on hydrogen fuel with limited changes. The engine is fitted with direct hydrogen injectors which enable flexible injection strategies and reduce hydrogen in the intake system. Steady-state testing was carried out over an array of speed and load points covering a typical heavy-duty drive-cycle area. Engine test results are presented and analysed in this paper. The combustion system can run to values exceeding lambda 5 and 40% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) can be tolerated. The impact of lambda, EGR, injection and ignition timing variations are presented and demonstrate how the system responds to the corresponding changes in specific heat capacity

Osborne, Richard, Hughes, John, Loiudice, Angela, Penning, Richard, Valenta, Lukáš

Sea-Level Characterization of Electrically Assisted Turbocharger for Use on Aviation Diesel Engine

2024-01-1914

03/05/2024

Airborne compression-ignition engine operations differ significantly from those in ground vehicles, both in mission requirements and in operating conditions. Unique challenges exist in the aviation space, and electrification technologies originally developed for ground applications may be leveraged to address these considerations. One such technology, electrically assisted turbochargers (EATs), have the potential to address the following: increase the maximum system power output, directly control intake manifold air pressure, and reignite the engine at altitude conditions in the event of an engine flame-out. Sea-level experiments were carried out on a two-liter, four-cylinder compression-ignition engine with a commercial-off-the-shelf EAT that replaced the original turbocharger. The objective of these experiments was to demonstrate the technology, assess the performance, and evaluate control methods at sea level prior to altitude experimentation. This work covers the baseline

Pope, Aaron, Kim, Kenneth, Schroen, Erik, Clerkin, Peter, Musser, Marshall, Mattson, Jonathan, Meininger, Rik, Gibson, Joseph, Kang, Sang-Guk, Kruger, Kurt, Hepp, Kyle, Kweon, Chol-Bum

High-Efficiency Methanol Engine Development for Heavy Commercial Vehicles

2024-01-5005

01/18/2024

Under China’s “3060” target of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, heavy commercial vehicles are a key breakthrough point to promote the automobile industry to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Green methanol, as a clean alternative fuel, are an effective technical route for heavy commercial vehicles to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on a 13L methanol engine, this study fully considers the methanol combustion characteristics, the ω shape combustion system of the base engine is redesigned as a pent-roof combustion chamber. The intake port is changed from a swirl port to a high-tumble port, and the piston crown is also adjusted adaptively. At the same time, the cam profile, cooling water jacket, intake and exhaust system are redesigned, and the turbocharger is re-matched according to the physical properties of methanol. CAE tools and means are used to optimize and determine the design proposal. Finally, after bench test verification, the

He, Jianxiang, Song, Zhihui, Ge, Feng, Zhang, Hua, Ma, En, Xu, You, Liu, Yan, Shen, Yuan

Oil Aerosol Emission Optimization Using Deflectors in Turbo Charger Oil Drain Circuit

2024-26-0047

01/16/2024

Closed crankcase ventilation prevent harmful gases from entering atmosphere thereby reducing hydrocarbon emissions. Ventilation system usually carries blowby gases along with oil mist generated from Engine to Air intake system. Major sources of blowby occurs from leak in combustion chamber through piston rings, leakage from turbocharger shafts & leakage from valve guides. Oil mist carried by these blowby gases gets separated using separation media before passing to Air Intake. Fleece separation media has high separation efficiency with lower pressure loss for oil aerosol particles having size above 10 microns. However, efficiency of fleece media drops drastically if size of aerosol particles are below 10 microns. Aerosol mist of lower particle size (>10 microns) generally forms due to flash boiling on piston under crown area and from shafts of turbo charger due to high speeds combined with elevated temperatures. High power density diesel engine is taken for our study. It produces

M, Velshankar, Dharan R, Bharani, Dhadse, Ashish, Permude, Ashok, Loganathan, Sekar

NVH Refinement of Small Commercial Vehicle

2024-26-0219

01/16/2024

In today's volatile market environment, and with the change of user priorities, NVH refinement results in silent, vibration-free vehicle. The commercial vehicle industry is also starting to embrace this development in NVH vehicle refinement. There are health concerns associated with the discomfort experienced by occupants. This calls for cabins with no boom noise and less tactile vibrations. Noise within the vehicle is contributed by excitation from the Powertrain, Intake, Exhaust system, driveline, road excitations, suspension (structure borne noise) and its radiation into the air (air borne noise). This paper discusses the approach used to reduce “In-cab boom” noise in the operating speed sweep condition and seat track vibration during engine IDLE condition to improve driver comfort. In this paper NVH refinement was carried out on small commercial vehicles. Higher Seat track vibrations during IDLE and cabin boom noise during wide open throttle condition were observed during

Yeola, Yogesh, Kharpude, Yogesh, Kalsule, Dhanaji, Choudhary, Aditya, Sonar, Santosh, Nikam, Avinash

Influence of Clean Side Duct Topology on Mass Air Flow for Gasoline Engine on Passenger Vehicle

2024-26-0339

01/16/2024

The need for effective control systems is exacerbated by tighter pollution regulations and consumer demands for highly efficiently vehicles especially in the passenger segment. The air flow estimation of engine and accordingly controlling the fuel removes the lacuna of modern gasoline engines. The hot wire type mass air flow sensor is commonly used for air flow measurement, and it generally mounted in clean side piping to prevent damage to air mass flow sensor. The right estimation of air flow is possible by getting uniform flow over the different engine operating speed and load conditions. The placement of air flow sensor becomes critical considering the engine layout and packaging constraints and meeting the sensor mounting requirements. The deviation in mounting of air flow sensor will lead to consequently impact of engine performance and emissions. In our new developed air intake system for passenger vehicle application, torque oscillations were observed over engine operating

Sonone, Sagar Dinesh, Zope, Mahesh, Ghadge, Ganesh, Dwivedi, Anil, Jadhav, Aashish, Kolhe, Vivek M, Panwar, Anupam

Intake and Exhaust System Optimization of a Single Cylinder Engine Using 1D Simulation Approach

2024-26-0212

01/16/2024

Reducing vehicular noise has become a crucial step in product development to meet stringent legislation and improve passenger experience. Smaller vehicles like three-wheelers and compact cars are often powered by a single cylinder engine due to product cost, packaging and weight constraints. Unlike a multi-cylinder engine where cylinders fire one after another which helps to reduce noise levels by destructive interference of pressure waves, a single cylinder engine produces higher noise levels due to firing of a single cylinder. Intake and exhaust flow noise is one of the dominant sources of vehicular noise. This study focuses on using CAE tools to reduce intake and exhaust flow noise levels to meet target noise requirements. One dimensional (1-D) gas dynamics simulation provides a good trade-off between accuracy and run-time, allowing for evaluation of multiple design iterations with acceptable accuracy in a relatively short time frame. A system level optimization was performed on the

Paranjape, Sumeet, Thakur, Sunil, Emran, Ashraf, Wagh, Sachin, Sharma, Vijay

Numerical analysis of the influence of SOI and injection duration on the homogenization of hydrogen-air mixtures in a PFI SI engine under lean operation

2023-36-0106

01/08/2024

The use of green hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines is a cleaner alternative to conventional fuels for the automotive industry. Hydrogen combustion produces only water vapor and nitrogen oxides, which can be avoided with ultra-lean operation, thus, eliminating carbon emissions, from a tank-to-wheel perspective. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of hydrogen injection timing and duration on the homogeneity of the hydrogen-air mixtures. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed to analyze the distribution of air-fuel ratios along the engine's combustion chamber. The simulation software was CONVERGE 3.0, which offers the advantage of automatic mesh generation, reducing the modeling efforts to adjusting the operating conditions of the studied case. Before comparing the injection parameters, a mesh independence test was conducted along with model validation using experimental data. To properly evaluate the start of

Pasa, Bruno Roberto, Fagundez, Jean Lucca Souza, Martins, Mario Eduardo Santos, Salau, Nina Paula Gonçalves, Cogo, Vitor Vielmo, Prante, Geovane Alberto Frizzo, Wittek, Karsten

Anisotropic structural modeling of fiber-reinforced polymers used in engine peripheral components

2023-36-0076

01/08/2024

The evolution of materials technology has provided in recent decades the replacement of the raw material of many parts made of metal by polymers, carbon fibers, ceramics, and composite materials. This process has been driven by the permanent need to reduce weight and costs, which, even after replacing raw materials, still demand permanent improvement and optimization in the sizing process and in the manufacturing process. In the automotive industry, many components have been replaced by fiber-reinforced polymers, from finishing parts to structural components that are highly mechanically stressed and often also subjected to high temperatures. Although they are lighter and have a lower final cost than conventional metallic parts, components made of fiber-reinforced polymers bring great technological challenges to the development project. Within this context, computational modeling is an indispensable ally for obtaining a product capable of meeting the severe conditions required for its

Bueno, Estela Mari Ricetti, Higa, Armando, Bazaneli, José Augusto

In-Cylinder Flow Characterization of a Hydrogen-Ammonia Fueled Rotary Engine

2023-01-7073

12/31/2023

At present, the problem of global warming is becoming more and more serious, and the transformation of energy structure is very important. The rotary engine has the advantages of small size, high power-to-weight ratio, and high fuel adaptability, which makes it promising for application in the fields of new energy vehicle range extender and unmanned aerial vehicle. To this end, this paper proposes the idea of hydrogen/ammonia dual-fuel combination applied to rotary engine, using the experimentally verified three-dimensional simulation model of rotary engine, to study the process of hydrogen/ammonia rotary engine in-cylinder mixture formation under the direct-injection dilute combustion mode, and to analyze the impact of different dual-fuel injection strategies on the performance of rotary engine, and finds that delaying the moment of injection leads to the ammonia concentration in the middle and front of the combustion chamber; when the ammonia nozzle is located in the intake port, the

Chen, Wei, Yang, Xu, Yu, Shiwu, Liu, Xu, He, Weibiao, Zuo, Qingsong

Engine Operating Conditions, Fuel Property Effects, and Associated Fuel–Wall Interaction Dependencies of Stochastic Preignition

2023-01-1615

10/31/2023

This work for the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) explores dependencies on the opportunity for fuel to impinge on internal engine surfaces (i.e., fuel–wall impingement) as a function of fuel properties and engine operating conditions and correlates these data with measurements of stochastic preignition (SPI) propensity. SPI rates are directly coupled with laser–induced florescence measurements of dye-doped fuel dilution measurements of the engine lubricant, which provides a surrogate for fuel–wall impingement. Literature suggests that SPI may have several dependencies, one being fuel–wall impingement. However, it remains unknown if fuel-wall impingement is a fundamental predictor and source of SPI or is simply a causational factor of SPI. In this study, these relationships on SPI and fuel-wall impingement are explored using 4 fuels at 8 operating conditions per fuel, for 32 total test points. The fuels were directly injected at two different injection timings: an earlier injection

Splitter, Derek, Boronat Colomer, Vicente, Neupane, Sneha, Partridge, William

Efficiency Enhancement and Lean Combustion Performance Improvement by Argon Power Cycle in a Methane Direct Injection Engine

2023-01-1618

10/31/2023

Argon Power Cycle (APC) is an innovative future potential power system for high efficiency and zero emissions, which employs an Ar-O2 mixture rather than air as the working substance. However, APC hydrogen engines face the challenge of knock suppression. Compared to hydrogen, methane has a better anti-knock capacity and thus is an excellent potential fuel for APC engines. In previous studies, the methane is injected into the intake port. Nevertheless, for lean combustion, the stratified in-cylinder mixture formed by methane direct injection has superior combustion performances. Therefore, based on a methane direct injection engine at compression ratio = 9.6 and 1000 r/min, this study experimentally investigates the effects of replacing air by an Ar-O2 mixture (79%Ar+21%O2) on thermal efficiencies, loads, and other combustion characteristics under different excess oxygen ratios. Meanwhile, the influences of varying the methane injection timing are studied. Results indicate that by

Wang, Chenxu, Deng, Jun, Su, Xiang, Cui, Wenyi, Tang, Yongjian, Li, Liguang

Simulation Study on EGR Condensate Flow and Uniformity of Each Cylinder in the Intake Manifold

2023-01-7034

10/30/2023

As engine technology developed continuously, engine with both turbocharging and EGR has been researched due to its benefit on improving the engine efficiency. Nevertheless, a technical issue has raised up while utilizing both turbocharging and EGR at the same time: excess condensed water existed in intake manifold which potentially trigger misfire conditions. In order to investigate the root-cause, a CFD model (conducted by CONVERGE CFD software) was presented and studied in this paper which virtually regenerated intake manifold flow-field with EGR condensed water inside. Based on the simulated results, it concluded that different initial conditions of EGR condensed water could significantly change the amount of water which deposited in each cylinder. Thus, a coefficient of variation of deposited condensed water amount among these cylinders, was marked as the evaluation reference of cylinder misfire. Theoretically, as this coefficient of variation reduced, the EGR condensed water from

Pan, Shiyi, Li, Guanting, Wang, Jinhua, Zhang, Nan, Xu, Zhiqin, Chen, Shanghua, Chen, Jun, Zhao, Shengwei

Measurement of Liquid Fuel Film Attached to the Wall in a Port Fueled SI Gasoline Engine

2023-01-1818

10/24/2023

Liquid fuel attached to the wall surface of the intake port, the piston and the combustion chamber is one of the main causes of the unburned hydrocarbon emissions from a port fueled SI engine, especially during transient operations. To investigate the liquid fuel film formation process and fuel film behavior during transient operation is essential to reduce exhaust emissions in real driving operations, including cold start operations. Optical techniques have been often applied to measure the fuel film in conventional reports, however, it is difficult to apply those previous techniques to actual engines during transient operations. In this study, using MEMS technique, a novel capacitance sensor has been developed to detect liquid fuel film formation and evaporation processes in actual engines. A resistance temperature detector (RTD) was also constructed on the MEMS sensor with the capacitance sensor to measure the sensor surface temperature. The response and the sensitivity of the

Kuboyama, Tatsuya, Yoshihashi, Tsukasa, Moriyoshi, Yasuo, Nakabeppu, Osamu, Takayama, Satoshi

Development of Direct Injection Technology for Motorcycle Gasoline Engine

2023-01-1850

10/24/2023

The authors developed a gasoline engine that combined direct injection and port fuel injection in order to improve fuel economy for motorcycles. Compared to passenger car engines, motorcycle engines generally have smaller displacement and operate at higher engine speed, so the bore and stroke are generally smaller than those of passenger cars. Therefore, the direct injection spray characteristics optimized for small bore and stroke were selected to reduce fuel adhesion to various parts of the combustion chamber wall. In addition, this engine employed the high tumble intake port that can both strengthen turbulence intensity and suppress the decrease in volumetric efficiency to a lower level. Also, stratification of air-fuel mixture and split injection were employed for reducing catalyst warm-up time and soot. The results showed that excellent fuel economy was achieved without sacrificing engine output performance while meeting emissions regulations

Saitou, Masahito, Hisano, Atsushi, Sakurai, Yota, Matsuda, Yoshimoto, ichi, Satoaki

On the Effects of Piston Pocket, Intake Port, and Transfer Duct Geometries in a Small Stratified-Scavenging Two-Stroke Engine

2023-01-1825

10/24/2023

The regulatory framework of pollutant emissions concerning non-road small internal combustion engines is becoming increasingly challenging. The upcoming scenario threatens to cut out small two-stroke engines because of the fuel short circuit occurring during transfer and exhaust ports overlap, causing the emission of unburned hydrocarbons and reducing engine efficiency. Despite this challenge, small two-stroke engines are unmatched in high power density applications in which weight and autonomy hinder the diffusion of electric technologies. The continuation of small two-stroke engines in the market will thus depend on the capability of mitigating fuel short circuit. From this perspective, some of the Authors found the low-pressure injection technology fulfilling the purpose at engine full load; however, in addition to system complexity and costs, a lack of mixture homogenization was noted at low load. Another solution concerns the adoption of a pocket milled in the piston skirt

Ciampolini, Marco, Raspanti, Sandro, Romani, Luca, Ferrara, Giovanni, Merolla, Santo, Gagliardi, Vincenzo

Characterization of Gaseous and Particle Emissions of a Direct Injection Hydrogen Engine at Various Operating Conditions

2023-32-0042

09/29/2023

This paper investigates the gaseous and particulate emissions of a hydrogen powered direct injection spark ignition engine. Experiments were performed over different engine speeds and loads and with varying air- fuel ratio, start of injection and intake manifold pressure. An IAG FTIR system was used to detect and measure a variety of gaseous emissions, which include standard emissions such as NOX and unburned hydrocarbons as well as some non-standard emissions such as formaldehyde, formic acid, and ammonia. The particle number concentration and size distribution were measured using a DMS 500 fast particle analyzer from Cambustion. Particle composition was investigated using ICP analysis as well as a Sunset OC/EC analyzer to determine the soot content and the presence of any unburned engine oil. The results show that NOX emissions range between 0.1 g/kWh for a λ of 2.5 and 10 g/kWh λ of 1.5. The highest particle concentration was found for low loads and low intake pressures, with peaks

Berg, Victor, Koopmans, Lucien, Sjöblom, Jonas, Dahlander, Petter

Evaluation of Swirl Ratio Effects on the Flow Fields using Particle Image Velocimetry and Flame Image Velocimetry in a Small-Bore Optical Compression-Ignition Engine

2023-32-0061

09/29/2023

This study applies high-speed particle image velocimetry (HS-PIV) and flame image velocimetry (HS-FIV) to show flow fields under the effect of varied swirl ratios in a small-bore optical compression-ignition engine. The base swirl ratio and maximum swirl ratio conditions were applied to investigate structures, magnitude and turbulence distribution of the in-cylinder flow as well as the flow within the flame. For each swirl ratio, 100 individual cycles were measured for PIV analysis at motoring conditions and then another 100 cycles for FIV analysis at firing conditions. The derived flow fields were ensemble averaged to show flow structure evolution while the spatial filtering method was applied to extract high-frequency flow component for the analysis of turbulence distributions. The results showed that the intake air flow generates undefined, chaotic flow fields, which are followed by a gradual production of an asymmetric swirl flow. This is due to uneven intake port shape with one

Yang, Jinxin, Kim, Dongchan, Kook, Sanghoon, Kim, Kenneth S, Kweon, Chol-Bum

Investigation of Dimethyl Ether Dual-Fuel Combustion Using Propane and Ethanol as Premixed Fuel

2023-32-0018

09/29/2023

The combustion and emission characteristics of dual-fuel combustion were investigated using dimethyl ether direct injection and premixed low-carbon fuels. Dimethyl ether was used as the direct injection fuel for its high reactivity and low propensity to form particulate matter. Ethanol and Propane, two fuels of low reactivity, were premixed in the intake port. An injection timing sweep of varying premixed energy shares and engine loads was tested. Combustion analysis was conducted based on in-cylinder pressure measurements while detailed speciation of engine-out emissions was performed via FTIR. The proper injection advance and premixed energy share can realize low NOx and high combustion efficiency. Ethanol showed stronger impact to DME ignition delay as compared with propane

LeBlanc, Simon, Wang, Linyan, Yu, Xiao, Zheng, Ming

Numerical Study of Dual Fuel Methanol/Diesel Combustion under Engine-like Condition

2023-32-0121

09/29/2023

Alternative fuels such as methanol can significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when used in internal combustion engines (ICEs). This study characterized the combustion of methanol, methanol/diesel, and methanol/renewable diesel numerically. Numerical findings were also compared with engine experiments using a single-cylinder engine (SCE). The engine was operated under a dual-fuel combustion mode: methanol was fumigated at the intake port, and diesel was injected inside the cylinder. The characteristic of ignition delay trend as methanol concentration increased is being described at low temperature (low engine load) and high temperature (high engine load) conditions

Cung, Khanh, Jha, Prabhat, Briggs, Thomas, Bitsis, Chris, Smith, Edward, Abidin, Zainal

A Study on Developing MPI Hydrogen ICE over 2MPa BMEP for Medium Duty Vehicles

2023-32-0037

09/29/2023

Hydrogen ICE can achieve carbon neutrality and is adaptable to medium and heavy-duty vehicles, for which electricity is not always a viable option. It can also be developed using high-quality conventional diesel/gasoline engine technology. Furthermore, it allows for the conversion of existing engines to hydrogen ICE, making it highly marketable. The reliability and durability of MPI hydrogen ICE is better than that of DI, and MPI has an advantage over DI in terms of cruising range because the low-pressure injection of hydrogen reduces the remaining hydrogen in the tank. Improving MPI output is, however, an important subject, and achieving this requires suppressing abnormal combustion such as pre-ignition. In this study, an inline four-cylinder 5L turbo-charged diesel engine was converted to a hydrogen engine. Hydrogen injectors were installed in the intake ports and spark plugs were installed instead of diesel fuel injectors. A two-stage turbo system was adopted to improve the engine

Hiyama, Daisuke, Ito, Akemi, Nishibe, Koichi, Nozaki, Satoru, Nanba, Yoshinori, Yamaura, Takuya, Takeda, Keiso, Sasaki, Ryuichi, Naganuma, Kaname

Residual Gas Fraction Measurement and Estimation of the CFR Octane Rating Engine Operating Under HCCI Conditions

2023-32-0010

09/29/2023

The autoignition chemistry of fuels depends on the pressure, temperature, and time history that the fuel-air mixture experiences during the compression stroke. While piezoelectric pressure transducers offer excellent means of pressure measurement, temperature measurements are not commonly available and must be estimated. Even if the pressure and temperature at the intake and exhaust ports are measured, the residual gas fraction (RGF) within the combustion chamber requires estimation and greatly impacts the temperature of the fresh charge at intake valve closing. This work replaced the standard D1 Detonation Pickup of a CFR engine with a rapid sampling valve to allow for in-cylinder gas sampling at defined crank-angle times during the compression stroke. The extracted cylinder contents were captured in an emissions sample bag and its composition was subsequently analyzed in an AVL i60 emissions bench. Carbon dioxide levels beyond atmospheric concentration directly identified the

Gonzalez, Jorge Pulpeiro, Hoth, Alexander, Kolodziej, Christopher P., Seong, Hee Je

Charge Dilution Strategy to Extend the Stable Combustion Regime of a Homogenous Charge Compression Ignited Engine Operated With Biodiesel

2023-32-0132

09/29/2023

The present research explores the application of biodiesel fuel in a stationary agricultural engine operated under the Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode. To achieve HCCI combustion, a fuel vaporizer and a high-pressure port fuel injection system are employed to facilitate rapid evaporation of the biodiesel fuel. The low volatility of biodiesel is one of the significant shortcomings, which makes it inevitable to use a fuel vaporizer at 380oC. Consequently, the charge temperature is high enough to promote advanced auto-ignition. Further, the high reactivity of biodiesel favors early auto-ignition of the charge. Besides, biodiesel exhibits a faster burn rate due to its oxygenated nature. The combined effect of advanced auto-ignition and faster burn rate resulted in a steep rise in the in-cylinder pressures, leading to abnormal combustion above 20% load. Diluting the charge reduces reactivity and intake oxygen concentration, facilitating load extension. This study explores

Bukkarapu, Kiran Raj, Krishnasamy, Anand

Development of New 3.5 L V6 Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

2023-32-0073

09/29/2023

A 3.5-L natural aspiration engine was developed to enhance the environmental performance of V6 engines to be used in Honda’s North American market. This engine changes from the single overhead cam architecture for the cylinder head found in the previous engine to a double overhead cam architecture and adopted variable timing control intake and exhaust variable cylinder management for the valve system. This increased the degree of freedom in setting valve timing across the operating range compared to the past, increased the intake air volume in the high-load range, and realized reduction of pumping loss under low and medium load. The intake port, combustion chamber, and piston shape related to combustion have been newly designed to enhance in-cylinder flow. In addition, while following the cooling structure of previous engine, water channels were installed between the exhaust valves and between the cylinder bores to enhance the cooling performance of the combustion chamber. These

Kawawa, Satoshi, Tomitani, Yuki, Nakashima, Hiroaki, Imakita, Akio, Taki, Shotaro

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