Browse Topic: Fluid power systems
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for a convoluted polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lined, metallic reinforced, hose assembly suitable for use in aerospace fluid systems at temperatures between -65 °F and 400 °F for Class 1 assembly, -65 °F and 275 °F for Class 2 assembly, and at operating pressures per Table 1. The use of these hose assemblies in pneumatic storage systems is not recommended. In addition, installations in which the limits specified herein are exceeded, or in which the application is not covered specifically by this standard, shall be subject to the approval of the procuring activity.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations on cavity design, the installation of elastomer type spare seals in these cavities, and information surrounding elastomer material properties after contact with typical shock absorber hydraulic fluid(s) or grease. This ARP is primarily concerned with the use of spare seals on shock absorbers where only a single dynamic seal is fitted and in contact with the slider/shock absorber piston at any one time. These shock absorbers typically have a spare (dynamic) seal gland located on the outer diameter of the lower seal carrier. This spare seal gland is intended to house a spare elastomer contact seal. Split Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) backup rings can also be installed in the spare seal cavity. During operation, if the fitted dynamic shock absorber standard seal begins to fail/leak, then the aircraft can be jacked up, allowing the lower gland nut of the shock absorber to be dropped down. The current used dynamic seal
This material type has resistance to hot air, but generally has poor resistance to fuels and lubricants, but usage is not limited to such applications. Each application should be considered separately. This material type has a typical service temperature range of -85 to 500 °F (-65 to 260 °C). The operating temperature range of the material is a general temperature range, but the presence of particular fluids and design parameters may modify this range. Recommendations on the material selection are based on available technical data and are offered as suggestions only. Each user should make his own tests to determine the suitability for his own particular use.
The Tractor is essential in both agriculture and construction, equipped with a variety of implements for different operational conditions. Its hydraulic system is crucial for controlling these implements during fieldwork and transport. The quadrant assembly is a key part of the tractor’s hydraulic control system, allowing the operator to manage important functions. This includes hydraulic control and draft control, enabling the farmer or operator to use the PC and DC levers to adjust the movement of implements during various tasks. Tractors are commonly used in fields and farms where the soil can be loose and muddy, particularly during wet puddling operations. In these muddy conditions, tractors can accumulate mud in critical components, such as the quadrant assembly. This can lead to functional issues, increased friction, and problems within the hydraulic system, especially affecting the controls for hydraulics and lever shifting for implement handling. As a result, operators may need
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes a method for evaluating the particulate matter extracted from the working fluid of a hydraulic system or component using a membrane. The amount of particulate matter deposited on the membrane due to filtering a given quantity of fluid is visually compared against a standard membrane in order to provide an indication of the cleanliness level of the fluid.
The traditional braking system has been unable to meet the redundant safety requirements of the intelligent vehicle for the braking system. At the same time, under the change of electrification and intelligence, the braking system needs to have the functions of braking boost, braking energy recovery, braking redundancy and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to study the redundant braking boost control of the integrated electro-hydraulic braking system. Based on the brake boost failure problem of the integrated electro-hydraulic brake system, this paper proposes a redundant brake boost control strategy based on the Integrated Brake Control system plus the Redundant Brake Unit configuration, which mainly includes fault diagnosis of Integrated Brake Control brake boost failure, recognition of driver braking intention based on pedal force, pressure control strategy of Integrated Brake Control brake boost and pressure control strategy of Redundant Brake Unit brake boost. The designed control
This specification covers the design and installation requirements for Type I and II military aircraft hydraulic systems.
Caterpillar has released a cavalcade of new compact track loaders and skid steer loaders. The new CTL models include the 275, 275 XE, 285 and 285 XE. These models join the lineup alongside the 255 and 265, which were introduced last year (www.sae.org/news/2024/02/cat-compact-loaders). The 285 and 285 XE are the largest CTLs Caterpillar has ever produced and reportedly feature greater lift height and lift and tilt breakout forces. “We are excited to launch the next-generation design for our skid steer loader line and expand the performance capabilities to more compact track loader models,” said Trevor Chase, senior product consultant and new product introduction lead for Caterpillar. “Their increased power, lift height, breakout forces, rated operating capacity (ROC) and multiple high-flow auxiliary hydraulic system options give customers a flexible, high-performance machine to get the job done.”
This SAE Information Report is primarily to familiarize the designer of hydraulic powered machinery with the necessity for oil filtration in the hydraulic power circuit, the degree of system cleanliness required, types of filtration and filters available, and their location and maintenance in the hydraulic circuit.
To describe laboratory methods for determining and reporting the contaminant level of the wetted portion of hydraulic fluid power components, parts, subsystems and systems, and of fill fluids. For each type of item, it provides a method of obtaining the liquid sample and the contamination level thereof. It also includes procedures for establishing a sampling plan and guidelines for establishing levels of acceptance, but does not set those levels.
This test code describes tests for determining characteristics of hydraulic positive displacement motors as used on off-road self-propelled work machines as referenced in SAE J1116.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides an overview of the various types of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) backup rings for hydraulic and pneumatic fluid power applications, including their advantages and disadvantages.
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is limited in scope to the general consideration of environmental control system noise and its effect on occupant comfort. Additional information on the control of environmental control system noise may be found in 2.3 and in the documents referenced throughout the text. This document does not contain sufficient direction and detail to accomplish effective and complete acoustic designs.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a method of conducting an endurance test using contaminated air when the applicable specification requires non-recirculation of the contaminants. The objective of the test is to determine the resistance of the engine mounted components to wear or damage caused by the contaminated air. The method described herein calls for non-recirculation of the contaminants and is intended to provide a uniform distribution of the contaminant at the inlet to the Unit Under Test (UUT). The UUT may require the use of a hydraulic fluid for actuation of components within the test unit. Contamination of the test hydraulic fluid is not part of this recommended practice. If contaminated hydraulic fluid is required by the applicable test specification, refer to MAP749.
A well-designed cooling system is crucial in construction machines for efficient heat dissipation from vital components, including the Radiator(RAD), Oil Cooler (OC) and Intercooler (IC). The radiator ensures optimal engine performance and longevity by maintaining a stable operating temperature. Oil Coolers preserve hydraulic system efficiency. Inter Coolers optimize engine performance through denser intake air. The robust cooling system enhances system reliability, reduces downtime, avoid overdesigned system, and increases operator safety in demanding construction environments. The size and location of heat exchangers are critical in cooling system design. Using 1D simulation tool KULI for cooling system design offers the benefits of comprehensive system simulation, optimization of thermal management, reduced development time and costs, enhanced system reliability, improved integration with other systems, and real-world testing and validation. The tool enables time and cost-effective
This SAE Standard covers specifications and performance requirements for 37-degree and 45-degree single and double flares for tube ends intended for use with SAE J512, SAE J513, SAE J514, and ISO 8434-2 connectors. The flares described in this document are intended for use with SAE metallic tube materials. Considerations such as the effects of wall thickness selection for specific working pressures, identifying the appropriate length of thread engagements for specific applications with mating connectors, and other associated criteria shall be the responsibility of the user. For applicable nominal reference working pressures for hydraulic tubing, refer to SAE J1065 and ISO 10763. In an effort to standardize within a global marketplace and ensure that companies can remain competitive in an international market, it is the intent of this document to promote the use of metric tube and connector sizes, which will: Lead to one global system. Guide users to a preferred system. Reduce
To provide a method by which to assess the cleanliness of new hydraulic fluids. The method is applicable to new mineral and synthetic hydraulic fluids - regardless of packaging. This SAE Standard is not intended as a procedure for operating equipment.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the aspects of hydraulic system design and installation to minimize the effects of lightning. Techniques for effective electrical bonding, hydraulic system lightning protection, and lightning protection verification techniques are discussed.
Electrification isn't just a matter of switching out the diesel engine for an electric motor. It requires a thorough review of connected systems - particularly the hydraulic system. Using the same components in electric machines as those used in conventional machines often requires more battery power or a larger electric motor. For this reason, OEMs have discovered the need to rethink efficiency and productivity when electrifying machines. MPG Makine Prodüksiyon Grubu learned this firsthand when designing a truck-mounted electric crane for one of its Netherlands-based customers. The Konya, Turkey-based OEM produces truck-mounted hydraulic cranes with folding and telescopic booms as well as aerial work platforms and tree trans-planter machines.
This specification covers an acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) elastomer that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes. For molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications, use the AMS-P-83461 specification or the MIL-PRF-25732 specification.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) lists military and industry specifications, standards, recommended practices, and information reports applicable to aerospace hydraulic and pneumatic systems and components.
A semi-active suspension system provides superior safety, ride, and handling performance for a vehicle by continuously varying the damping based on vehicle motions, where semi-active hydraulic damper (SAHD) is the most critical component. Today, SAHD’s are standard in most of the premium segments of vehicles and optional extras in mid-size and compact vehicle segments. Electric vehicles require larger sized SAHD’s to meet heavier vehicle loads and meet ride and handling requirements. The aim of this paper is to highlight the design and development methodology of a base valve for larger bore-size for semi-active hydraulic damper. The workflow follows to present a process for base valve design to meet structural strength and, the key steps of design calculations of the hydraulic performance. The design of the base valve and suction disks architecture was engineered with the aid of Computer Aided simulations. The structural performance was analyzed using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA
This document defines the requirements for weld fittings and machine weldments using an orbiting welding head suitable for use on cold worked 3AL-2.5V titanium, 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn CRES, and 718 nickel alloy tubing. Fitting standards covered by this specification include non-separable welded elbow, tee, and reducer fittings, and reconnectable 24-degree cone fittings, such as sleeves and unions.
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