Browse Topic: Fluid power systems

Items (3,735)
Addressing the challenges in maintaining large hydraulic cylinders and the lack of specialized equipment, this study presents a dedicated maintenance system developed through a case study of a large hydraulic lifting cylinder. Through a comprehensive analysis of maintenance requirements, we developed a six-component maintenance system comprising a foundation base, a mounting bracket, a cylinder support frame, a piston rod bracket, a drive cylinder bracket, and hydraulic components. The paper systematically explains the structural configurations and functional specifications of each component, details the operational workflow of the maintenance system, and conducts theoretical design and strength verification for critical load-bearing brackets using principles from theoretical mechanics and structural mechanics. A static analysis module from ANSYS Workbench finite element software was employed to validate the overall structure. Results demonstrate that the key components meet operational strength requirements. This innovative maintenance system proves highly feasible and serves as a valuable reference for designing similar hydraulic cylinder systems.
Qiao, XiaodongDu, ChaoLong, Yuheng
To address the ambiguity in the relationship between design parameters and energy characteristics in pneumatic systems caused by gas compressibility and low viscosity, which leads to design redundancy, this paper proposes a dynamic characteristic characterisation method based on the pneumatic frequency ratio. This aims to establish a correlation mechanism between system energy consumption and dynamic performance. By constructing a nonlinear dynamic model of a double-acting cylinder, the dimensionless aerodynamic frequency ratio (Ω) is defined to characterise the matching relationship between the system’s natural and operating frequencies. Analytical relationships between Ω and key design parameters—such as cylinder diameter and valve sound velocity conductance—are derived, thereby establishing a normalised similarity criterion. Through combined simulation analysis and experimental validation, the regulatory patterns of Ω on the dynamic characteristics of displacement, velocity, and pressure are systematically investigated. Results indicate that under consistent Ω conditions, the normalised dynamic characteristic error across aerodynamic systems with varying parameters can be controlled within 4%. A significant linear correlation exists between the frequency ratio and the amplitude of cylinder chamber pressure differentials, with errors below 3%. The study further reveals that Ω exerts a nonlinear regulatory effect on system responsiveness and stability: increasing Ω enhances dynamic response speed but exacerbates pressure fluctuations, whereas decreasing Ω slows response but improves pressure stability. This methodology provides a theoretical foundation for energy-efficient design, parameter matching, and intelligent control of pneumatic systems, effectively addressing a gap in existing research on energy-dynamics coupling analysis.
Li, MengruDu, HongwangWang, JiajiaYuan, TingtingXiong, Wei
This SAE Standard establishes a test method and a definition for disclosing the performance of suction/blower fans when applied to self-propelled sweepers that solely use a pneumatic conveyance means for the collection and transfer of “sweepings” into a collection hopper.
MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
This part of SAE J514 covers general and dimensional specifications for 37 degree flared tube fittings. Also included are 37 degree flared fittings with NPTF pipe threads in Appendix B. These fittings are intended for general application in hydraulic systems on industrial equipment and commercial products. These fittings are capable of providing leak-proof, full flow connections in hydraulic systems operating at working pressures as specified in Table 6. Since many factors influence the pressure at which a hydraulic system will or will not perform satisfactorily, the values shown in Table 6 should not be construed as a guaranteed minimum. For any application, it is recommended that sufficient testing be conducted and reviewed by both the user and fitting manufacturer to assure that performance levels will be safe and satisfactory.
Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a method for evaluating the performance of filter elements designed for aerospace hydraulic systems. The performance is measured and reported in terms of filtration ratios and stabilized contamination levels while testing with cyclic flow.
A-6C1 Fluids and Contamination Control Committee
Knowing a detailed operating cycle is critical for developing and testing equipment. Operating cycles can be separated by two clear distinctions: (1) regulatory or non-regulatory and (2) application at the engine-only or full machine level. The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Nonroad Transient Cycle (NRTC) may be a good representation of engine use in many types of equipment, but there is a gap in standardized and validated drive cycles specifically for nonroad material handlers. Lacking a standardized drive cycle makes it difficult to accurately benchmark machine performance and validate new powertrain technologies. The objective of this investigation is to illustrate the development of a custom drive cycle augmented with real-world customer use data that serves multiple purposes: (1) understand the range of operation and utilization that formulated inputs for electrified architecture analysis and (2) develop a repetitive and consistent maneuver to establish baseline energy consumption enabling equivalent comparison to future electrified prototype builds. This article presents a solution specifically for a 23-ton nonroad material handler in which material handling, machine transport, and extended idle were homologated to form representative short cycles defined by machine velocity and hydraulic cylinder position. The most intensive material handling short cycles had a load factor of 40% and an average fuel rate of 16 L/h. Combined with a visual aid, the short cycles exhibited low variability, having less than 5% root mean square (RMS) error in lift and reach position with respect to the average. The machine’s performance on these short cycles at the Advanced Power Systems Research Center (APSRC) was compared to results from two real-world customer locations operating the instrumented test machine in a cyclical manner, and for similar ground conditions were found to be comparable in fuel consumption.
Czarnecki, AlexanderGoodenough, BryantWorm, JeremyRobinette, DarrellLaTendresse, PhilWestman, John
Automotive Engineering: June 202626AUTP066/4/2026
New York 2026: diversity on full display New powertrain choices keep popping up on new vehicles from OEMs that debuted at NYIAS this year. Sealing integrity in a Formula 1 limited-slip differential High-temperature hydraulic control in a Formula 1 drivetrain requires dimensional stability, controlled sealing force, and resistance to wear under sustained pressure cycling. Inside the limited-slip differential, the sealing architecture plays a defined mechanical role in maintaining consistent torque management under race conditions. From ADAS to autonomy How engineering thermoplastics can advance sensor-based technologies. Synthetic data and the future of ADAS validation Why ADAS validation can't be solved with more miles alone. Intelligent power distribution will change the way vehicles are designed Electronic fuse (eFuse) technology can create electronic power distribution modules (ePDMs) for architectural flexibility, higher reliability, greater safety, and proactive maintenance. Editorial Maybe more than ever, let's talk transportation diversity The Navigator Can legacy automakers finally succeed with SDVs? AI scares and excites cybersecurity professionals at WCX Expert claims war hurting China's already-struggling economy NHTSA open to negotiated rulemaking on some safety issues Resilient propulsion strategies require options Driven: Honda Fastport eQuad Prototype Product Briefs Spotlight: Connectors & harnesses, EV thermal management Q&A Neural Concept's Thomas von Tschammer: Working with AI at speed
High-temperature hydraulic control in a Formula 1 drivetrain requires dimensional stability, controlled sealing force, and resistance to wear under sustained pressure cycling. Inside the limited-slip differential, the sealing architecture plays a defined mechanical role in maintaining consistent torque management under race conditions. In Formula 1, drivetrain reliability and performance are closely linked. The limited-slip differential (LSD) governs torque distribution between the rear wheels, allowing controlled transfer of power to the wheel with greater available grip. By limiting speed difference across the rear axle, the differential contributes directly to traction and cornering behavior, particularly where grip levels vary across the vehicle. At the center of this assembly is a hydraulic actuator that clamps a friction clutch inside the differential. The actuator modulates clutch engagement to redirect torque as grip levels change through corner entry, mid-corner load transfer, and acceleration on exit. Its performance depends on precise hydraulic control, which in turn depends on sealing integrity. Within this system, seal integrity is paramount, as significant leakage could cause a catastrophic loss of system function and force the team to retire the car.
Clarke, Andrew
AMS6885/5 is the Material Specification (MS) which defines the requirements of a unidirectional carbon fiber tape epoxy repair prepreg capable of curing under vacuum for repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures. It also defines the requirements of an epoxy film adhesive to be applied in a co-bonding process with the prepreg for solid laminate and sandwich bonding.
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
Applies to hydraulic fluid power valves as applied to Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines defined in SAE J1116.
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
This Aerospace Standard (AS) provides the general requirements for hydraulic components that are used in military aircraft and missile hydraulic systems. NOTE: AS8775 is intended for use on aircraft that utilize military hydraulic fluids (typically MIL-PRF-83282 and MIL-PRF-87257). AS4941 should be used for those military aircraft that utilize AS1241 hydraulic fluid (for example, military derivatives of civil aircraft or some new design military cargo aircraft) instead of AS8775.
A-6A2 Military Aircraft Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies dimensional and physical requirements of tow bar connections to tractor and aircraft (see Figure 1). It is applicable to all types of commercial transport category aircraft tow bar. The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to standardize tow bar attachments to airplane and tractor according to the mass category of the towed aircraft, so that one tow bar head with different shear levels can be used for all aircraft that are within the same mass category and are manufactured in compliance with AS1614 or ISO 8267.
AGE-3 Aircraft Ground Support Equipment Committee
This study investigates noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics of hydraulic steering systems in medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles due to hydraulic system design. Utilizing on-vehicle and lab environment testing, primarily a pressure sweep test and speed sweep test, to identify sources of NVH. Testing demonstrated a significant impact to perceptible noise and vibration through changes to system and component design. NVH mitigation is accomplished by reducing pressure pulsations, cavitation, and turbulence within the fluid by changing hydraulic plumbing diameter. Reduction in sound pressure level (SPL) averaged 30% with peak reduction of 75%. While optimizing hose diameter is an effective method for controlling NVH in commercial vehicle hydraulic steering systems, additional studies should be conducted in optimizing plumbing materials and routing.
Bari, Praful RajendraKintner, Jason
The advanced construction equipment packing the convention center halls and surrounding lots will understandably be the stars of the triennial CONEXPO trade show, taking place March 3-7 in Las Vegas. But the latest technologies in fluid power and motion control that help those machines operate efficiently will also command attention from showgoers. The Bosch Rexroth mobile hydraulics team will be on-site in a joint booth with partner HydraForce (Booth S80245), showcasing their current product portfolio. Rafael Cardoso, Bosch Rexroth engineering manager, mobile systems and software, expects to have conversations about advanced control and automation, “focused on the demand for smarter, software-driven control strategies that enhance precision, productivity, downtime reduction and operator assistance features.”
Gehm, Ryan
For any fleet or logistics manager, the specter of a downed Class 8 truck is a constant concern. The costs aren't just in parts and labor; they're in lost productivity, missed deadlines and potential damage to your reputation. While many factors can sideline a heavy-duty vehicle, one of the most persistent and costly culprits is hydraulic system failure. These failures often trace back to a single, preventable issue: contamination.
Lapierre, Luc
This standard provides the following: a The required surface finish criteria for the designed function of the parts b The definition of surface imperfections and defects that affect surface quality c The categories by location for each geometry for the permissible type, size and quantity of defects It also establishes the quantitative levels of acceptance by providing defined limits and inspection guidance for the acceptance or rejection of production parts This specification is applicable but not limited to, the surface quality of: T-Seals L-Rings Capped T Rings Capped L Rings Cammed Type Seals Cruciform Shaped Elastomers Pyramid (Dyna-Bak) Seals Square Ring Seals Quadruple Lobed Seals U-Cups Spring Energized U-Cups Molded in Place Metal Gasket Seals
A-6C2 Seals Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides a procedure for obtaining filter patch test samples from the following types of aerospace non-rotating hydraulic equipment: Mechanical/Hydraulic Units Electro/Hydraulic Units Pneumatic/Hydraulic Units
A-6C1 Fluids and Contamination Control Committee
Agricultural operations in hilly, uneven & slopy terrains demands high levels of operator focus, effort and skill. However, todays farming ecosystem across the globe is affected by 2 major scenarios: the aging workforce in the agricultural sector and the ever-growing problem of distraction due to mobile device and social media use. These issues compromise safety during operations such as start stop maneuvers, parking on slopes, and maneuvering in confined & narrow areas. Stringent emission norms are also being mandated across developed and developing countries as a measure to reduce Global Greenhouse house gas emissions. These measures are indeed necessary for sustainability but has increased overall tractor purchase and operating costs without improving safety & operator comfort. There has been a trend seen around the world in terms of poor sales post Emission implementation. Registration of Older tractors without these stringent emission norms were also witnessed in Developed countries. Hence, there is a need for tangible, value-adding features that provides solutions to 2 of the above-mentioned problems. This paper presents an automation approach using existing hydraulic brake actuation systems — specifically, hydraulic cylinders — to implement Automatic One side Braking which has been a long-time issue of Agricultural farmers of Compact & Utility segment. These segments traditionally lack automation as Cost has always been an important factor in this segment. Hill Hold, E-Parking Brake are the other proposed solutions require minimal changes to conventional braking hardware while adding electronic control logic to reduce operator workload, improve productivity, and enhance safety. The implementation is discussed for conventional internal combustion engine tractors in traditional power train, Hydrostatic & power shuttle transmission models.
M, RojerT, GanesanP, VelusamyNatarajan, SaravananV, Mathankumartripathi, ShankarNarni, KiranHaldorai, RajanDevakumar, Kiran
The high-pressure steering hose in a hydraulic steering system carries pressurized hydraulic fluid from the power steering pump to the steering gear (or steering rack). Its main function is to transmit the force generated by the pump so that the hydraulic pressure assists the driver in turning the wheels more easily. The high-pressure hydraulic pipeline in the power steering system is a vital component for ensuring optimal performance. During warranty analysis, leakage incidents were observed at the customer end within the warranty period. The primary factors contributing to these failures include pipe material thickness, material composition, mechanical properties, and engine-induced vibrations. This study investigates fatigue-related failures through detailed material characterization and Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) based on real world usage road load data collected. The objective is to identify the root causes by examining the influence of varying pipe thickness on fatigue life. The investigation discovered that crack initiation predominantly occurred on the concave side of bent pipe sections, specifically on the engine-side high-pressure steering line, which is connected to the power steering pump mounted on the engine. Fracture surfaces exhibited characteristics consistent with fatigue failure, with crack propagation primarily oriented longitudinally along the pipe. The highest tangential stresses were observed on the out word, resulting from the combined effects of internal hydraulic pressure and vibrational loads. Fatigue cracks originated from the inner surface and propagated outward under cyclic stresses induced by pressure fluctuations and engine vibrations during vehicle operation on the road. Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) simulations indicated that the failure mechanism was primarily attributable to an incorrect material thickness selection during the development phase. Modifications to the pipe design, including increased material thickness, were implemented, leading to improved performance in subsequent testing. The high-pressure hydraulic pipeline exhibits decreased failure rates and improved reliability and durability following the implementation of the revised design.
Survade, LalitKoulage, Dasharath BaliramBiswas, Kaushik
To develop a Test Method & Procedure for validating the Tractor clutch system performance & Wear simulation endurance test. Tractor clutch wear simulation test conducted along with transmission by operating clutch in different modes as per RWUP operation. In this test we can validate clutch field failures in short time with improved test accuracy at lab. In one of M&M technology project, Transmission Wet clutch system for higher HP tractors where we don’t have any dedicated test rig/methodology for validating Clutch wear & related failure simulation at lab
D, YashwanthRaja, RUdayakumar, SM, JeevaharanVijayakumar, Narayanan
In driving, steering serves as the input mechanism to control the vehicle's direction. The driver adjusts the steering input to guide the vehicle along the desired path. During manoeuvres such as parking or U-turns, the steering wheel is often turned fully from lock to lock and then released. It is expected that the steering wheel quickly returns to its original position. Steering returnability is defined as the ratio of the difference between the steering wheel position at lock to lock and the steering wheel angle after 3 seconds of release, to the steering wheel angle at the lock position, under steady-state cornering conditions at 10 km/h. Industry standards dictate that the steering system should achieve 75% returnability under these conditions within 3 seconds. Achieving proper steering returnability characteristics is a critical aspect of vehicle design. Vehicles equipped with Electric Power-Assisted Steering (EPS) systems can more easily meet returnability targets since the electric motor in EPS can apply torque in the opposite direction, helping the steering wheel return to its neutral position after the driver releases it. However, SUVs, due to their higher axle weights and greater steering effort requirements, necessitate a high assist force. Meeting these demands with EPS often requires a larger motor, which poses packaging challenges. Consequently, most large SUVs utilize hydraulic-assisted power steering systems, which employ a hydraulic pump and fluid lines to assist the steering mechanism. However, hydraulic systems can only deliver torque in one direction, and they are generally more complex and less efficient compared to EPS. In this paper, we present a novel methodology to analyse and improve steering returnability performance. This approach includes mathematical modelling, Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) simulations, friction analysis, and targeted design modifications. The proposed methodology is validated through physical testing at the vehicle level to ensure compliance with returnability targets
Singh, Ram Krishnanahire, ManojJAIN, PRIYAVellandi, VikramanSUNDARAM, RAGHUPATHIPaua, Ketan
The Container trailers are used worldwide to transport goods & materials especially e-commerce applications with valuable materials. These container trailers are presently locked with a mechanical locking system and often broken and unlocked by unauthorized people. During transportation time, the driver stops the vehicle for natural calls, food or any other breakdown, the attempt is made to steal the materials. Many cases were known only after damages are done. It has become a serious issue nowadays in the transportation industry. To avoid these problems, we have designed and developed a system that operates pneumatically with digital locking control. The system is designed to ensure proper safety by rigid mechanical locking. It is actuated by a pneumatic system consisting of Directional control valve & pneumatic cylinders. The lock and unlock inputs are given through digitally and the digital controller provides the appropriate input to solenoid operated direction control valve. Based on the position of Direction control valves, the pneumatic cylinders lock or unlock the mechanical locking system. The safety system is integrated along with the digital pin locking. The system is designed with the concept of fool-proof and fail-safe. In the event of no Pneumatic or electrical supply failure, the system remains in lock condition only. Except the authorized person, others cannot open the containers without the authorization pin. Also, the system provides a technologically improved version of the safety locking system like geo-fencing. We can lock and unlock the container with geological identity. The safety locking system improves confidence among the transporters and ensures safety at the highest level.
kumaran, Rajasekar
Aiming at the common health performance influencing factors of the aircraft’s main landing gear retracting hydraulic system, based on its hydraulic structure, the landing gear retracting control AMESim hydraulic system model is established to carry out the study of the typical faults of the aircraft landing gear retracting hydraulic system, such as injection of the hydraulic pump internal leakage, hydraulic oil contamination, and leakage of the actuator cylinder. The curve diagrams of the simulation results are analyzed, and the conclusions of the influence of typical faults on the boundary conditions on the pressure and flow of the hydraulic system are drawn. The results of the simulation are analyzed, and the effect of typical fault boundary conditions on the pressure and flow of the hydraulic system is concluded, which provides a reference for the study of parameter optimization, fault analysis, and health management of the landing gear in engineering applications.
Yu, YahuiCui, Wenhao
The following list consists of hose data provided as of December 2025 and is for convenience in determining acceptability of nonmetallic flexible hose assemblies intended for usage under 46 CFR Part 56.60-25. Where the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) or type of fitting is not specified, use the manufacturer’s recommended MAWP or type of fitting. This list has been compiled by SAE staff from information provided by the manufacturers whose product listings appear in this document. Manufacturers wishing to list their products in this document shall: a Successfully test their hose to the requirements of SAE J1942, Table 1. b Submit a letter of certification to the SAE J1942 test requirements for each specific type of hose tested (see sample table, Table 1) along with the test results. All sizes should be included in the same letter, which must also include all of the information necessary to make an SAE J1942-1 listing. c SAE will review the letter and may, at their discretion, request to see further test results. A copy of the submittal letter marked “Accepted for Listing” will be returned to the applicant upon approval. d The cutoff date for inclusion of a hose listing in the annual SAE Handbook is September 30 of the preceding year. However, listed hoses may be used on vessels as soon as the “Accepted for Listing” letter is issued by SAE.
Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
This supplement forms a part of AS1975, Hose Assembly, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Para-Aramid Reinforced, 3000/4000 psi, 275 °F, Standard Duty, Hydraulic, Aircraft Systems and shall be used to identify hose assembly standards citing this procurement specification.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
This supplement forms a part of the Aerospace Standard AS1339, Hose Assembly, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Metallic Reinforced, 3000 PSI, 400 °F, Lightweight, Hydraulic and Pneumatic, and shall be used to identify hose assembly standards citing this procurement specification.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Komatsu has launched a new excavator, the PC220LCi-12, that features its latest intelligent machine control technology. IMC 3.0 incorporates automation enhancements and a reported “construction-industry first” technology - factory-integrated 3D boundary control - designed to boost operator productivity. The intelligent machine, displayed previously at Bauma 2025 in Munich, Germany, has many of the same features as the new PC220LC-12 excavator, including a cab that is 28% larger, with 30% more legroom and 50% improved visibility compared to the PC210LC-11 model. Other advantages the new machines offer are up to a 20% increase in fuel efficiency thanks to a new electrohydraulic system and 129-kW (173-hp) next-generation engine, and up to a 20% reduction in maintenance costs due to longer replacement intervals for hydraulic oil and oil filters and longer cleaning intervals for the particulate filter.
Gehm, Ryan
Custom electrohydraulic solutions can address unique demands not satisfied by standard components. As mobile equipment is pushed to perform in increasingly demanding and challenging environments - ranging from frozen construction sites to harsh marine applications - some OEMs are discovering that customized solutions can provide significant advantages. Standard electronic controls and hydraulic components are carefully engineered to meet the requirements of a broad range of typical applications. For many OEMs, these components provide a dependable and cost-effective foundation, especially in environments and duties that don't push operational boundaries.
Cooper, Robin
This AIR provides information about the specific requirements for missile hydraulic pumps and their associated power sources.
A-6C4 Power Sources Committee
This paper presents an analysis methodology developed to comprehend the impact of pressure spikes in off-highway applications, particularly during PTO (Power Take-Off) clutch engagement. These pressure spikes can adversely affect hydraulic subsystem components such as seals, gaskets, and valve operations. Assessing hydraulic system performance through physical trials can be cumbersome, resulting in longer development times and increased costs. To address this, a methodology was developed in a virtual environment to evaluate hydraulic system performance. The virtual method outlined in this paper is created in a 1D environment using a simulation methodology to replicate the transient behavior of the dynamic system. The hydraulic system primarily includes a relief valve, solenoid valves, a pump, and a clutch. An analytical model was developed for the hydraulic system components with appropriate fidelity to accurately replicate the transient behavior and magnitudes of pressure spikes. This methodology has been validated by instrumenting the vehicle, yielding a strong correlation of over 90% with the acquired data. The correlated analytical model was then leveraged to conduct a Design of Experiments (DOE) on various subsystem components, including accumulators, orifices, and engagement rates, to analyze their effects on hydraulic system pressure spikes. This methodology has facilitated the development of an analytical workflow to optimize the system early in the product development cycle.
Memane, NileshKumar, SuneelVeerkar, Vikrant
The knuckle boom loader machine experiences a significant issue where rapidly retracting the joystick to the neutral (0) position causes the machine’s legs to lift momentarily. This unintended momentarily lifting occurs when the joystick is moved back quickly, while gradual movements do not trigger this effect. Addressing this problem is crucial for operational efficiency. The primary objective of this project is to develop a machine learning model to predict jerk based on joystick movements. This prediction will aid in creating a model predictive controller (MPC) that suggests optimal joystick positions, thereby reducing unintended lifting. To simulate the knuckle boom loader’s response to joystick inputs, a high-fidelity Simulink model developed using Simscape Multibody was utilized. Data were collected through a Design of Experiments (DOE), logging key parameters such as head side pressure, jerk, jerk rate, and lift levels across various joystick positions. The input features for the machine learning model included time, joystick position, and delta position (the change in position). The developed machine learning model effectively predicts jerk based on joystick input patterns, achieving an R2 score of 0.98. This model leverages detailed data captured from the Simulink model to provide valuable insights into the operational behavior of the knuckle boom loader. This predictive model will inform the MPC, guiding optimal joystick movements to prevent unintended momentarily lifting. In future developments, the predicted jerk from the machine learning model will serve as input for the MPC, suggesting the most effective joystick movements to minimize both lift and jerk. This advancement is expected to significantly improve operator discomfort and efficiency in the operation of knuckle boom loaders.
Kamaraj, Keerthi VallarasuBayyavarapu, ChanduGotmare, AkashPandey, Prashant
A futuristic vehicle chassis rendered in precise detail using state-of-the-art CAD software like Blender, Autodesk Alias. The chassis itself is sleek, low-slung, and aerodynamic, constructed from advanced materials such as high-strength alloys or carbon-fibre composites. Its polished, brushed-metal finish not only exudes performance but also emphasizes the refined form and engineered details. Underneath this visually captivating structure, a sophisticated system of self-hydraulic jacks is seamlessly integrated. These jacks are situated adjacent to the four shock absorber mounts. These jacks are designed to lift the chassis specifically at the tyre areas, and the total vehicle, ensuring that underbody maintenance is efficient and that, in critical situations, vital adjustments or emergency lifts can be performed quickly and safely. The design also incorporates an intuitive control system where the necessary buttons are strategically placed to optimize driver convenience. Whether positioned alongside the steering wheel for immediate reach, integrated near the infotainment display for multifunctional control, or mounted within the driver's side door for easy access, these controls underscore a blend of technology and practicality.
Gogula, Venkateswarlu
Agricultural tractors require self-cleaning and cooling technology, especially in hot and dusty environments. This study introduces a novel reversible fan system designed which is incorporating a manually operated lever-type connection mechanism as an alternative to conventional pneumatic systems. Traditional reversible fans often rely on pneumatic actuators for blade rotation control, which can introduce complexity, maintenance challenges, and energy inefficiency. The proposed design replaces pneumatic components with a mechanically optimized lever linkage system, enabling users to manually reverse the fan’s airflow direction with minimal effort. This innovation enhances operational simplicity, reduces dependency on compressed air systems, and low costs as compared to conventional type reversible fan. The lever mechanism, engineered for ergonomic usability, ensures rapid switching between sucker and pusher modes, optimizing the fan’s utility in applications such as dust removal, ventilation, and thermal regulation. Experimental results demonstrate comparable efficiency to pneumatic systems in airflow reversal, with added benefits of improved durability and energy savings. This work highlights the feasibility of manual mechanical solutions in sustainable engineering, offering a cost-effective, user-friendly, and eco-friendly alternative for industrial and domestic environments. The design’s scalability and adaptability suggest broad applicability in settings where reliability and resource efficiency are prioritized.
Debbarma, RespectParwal, MahendraBaghel, Anand
Internal combustion (IC) engines experience several parasitic losses at the vehicle level, including those from cooling fans, hydraulic pumps, air compressors, and alternators. These losses limit the available output power for various applications. By replacing a conventional mechanical or hydraulic fan—typically driven by the engine crankshaft or hydraulic motor—with an electrically operated fan, engine frictional losses (fan drag) can be reduced, resulting in a gain in power. The fuel conserved due to the absence of fan drag contributes to usable power for applications. Mechanical fans operate at a fixed drive ratio that is directly proportional to engine speed, while hydraulic fans rely on a hydraulic motor, drawing power from the engine's alternator. In contrast, electric fans can run at constant speeds, independent of engine RPM, providing higher airflow at maximum torque speeds, which mechanical fans cannot achieve. The cooling performance of the engine remains uncompromised, as the electric fan can be strategically positioned in the optimal airflow zone through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Unlike mechanical fans, which operate in a single direction, both hydraulic and electric fans can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. Electric fans have the added advantage of functioning with reverse polarity in the electrical circuit. This capability allows them to act as blowers, helping to keep heat exchange cores clear of debris during dusty applications for the construction machines on the site, which can restrict airflow when using a conventional puller-type fan. The replacement of electric fans resulted in a significant power saving which resulted in lesser load on hydraulic oil cooler in the case of hydraulic fan.
Dewangan, NitinKattula, NitinKamal, Ankit
This specification covers a fluorosilicone (FVMQ) rubber in the form of molded rings.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
This specification covers an acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber in the form of molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Automatic unloading vehicles are the most commonly used transportation tools in engineering, with characteristics such as high load capacity, strong adaptability and flexibility. However, the cargo hopper of the automatic unloading vehicle after unloading is prone to many safety hazards due to the driver’s negligence. This paper takes the lead in selecting the type of the dump truck system. On this basis, the mechanical model of the cargo hopper is established. Through the improvement of the hydraulic system and image recognition, combined with speed detection, a set of safety system is designed by using Matlab and Multisim software, and a series of simulations and tests are carried out. The test data are fitted to obtain the final system scheme. It is of great significance for reducing potential safety hazards in practical engineering.
Yu, YitingCong, ShihanLuo, ZheZheng, WenwuLiu, Mingrui
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for heavy-duty polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lined, metallic reinforced, hose assemblies suitable for use in 400 °F, 3000 psi aircraft hydraulic systems. Assemblies are suitable where rapid rate pressure pulsing and torsional/ longitudinal flexing may occur, in addition to normal hydraulic system loads.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers procedures or methods to be used for fabricating, handling, testing, and installation of oxygen lines in an aircraft oxygen system.
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
Pin-on-disk tribometers are used to determine the frictional behaviour and boundary layer dynamics of material pairings. Material pairings are examined under defined conditions in order to reason about the friction behaviour and wear. Pairings for real brake systems with larger pad sizes can be tested on flywheel mass test rigs in order to provide proof of suitability. This is mainly due to a lack of knowledge about the scaling behaviour of friction linings. The Department of Machinery System Design at TU Berlin has combined the classic approach of a pin-on-disk tribometer with a flywheel mass test rig (up to 12.78 kgm2) and thus set up a laboratory brake on which material pairings with different pad shapes and sizes (up to 48 cm2) can be examined. The flywheel mass test rig consists of an adjustable DC-motor that drives a shaft on which variable flywheel masses and brake disks can be installed. The variability allows for different kinetic energies at different friction speeds. The test stand also has a linear table on which the pad sample holder sits. The specified braking force is generated by a hydraulic cylinder. The normal force is applied to the friction lining sample by means of a force expansion and distribution unit. This expansion ensures a uniform contact force over the entire pad surface, which has been designed with FEM simulations and proven with pressure measurement film. Different force expansions are possible for different pad geometries. During the tests, the torque, the forces in the normal and tangential directions, the temperature of the brake disk and lining sample as well as the speed are recorded using NI measuring cards and corresponding sensors. Furthermore, the lining sample can be moved with the linear table to a topography measuring unit including a camera system. By using the linear table and a laser distance sensor mounted on a linear motor, the topography of the lining sample is recorded and images can also be taken. This flexible setup allows to record the topography between individual braking operations without the need for long changeover times. The laboratory brake can be used to investigate the influence of brake force distribution on the friction process. Topographical changes can be observed in situ in between braking operations. The test rig has already been used in an initial series of tests and the first results of a running-in process of a material pairing consisting of a gray cast iron disk and an organic friction lining for truck brakes are shown.
Heuser, Robert MichaelRosenthal, Tobias RichardWiest, Daniel ChristianMeyer, Henning Jürgen
This ARP provides definitions and background information regarding the physical performance and testing of DDVs. This ARP also provides extensive guidance for the preparation of procurement specifications and functional testing.
A-6B1 Hydraulic Servo Actuation Committee
This SAE Standard specifies uniform methods for the testing of threadless connections for hydraulic fluid power applications. These connections are intended for general application and hydraulic systems on industrial equipment and commercial products. These connections shall be capable of providing leakproof connections in hydraulic systems operating from 95 kPa vacuum to working pressures specified by the manufacturer. Since many factors influence the pressure at which a hydraulic system will or will not perform satisfactorily, it is recommended that sufficient testing be conducted and reviewed by both the user and manufacturer to ensure that required performance levels are met.
Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines a series of standardized tube walls to be used for high pressure hydraulic tubing. These tube walls are applicable to all homogenous tube materials (i.e., aluminum, steel, titanium) throughout a rated pressure range of 1000 to 8000 psi and a maximum rated operating temperature range of 160 to 450 °F. All future aerospace applications for which a required tube outside diameter/tube wall combination is not presently available shall be selected from the table contained herein (see Figure 1).
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Rolling bearings with optimized friction and performance characteristics can have a significant influence on reducing the power loss, design envelope and weight of hydraulic motors and pumps, gearboxes and axles in construction machinery. If correctly designed, rolling bearings can make a significant contribution to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Most construction machinery is still operated conventionally, using diesel engines and hydraulic components. In the widely used adjustable axial piston pumps and motors, the input and output shaft are usually supported by two tapered roller bearings that are adjusted against each other. When designing the bearing support, it is advisable to reduce the preload to precisely the required minimum allowed by the load spectrum. The lower bearing preload leads to permanently lower axial forces between the tapered roller end face and inner ring rib and, therefore, to a corresponding reduction in frictional torque.
Scharting, Stefan
This Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) heavy duty hose assemblies suitable for use in aircraft and missile hydraulic fluid systems service to 8000 psi and -65 to 400 °F. Gaseous service shall be limited to 150 °F.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
This standard establishes the dimensional and visual quality requirements, lot requirements, and packaging and labeling requirements for O-rings molded from AMS7274 rubber. It shall be used for procurement purposes.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for loop-type clamps primarily intended for general clamping of tubing for aircraft hydraulic systems.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
A DRL (deep reinforcement learning) algorithm, DDPG (deep deterministic policy gradient), is proposed to address the problems of slow response speed and nonlinear feature of electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA), a new type of actuation method for active suspension. The model-free RL (reinforcement learning) and the flexibility of optimizing general reward functions are combined with the ability of neural networks to deal with complex temporal problems through the introduction of a new framework called “actor-critic”. A EHA active suspension model is developed and incorporated into a 7-degrees-of-freedom dynamics model of the vehicle, with a reward function consisting of the vehicle dynamics parameters and the EHA pump–valve control signals. The simulation results show that the strategy proposed in this article can be highly adapted to the nonlinear hydraulic system. Compared with iLQR (iterative linear quadratic regulator), DDPG controller exhibits better control performance, achieves the EHA control objective at faster speed, and notably improves the ride comfort and handling stability of the car. Moreover, DDPG’s optimized valve–pump joint control strategy can reduce the energy consumption of the EHA system and improve the life of the hydraulic components while ensuring the control accuracy, solving the problem of low reliability of the active suspension system.
Wang, JiaweiGuo, HuiruDeng, Xiaohe
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for 24° cone flareless fluid connection fittings and nuts and bite type flareless sleeves (see Section 6) for use in aircraft fluid systems at an operating pressure of 5000 psi for the fittings and nuts and 3000 psi for the bite type sleeves.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
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