Browse Topic: Vehicle drive systems
Design validation plays a crucial role in the overall cost and time allocation for product development. This is especially evident in high-value manufacturing sectors like commercial vehicle electric drive systems or e-axles, where the expenses related to sample procurement, testing complexity, and diverse requirements are significant. Validation methodologies are continuously evolving to encompass new technologies, yet they must be rigorously evaluated to identify potential efficiencies and enhance the overall value of validation tests. Simulation tools have made substantial advancements and are now widely utilized in the development phase. The integration of simulation-based or simulation-supported validation processes can streamline testing timelines and sample quantities, all the while upholding quality standards and minimizing risks when compared to traditional methods. This study examines various scenarios where the implementation of advanced techniques has led to a reduction in
In highly populated countries two-wheelers are the most convenient mode of transportation. But at the same time, these vehicles consume more fuel and produces emissions in urban driving. This work is aimed at developing a hybrid two-wheeler for reducing fuel consumption and emissions by incorporating electric vehicle technology in a conventional two-wheeler. The hybrid electric scooter (HES) made consisted of an electric hub motor in the front wheel as the prime mover for the electrical system. The powertrain of the HES was built using a parallel hybrid structure. The electric system is engaged during startup, low speeds, and idling, with a simple switch facilitating the transition between electric and fuel systems. The HES was fabricated and tested through trial runs in various operating modes. Before conversion to a hybrid system, the two-wheeler achieved a mileage of 34 km/liter. After conversion, the combined power sources resulted in an overall mileage of 55 km. It was observed
This project presents the development of an advanced Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR) designed to autonomously lift and maneuver four-wheel drive vehicles into parking spaces without human intervention. By leveraging cutting-edge camera and sensor technologies, the AMR integrates LIDAR for precise distance measurements and obstacle detection, high-resolution cameras for capturing detailed images of the parking environment, and object recognition algorithms for accurately identifying and selecting available parking spaces. These integrated technologies enable the AMR to navigate complex parking lots, optimize space utilization, and provide seamless automated parking. The AMR autonomously detects free parking spaces, lifts the vehicle, and parks it with high precision, making the entire parking process autonomous and highly efficient. This project pushes the boundaries of autonomous vehicle technology, aiming to contribute significantly to smarter and more efficient urban mobility systems
ABSTRACT Teleoperated ground vehicles are an integral part of the U.S. Army and Marine Corps long range vision and a key transition technology for fully autonomous vehicles. However, the combination of marginally-stable vehicle dynamics and limited perception are a key challenge facing teleoperation of such platforms at higher speeds. New technologies for enhancing operator perception and automatically detecting and mitigating rollover risk are needed to realize sufficient safety and performance in these applications. This paper presents three rollover mitigation concepts for high speed teleoperation of heavy tactical vehicles, including model-predictive warning, negative obstacle avoidance, and reactive brake controls. A modeling and simulation approach was used to evaluate these concepts within the Autonomous Navigation Virtual Environment Laboratory (ANVEL). Vehicle models for both the M1078 cargo truck and RG-31 MRAP were used throughout concept evaluation over terrain ranging from
ABSTRACT Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in partnership with Ker-Train Research Inc. is developing an advanced Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV) power take-off (PTO) drive system to improve fan drive efficiency and increase on-board electrical power generation. This presentation provides information on the integration methods, advantages of the Ker-Train drives and electronic controls, and future plans for this TARDEC project. Fan drive, PTO Generator drive and Accessory Alternator drive system information, hardware design and controls are presented. Plans for testing at SwRI are also discussed
ABSTRACT Future Military ground vehicle power trains can benefit from a hybrid-electric drive approach, particularly in packaging flexibility where drive train components can be modular and conveniently distributed. Small component size and operation with high-temperature liquid coolant are essential factors in the flexible packaging concept. This paper describes the development of one component, a 220 kW traction motor drive for a hybrid-electric power train. Challenging requirements for the motor-drive include power densities of at least 25 kW/liter and 15 kW/kg at 105°C coolant temperature. To achieve these densities, power modules capable of high-temperature operation were developed using SiC normally-off JFETs. This paper will discuss the unique custom packaging of the SiC JFET devices, as well as the arrangement of key components/packaging and thermal management issues
ABSTRACT L-3 Combat Propulsion Systems (L-3CPS) and Kinetics Drive Solutions (Kinetics) have teamed together to present this paper that discusses infinitely variable transmission technologies with high gear ratio & efficient steering systems for cross-drive transmissions across a family of combat vehicles. Traditionally, cross-drive transmissions for tracked vehicles are very rigid systems, which are tailored for a specific application or vehicle weight class. This becomes a problem throughout the vehicle’s lifecycle, as vehicle weights continue to grow when armor and other systems are added to protect and support the war-fighter. Increased weight leads to degraded vehicle mobility performance. To regain the vehicle mobility performance more power is needed at the vehicle sprockets. Traditionally this is accomplished by increasing the engine power of the propulsion system, which requires an increased transmission size for higher input and output torques, resulting in increased losses
ABSTRACT There is continued demand for military vehicles to provide increased fuel economy. Recent trends have appropriately turned to the development of duty cycles that better represent the real-life usage of vehicles. The advent of hybrid electric propulsion and power system architectures offer opportunities for reducing fuel consumption and greater power generation flexibility. The challenge is to effectively quantify the predicted performance for the architectures under consideration using tools that are applicable to shorter development schedules. This paper discusses the importance of using multidomain physics-based computer simulations to perform the fuel consumption analyses. The models used include mechanical, electrical, magnetic and thermal effects, and their intimate interaction in order to predict the fuel consumption for a tracked vehicle traversing courses at varying speed, up and down hills, and negotiating turns. This paper also compares the fuel consumption
In conventional vehicles the shift strategy has a well-known impact on the system’s efficiency. An appropriate gear choice allows the internal combustion engine (ICE) to operate in efficient operating points (OPs) and thus contributes significantly to a reduced fuel consumption. Further efficiency improvements can be achieved by the hybridization of the powertrain. Due to the two propulsion systems, an additional degree of freedom arises, that requires an energy management strategy (EMS). The EMS controls the split of the requested power between the electric machine (EM) and the ICE. Accordingly, the system’s overall efficiency in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is highly influenced by the quality of the EMS. This paper proposes to adapt an existing method for deriving fuel-optimal rule-based EMS by including the shift strategy for parallel HEVs. It is shown that fuel-optimal control can be achieved. The analytically derived look-up tables can be used to automatically calibrate in
This SAE Standard is applicable to snowmobiles as defined in SAE J33
Continuing its rollout of EVs, Cadillac revealed the 2025 Optiq SUV, the company's most affordable EV yet and a smaller sibling to the popular Lyriq that was introduced last year. With a company-estimated range of 300 miles (482 km), the Optiq comes standard with dual-motor AWD, three years of Super Cruise hands-free driving, and what Cadillac officials say is segment-best cargo capacity and second-row space
Toyota, Mazda and Subaru announced a new technological effort to create new internal combustion engines and ways to use them in the electrification era, specifically for hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles. The companies said at a joint press conference in Japan that they would encourage increased use of petroleum alternatives like biofuels and eFuels in their effort to create carbon-neutral vehicles. A joint statement from the three OEMs claims this push for new and better ICEs comes with a focus on “carbon as the enemy” as they develop engines that can better work with electric motors, batteries, and other electric drive units. Toyota, Mazda and Subaru made clear they are not getting rid of EV-only vehicle plans. Here's how each company will approach the new ICE+EV era (quotes provided in English by on-site interpreters
Encapsulations of E-drive systems are gaining importance in electric mobility, since they are a simple measure to improve the noise behavior of the drive. Current experimental evaluation methods, however, pose substantial challenges for the test personnel and are associated with considerable effort in both time and cost. Evaluating the encapsulation on an e-drive test bed, for example, requires a functional e-drive and test bed resources. Evaluations in the vehicle on the other hand make objective assessments difficult and are subject to increasingly limited availability of prototype vehicles fit for NVH testing. To overcome these challenges, AVL has developed a new experimental evaluation method for the NVH efficiency of e-drive encapsulations. In this method, the e-drive is freely suspended in a semi-anechoic chamber and its structure is excited using shakers while the radiated noise with and without encapsulation is measured. The NVH efficiency of the encapsulation is evaluated by
This document seeks to classify all-wheel drive (AWD) architectures primarily based on the installed hardware and does not consider the implementation of the controls and software. For example, a power transfer unit (PTU) may be equipped with a clutch that is capable of torque management, but the control implementation only uses it for disconnection functions without torque management. In this SAE Recommended Practice, attention will be given to passenger cars and light trucks (through Class III). The definitions presented herein may also be applicable to heavy trucks (Class 4 through 8) and off-highway applications using more than two axles but are primarily focused on passenger cars and light trucks
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