Browse Topic: Seats and seating

Items (1,708)
Vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS) may have non-traditional seating configurations, such as rear-facing for front-row occupants. The objectives of this study are (1) to generate biomechanical corridors from kinematic data obtained from postmortem human subjects (PMHS) sled tests and (2) to assess the biofidelity of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) 50th male (M50-O) v6.0 seated in an upright (25-deg recline) Honda Accord seat with a fixed D-ring (FDR) in a 56 km/h rear-facing frontal impact. A phase optimization technique was applied to mass-normalized PMHS data for generating corridors. After replicating the experimental boundary conditions in the computational finite element (FE) environment, the performance of the rigidized FE seat model obtained was validated using LSTC Hybrid III FE model simulations and comparison with experiments. The most recent National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Biofidelity Ranking System (BRS) method was
Pradhan, VikramRamachandra, RakshitStammen, JasonKracht, CoreyMoorhouse, KevinBolte, John H.Kang, Yun-Seok
With the advancement of lightweight magnesium-based hybrid composites, are potential for weight management applications. The liquid state stir cast process is the best way to produce complex shapes and most industries are preferred. However, the melting of magnesium alloy and achieving homogenous particle distribution are the major challenges for the conventional stir-casting process, and hot crack formation is spotted due to thermal variations. The main objectives of the present research are to enhance the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of magnesium alloy hybrid nanocomposite (AZ91E) adopted with boron carbide (B4C) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles through a semisolid stir cast technique associated with inert atmosphere helps to limits the oxide formation and reduce risk of magnesium fire. The effect of composite processing and multiple reinforcements on surface morphology, tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness were thoroughly evaluated and compared. The results
Manivannan, S.Venkatesh, R.Kaliyaperumal, GopalKarthikeyan, S.Mohanavel, VinayagamSoudagar, Manzoore Elahi MohammadKarthikeyan, N.
This Recommended Practice provides a procedure to locate driver seat tracks, establish seat track length, and define the SgRP in Class B vehicles (heavy trucks and buses). Three sets of equations that describe where drivers position horizontally adjustable seats are available for use in Class B vehicles depending on the percentages of males to females in the expected driver population (50:50, 75:25, and 90:10 to 95:5). The equations can also be used as a checking tool to estimate the level of accommodation provided by a given length of horizontally adjustable seat track. These procedures are applicable for both the SAE J826 HPM and the SAE J4002 HPM-II
Truck and Bus Human Factors Committee
ABSTRACT The successful fielding of occupant protection technologies require understanding their behavior and performance under field-like conditions. To achieve this, the Occupant Protection Laboratory (OPL) at Selfridge Air National Guard Base (SANGB) uses a drop tower, called the Sub-System Drop Tower (SSDT), and a vertical accelerator, called the Crew Compartment Under-Body Blast Simulator (CCUBS). These two systems have the capability to deliver specified acceleration profiles to items, such as blast-mitigating seats under test. To gain confidence that the two systems are producing similar testing conditions for a given system, a series of experiments was designed to determine the existence of a correlation between the two systems. A representative seat and an Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) were tested under similar acceleration profiles on both systems. Tests were initially conducted without a payload to determine the testing parameters for each system and to determine the
Foster, Craig DRudek, Matthias
ABSTRACT The AirLift is a novel device that enables rapid stabilized extraction of injured personnel from a ground vehicle. When deployed from its pre-installed position as a seat cover, the AirLift rigidizes for stabilizing the occupant’s spine by pressurizing an inflatable panel. After extraction from the vehicle with the occupant stabilized in the seated position, the AirLift can convert to a backboard so that the occupant can be safely transported in the supine position. The inflatable panel was designed and tested to provide stiffness while also being durable and manufacturable at volume. Pressure mapping tests were also performed to demonstrate that the AirLift did not change seat comfort compared to the standard seat. Citation: A. Purekar, G. Hiemenz, P. Gillis, “AirLift: Enabling Blast Protection and Rapid, Stabilized Vehicle Extraction”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 11-13, 2020
Purekar, AshishHiemenz, GregoryGillis, Paula
ABSTRACT A comprehensive analysis of data collected during an evaluation of blast energy–attenuation (EA) seats was conducted to review the performance of commercially available and prototype seat assets. This evaluation included twelve models of seats tested at two separate drop severities with three sizes of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) to develop test methodologies and assess the appropriateness of using injury assessment reference values (IARVs) for all occupant sizes
Bosch, KellyHarris, KatrinaClark, DavidScherer, RisaMelotik, Joseph
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the development of a lightweight, composite floating crew floor designed to withstand the severe loading requirements of an underbody blast. Energy absorbing devices decouple the floor from the surrounding vehicle structure; therefore, in the event of an underbody blast, the impulse is spread out over a longer period of time, thus reducing the loads into the floor where the crew seats are attached. The composite floor development included: characterizing candidate materials for structural and flame/smoke/toxicity characteristics, design optimization of the composite floor geometry, modeling the response of the floor assembly during a simulated underbody blast event, and manufacturing of a physical composite crew floor. Based on this effort, the composite floor was able to meet the structural requirements of the underbody blast event, while reducing weight by more than 55% compared to the baseline aluminum floor. Moreover, due to the significant reduction
Hart, RobertDwyer, BenjaminSmail, AndrewChishti, AmmarErb, DavidLopez-Anido, Roberto
Summary Combat vehicle designers have made great progress in improving crew survivability against large blast mines and improvised explosive devices. Current vehicles are very resistant to hull failure from large blasts, protecting the crew from overpressure and behind armor debris. However, the crew is still vulnerable to shock injuries arising from the blast and its after-effects. One of these injury modes is spinal compression resulting from the shock loading of the crew seat. This can be ameliorated by installing energy-absorbing seats which reduce the intensity of the spinal loading, while spreading it out over a longer time. The key question associated with energy-absorbing seats has to do with the effect of various factors associated with the design on spinal compression and injury. These include the stiffness and stroking distance of the seat’s energy absorption mechanism, the size of the blast, the vehicle shape and mass, and the weight of the seat occupant. All of these
Eridon, James
ABSTRACT Over the last several years all branches of the United States military have experienced an increased number of orthopedic and internal injuries to knees lower back, neck, and digestive system. Additionally the level of severity has also been increasing. Primary cause factors contributing to the overall increase in injuries to US military personnel include the increase in overall individual loads being carried by the individual soldier which at times can approach 150 pounds, higher operations tempo which results in greater exposure to higher levels of impact forces and for a greater duration. The greater impact forces are a result of the poor design of the current bench deployed on United States tactical vehicles, and the brutal nature of the third world transportation networks in Afghanistan and Iraq. This paper documents the engineering approach utilized by AOM Engineering Solutions to achieve the following primary design objectives; improved ergonomic design for injury
Micheli, JohnDonovan, LTC Ken
ABSTRACT Computational models are widely used in the prediction of occupant injury responses and vehicle structural performance of ground vehicles subjected to underbody blasts. Although these physics based computational models incorporate all the material and environment data, the classic models are typically deterministic and do not capture the potential variations in the design, testing and operating parameters. This paper investigates the effect of one such variation in physical tests, namely, variations in the position of occupant setup on the occupant injury responses. To study the effects of occupant position, a series of vertical drop tower tests were performed in a controlled setup. A vertical drop tower test involves an Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) dummy positioned on a seat and the setup is dropped on an energy attenuating surface, thus producing a desired shock pulse on the seat structure. The experimental data was analyzed for sensitivity of occupant position and ATD
Ramalingam, JaisankarPrall, Nancy
ABSTRACT Through Army SBIR funding, NanoSonic has created and empirically optimized viscoelastic HybridSil polyurethane siloxane seat cushions that provide improved pressure distribution and Multi-Axial Simulation Table (MAST) vibration dampening over currently employed Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) seat cushions. The foundation of this effort was the synthesis of novel polyurethane siloxane foams and the correlation of their copolymer composition and crosslinking density with vibrational damping, pressure distribution mapping, and mechanical properties. ASTM D 3574 mechanical testing indicates HybridSil seat cushions maintain dimensional stability after extended fatigue testing. H-point testing completed in accordance with FMVSS-202A indicates NanoSonic’s seat cushions afford comparable positional values to the current employed seat cushions and thus have direct integration potential. Citation: V. Baranauskas, H. Hutchinson, G. Litrichin, “High Performance Hybridsil Seat Cushions
Baranauskas, VinceHutchinson, McKenzieLitrichin, Gale
ABSTRACT The inclusion of energy-absorbing (EA) seats in combat vehicles has been shown to greatly reduce the likelihood of upper-body injuries during mine blast events. A drop tower is one of the common low-cost methods of testing an energy-absorbing seat to determine the vehicle acceleration and associated level of blast that it can protect against. However, the lack of a standard drop tower test procedure for mine blast purposes means that different facilities perform tests and analyze and report results in an inconsistent manner. As a consequence, the reported performance of any given seat tested in a drop tower may not accurately reflect the degree to which it would protect a soldier during an actual blast event. This paper describes the nature of the problems associated with current drop tower testing, and proposes a solution to eliminate much of the ambiguity surrounding test results. We will describe proposed test and analysis methods that can lead to a more accurate and
Eridon, JamesCory, Josh
This study compared modern vehicle and booster geometries with relevant child anthropometries. Vehicle geometries (seat length, seat pan height, shoulder belt outlet height, and roof height) were obtained for 275 center and outboard rear seating positions of US vehicles (MY 2009–2022). Measurements of 85 US boosters (pan height and pan length) and anthropometries of 80 US children between 4–14yo (seated height, thigh length, leg length, and seated shoulder height) were also collected. Comparisons were made between vehicles, boosters, and child anthropometries. Average vehicle seat lengths exceeded child thigh lengths (+9.5cm). Only 16.4% of seating positions had seat lengths less than the child thigh length mean+1SD. Even for children at least 145cm, only 18.8% had thigh lengths greater than the average vehicle seat length. Child thigh lengths were more comparable with average booster seat pan lengths for all multi-mode and high-back designs (-2.0cm) and low-back boosters (+3.1cm). The
Baker, Gretchen H.Connell, Rosalie R.Rhodes, Carrie A.Mansfield, Julie A.
This SAE Standard provides a test method, an evaluation method, and a performance criterion for shock-absorbing characteristics of a general foam-type snowmobile seat. This SAE Standard applies to seats that are similar in design, dimensions, construction, and/or intended usage as described and illustrated in SAE J33
Snowmobile Technical Committee
Some challenges, such as reworking airbags to meet all seating scenarios, will be solved by the OEM as the final system integrator. Rearward-facing front seats have generally been limited to concept cars that explore a far-away world in which SAE Level 5 autonomous driving has been perfected. Magna has rewritten that playbook, winning a contract with a Chinese OEM for a reconfigurable seating system that includes fully rotating front seats on long rails, creating an unusually flexible cabin. Currently configured for vehicles with two rows of seating, the system features power-swivel seats along rails or tracks nearly two meters (6.6 ft) long. The front passenger and driver seats can rotate 270 degrees
Clonts, Chris
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides a framework for establishing methods and stakeholder responsibilities to ensure that seats with integrated electronic components (e.g., actuation system, reading light, inflatable restraint, in-flight entertainment equipment, etc.) meet the seat technical standard order (TSO) minimum performance standards (MPS). These agreements will allow seat suppliers to build and ship TSO-approved seats with integrated electronic components. The document presents the roles and accountabilities of the electronics manufacturer (EM), the seat supplier, and the TC/ATC/STC applicant/holder in the context of AC 21-49, Section 7.b (“Type Certification Using TSO-Approved Seat with Electronic Components Defined in TSO Design”). This document applies to all FAA seat TSOs C39( ), C127( ), etc. The document defines the roles and responsibilities of each party involved in the procurement of electronics, their integration on a TSO-approved seat, and the
Aircraft Seat Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines means to assess the effect of changes to seat back mounted IFE monitors on blunt trauma to the head and post-impact sharp edges. The assessment methods described may be used for evaluation of changes to seat back monitor delethalization (blunt trauma and post-test sharp edges) and head injury criterion (HIC) attributes (refer to ARP6448, Appendix A, Item 4). Application is focused on type A-T (transport airplane) certified seat installations
Aircraft Seat Committee
This document provides background information, rationale, and data (both physical testing and computer simulations) used in defining the component test methods and similarity criteria described in SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 6330. ARP6330 defines multiple test methods used to assess the effect of seat back mounted IFE monitor changes on blunt trauma to the head and post-impact sharp edge generation. The data generated is based on seat and IFE components installed on type A-T (transport airplane) certified aircraft. While not within the scope of ARP6330, generated test data for the possible future development of surrogate target evaluation methods is also included
Aircraft Seat Committee
Dynamic substructuring enables the dynamic behavior analysis of intricate systems. In this context, the precise description of individual subsystem interfaces is crucial. Coupling components through virtual points is suitable, especially when it comes to experimental substructuring. The complex contact situations that arise from joint descriptions in thin-walled structures, like those found in vehicle seats, present a challenging task. This investigation aims to visualize the complex coupling of thin-walled structures by applying the virtual point transformation. Individual subsystems are analyzed through experiments and coupled using the Lagrange multiplier frequency-based substructuring to achieve this goal. For validation purposes, a completely assembled vehicle seat has been investigated. Identification of the connecting elements between the substructures is achieved using decoupling techniques. As a result, the stiffness of the sleeve can be determined through various approaches
Wagner, PhilippLanger, PatrickMäder, MarcusMarburg, Steffen
This practice presents methods for establishing the driver workspace. Methods are presented for: Establishing accelerator reference points, including the equation for calculating the shoe plane angle. Locating the SgRP as a function of seat height (H30). Establishing seat track dimensions using the seating accommodation model. Establishing a steering wheel position. Application of this document is limited to Class-A Vehicles (Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, and Light Trucks) as defined in SAE J1100
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Designing an automotive seat, it is required to perform a detailed study of anthropometry, which deals with measurement of human individuals and understanding human physical variations. It also requires application-based movement study of driver’s hands, feet’s & overall body movement. It is very difficult to design seat curvatures based on any static manikin-based software. We at VECV, have developed a new concept using mixed reality VR technology to capture all body movements for designing best in class seat curvature to accommodate variety of drivers with different body types. We have designed a specialized static bunk, which has a wide range of seat, steering and ABC paddle adjustments, which are integrated with virtual data. We use to study and capture the data of driving position and other ergonomic postures of wide range of people with different body types on this static bunk according to their comfortable driving posture. In this comfortable driving posture, user is immersed in
Bhatnagar, ManasJain, NishantBiswal, JyotiranjanSharma, Ajay
This study was conducted to assess the occupant restraint use and injury risks by seating position. The results were used to discuss the merit of selected warning systems. The 1989-2015 NASS-CDS and 2017-2021 CISS data were analyzed for light vehicles in all, frontal and rear tow-away crashes. The differences in serious injury risk (MAIS 3+F) were determined for front and rear seating positions, including the right, middle and left second-row seats. Occupancy and restraint use were determined by model year groups. Occupancy relative to the driver was 27% in the right-front (RF) and 17% in the second row in all crashes. About 39% of second-row passengers were in the left seat, 15% in the center seat and 47% in the right seat. Restraint use was lower in the second row compared to front seats. It was 43% in the right-front and 32% in the second-row seats in all crashes involving serious injury. Restraint use increased with model year groups. It was 63% in the ‘61-‘89 MY vehicles and 90
Parenteau, ChantalBurnett, Roger
Improving passenger safety inside vehicle cabins requires continuously monitoring vehicle seat occupancy statuses. Monitoring a vehicle seat’s occupancy status includes detecting if the seat is occupied and classifying the seat’s occupancy type. This paper introduces an innovative non-intrusive technique that employs capacitive sensing and an occupancy classifier to monitor a vehicle seat’s occupancy status. Capacitive sensing is facilitated by a meticulously constructed capacitance-sensing mat that easily integrates with any vehicle seat. When a passenger or an inanimate object occupies a vehicle seat equipped with the mat, they will induce variations in the mat’s internal capacitances. The variations are, in turn, represented pictorially as grayscale capacitance-sensing images (CSI), which yield the feature vectors the classifier requires to classify the seat’s occupancy type. This paper details the working of the proposed technique in monitoring vehicle seat occupancy statuses non
Prasanna Kumar, RahulMelcher, DavidButtolo, PietroJia, Yunyi
Load legs on child restraint systems (CRS) protect pediatric occupants by bracing the CRS against the floor of the vehicle. Load legs reduce forward motion and help manage the energy of the CRS during a crash. As more CRS manufacturers in the United States (US) consider incorporating these safety features into their products, benchmark data are needed to guide their design and usage. The objective of this study is to develop benchmark geometrical data from both CRS and vehicle environments to help manufacturers to incorporate compatible load legs into the US market. A sample of vehicle environments (n=104 seating positions from n=51 vehicles, model years 2015 to 2022) and CRS with load legs (n=10) were surveyed. Relevant measurements were taken from each sample set to compile benchmark datasets. Corresponding dimensions were compared to assess where incompatibilities might occur. Additionally, three CRS models with load legs were installed into 42 vehicle seating positions each (n=126
Mansfield, Julie
Alongside advancements in automated vehicle technologies, occupants within vehicle compartments are enjoying increased freedom to relax and enjoy their journeys. For instance, reclined seating postures have become more prevalent and comfortable compared to upright seating when Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs) are introduced. Unfortunately, most Anthropomorphic Testing Devices (ATD) do not support reclined postures. THOR-AV 50M is a specially designed dummy for reclined postures. As a crucial tool for developing safety restraint systems to protect reclined occupants, the first question is how to position it correctly on a reclined seat before impact testing. In this study, classical zero gravity seats were selected. H-point coordinators of selected seat at 25°, 40° and 60° seatback angle were measured and compared by using H-point machine (HPM) even though current HPM was not designed for reclined seat. THOR-AV 50M with loosened joints, served to simulate human relaxation fully when
Liu, ChongqingWang, Zhenwen
Due to the lack of biofidelity seen in GHBMC M50-O in rear-facing impact simulations involving interaction with the seat back in an OEM seat, it is important to explore how the boundary conditions might be affecting the biofidelity and potentially formulate methods to improve biofidelity of different occupant models in the future while also maintaining seat validity. This study investigated the influence of one such boundary condition, which is the seat back foam material properties, on the thorax and pelvis kinematics and injury outcomes of the GHBMC 50th M50-O model in a high-speed rear-facing frontal impact scenario, which involves severe occupant loading of the seat back. Two different seat back foam materials were used – a stiff foam with high densification and a soft foam with low densification. The peak magnitudes of the T-spine resultant accelerations of the GHBMC M50-O increased with the use of soft foam as compared to stiff foam. However, the change in the average biofidelity
Pradhan, VikramRamachandra, RakshitKang, Yun Seok
In regions with hot and humid climatic conditions, lightweight cotton textiles such as lawns, are famous for clothing and being explored for use in automobile interiors. Specifically, there’s an interest in these fabrics for car seat covers, interior roof linings, and door trims. Textiles must balance weight and durability for automotive applications to ensure passenger comfort while withstanding regular wear and tear. This study assesses cotton fabrics’ wear and mechanical performance with densities between 40 and 60 g/m2, produced using yarn counts of 70, 60, and 40 Ne. The objective was to determine the optimal fabric parameters for creating automotive spare parts that are both durable and comfortable. Two production strategies were contrasted: coarser yarn counts with fewer warp and weft threads per inch and finer yarn counts with a higher thread density. Findings revealed that fabrics crafted from the coarser yarns, with more irregular warp and weft threads, demonstrated better
Natrayan, L.Mohammed Ali, H.Mothilal, T.Reddy, Vinay
Researchers have chosen to study natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers since low-cost and ecologically favorable materials are required. The present research concentrates on the mechanical characteristics of epoxy composites reinforced with bamboo and bagasse fibers. The hybrids were created using four different ratios of bamboo/bagasse fibers, then hand-laid up. The material characteristics of the generated composites, including tension, bending, impacts, and Shore D hardness measurements, were assessed. The scanning electron microscopy technique was used to study morphology. Three levels of bamboo and a core network of bamboo fibers in composites were assumed to generate superior qualities. The core layer of bamboo and an outer layer typically characterized by sugarcane composites have enhanced flexural strength and Shore D toughness because of the bamboo layer at the center. The results of the microstructural investigations showed no pores or cracks, which improved the bending
Natrayan, L.Ashok, S. K.Kaliappan, SeeniappanKumar, Pankaj
Bamboo fibers were used as reinforcement in hardened epoxy mixes altered with ethoxylated soybean oil (ESO) to enhance the mechanical and thermal qualities. Compared to a bio-based epoxy mix, the tensile strength and modulus of the laminate with 20% bamboo fiber were higher. During thermogravity analysis (TGA) evaluation, it was discovered that the rate of deterioration peak had been moved to a warmer temperature, indicating improved thermal durability of the aggregate over the base material. The dynamic mechanical evaluation of the bio-based composite anticipated increased storage modulus and greater glass transition temperatures. High fiber–matrix adherence was visible in scanning electron morphology (SEM). Measurements of the interfacial adhesion demonstrate the hydrophilicity of the bio-based reinforced composites. The binding and effective insemination of fibers is responsible for the fiber-reinforced composite’s durability. Higher rigidity and durability were generated because
Meshram, Pawan DevidasNatrayan, L.Balaji, N.Reddy, Vinay
This SAE Information Report describes the testing and reporting procedures that may be used to evaluate and document the excursion of a worker or civilian when transported in a seated and restrained position in the patient compartment of a ground ambulance when exposed to a front, side, or rear impact. Its purpose is to provide seating and occupant restraint manufacturers, ambulance builders, and end-users with testing procedures and documentation methods needed to identify head travel paths in crash loading events. This is a component level test. The seating system is tested in free space to measure maximum head travel paths. The purpose is not to identify stay out zones. Rather, the goal is to provide ambulance manufacturers with the data needed to design safer and functionally sound workstations for Emergency Medical Service workers so that workers are better able to safely perform patient care tasks in a moving ambulance. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation
Truck Crashworthiness Committee
Seatback and head restraints are the primary restraining devices in rear-impact collisions. The seatback failures expose front seat occupants to dive deep into the rear compartment survival space. Furthermore, it allows the occupants to get in a position with lower spinal tolerance to the impact direction. This paper employs sled tests to demonstrate the dangers of seatback failures in severe rear impact by allowing the occupants to orient their spine in its lowest tolerance zone to the impact direction. Furthermore, the sled test shows the potential of head pocketing phenomena and torso augmentation producing compressive cervical spine loading enough to cause first-order neck buckling. Finally, the results of collapsing seatback dynamics are compared to the strong seatback performance by conducting a similar test with a strong ABTS seatback. The study demonstrates that the strong seatbacks in severe rear impacts produce favorable outcomes while keeping the occupant in their higher
Thorbole, Chandrashekhar
System engineering-based approach is now ubiquitous in the automotive industry. It is a disciplined approach that ensures that targets are clearly defined and met through a structured and holistic approach. In this paper, we report an application of a systems engineering-based methodology for developing seating system features. It starts with a Business Requirement Document (BRD), which enlists the business requirements of a feature. We then developed a Logical Architecture Diagram (LAD) on a Simulink environment, which is an initial proposal for designing the logic to realize the desired functionality. As a next step, we perform Functional Failure Analysis (FFA) on the LAD to identify potential failure modes. We propose a few ways to mitigate the identified failures or modify the design so that these failures are rendered inconsequential to the end user. Based on the updated LAD, a System Requirement Document (SRD) is created, which contains all the requirements corresponding to the
Ghosh, SoumikVidhu, Nandagopal
The automotive seat has undergone significant advancements in technology due to changing customer demands, levels of autonomy and vehicle regulations. These advancements have presented both opportunities and challenges in creating a pleasant experience for customers by ensuring optimal seat comfort and a joyful human experience. Seats are always being built to accommodate different percentiles of occupant comfort requirements; original equipment manufacturers come up with various seating adjustment features. However, there is considerable variation among each percentile of occupants in how they utilize these features to achieve a comfortable seating position based on their unique preferences and circumstances. Additionally, there are variations in occupant postures due to the ways people have adapted their driving habits or styles when it comes to the way they sit. The objective of this paper is to understand the sensitivity of seat adjustments and occupant postures on static seat
H S, RakeshLal G M, SherinRahmani, Reza
Automotive seat comfort systems provide occupants with a choice to adjust the seat to individual preference, enhancing the customized comfort feel. Seat comfort systems such as massager, lumbar support bladders, seat cushion bolster bladders and seat back bolster bladders are increasingly adopted in automotive seats as customer demand for customizable seats is on the rise. Development of seat comfort systems is mainly driven by Tier 1 suppliers to an automotive original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The Automotive OEM must wait until the final seat prototype is ready with all the seat comfort systems packaged to evaluate the seat comfort performance. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Tools like CASIMIR provide detail dummies representing humans with tissues and muscles, allowing occupant seat comfort to be predicted virtually. This study describes the development of a CAE based seat back bolster bladder evaluation method focusing on seat comfort performance to drive design during early
Kamaraju, PavankumarRo, Hee
The purpose of this study is to conduct dynamic seat pressure mapping on vehicle seats during its operation on different test tracks under ambient environmental conditions for a defined speed. The test track comprises of pave roads, high frequency track, low frequency track and twist track. The variations in pressure distribution on seat during diverse road load inputs help to understand the seat cushion and back comfort for unique percentiles of human subjects ranging from 50th to 95th percentile population. For conducting the study, a sport utility vehicle (SUV) loaded with leatherette seats has chosen. Totally six participants (human subjects), five male and one female selected for the study based on their BMI (Body mass index) and body morphology. Pressure mats suitable for taking dynamic load inputs and able to log the data at a defined sampling rate mounted on seats and secured properly. The pressure mats should cover the seat cushion, bolster areas and back seat completely. The
Arthanathan, Sankaranarayanan
Child crash injury protection in severe rear impact chiefly depends on how well the rear survival space bounded by the vehicle structure is maintained. Previous research and studies have shown the ill effects of front seatback collapse intruding into the rear child survival space from front with minor or no intrusions from the rear. This paper shows the child injury pattern and fatal injury mechanism for a rear impact crash with a severe compartment intrusion from the rear without any front seat occupant. Furthermore, it compares the injury outcome with a similar crash and severe intrusion in the presence of the front occupant employing a full-scale vehicle-to-vehicle crash test. A detailed real-world crash investigation is conducted to identify the injury mechanism and is compared with the outcome of similar severity rear impact vehicle-to-vehicle crash tests producing different injury patterns. The comparison and the analysis show that the survival space intrusion due to safety cage
Thorbole, Chandrashekhar
The application of local advanced steels has challenges to overcome such as stampability requirements to meet manufacturing processes. Several technological alternatives have been studied to improve sheet steel formability and this work focuses on material selection. Dual Phase 800 steel has an important performance for structural parts involved in body-in-white (BIW) to reach durability and material impact resistance. On those alternatives references the coating application to reduce the friction coefficient and makes the formability process easier to mitigate drawing stamping issues. The study deals with DP800 formability analysis applied in automotive seats, mainly on anchorage components, searching for alternatives to a better material stampability and local availability with a lower cost. These tests approached formability simulations and FLD (Forming Limit Diagrams) to compare the imported DP800-Uncoated and the local DP800EG + Phosphate steels. Additional tests were made for
de Campos, Kauan MoreiraPiovatto, Roberto ReatoColosio, Marco A.
Light fidelity (LiFi) technology holds immense potential to revolutionize wireless communication networks by utilizing light bulbs for reliable and cost-effective interconnections. Integration of LiFi technology with advanced solutions is proposed to significantly enhance the passenger experience in autonomous buses. The reliability and performance limitations inherent in traditional radio frequency (RF) technologies are addressed, resulting in a consistent and reliable wireless connection for self-driving cars. The proposed solution incorporates key features such as a LiFi-powered real-time tracking and notification system, on-board assistance for seat location, and precise bus seat occupancy information gathering. Additionally, the paper aims to improve punctuality through a LiFi-powered passenger boarding system, facilitating the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles as a trusted and efficient mode of transportation. A thorough technical examination and a successful
Dawoud, Diana WasfiMukhtar, HusameldinCopiaco, AbigailMansoor, WathiqAtalla, Shadi
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is only applicable to 14 CFR Part 25 transport airplane passenger and flight attendant seats. This document provides the analysis methods, testing, and rationale used to justify changes contained in ARP6199B
Aircraft Seat Committee
The ride comfort of automobiles is greatly affected by the static and dynamic characteristics of the seat cushion. To simulate these characteristics accurately and further provide reference for the optimization design of seat, the finite element models are established in this article. First, the static stiffness tests of the seat cushion and leather cover are performed, respectively, to expose their static characteristics. Then, the dynamic stiffness/damping test are carried out to evaluate the dynamic characteristic of the cushion. Third, simulation models (including static stiffness and dynamic stiffness models) are founded and calibrated based on the above test data. Finally, the consistency of simulation and experiment results is evaluated and quantified by introducing goodness-of-fit. The results indicate that (1) calibrated models built in this study can reflect the static and dynamic characteristics of the seat cushion accurately. (2) The proposed dynamic stiffness model can
Chen, LiangsongXiyuan, NiuJun, SongYi, QiuZunming, Wang
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) documents a common understanding of terms, compliance issues, and occupant injury criteria to facilitate the design and certification of oblique facing passenger seat installations specific to Part 25 aircraft. The applicability of the criteria listed in this current release is limited to seats with an occupant facing direction greater than 18° and no greater than 45° relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis. Seats installed at angles greater than 30° relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis must have an energy absorbing rest or shoulder harness and must satisfy the criteria listed in Table 2. Later revisions are intended to provide criteria for other facing directions. Performance criteria for forward and aft facing seats are provided in AS8049 and for side facing seats in AS8049/1. This document contains the same content as superseded ARP6316 with additional information included to align this Aerospace Standard with AS8049/1 regarding the use of
Aircraft Seat Committee
Adaptive neural networks (ANNs) have become famous for modeling and controlling dynamic systems. However, because of their failure to precisely reflect the intricate dynamics of the system, these have limited use in practical applications and perform poorly during training and testing. This research explores novel approaches to this issue, including modifying the simple neuron unit and developing a generalized neuron (GN). The revised version of the neuron unit helps to develop the system controller, which is responsible for providing the desired control signal based on the inputs received from the dynamic responses of the vehicle suspension system. The controller is then tested and evaluated based on the performance of the magnetorheological (MR) damper for the main suspension system. These results of the tests show that the optimal preview controller designed using the GN both ∑-Π-ANN and Π-∑-ANN can accurately capture the complex dynamics of the MR damper and improve their damping
Shehata Gad, AhmedDarakhshan Jabeen, SyedaGalal Ata, Wael
Toyota and its segment-first IsoDynamic Performance Seat were big winners in this year's Altair Enlighten Awards, honored during an awards ceremony at the 2023 CAR Management Briefing Seminars (MBS) in August. Debuting in the 2024 Tacoma TRD Pro, the performance seat's various lightweight structures took the top spot for both the Enabling Technology and the Module Lightweighting categories. Four other category winners, along with runners-up and honorable mentions, showcased how automotive and commercial-vehicle companies are applying advanced technologies and artificial intelligence to create a more sustainable future for the industry. “They demonstrate exceptional leadership in this area, but more importantly they demonstrate how these innovative solutions can be achieved by collaborating with the supply chain,” Richard Yen, Altair's senior VP for product and strategy, said at the ceremony in Traverse City, Michigan. “We are seeing a lot of companies bring the suppliers together to
Gehm, Ryan
In this paper, semi-active MR main suspension system based on system controller design to minimize pitch motion linked with MR-controlled seat suspension by considering driver’s biodynamics is investigated. According to a fixed footprint tire model, the transmitted tire force is determined. The linear-quadratic Gaussian (LQG) system controller is able to enhance ride comfort by adjusting damping forces based on an evaluation of body vibration from the dynamic responses. The controlled damping forces are tracked by the signum function controllers to evaluate the supply voltages for the front and rear MR dampers. Based on the sprung mass acceleration level and its derivative as the inputs, the optimal type-2 (T-2) fuzzy seat system controller is designed to regulate the controlled seat MR damper force. The best rate for each linguistic variable is acquired by modifying the range between upper and lower membership functions (MFs), which enables accurate tracking of the seat-damping force
Shehata Gad, Ahmed
The objective of this study was to compare head, neck, and chest injury risks between front and rear-seated Hybrid III 50th-percentile male anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) during matched frontal impacts. Seven vehicles were converted to rear seat test bucks (two sedans, three mid-size SUVs, one subcompact SUV, and one minivan) and then used to perform sled testing with vehicle-specific frontal NCAP acceleration pulses and a rear seated (i.e., second row) Hybrid III 50th male ATD. Matched front seat Hybrid III 50th male ATD data were obtained from the NHTSA Vehicle Crash Test Database for each vehicle. HIC15, Nij, maximum chest acceleration, and maximum chest deflection were compared between the front and rear seat tests, as well as between vehicles with conventional and advanced three-point belt restraint systems in the rear seat. Additionally, a modified version of the NCAP frontal star rating was calculated for the front and rear seat tests. All injury metrics, except for chest
Bianco, Samuel T.Albert, Devon L.Guettler, Allison J.Hardy, Warren N.Kemper, Andrew R.
Comfort and elegance are one of the most important characteristics people are looking for during their travels. Nowadays the satisfaction of the modern cars had been developed to the greater extent. In order to increase the sophistication to the passengers during travelling we came up with an idea to provide ventilation to them by blowing cold air at their rear side. The objective of this project is to provide seat ventilation using thermoelectric module. The thermoelectric module is powered using the DC current from the battery and the module works on the principle of Peltier effect. The module on providing supply, a junction becomes cold and the low temperature developed at one end is used to provide seat ventilation [39]. A centrifugal blower is used to blow air over the module's cold junction which causes the air-cooling effect. Now the air is blown through the distribution pads that are mounted over the seats in seat upholstery and the ventilation of the seat is successfully
G, ManikandanSaminathan, SathiskumarM, BoopathiRavisangar, SS, Narasimmabharathi
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 1708