Browse Topic: Displays

Items (1,223)
ABSTRACT Maintenance of local security is essential for the lethality and survivability in modern urban conflicts. Among solutions the Army is developing is an indirect-vision display (IVD) based sensor system supporting full-spectrum, 360°local area awareness. Unfortunately, such display solutions only address part of the challenge, with remaining issues spawned by the properties of human perceptual-cognitive function. The current study examined the influence of threat properties (e.g. threat type, distance, etc.) on detection performance while participants conducted a patrol through a simulated urban area. Participants scanned a virtual environment comprised of static and dynamic entities and reported those that were deemed potential threats. Results showed that the most influential variables were the characteristics of the targets; threats that appeared far away, behind the vehicle, and for short periods of time were most likely missed. Thus, if an IVD system is to be effective, it
Metcalfe, Jason S.Cosenzo, Keryl A.Johnson, TonyBrumm, BradleyManteuffel, ChristopherEvans, A. WilliamTierney, Terrance
ABSTRACT This paper presents a method to mitigate high latency in the teleoperation of unmanned ground systems through display prediction and state estimation. Specifically, it presents a simulation environment which models both sides of the teleoperation system in the laboratory. The simulation includes a teleoperated vehicle model to represent the dynamics in high fidelity. The sensors and actuators are modeled as well as the communication channel. The latency mitigation approach is implemented in this simulation environment, which consists of a feed-forward vehicle model as a state estimator which drives a predictive display algorithm. These components work together to help the operator receive immediate feedback regarding his/her control actions. The paper contains a technical discussion of the design as well as specific implementation. It concludes with the presentation of some experimental data which demonstrate significant improvement over the unmitigated case
Brudnak, Mark J.
ABSTRACT The concept of handheld control systems with modular and/or integrated display provides the flexibility of operator use that supports the needs of today’s warfighters. A human machine interface control system that easily integrates with vehicle systems through common architecture and can transition to support dismounted operations provides warfighters with functional mobility they do not have today. With Size, Weight and Power along with reliability, maintainability and availability driving the needs of most platforms for both upgrade and development, moving to convertible (mounted to handheld) and transferrable control systems supports these needs as well as the need for the warfighter to maintain continuous control and command connectivity in uncertain mission conditions
Roy, Monica V.
ABSTRACT This paper presents developmental and experimental work beyond the initial presentation of the predictive display technology. Developmental work consisted of the addition of features to the predictive display such as image subsampling, camera stabilization, void filling and image overlay graphics. The paper then describes two experiments consisting of twelve subjects each in which the predictive displays were compared to both the zero latency case (baseline) and the unmitigated high-latency cases (worst case). The predictive display was compared using four objective performance and activity measures of mean speed, lateral deviation, heading deviation and steering activity. The predictive display was also assessed using subjective measures of workload and usability. Citation: M.J. Brudnak, “Predictive Displays for High Latency Teleoperation: Extensions and Experiments”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI
Brudnak, Mark
ABSTRACT The concept of handheld control systems with modular and/or integrated display provides the flexibility of operator use that supports the needs of today’s warfighters. A human machine interface control system that easily integrates with vehicle systems through common architecture and can transition to support dismounted operations provides warfighters with functional mobility they do not have today. With Size, Weight and Power along with reliability, maintainability and availability driving the needs of most platforms for both upgrade and development, moving to convertible (mounted to handheld) and transferrable control systems supports these needs as well as the need for the warfighter to maintain continuous control and command connectivity in uncertain mission conditions
Roy, Monica V.
ABSTRACT Time lags are known to reduce performance in human-in-the-loop control systems. Performance decrements for human-in-the-loop control systems as a result of time lags are generally associated with the operator’s inability to predict the outcome of their control input and are dependent upon the characteristics of the lag (e.g., magnitude and variability). Further, the effects of variable time lags are not well studied or understood, but may exacerbate the effects on human control actions observed with fixed lags. Several studies have demonstrated mechanisms that can help combat the effects of lag including adaptation, mathematical predictors (e.g., filters), and predictive displays. This experiment examined the effects of lag and lag variability on a simulated driving task, as well as a possible mitigation (predictive display) for the effects of lag. Results indicated that lag variability significantly reduced driving performance, and that the predictive display significantly
Davis, JamesSmyth, ChristopherMcDowell, Kaleb
ABSTRACT This paper illustrates the effectiveness of using smart displays to further reduce size, weight, and power (SWaP) in ground vehicles while also providing a path to implementing a network for vehicle C4ISR architectures such as VICTORY. This is done by introducing smart displays and how they can be configured and implemented to take on various functions to provide capabilities such as sensor viewing, vehicle health monitoring, and blue force tracking. The smart display’s interfaces and application software allow it to act as network adapter for legacy end nodes in digital backbone architectures
Stokes, Joshua
ABSTRACT Latencies as small as 170 msec significantly degrade ground vehicle teleoperation performance and latencies greater than a second usually lead to a “move and wait” style of control. TORIS (Teleoperation Of Robots Improvement System) mitigates the effects of latency by providing the operator with a predictive display showing a synthetic latency-corrected view of the robot’s relationship to the local environment and control primitives that remove the operator from the high-frequency parts of the robot control loops. TORIS uses operator joystick inputs to specify relative robot orientations and forward travel distances rather than rotational and translational velocities, with control loops on the robot making the robot achieve the commanded sequence of poses. Because teleoperated ground vehicles vary in sensor suite and on-board computation, TORIS supports multiple predictive display methods. Future work includes providing obstacle detection and avoidance capabilities to support
Kluge, Karl C.Lacaze, AlbertoCelle, Zach LaLegowik, SteveMurphy, KarlThomson, Rob
ABSTRACT This paper presents a practical and easy to implement method for tracking the position of tele-operated Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) inside buildings, where GPS is unavailable. In conventional dead-reckoning systems, which typically use odometry combined with a single-axis gyro or an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), heading errors grow without bound. For that reason, tracking the position of tele-operated UGVs for more than a few minutes becomes unfeasible. Our method, called Heuristics-Enhanced Dead-reckoning (HEDR), overcomes this problem by completely eliminating heading errors at steady state in tele-operated missions of unlimited duration. As a result, HEDR allows the plotting of very accurate trajectories on the Operator Console Unit (OCU). When overlaid over an aerial photo of a building, the real-time trajectory display gives the operator crucial information about position and heading of the UGV relative to the building. This feature offers the operator much
Borenstein, JohannBorrell, AdamMiller, RussThomas, David
ABSTRACT The Integrated Bridge currently fielded in the MRAP FoV is a capabilities insertion that provides data integration and visualization services to the vehicle crew. The Integrated Bridge combines displays, data buses, video sensors, switches/routers, radio interfaces, power management components, etc. to provide a unified view as well as a vehicle system control means to its crew members. The Integrated Bridge provides a flexible and modular architecture that can readily be adapted to the variety of Government Furnished Mission Equipment found in the MRAP FoV utilizing developmental hardware and software augmented with VICTORY technology to provide additional standardization and capabilities. This paper describes the continuation and capability extension of the VICTORY Radio Adapter, now called the Integrated Bridge GPIU (General Purpose Interface Unit). Details of the work leading to the fielding of a significantly enhanced version of the GPIU are discussed. GPIU software and
Petty, Millard E.Wilson, Chad J.Wong, Michael C.Smith, Michael R.Wright, Ronnie L.
ABSTRACT As U.S. Army leadership continues to invest in novel technological systems to give warfighters a decisive edge for mounted and dismounted operations, the Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) and other similar systems are in the spotlight. Continuing to put capable systems that integrate fighting, rehearsing, and training operations into the hands of warfighters will be a key delineator for the future force to achieve and maintain overmatch in an all-domain operational environment populated by near-peer threats. The utility and effectiveness of these new systems will depend on the degree to which the capabilities and limitations of humans are considered in context during development and testing. This manuscript will survey how formal and informal Human Systems Integration planning can positively impact system development and will describe a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) case study
Michelson, StuartRay, Jerry
ABSTRACT Over the past several years, the rate of advancements in modern computer hardware and graphics computing capabilities has increased exponentially and provided unprecedented opportunities within the Modeling and Simulation community to increase the visual fidelity and quality in new Image Generators (IGs). As a result, IG vendors are continuously reevaluating the best way to make use of these new performance improvements. Some vendors have chosen to increase the resolution of the environment by displaying higher resolution imagery from disk while other vendors have chosen to increase the number of polygons that are capable of being presented in the scene while maintaining 60Hz. While all of these approaches use the latest hardware technology to improve the quality of the simulated environment in the IG, the authors of this paper have chosen to focus on a different approach; to improve the accuracy and realism of the simulated environment. To accomplish this, the authors have
Kuehne, BobHebert, KennyChladny, Brett
ABSTRACT Currently, fielded ground robotic platforms are controlled by a human operator via constant, direct input from a controller. This approach requires constant attention on the part of the operator, decreasing situational awareness (SA). In scenarios where the robotic asset is non-line-of-sight (non-LOS), the operator must monitor visual feedback, which is typically in the form of a video feed and/or visualization. With the increasing use of personal radios, smart devices/wearable computers, and network connectivity by individual warfighters, the need for an unobtrusive means of robotic control and feedback is becoming more necessary. A proposed intuitive robotic operator control (IROC) involving a heads up display (HUD), instrumented gesture recognition glove, and ground robotic asset is described in this paper. Under the direction of the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory (MCWL) Futures Directorate, AnthroTronix, Inc. (ATinc) is implementing the described integration for
Baraniecki, LisaVice, JackBrown, JonathanNichols, JoshStone, DaveDahn, Dawn
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains guidelines and recommendations for subsonic airplane air conditioning systems and components, including requirements, design philosophy, testing, and ambient conditions. The airplane air conditioning system comprises that arrangement of equipment, controls, and indicators that supply and distribute air to the occupied compartments for ventilation, pressurization, and temperature and moisture control. The principal features of the system are: a A supply of outside air with independent control valve(s). b A means for heating. c A means for cooling (air or vapor cycle units and heat exchangers). d A means for removing excess moisture from the air supply. e A ventilation subsystem. f A temperature control subsystem. g A pressure control subsystem. Other system components for treating cabin air, such as filtration and humidification, are included, as are the ancillary functions of equipment cooling and cargo compartment conditioning
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
From televisions to smartphones, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are finding their way into many everyday devices. For use in displays, blue OLEDs are also required to supplement the primary colors — red and green. Especially in blue OLEDs, impurities give rise to strong electrical losses, which could be partly circumvented by using highly complex and expensive device layouts
A unique wristwatch contains multiple modules, including a sensor array, a microfluidic chip, signal processing, and a data display system to monitor chemicals in human sweat. It can continuously and accurately monitor the levels of potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and calcium (Ca2+) ions
Validation plays a crucial role in any Electronic Development process. This is true in the development of any automotive Electronic Control Unit (ECU) that utilizes the Automotive V process. From Research and Development (R&D) to End of Line (EOL), every automotive module goes through a plethora of Hardware (HW) and Software (SW) testing. This testing is tedious, time consuming, and inefficient. The purpose of this paper is to show a way to streamline validation in any part of the automotive V process using Python as a driving force to automate and control Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) / Model-in-the-loop (MIL) / Software-in-the-loop (SIL) validation. The paper will propose and outline a framework to control test equipment, such as power supplies and oscilloscopes, load boxes, and external HW. The framework includes the ability to control CAN communication signals and messages. A visual Graphical User Interface (GUI) has also been created to provide simplified operation to the user
Rosiewicz, BrandonLink, Bravin
ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) is a growing technology in automotive industry, intended to provide safety and comfort to the passengers with the help of variety of sensors like radar, camera, LIDAR etc. Though ADAS improved safety of passengers comparing to conventional non-ADAS vehicles, still it has some grey areas for safety enhancement and easy assistance to drivers. BSW (Blind Spot Warning) and LCA (Lane Change Assist) are ADAS function which assists the driver for lane changing. BSW alerts the driver about the vehicles which are in blind zone in adjacent lanes and LCA alerts the driver about approaching vehicles at a high velocity in adjacent lanes. In current ADAS systems, BSW and LCA alerts are given as optical and acoustic warnings which is placed in vehicle side mirrors. During lane change the driver must see the side mirrors to take a decision. Due to this, there is a reaction time for taking a decision since driver must divert attention from windshield to side
R, ManjunathSaddaladinne, Jagadeesh BabuD, Gopinath
Composites made of continuous fibers generally have higher strength-to-weight ratios in fiber directions as compared to those made of discontinuous fibers. However, the latter tend to display quasi-isotropic properties which can be of advantage when directions of mechanical loading can vary. For many real-world applications such as robust design of vehicle body components for crashworthiness, impact loads are stochastic in nature both in terms of magnitude and direction. Hence, in order to realize the true potential of laminated composites with continuous fibers, instead of orthotropic laminates which are most common due to the ease of design and manufacturing, angle-ply laminates are necessary. The latter category of laminates introduce a high degree of flexibility in design options but are also simultaneously challenging in terms of mechanical characterization due to the presence of a larger number of material parameters, as compared to orthotropic laminates, with coupled normal and
Tanaya, SushreeDeb, Anindya
Robots and cameras of the future could be made of liquid crystals, thanks to a new discovery that significantly expands the potential of the chemicals already common in computer displays and digital watches. The findings are a simple and inexpensive way to manipulate the molecular properties of liquid crystals with light exposure
A research team led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has developed “supramolecular ink,” a new technology for use in OLED (organic light-emitting diode) displays or other electronic devices. Made of inexpensive, Earth-abundant elements instead of costly scarce metals, supramolecular ink could enable more affordable and environmentally sustainable flat-panel screens and electronic devices
This SAE Standard specifies symbols (i.e. conventional signs) for use on controls, indicators, and tell-tales applying to passenger cars, light and heavy commercial vehicles, and buses, to ensure identification and facilitate use. It also indicates the colors of possible optical tell-tales, which inform the driver of either correct operation or malfunctioning of the related devices
Controls and Displays Standards Committee
Imagine a thin, digital display so flexible that you can wrap it around your wrist, fold it in any direction, or even curve it over your car’s steering wheel. Well, imagine no more — researchers at the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) at the University of Chicago have designed such a material; it can even bend in half or stretch to more than twice its original length — and still emit a fluorescent pattern
Researchers have designed a thin, digital display that can bend in half or stretch to more than twice its original length while still emitting a fluorescent pattern. The material has a wide range of applications, from wearable electronics and health sensors to foldable computer screens
More pixels! This is a major trend in the display industry. The benefits of 8K or higher resolution TVs may be debatable. For eye catching applications such as AR/VR glasses, more and therefore smaller pixels are required for technical feasibility. Screen door effects and pixel inhomogeneities are easily visible and disturbing for the user on displays that sit closely to the viewer’s eye. μ-LEDs are considered an innovative technology for very high resolutions with pixel sizes of less than 10 μm and equally small pixel pitches. In general, they have the potential to be a groundbreaking display technology – provided production challenges can be solved. Just like OLED displays, μ-LEDs are an emissive display technology, i.e., each single subpixel is in itself a light source. Luminance and color variations between the individual pixels are likely. As this strongly influences the visual quality of the displays, a quality control and calibration of the displays is necessary not only in the
Mercury Systems, Inc. Andover, MA 978-256-1300
An international team of scientists is developing an inkable nanomaterial that they say could one day become a spray-on electronic component for ultra-thin, lightweight, and bendable displays and devices
The startup plans to apply lessons learned in Europe to the U.S. market, bringing a “small fleet” of electric trucks for potential customers by the end of the year. Volta Trucks has been operating its all-electric Volta Zero delivery trucks in Europe for three years. Now, the map is expanding. Fleet operators soon will be able to get behind the wheel of a Class 6 or 7 Zero in the U.S., adding to a growing list of electric options for moving freight. Volta displayed a Zero at the 2023 Advanced Clean Transportation (ACT) Expo in Anaheim, California, in May as a sort of ambassador. Volta will tour this truck around the U.S. for a few months before bringing over a “small fleet” for potential customers to test out and perhaps integrate into their operations before the end of the year, according to Volta Trucks CEO Essa Al-Saleh. It's all part of a dramatic shift towards electrification throughout the industry, he said
Blanco, Sebastian
Head worn displays (HWD) can display a variety of information ranging from a full complement of primary flight information (PFI), including enhanced, synthetic, or combined vision system imagery to simple representations of airspeed, altitude, or heading to operationally specific information that may not be related aircraft performance or control. The display functions discussed in this ARP are limited to intended functions related to aircraft control and management and the presentation of PFI. The material provided in this document consists of recommendations related to the design, analysis, testing, and intended functions of head worn displays (HWDs) for normal, utility, acrobatic, commuter, and transport category aircraft and special classes of aircraft. The content is targeted to HWDs that provide navigation, control and primary flight guidance information including terrain and obstacle avoidance. The content of the document is limited to statements of general design and
G-10HWD Head Worn Display Committee
As the AVN display in the car interior becomes larger and located above the center fascia, the driver's visual visibility is becoming important. In addition, since an expensive touch sensor is installed, a transparent electrode cost reduction technology for a display touch sensor that can replace an indium material, which is an expensive rare metal, is required. In this paper, we developed new transparent electrode materials and manufacturing methods for the touch sensor film which light reflectance is low and flexible without a separate low-reflection multi-layer, so that the design freedom is high and the material cost is low. By optimizing the amount of fluorine doping ratio in tin oxide, excellent electrical conductivity and high optical transmittance are secured, and the surface reflectance is reduced by adjusting the diameter and length of the silver nanowire. As a result, it was shown that the AVN display image and font readability was improved. In addition, we verified that the
Kweon, KyoungchunHong, Seungchan
Operating beyond the visible light spectrum, forward-looking infrared (FLIR) cameras use a thermographic imager (camera) that senses infrared radiation, or heat signatures. Advanced FLIR thermal imaging systems capture and display infrared wavelengths that are radiating energy. Infrared thermography consists of three specific wavelengths, including short-wave infrared (SWIR), midwave infrared (MWIR), and long wavelength infrared (LWIR). MWIR imaging cameras have long been the preferred solution for clear thermal imaging at distances greater than one kilometer (km) for defense, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), counter-UAS, security, and other long-range surveillance applications. To meet these imaging requirements, advanced MWIR camera systems are commonly integrated with infrared telescopes that feature a continuous zoom (CZ) lens assembly. Developing custom cameras and CZ lenses can be costly in terms of time and resources, and it can become complicated
SAE J1362 presents graphical symbols for use on operator controls and other displays on off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116, plus mobile cranes, but excluding agricultural tractors. Symbols for agricultural tractors are covered by ASABE S304, ISO 3767-1, and ISO 3767-2
HFTC2, Machine Displays and Symbols
SAE J2461 specifies the recommended practices of a Vehicle Electronics Programming Stations (VEPS) architecture.in a Win32® environment. This system specification, SAE J2461, was a revision of the requirements for Vehicle Electronics Programming Stations (VEPS) set forth in SAE J2214, Vehicle Electronics Programming Stations (VEPS) System Specification for Programming Components at OEM Assembly Plants (Cancelled Jun 2004). The J2214 standard has been cancelled indicating that it is no longer needed or relevant
Truck and Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
An ultrathin display for holographic images consists of a thin film of titanium filled with tiny holes that precisely correspond with each pixel in a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. This film acts as a “photon sieve” — each pinhole widely diffracts light emerging from them, resulting in a high-definition 3D image observable from a wide angle
Used in products ranging from brake lights to billboards, LEDs are ideal components for backlighting and displays in electronic devices because they are lightweight, thin, energy-efficient, and visible in different types of lighting. Micro LEDs, which can be as small as 2 micrometers and bundled to be any size, provide higher resolution than other LEDs. Their size makes them a good fit for small devices such as smartwatches but they can be bundled to work in flat-screen TVs and other larger displays. LEDs of all sizes, however, are brittle and typically can only be used on flat surfaces
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the minimum standard requirements for message boards (MBs) at designated deicing facilities. The design of aircraft deicing facilities is covered by ARP4902. Standards for the deicing facility management system are outside the scope of this document
G-12DF Deicing Facilities Committee
A new device from Lincoln Laboratory can now alert trainees when they are heading toward injury. The device continuously estimates a person’s core body temperature to determine their risk level for heat strain as they train. This risk is communicated on a smartwatch display, providing early warning to its wearer
Operator attention has been a significant focus of human factors research in recent years. This research has clarified how electronic devices and other stimuli can become distractions for vehicle operators. The research has defined a condition known as “distracted driving,” characterized by interruption of the sequence of cognitive processes essential for safe operation of a vehicle. Although “attention” has been the most often mentioned of these cognitive processes, they also include perception, memory, cognition, and planful behavior. These processes are the “cognitive demands” of safe vehicle operation. There is another issue, similar to distracted driving, that may hamper safe operation of a vehicle. That issue is the “cognitive load” of human-machine interface devices, including instrument clusters. The present paper explores the effects of cognitive load on operator response speed. It describes a novel method for displaying systems datums designed to manage cognitive load. The
Havins, William
Based on the success of the second-generation Genesis G80 model, Hyundai Motor has declared the independence of Genesis as a luxury car brand in 2015. The third-generation G80 is the representative model of the Genesis brand and has a unique identity of Genesis that can surpass its competitors. In addition, it was necessary to develop seats that were considered not only for ICE but also for the scalability of electric vehicles. A newly formed Genesis organization established the Genesis design philosophy of its own. Four key elements of the design philosophy were comfort, aesthetics, usability and safety. The third-generation Genesis seats incorporate its design philosophy of seat design and new technologies based on comfort, aesthetics, usability, and safety. This paper describes the seat development of the Ergo Motion seat, Rear Seat Relaxtion(Relax + Position), Seat Syling, AVN switch display and PSS(pre-active safety seat )system, which are representative technologies
Jeong, DongwooNa, Seon ChaePark, SangdoKim, SanghoLee, SeungyoungLee, KiryungKim, YunHoNam, HyunWooBae, IL Hwan
As the development of in-vehicle infotainment systems increases, center stack display, digital instrument panels and heads-up displays become much more common in modern vehicles. Several of these screens are touch displays and in order to execute automated test in those displays against new iterations of software two solutions are possible: embedded touch simulators or physically touch the screens with external actuators. Although simulators can be more practical and easier to setup, its availability depends on the parts suppliers, not being always the same software and setup for the same test cases. External actuators have advantage to test the software and physical components and have a constant setup, but usually commercial options are expensive and need specialized professionals to configure it as needed. Aiming to simplify the setup for hardware-in-the-loop tests for infotainment systems involving touchscreen displays and reduce costs, this work describes how versions of a mostly
de Melo Pinto Junior, UbiratanVassallo, Christian Salesda Cruz Villas Boas, Antônio VitorMurari, Thiago BarrosVieira, Rafael Barretode Melo Ferreira, Flávio Fabrício Venturada Costa, Roberto Coelho
Researchers have developed an innovative display that shows information through clothes and other fabrics. The new technology, called PocketView, uses LED lights to display basic information. It can function as a standalone piece of technology or could be incorporated into existing or next-generation smart devices
At CES 2022 Panasonic Automotive Systems Company of America unveiled AR HUD 2.0 (Augmented Reality Head-Up Display 2.0), the first system to include a new, patented eye-tracking system (ETS). If you've ever thought about what exists beyond the limits of a HUD and the small rectangular box it displays on the windshield, welcome to the world of AR. And note that AR is not VR, Virtual Reality; VR is a space in which headsets or special glasses allow the wearer to experience a 3D world that doesn't exist except in this technology. It's increasingly used in automotive interior design
Dinkel, John
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