Browse Topic: Displays
Passive fatigue can cause accidents with automated and regular vehicles. A proof-of-concept prototype [made with light-emitting diode (LED) matrices and white LED (WLED)] and a preliminary comparative usability test (N = 7) are used to study whether the active manipulation of simulated weather cues can be a potential countermeasure to passive fatigue. Participants rated system suitability, system impression, and their fatigue level similarly when they viewed a weather windshield heads-up display (HUD) versus a speedometer windshield HUD [no significant differences found and relatively small 95% confidence interval (CI) ranges around 0]. Qualitative analysis of interviews found that participants saw the potential value of the weather display and that display placement, dynamic graphics, and user activation were commonly mentioned themes. These results suggest the concept is theoretically possible, though further work is needed to prove the concept in practice.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides criteria for the design, installation, operation, and training aspects of head-up display (HUD) systems in transport category aircraft, with emphasis on pilot interface and operational requirements. The recommendations apply to permanently installed (including stowable) HUDs that display primary flight information, including those integrating enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) imagery. The intent is to ensure HUDs are designed and used in a manner that improves pilot situational awareness and flight technical performance across all phases of flight, up to and including low-visibility operations. While technical design standards (optical performance, hardware specs, etc.) are defined in documents like ARP5288 and AS8055, this document focuses on pilot usage considerations and human factors. HUD systems addressed here are typically designed to support a fail-passive operational concept applicable to Category III instrument approach operations, where approved, though many recommendations also apply to HUD usage for Category I and II operations and other phases of flight. Devices such as head-worn displays are not specifically covered, though future provisions may consider “through-display” wearable systems as technology matures.
This paper investigates amplitude effects in the aeroelastic damping and frequency characteristics of the Maryland Tiltrotor Rig across four configurations: gimballed or hingeless hubs, each paired with straight or swept-tip blades. The recovery rate method is used to identify the aeroelastic parameters of the primary modes dominated by out-of-plane and in-plane wing bending from experimental free-decay strain time histories, capturing variations in dynamic behavior with the response amplitude. Results from conventional methods that assume linear (amplitude-independent) behavior are also presented for comparison. The local damping ratio of the examined modes generally decreases with increasing strain amplitude across all configurations, a trend missed by conventional linear estimation methods. The strength of amplitude effects varies as the system approaches instability: for gimballed configurations, they weaken near instability; for hingeless configurations, they become more pronounced. While the local frequency of the mode dominated by out-of-plane wing bending remains relatively constant with strain amplitude, the frequency of the mode dominated by in-plane wing bending displays significant amplitude-dependent shifts, particularly for hingeless hubs. The findings demonstrate the importance of accounting for nonlinear effects in aeroelastic parameter identification based on experimental tiltrotor data and provide insights into tiltrotor nonlinear dynamics.
Ambient light reflecting off internal components of the car, specifically the Head-Up Display (HUD), creates unwanted reflections on the Windshield. These reflections can obscure the driver's field of view, potentially compromising safety and reducing visual comfort. The extent of this obscuration is influenced by geometrical factors such as the angle of the HUD and the curvature of the Windshield, which need to be analyzed and managed. The primary motivation is to improve driver safety and visual comfort. This is driven by the need to address the negative impact of ambient light reflecting off Head-Up Displays (HUDs), which can impair visibility through the Windshield. There is a need for tools and methods to address this issue proactively during the vehicle design phase. This study employs a tool-based modeling method to trace the pathways of ambient light from its source, reflecting off the HUD, and onto the Windshield using a dimensional modeling tool. It focuses on: Geometrical surfaces (specifically HUD angle and Windshield curvature) Modeling the pathways of ambient light from its source, reflecting off the HUD, and onto the Windshield using the dimensional modeling tool Measuring and analyzing the resulting areas of reflection caused within the driver's field of view. The method aims to evaluate the extent of disruption or obscuration within the driver's field of view caused by the reflections in millions of vehicles.
In view of the complexity of railway engineering structure, the systematicness of professional collaboration and the high reliability of operation safety, this paper studied the spatial-temporal information data organization model with all elements in whole domain for Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway from the aspect of Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway spatial-temporal information security. Taking the unique spatial-temporal benchmark as the main line, the paper associated different spatial-temporal information to form an efficient organization model of Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway spatial-temporal information with all elements in the whole domain, so as to implement the effective organization of massive spatial-temporal information in various specialties and fields of Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway; By using GIS (Geographic Information System) visualization technology, spatial analysis technology and big data real-time dynamic rendering technology, it was realized the real-time dynamic visualization display of different spatial-temporal information and organization relationship of Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway, which provided auxiliary decision-making and spatial information technology support for independent prediction and early warning of Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway operation safety situation.
ACT Expo 2025 had a fleet of new commercial vehicle launches as well as displays for models already on the market. One such existing chassis was the Workhorse W56, an electric step van designed for Class 5/6 last-mile delivery. Unlike many of its competitors, Workhorse did not set out to be a technological leader with the W56. Rather, the company took the approach of leveraging the best of the currently available and applicable technologies to produce a durable, reliable and producible product that just happened to be powered by electrons.
Last summer, SAE Media was invited to Eaton's proving grounds in Marshall, Michigan, to test drive an electric truck the company had built in collaboration with BAE Systems. The truck was a showcase not only of BAE's powertrain control technology, but also of Eaton's new multi-speed heavy-duty EV transmission. That truck was on display at the 2025 ACT Expo, as was Eaton's transmission. SAE Media spoke with Scott Adams, SVP of technology and global products for Eaton, in Anaheim, California, about the company's portfolio of multi- and single-speed medium- and heavy-duty transmissions as well as other upcoming driveline offerings.
We present the flight testing and integration of the Microsoft HoloLens 2 as a head-worn display (HWD) in DLR's research helicopter. Building on its successful use in a helicopter simulator, initial flight tests confirmed its feasibility in a real helicopter. Current tests focused on system optimization, with head tracking identified as the critical component for hologram stability. Since the HoloLens' inside-out tracking fails in moving vehicles, it was fused with an external infrared tracker, automatically calibrated via an optimization approach adaptable to various trackers and mounting positions. A test pilot with HWD experience rated the system as fully functional, enabling the first successful experiments with holographic Mission Task Elements. Beyond the helicopter, the HoloLens was tested in a car and on a high-speed boat, where holograms remained spatially stable despite high-frequency movements, with a maximum low-frequency error of 0.6° in heading. Static errors depended solely on the external tracker's quality. These results demonstrate the HoloLens 2's potential for operational use in dynamic vehicle environments, enhancing immersion. Its mixed-reality features and adaptability proved particularly valuable for rapid research and development across platforms.
Piloted evaluations form a critical part of Handling Qualities (HQ) testing. Military rotorcraft standard ADS-33 outlines the widely accepted approach to perform HQ testing, including both methods to determine predicted and assigned HQs (Ref. 1). Recently, ADS-33 has been replaced with MIL-DTL-32742, which includes updates to previously defined criteria and tasks (Ref. 2). Assigned HQs are awarded using short-look tasks, so-called Mission Task Elements (MTEs), stylized to represent mission requirements. Test courses focus on external visual cues, used by the pilot to judge position. Setting up external courses is usually expensive and may not be feasibly possible. The MCRUER (Means of Compliance Requirements for UAM Evaluations and Ratings) system intends to support HQ evaluations, replacing physical test courses using virtual displays. Four MTEs were successfully demonstrated in flight by three pilots using a variable stability rotorcraft. HQ evaluations were performed both using physical courses (live) and the MCRUER virtual courses. Handling Qualities Ratings (HQRs) were found to be consistent across both live and virtual courses with identifiable trends. Differences observed between the two cueing environments are described. Overall, virtual displays were found to improve pilot adherence to task specifications, even exceeding live-courses for a specific tasks.
From your car’s navigation display to the screen you are reading this on, luminescent polymers — a class of flexible materials that contain light-emitting molecules — are used in a variety of today’s electronics. Luminescent polymers stand out for their light-emitting capability, coupled with their remarkable flexibility and stretchability, showcasing vast potential across diverse fields of application.
Despite its success, integrated photonics has been missing a key component to achieve complete miniaturization: high-performance chip-scale lasers. While some progress has been made on near-infrared lasers, the visible-light lasers that currently feed photonic chips are still benchtop and expensive. Since visible light is essential for a wide range of applications including quantum optics, displays, and bioimaging, there is a need for tunable and narrow-linewidth chip-scale lasers emitting light of different colors.
Sometimes, I cringe; sometimes, I just listen and wonder. These past few months have given us all a lot to think about in the automotive space, and it's clear now that the coming years will keep the foot down on the accelerator when it comes to the dramatic changes we've experienced this past decade. One thing that stood out to me in various recent conversations is that there's a widening gulf opening between Chinese automakers and the rest of the world. This isn't exactly news, and this column isn't meant to monger any fears. It's just a bit of off-the-cuff reporting that sheds a bit of light on the level of the challenges we face. As you can read in Chris Clonts' excellent report further in this issue about the warning that Voltaiq's CEO gave at The Battery Show this October, the U.S. is in serious danger of falling well behind Chinese competitors in the EV battery race (Michael Robinette tackles similar ground through a tariff lens in this month's Supplier Eye). But that message was obvious to anyone who meandered through the expo hall during the show. The spacious Huntington Place (neé Cobo Hall) was filled by more battery suppliers and tech companies than I could count (organizers said it was over 1,150), many with a Chinese connection. Those of us who remember the busy days when the Detroit Auto Show covered a similar footprint were astonished by the variety on display, and almost all of it was EV-focused. The Battery Show proved that there's good battery development work happening in North America and Europe, but it was hard to ignore just how present China and Chinese-related companies are in the electrification mission.
From televisions to smartphones, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are finding their way into many everyday devices. For use in displays, blue OLEDs are also required to supplement the primary colors — red and green. Especially in blue OLEDs, impurities give rise to strong electrical losses, which could be partly circumvented by using highly complex and expensive device layouts.
A unique wristwatch contains multiple modules, including a sensor array, a microfluidic chip, signal processing, and a data display system to monitor chemicals in human sweat. It can continuously and accurately monitor the levels of potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and calcium (Ca2+) ions.
Validation plays a crucial role in any Electronic Development process. This is true in the development of any automotive Electronic Control Unit (ECU) that utilizes the Automotive V process. From Research and Development (R&D) to End of Line (EOL), every automotive module goes through a plethora of Hardware (HW) and Software (SW) testing. This testing is tedious, time consuming, and inefficient. The purpose of this paper is to show a way to streamline validation in any part of the automotive V process using Python as a driving force to automate and control Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) / Model-in-the-loop (MIL) / Software-in-the-loop (SIL) validation. The paper will propose and outline a framework to control test equipment, such as power supplies and oscilloscopes, load boxes, and external HW. The framework includes the ability to control CAN communication signals and messages. A visual Graphical User Interface (GUI) has also been created to provide simplified operation to the user without knowledge of the backend. This provides a user-friendly display to synchronize multiple SW and HW toolsets together. The proposed methodology creates an efficient automation suite that can be tailored to any type of validation. The GUI provides portability, diversity, and simplicity, which allows for a streamline and efficient process for validation. The paper will refer to user cases to demonstrate the process and setup to perform functionality followed by the conclusion.
A research team led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has developed “supramolecular ink,” a new technology for use in OLED (organic light-emitting diode) displays or other electronic devices. Made of inexpensive, Earth-abundant elements instead of costly scarce metals, supramolecular ink could enable more affordable and environmentally sustainable flat-panel screens and electronic devices.
Robots and cameras of the future could be made of liquid crystals, thanks to a new discovery that significantly expands the potential of the chemicals already common in computer displays and digital watches. The findings are a simple and inexpensive way to manipulate the molecular properties of liquid crystals with light exposure.
Imagine a thin, digital display so flexible that you can wrap it around your wrist, fold it in any direction, or even curve it over your car’s steering wheel. Well, imagine no more — researchers at the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) at the University of Chicago have designed such a material; it can even bend in half or stretch to more than twice its original length — and still emit a fluorescent pattern.
Researchers have designed a thin, digital display that can bend in half or stretch to more than twice its original length while still emitting a fluorescent pattern. The material has a wide range of applications, from wearable electronics and health sensors to foldable computer screens.
More pixels! This is a major trend in the display industry. The benefits of 8K or higher resolution TVs may be debatable. For eye catching applications such as AR/VR glasses, more and therefore smaller pixels are required for technical feasibility. Screen door effects and pixel inhomogeneities are easily visible and disturbing for the user on displays that sit closely to the viewer’s eye. μ-LEDs are considered an innovative technology for very high resolutions with pixel sizes of less than 10 μm and equally small pixel pitches. In general, they have the potential to be a groundbreaking display technology – provided production challenges can be solved. Just like OLED displays, μ-LEDs are an emissive display technology, i.e., each single subpixel is in itself a light source. Luminance and color variations between the individual pixels are likely. As this strongly influences the visual quality of the displays, a quality control and calibration of the displays is necessary not only in the laboratory, but especially in the production lines. The race for very high resolutions thus places increased demands not only on display manufacturers, but also on the suppliers of light measurement technology.
Mercury Systems, Inc. Andover, MA 978-256-1300
The startup plans to apply lessons learned in Europe to the U.S. market, bringing a “small fleet” of electric trucks for potential customers by the end of the year. Volta Trucks has been operating its all-electric Volta Zero delivery trucks in Europe for three years. Now, the map is expanding. Fleet operators soon will be able to get behind the wheel of a Class 6 or 7 Zero in the U.S., adding to a growing list of electric options for moving freight. Volta displayed a Zero at the 2023 Advanced Clean Transportation (ACT) Expo in Anaheim, California, in May as a sort of ambassador. Volta will tour this truck around the U.S. for a few months before bringing over a “small fleet” for potential customers to test out and perhaps integrate into their operations before the end of the year, according to Volta Trucks CEO Essa Al-Saleh. It's all part of a dramatic shift towards electrification throughout the industry, he said.
An international team of scientists is developing an inkable nanomaterial that they say could one day become a spray-on electronic component for ultra-thin, lightweight, and bendable displays and devices.
Operating beyond the visible light spectrum, forward-looking infrared (FLIR) cameras use a thermographic imager (camera) that senses infrared radiation, or heat signatures. Advanced FLIR thermal imaging systems capture and display infrared wavelengths that are radiating energy. Infrared thermography consists of three specific wavelengths, including short-wave infrared (SWIR), midwave infrared (MWIR), and long wavelength infrared (LWIR). MWIR imaging cameras have long been the preferred solution for clear thermal imaging at distances greater than one kilometer (km) for defense, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), counter-UAS, security, and other long-range surveillance applications. To meet these imaging requirements, advanced MWIR camera systems are commonly integrated with infrared telescopes that feature a continuous zoom (CZ) lens assembly. Developing custom cameras and CZ lenses can be costly in terms of time and resources, and it can become complicated.
An ultrathin display for holographic images consists of a thin film of titanium filled with tiny holes that precisely correspond with each pixel in a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. This film acts as a “photon sieve” — each pinhole widely diffracts light emerging from them, resulting in a high-definition 3D image observable from a wide angle.
ABSTRACT As U.S. Army leadership continues to invest in novel technological systems to give warfighters a decisive edge for mounted and dismounted operations, the Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) and other similar systems are in the spotlight. Continuing to put capable systems that integrate fighting, rehearsing, and training operations into the hands of warfighters will be a key delineator for the future force to achieve and maintain overmatch in an all-domain operational environment populated by near-peer threats. The utility and effectiveness of these new systems will depend on the degree to which the capabilities and limitations of humans are considered in context during development and testing. This manuscript will survey how formal and informal Human Systems Integration planning can positively impact system development and will describe a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) case study.
Used in products ranging from brake lights to billboards, LEDs are ideal components for backlighting and displays in electronic devices because they are lightweight, thin, energy-efficient, and visible in different types of lighting. Micro LEDs, which can be as small as 2 micrometers and bundled to be any size, provide higher resolution than other LEDs. Their size makes them a good fit for small devices such as smartwatches but they can be bundled to work in flat-screen TVs and other larger displays. LEDs of all sizes, however, are brittle and typically can only be used on flat surfaces.
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