Browse Topic: Consoles

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Chinese Drivers’ Preference for In-Vehicle Information Display: Insights from a Large-Scale Online Survey12-09-03-00202/20/2026
Integrating intelligent and connected technologies in vehicles has significantly enriched the information environment for drivers, aiding them in making comprehensive driving decisions. However, inadequate information display may lead drivers to miss crucial information or increase their cognitive load, thereby affecting driving safety and user experience. It is essential to study drivers’ preferences for in-vehicle information display, the factors influencing these preferences, and to present information through appropriate modalities and carriers. Drawing on 695 valid questionnaire responses, this study investigates drivers’ preferences for recommendatory, explanatory, alerting, and warning information across three display modalities and six display carriers. A multivariate ordered probability model was further developed to examine the influence of user characteristics on these preferences. The results showed that drivers preferred visual cues over auditory ones, with a selection frequency that was 5.253 times higher (p < 0.001). Additionally, auditory cues were preferred 3.265 times more than tactile cues (p < 0.001). In terms of the interface, drivers favored the center console, which was preferred 1.058 times more than dashboard (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the HUD was found to be significantly better than steering wheel vibrations, being preferred 2.899 times more (p < 0.001). The study found that the choice of message type influences user preferences. Warning messages had a visual choice preference that was 1.669% higher than that for alert messages (p = 0.042). Additionally, auditory choices for alert messages were significantly enhanced, being 11.079% higher than regular messages (p < 0.001). User characteristics also played a significant role in these preferences. Women showed a lower preference for visual messages compared to men, with a ratio of 0.62 (p < 0.05). Senior drivers were less likely to choose visual dashboards, with the likelihood decreasing to 0.82 for each age group (p = 0.017). Furthermore, individuals with higher levels of education showed a preference for auditory messages, with the preference increasing to 1.23 for each education stratum (p < 0.05). The findings provide theoretical support for selecting appropriate modalities and carriers in in-vehicle information displays, particularly for tailoring displays to various information types and user groups.
He, Gang, Diao, Kai, Luo, Longfei, Xie, Bingjun, Zhong, Yixin, Qi, Jianping
Data-Driven Machine Learning Approach for Rattle Risk Mitigation2025-01-01265/5/2025
In the modern automotive industry, squeak and rattle issues are critical factors affecting vehicle perceived quality and customer satisfaction. Traditional approaches to predicting and mitigating these problems heavily rely on physical testing and simulation technologies, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, especially for larger models. In this study, a data-driven machine learning approach was proposed to mitigate rattle risks more efficiently. This study evaluated a floor console model using the traditional simulation-based E-line method to pinpoint high-risk areas. Data generation is performed by varying material properties, thickness, and flexible connection stiffness using the Hammersley sampling algorithm, creating a diverse and comprehensive dataset for generating a machine learning (ML) model. Utilizing the dataset, the top contributing variables were identified for training the ML models. Various machine-learning models were developed and evaluated, and the best-performing model was selected based on accuracy and generalizability. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was employed to optimize the system further, in conjunction with the selected ML model to determine the optimal set of design parameters for rattle mitigation. The optimal operating parameters were validated with simulation results confirming the model's reliability. This optimization process significantly outperformed traditional methods, yielding a time gain of 92 times compared to the solver-based optimization approach with a similar level of accuracy. The proposed methodology reduces computational time and provides a robust framework for efficiently mitigating rattle risks, highlighting the potential of machine learning and data-driven optimization in engineering applications.
Parmar, Azan, Rao, Sohan, Reddy, Hari Krishna
Optimization of Console Armrest Design for Reduction of G-Values in Head Impact Testing2024-28-021212/5/2024
Head injuries from interior impacts during vehicle accidents are a significant cause of fatalities in India. Data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2023 reveals that approximately 15% of the total 150,000 road fatalities were due to head impacts on vehicle interiors, resulting in about 22,500 deaths. Thus, head impact protection in a car crash is key during the design of vehicle interiors. IS 15223 and ECE-R21 provide specific guidelines for head impact testing of instrument panels and consoles in vehicles to ensure compliance with safety standards and minimize the risk of head injury during collisions. By systematically addressing each aspect of IS 15223 and ECE- R21 in the design, testing, and documentation phases, manufacturers can ensure that console armrests are optimized for safety. This approach not only helps meet regulatory standards but also enhances overall occupant protection in vehicles during collisions. The objective of this paper is to design a console armrest that meets stringent head impact testing requirements and thereby enhances occupant safety in automotive applications. The research focuses on optimizing the armrest’s structural integrity to withstand dynamic loads and to transfer or dissipate that impact energy effectively.
Malhotra, Deepak, Vaishnav, Suresh, Sureshkumar Presannakumari, Rajasilpi, Mangal, Gautam, Keshri, Amit
Compatibility Between Vehicle Seating Environments and Load Legs on Child Restraint Systems (CRS)2024-01-27514/9/2024
Load legs on child restraint systems (CRS) protect pediatric occupants by bracing the CRS against the floor of the vehicle. Load legs reduce forward motion and help manage the energy of the CRS during a crash. As more CRS manufacturers in the United States (US) consider incorporating these safety features into their products, benchmark data are needed to guide their design and usage. The objective of this study is to develop benchmark geometrical data from both CRS and vehicle environments to help manufacturers to incorporate compatible load legs into the US market. A sample of vehicle environments (n=104 seating positions from n=51 vehicles, model years 2015 to 2022) and CRS with load legs (n=10) were surveyed. Relevant measurements were taken from each sample set to compile benchmark datasets. Corresponding dimensions were compared to assess where incompatibilities might occur. Additionally, three CRS models with load legs were installed into 42 vehicle seating positions each (n=126 installations) to document physical incompatibilities. When comparing second row outboard seating positions to second row center seating positions, seat cushion angles were significantly steeper (14.5° vs. 12.7°, respectively, p=0.0299), seat cushion lengths were significantly longer (45.1 vs. 42.9 cm, respectively, p=0.0028), and the heights of the seat cushions were higher from the floor (37.4 vs. 29.3 cm, respectively, p<0.0001). Seat cushion heights from the floor did not appear to vary by vehicle size class, but sedans had significantly shorter seat cushion heights in the center position compared to other vehicle types (minivans, trucks, SUV/CUVs). Of the physical installations completed, n=4 in center positions had load legs which were too long to accommodate large drivetrain tunnels on the floor (i.e., the load leg could not be shortened far enough to allow a flush installation against the seat cushion). Interference occurred between the load leg and front center console in n=3 installations. Most load leg incompatibilities appear to occur in the second row center or third row seating positions.
Mansfield, Julie
ES2re, WS50M, and Human Body Models in Far-Side Pole Impacts2023-01-05584/11/2023
Driver oblique far-side sled impacts were simulated with three surrogates. The EuroSID side impact dummy with rib extension (ES2re), the WorldSID side impact 50th percentile male dummy (WS50M), and the Global Human Body Modeling Consortium’s 50th percentile male human body (GHBM) models. The versions of the surrogates’ models were 7.0, 7.5.1, and 5.0, respectively. Surrogates were seated in the front left driver seat in a virtual generic crossover sled environment. The Finite Element (FE) based environment consisted of a driver seat, a center console, and a passenger seat. Two restraint systems were considered for each surrogate: belt only (BO) and belt plus a generic seat-mounted far-side impact airbag (BB). Surrogates were restrained using a 3-point belt that has a digressive shoulder force load limiter, and retractor, and anchor pretensioners. The far-side airbag used was a 37-liter in volume and has two chambers. Surrogate head excursions and injury indices for each surrogate were compared. The WS50M kinematics were closer to the GHBM than those of the ES2re. The WS50M predicted 4.7 and 0.5% probability of AIS3+ neck injuries in the BO and BB, respectively. ES2re predicted 48 and 30% probability of AIS3+ thoracic injuries, respectively. Whereas the WS50M predicted 0.5 and 0.0%, respectively. The GHBM had 12 fractures in 8 ribs and no fracture, respectively.
El-Jawahri, Raed E.
Analytical Method to Predict Floor Console Lid Latch Rattle Acoustic Noise2023-01-08734/11/2023
This paper is a continuation of previously published technical paper SAE 2022-01-0314. The preceding work described an analytical methodology to predict the vehicle interior trim squeak and rattle issues upfront in the design cycle using a “relative displacement” or “contact force” metric; the methodology was implemented on the center floor console armrest latch using a linear finite element model. The work is logically extended to predict the squeak and rattle issues quantitatively using now an “acoustic noise” metric, this enables a direct comparison with the physical test results and helps to further refine the design best practices. This approach combines Finite Element Method (FEM) and Boundary Element Method (BEM) to estimate structural vibration response and acoustic sound pressure respectively. This analysis process encompasses steps such as 1) conversion of frequency domain random input excitation to time series data, 2) estimating non-linear time domain structural response, 3) estimating acoustic radiation using the boundary element method and 4) generating sound metrics in terms of Zwicker loudness. The physics of latch impact phenomenon at the contact interface resulting from road excitation which acts as a secondary excitation source and capable of exciting the higher frequency resonance modes of adjacent panels were captured in the analytical model. Though the resulting radiated acoustic noise due to panel vibration is broadband in nature, but a standard vibro-acoustic method was employed to demonstrate the correlation of analytical result with the experimental data in low and mid frequency range. This analytical method was successfully implemented on the center floor console NVH performance analysis and validated by using numerical simulations for accuracy.
Behera, Dhiren, Jadhav, Vishal, Patel, Lala Ram, Lopez Uribe, Carlos, Auten, Julie
Loss function curve to quantify customer (dis)satisfaction for glove box volume2022-36-00032/10/2023
During the early phase of vehicle development, one of the key design attributes to consider are the interior storages for occupants. Internal storage is the pillar that is responsible for user’s comfort and make into customer comfort needs in engineer metrics. Therefore, it is one of the key requirements to be considered during the vehicle design. The vehicle has some interior storages, like storages on door trim, floor console and IP and to define the best solution for the customer, engineering team has certain internal vehicle characteristics such as the volume and size of storage are engineer metrics that influence the perception of comfort for occupants. One specific characteristic influencing satisfaction is the glove box volume, which is the subject of this paper. The objective of this project is to analyze the relationship between the glove box volume with the occupant’s satisfaction under real world driving conditions, based on research, statistical data analysis and dynamic clinics.
Cardoso Santos, Alex, Genaro, Piero, Terra, Rafael, Pádua, Antônio, Zapiello, Gabriel, Rossini, Rafael, Benevente, Rodrigo
A Trend Line Analysis of the Insertion Loss Test Data and Application to Sound Transmission Loss Simulation2022-01-09596/15/2022
In this paper, an application process is studied at which the insertion loss (IL) test data of sound insulating parts or noise control treatments are utilized for the sound transmission loss (STL) simulation of the trimmed dash structure. The considered sound barrier assemblies were composed of a felt layer, a mass layer, and a decoupler layer. Flat samples of sound barrier assemblies with several different thicknesses were prepared, and ILs of them were measured by using a sound transmission loss facility. Flat samples were assumed to have mass-spring-mass resonance frequencies. The mass was set as the area mass of the sound barrier layer of the felt layer and the mass layer. The spring constant of the decoupler layer was assumed as the multiplication of that of an air spring and a spring correction factor. At the beginning, the spring correction factor was assumed to be 1, and the measured IL data vs frequencies are converted to IL data vs frequency ratios, frequency f over the resonance frequency fres. With the converted IL data, a trend line was analyzed below the frequency ratio of 1, and another trend line also analyzed above the frequency ratio of 1. It was assumed that the two trend lines had to be similarly matched at the frequency ratio of 1, and the spring correction factor was found by varying the spring correction factor and observing the values of the two trend lines. After the spring correction factor was decided, the high frequency drop curve of the barrier layer were decided. By using the estimated spring correction factor and the high frequency drop curve, IL data were calculated at each thickness, which were necessary for sound transmission loss simulation. The calculated IL data were applied to the STL simulation of a trimmed dash structure, and the simulated STL of the trimmed structure and IL of dash isolation pad (dashmat) are fairly acceptable compared to the test values.
Chae, Ki-Sang, Kim, Hyunwoo, Lee, Jaeyong, Lee, Jin-Hyung, Seo, Jaejoon
Development of a Built-In Type Dashboard Camera with Reliability and Usability2022-01-01113/29/2022
Dashcam, which is considered essential parts of vehicles in Korea, are installed in most vehicles for proofs of accidents or threatened driving of other vehicles, and insurance premiums. Also global market is growing continuously. Aftermarket dashcams have been developed with many improvements such as higher resolution camera and a LCD, however still have technical limitations in usability and durability. The First limitation is that the dashcam which mounted on windshield can be separated and injure at an accident due to a collision impact, and the device obstructs the driver's vision. In addition, the connection of the power supply may cause a vehicle damages such as a fire due to a worker's mistake or a product defect. Secondly, in order to replay the recorded video, it is not easy to remove the SD card and check it on the computer. Moreover, since the LCD is so small, it is difficult to search and replay the wanted video from the list in many files. The third limitation is about durability and reliability, when operating in the high temperature condition, the device's own operating temperature limitation and product heat dissipation efficiency such as semiconductors are not sufficient, so that the device cannot operate or have physical damages. For this reason, it automatically shuts down at high temperatures to prevent damages. The Next, the micro SD card storage memory should be formatted by the customer at regular intervals and should be replaced regularly because of the low-durability. In addition, the terminal contact characteristic of the SD card is very weak to vibration, so if a big accent occurs, the recorded videos are often not properly saved due to a poor connection. Lastly, according to using vehicle’s battery for the parking recording, the battery can be completely discharged and the durability is degraded. This paper introduces the development of a built-in type dashcam with reliability and usability that can operate vehicle operation environment. The dashcam was launched under the brand name 'Built-in Cam’ applied to mass production starting with the SONATA model in 2019. Now over than 20 car model of Hyundai, Kia and Genesis brands had equipped Built-in cam in South Korea and Russia.
Jeong, DongHyuk, Ahn, Hyung Ki
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of a Center-Mounted Airbag in Reducing Occupant Excursion and Injury Potential in High-Speed Lateral Impacts2022-01-08433/29/2022
A substantial percentage of serious and fatal injuries sustained by motor vehicle occupants occur in lateral impact collisions, and approximately one third of these injuries involve a far-side occupant. A center airbag, deploying inboard of the front seat occupants, has been integrated into certain vehicles to reduce far-side occupant excursion, to limit occupant interactions with the vehicle interior and/or another occupant, and to reduce occupant loading and injury potential. A series of sled tests was conducted to better understand the efficacy and limitations of a center airbag under a variety of high-speed lateral impact conditions in an environment outside of the production design. A production-level driver’s seat equipped with a seat-mounted center airbag was installed onto an open-air sled. A 50th percentile male SID H-3 was placed in the seat and restrained by a three-point seat belt equipped with retractor and buckle pretensioners. Vehicle PDOF, occupant position, and occupant compartment geometry were varied such that the influence of these factors on center airbag effectiveness could be evaluated. Tests were performed with and without a center airbag at 34.5 kph delta-V to evaluate occupant kinematics and kinetics. The reduction in lateral occupant excursion was most pronounced for the 90° PDOF impact with a nominally-seated occupant and a rigid center console. Testing further demonstrated that the effect of the rigid center console in reducing occupant excursion was more pronounced than the effect of the center airbag. Lateral excursion for an out-of-position occupant was effectively the same with and without center airbag deployment. While the center airbag has been shown to reduce excursion and injury potential within a specific production environment and for certain crash conditions, the results of this testing indicate that the benefit may not be universally extrapolated to all vehicle geometries or additional real-world crash conditions.
Rapp van Roden, Elizabeth, Crosby, Charles, Mortensen, Jonathan, Rodowicz, Kathleen
Analytical Method for Console Lid Latch Squeak and Rattle Risk Assessment and Validation2022-01-03143/29/2022
Squeak and Rattle (S&R) noise in automotive vehicle components is a direct measure of vehicle build quality. With the recent advances in electric propulsion technology the cabin interior has become even more quieter, but S&R remains one of the main noise issues inside the cabin. Consumer surveys such as by J D Power shows that instrument panel, floor console and glove box latch mechanism are some of the most prominent sources of vehicle interior noise. The commonly used design for console lid latch consists of latch pawl preloaded against the console bin in closed condition. The goal of design is to optimize the preload such that the latch remains in contact with the bin under all operating conditions. But inadequate design, poor manufacturing quality control and material degradation causes the loss of preload. Hence, S&R noise emerges due to friction or impact between the parts which induces undesirable vibration and noise. It is challenging to design systems free of S&R, but analytical simulation can be leveraged to identify and minimize the risk of S&R at the early stage of design before physical parts available. The current work depicts the development of an analytical simulation procedure which proposes a force-based S&R threshold to identify the S&R risk and optimize the design parameters. It encompasses the methodology to develop a high-fidelity finite element model with accurate representation of the input design parameters and modal transient dynamic analysis to predict the response. A non-linear direct transient dynamic analysis procedure was used to validate the linear analysis result to reinforce the accuracy of simulation. This simulation procedure is aimed to provide useful design suggestions and refinement to improve the S&R performance for the console latch and similar systems, to enforce stringent manufacturing quality controls and reduce cost incurred due to late design changes.
Behera, Dhiren, Patel, Lala Ram, Aluru, Phani, Lopez Uribe, Carlos
H-Point Machine (HPM-II) Specifications and Procedure for H-Point Determination - Auditing Vehicle SeatsJ4002_202202 (Current)2/16/2022
This SAE Standard provides the specifications and procedures for using the H-point machine (HPM1) to audit vehicle seating positions. The HPM is a physical tool used to establish key reference points and measurements in a vehicle (see Figure 1 and Appendix A). The H-point design tool (HPD) is a simplified CAD2 version of the HPM, which can be used in conjunction with the HPM to take the optional measurements specified in this document, or used independently during product design (see Appendix D). These H-point devices provide a method for reliable layout and measurement of occupant seating compartments and/or seats. This document specifies the procedures for installing the H-point machine (HPM) and using the HPM to audit (verify) key reference points and measurements in a vehicle. The devices are intended for application at designated seating positions. They are not to be construed as tools that measure or indicate occupant capabilities or comfort. They are not intended for use in defining or assessing temporary seating, such as folding jump seats.
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The Effect of Change in Assembly Sequence on Permanent Strain of Cab Suspension Console02-13-02-00118/20/2020
Heavy commercial vehicles play an important role in creating the trade and economic balance of countries. Also, the durability and safety of heavy commercial vehicles come to the fore. Heavy commercial vehicles consist of two parts. These are the chassis area with the equipment that allows the vehicle to move and the cabin section where the driver is located. The cabin area is the most important area that ensures the highest level of driver safety. Considering that the production of trucks is increasing day by day, it is inevitable for companies to increase their R&D activities in the field of cabin and cabin suspension systems for much safer, durable, and comfortable trucks. This study aims to determine the safe torque value of the fasteners and their assembly sequence of the Cab Suspension Console, which is one of the most important connection parts in a truck and which can cause a fatal accident by breaking. In this study, the safe torque value of the fasteners of the cabin suspension console has been determined as 180 ± 15 Nm/180 ± 10 Grad for the outer fasteners and 225 ± 18 Nm/180 ± 10 Grad for the inner fasteners. In addition, two different assembly sequences are determined and permanent strains on the part are measured. At the end of the assembly test, permanent strains on the part and other factors affecting the strain are simulated. According to the results obtained, the assembly sequence with a low permanent strain value is chosen and commissioned in production.
Yildirim, Bariscan, Öztürk, Dogan
WHAT WE'RE DRIVING20AUTP08_077/1/2020
Before I started a drive in the 2020 Mazda3, I had to toggle the drive-select to “sport.” And release the parking brake. Each and every time. At least the two switches are in proximity on the center console. But this annoyance mars the generally good experience of the Mazda3 (all-new in 2019) and once again suggests it's a refreshing but occasionally cockeyed prism through which Mazda engineers and planners view the world.
Optimization of Center Console Duct Using Robust Assessment Methodology2018-01-00724/3/2018
The thermal comfort for the passenger inside the cabin is maintained by the HVAC system. To ensure a comfort for the 2nd row passengers in the cabin, it is very essential to design an efficient HVAC and rear console duct system which can deliver sufficient airflow with less pressure drop. The primary focus of the study is to assess existing airflow of the center console duct using CFD and propose improvement in its duct shape to meet the passenger comfort sitting in the rear seat. In this study, the vehicle cabin model, HVAC system and duct design was modeled using the design software UG. To analyze and estimate the behavior of the air flow of the system, a steady state simulation was performed using STAR CCM CFD software. The performance of the console duct system is judged by parameters like distribution of airflow, velocity at console duct outlet, pressure drop through the duct and the uniformity of the air flow at the passenger locations. Robust assessment methodology is followed for optimization of console duct to reduce the simulation iterations and arrive at the combination of appropriate design factors which influences the airflow, pressure drop within the duct and velocity at second row passenger locations within the short span of time. The impacts of each design factors on the output results have been analyzed extensively and best combination of design factors have been found out quickly through this methodology. Robust assessment methodology significantly aids in reducing the CFD simulation iterations by 40% and much faster than conventional optimization process. Vehicle testing was carried out for the existing and optimized console duct design to measure the improvement in airflow and velocity at passenger locations. There is a good correlation agreement between simulation and test results for the optimized design within the error of 10%. This methodology is very useful in reducing the number of prototypes, minimize the testing cost and reduce the simulation iterations during design and development stages of the program.
Vasanth, B., Khan, Mohsin, S, Sathish Kumar, Garikipati, Nagababu, NARAYANA, Sathya, Govindarajalu, Murali
Simulation Driven Optimization of Automotive Floor Console Mounting Brackets – An Overview2018-01-10204/3/2018
Floor consoles or Center consoles are an indispensable part of Automotive Cockpit systems in modern passenger vehicles. It occupies space between the front seats in the car and has a lot of utilities and functionalities. The center console design can be very simple as just providing an enclosure for the gear shifter and parking brake and as complex as having storage bins with armrest which can slide. Now-a-days a lot of functionalities are being provided by the center console such as housing the AC vents at the rear, provision for USB and power outlets etc. All these utilities within the center console demand a certain amount of structural rigidity to meet the functional requirements as well as applicable regulatory requirements. The console mounting bracket usually serves to attach the plastic center console to the steel underbody. It also acts as a load carrier for the console and its design influences the overall stiffness and modal characteristics of the console system. In this paper, two different CAE optimization strategies are applied to two variants of console for a passenger minivan application. For one console model, topology optimization strategy is applied to optimize the material on its mounting bracket. In the other console model, which is relatively complex, topography optimization strategy is applied to its mounting bracket for meeting the functional requirements of the console assembly. The critical functional requirements are validated through CAE techniques and correlation with physical test for one of the variants is highlighted in this paper.
Taruvai Sankaran, Raghuraman, S, Arunkumar, Arunachalam, Muthukumar, Gudla, harinadh
The Impact of Microphone Location and Beamforming on In-Vehicle Speech Recognition2017-01-16923/28/2017
This paper describes two case studies in which multiple microphone processing (beamforming) and microphone location were evaluated to determine their impact on improving embedded automatic speech recognition (ASR) in a vehicle hands-free environment. While each of these case studies was performed using slightly different evaluation set-ups, some specific and general conclusions can be drawn to help guide engineers in selecting the proper microphone location and configuration in a vehicle for the improvement of ASR. There were some outcomes that were common to both dual microphone solutions. When considering both solutions, neither was equally effective across all background noise sources. Both systems appear to be far more effective for noise conditions in which higher frequency energy is present, such as that due to high levels of wind noise and/or HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) blower noise. Microphone location was also shown to have a substantial effect on the performance of the ASR system. The results from both studies showed that simply moving a single microphone from the overhead console (OHC) to the sun visor near the driver can provide a great benefit in ASR performance without the cost of multiple beamforming microphones. For the sole purposes of speech enhancement of the driver, it is recommended that moving a single microphone from the OHC to the driver’s sun visor position be performed before additional microphones are added. However, beamforming could provide a role if the desire is to include other occupants in a voice session. For instance, a centrally located beamformer could be steered toward the vehicle occupant wishing to issue a voice command. Ultimately, a user-case strategy of the voice control application will determine the microphone configuration and location(s).
Amman, Scott, Huber, John, Charette, Francois, richardson, Brigitte, Wheeler, Joshua
Gaming Camera Aids MS TreatmentTBMG-2553110/1/2016
A device commonly found in living rooms around the world could be an inexpensive and effective means of evaluating the walking difficulties of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The Microsoft Kinect is a 3D depth-sensing camera used in interactive video activities such as tennis and dancing. It can be hooked up to an Xbox gaming console or a Windows computer.
'Pop-Up' Sensors Support Robotic SurgeryTBMG-234401/1/2016
As complex robots replace hand-held scalpels, an increasing number of today's surgeries are being performed from behind a computer console. Researchers at Harvard University's John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering have built low-cost, millimeter-scale force sensors that can be used on the medical robotic tools as they snake through hard-to-reach areas of the body.
Stiffness Simulation Techniques and Test Correlations in Automotive Interior Cockpit Systems (IP, Door Trim and Floor Console Assembly)2014-01-10254/1/2014
An automotive cockpit module is a complex assembly, which consists of components and sub-systems. The critical systems in the cockpit module are the instrument panel (IP), the floor console, and door trim assemblies, which consist of many plastic trims. Stiffness is one of the most important parameters for the plastic trims' design, and it should be optimum to meet all the three functional requirements of safety, vibration and durability. This paper presents how the CAE application and various other techniques are used efficiently to predict the stiffness, and the strength of automotive cockpit systems, which will reduce the product development cycle time and cost. The implicit solver is used for the most of the stiffness analysis, and the explicit techniques are used in highly non-linear situations. This paper also shows the correlations of the CAE results and the physical test results, which will give more confidence in product design and reduce the cost of prototype testing.
K Billal, Mohammed, Subramani, Vinothkumar, Rao, Mohan, Potok, Tim
Automobile Speedometer Reading Recognition for Automated Testing2014-01-07794/1/2014
Automated testing of manufactured products reduces the lead time to considerable extent in the process of production to delivery. Products like automobiles demand automated testing, for which robots and vision systems are widely employed. The basic functionality of a vision system in automation is to detect an object and then recognize it. In current automotive industry such systems are being used for robotic guidance, component tracking, dimensional gauging etc. There is a need to test the proper functionality of a speedometer fitted on a motorbike in the production line itself. Focused work on detection and recognition of Analog type and Digital type speedometer console reading of a motorbike is described in this paper. A vision based system is proposed which recognizes the speedometer reading instantaneously at the desired time. Image binarization, connected component analysis combined with character recognition algorithms are used to achieve the desired recognition, which resulted in reduced lead time hence contributing to lean manufacturing
Chippa, Sunil Kumar, Srinivasaiah, Bhavani, Dhinagar, Samraj Jabez
VoIP Technology Enables Flight Center UpgradeTBMG-191052/1/2014
Quintron Systems will upgrade NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) technology as it expands to IPbased mission command voice. To prevent expensive and difficult reconfiguration of the mission control room consoles, a new user station design allows direct-fit replacement of the existing, older DICES stations in use for many years. In addition, the use of three touchscreen panels will improve user features inherent in the DICES VoIP system architecture. Inclusion of appropriate circuitry and connectors will also allow DFRC to re-use existing high-investment legacy headsets.
Kinect Engineering with Learning (KEWL)TBMG-172559/1/2013
According to a Nielsen survey at the time of this reporting, 41% of all households have a game console. This is one market in which NASA has been absent from education and outreach efforts. Kinect Engineering with Learning (KEWL) is made to enter into that market and bring NASA education and outreach to a very familiar venue. KEWL creates an education and outreach experience that is more participatory, both in a school and museum environment.
Driving The Future of LCD BacklightingTBMG-164945/1/2013
One of the most pervasive challenges in the world today is increasing energy efficiency. The consumer electronics industry is evolving towards higher efficiency due to newer and stricter energy standards as well as consumer awareness. The demand for higher efficiency drives innovative companies to develop technology with smarter power management. One of the fastest growing areas is in display backlighting. Whether it is in mobile phones, MP3 players, portable gaming consoles or GPS systems, the light source behind LCD screens helps bring the colors to life. Powering these screens, like so many engineering challenges, comes in various solutions depending on the specific application. In the portable display backlighting market, a newer and smarter solution will revolutionize the way LCD screens are lit.
Development and Validation of Utility Matrix for Automotive Interiors in Real World Usage2009-26-00721/21/2009
As the real world usage profile of customers is becoming increasingly dynamic the need for more utility features in interior parts of vehicle has increased. The main purpose of the study is to analyze how the changing customer style actually influences the volume requirement of the utility spaces i.e. at the glove box, console door pocket etc. In the present study, an exhaustive list of utilities, and a utility matrix based on the user characteristics for automotive interiors is developed. Based on customer reviews on the web and expert opinions, seven user profiles were defined. The selection matrix is arrived at by using the usability index, accessibility index and the disbursement index. The matrix is evaluated using statistical methods and validated for real world usage. The selection matrix is used to identify relatively important utility features and preferred locations in automotive interior parts.
Rajamohan, B. K., Partha, Siddharth, Sathish Baba, S.
Globalization is in the driver's seatAUTOMAY07_055/1/2007
Johnson Controls is positioned to supply everything from single components to complete interiors wherever in the world it is needed. The automotive industry's sales are increasingly distributed to markets all over the world, and at the same time, the engineering talent needed to design components for those cars is also globally distributed, remarked Charles Baker, Group Vice President for Engineering in Johnson Controls' Automotive Experience division. That scenario means that suppliers such as JCI are also increasingly spread over the globe, supporting customers as they move into new markets, tapping local talent to develop products for those markets, and enjoying the flexibility to let engineering resources in one region support others when they are overloaded.
Carney, Dan
H-Point Machine (HPM-II)—Procedure for H-Point Determination—Benchmarking Vehicle SeatsJ4003_200508 (Historical)8/15/2005
Benchmarking is used to discover the design intent measurements for seating compartments in vehicles when these measurements are either unknown or are specified using differing measurement procedures. This document provides the specifications and procedures to establish consistent measurements for benchmarking vehicle seating positions using the H-Point Machine (HPM-II1) and H-Point Design tool (HPD) described in SAE J4002. The HPM-II is a physical tool used to establish key reference points and measurements in a vehicle (Figure 1). The HPD is a CAD tool that aids in the benchmarking process (see Annex A and SAE J4004).
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Positioning the H-Point Design Tool – Seating Reference Point and Seat Track LengthJ4004_200508 (Historical)8/11/2005
This SAE Recommended Practice describes how to position and posture the H-point design tool (HPD) described in Appendix B, and how to establish the seating reference point (SgRP), design H-point travel path, and other key reference points that are used in the design and specification of both driver and passenger seat positions. This practice also provides a method for determining the length of the seat track for a driver seat that adjusts fore/aft. The seat track length is based on a desired level of driver accommodation, assuming a U.S. population containing an equal number of male and female drivers. The procedure can be used to establish driver seat track accommodation for new vehicle designs or to evaluate accommodation in existing vehicles. A general method for determining driver seat track length for any driver population (male and female stature distribution) at any selected accommodation percentile and gender mix is given in Appendix A. Application of this Recommended Practice is limited to Class A Vehicles (Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, and Light Trucks) as defined in SAE J1100.
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
H-Point Machine (HPM-II) Specifications and Procedure for H-Point Determination—Auditing Vehicle SeatsJ4002_200508 (Historical)8/11/2005
This Standard provides the specifications and procedures for using the H-point machine (HPM1) to audit vehicle seating positions. The HPM is a physical tool used to establish key reference points and measurements in a vehicle (see Figure 1 and Appendix A). The H-point design tool (HPD) is a simplified CAD2 version of the HPM, which can be used in conjunction with the HPM to take the optional measurements specified in this document, or used independently during product design (see Appendix D). These H-point devices provide a method for reliable layout and measurement of occupant seating compartments and/or seats. This document specifies the procedures for using the H-point machine (HPM) to audit (verify) key reference points and measurements in a vehicle. The devices are intended for application at designated seating positions. They are not to be construed as tools that measure or indicate occupant capabilities or comfort. They are not intended for use in defining or assessing temporary seating, such as folding jump seats.
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Modeling Trend and Dispersion of Movements by an Alternative, Biokinematic Approach2004-01-21736/15/2004
Correct simulation of human movement behavior and its variability is one of the most challenging goals in Human Modeling. Likewise body shape and posture, dynamic properties of movements are essential for ergonomic workplace design. This paper presents an alternative approach, which is based on modeling empiric, kinematic measures rather than theoretical skeletal models. For this, experiments were carried out and the position of 15 anthropometric landmarks of subjects at a console workplace (e.g. air traffic controller) were captured, resulting into a total of 3.360 movements. Methods of Functional Data Analysis (FDA) were applied for a continuous analysis. It was found that a constant change of acceleration (or force) during the ballistic phase and a constant velocity during the goal-directed phase of the movement fits sufficiently for modeling position of effector (fingertip). For joint angles a constant change of acceleration during the whole movement was found to be sufficiently exact. Further FDA-Analyses hinted at an existing “general movement function” for the ballistic movement phase which is permanent and only modified in order to reach a specific target.
Alexander, Thomas
Ultrasonic Air Temperature Sensing for Automatic Climate Control - Vehicle Test2004-01-13753/8/2004
An ultrasonic air temperature sensor, intended to help improve automatic climate control (ACC), has been demonstrated in a vehicle. Ideally, ACC should be based on inputs correlated with thermal comfort. Current ACC systems do not measure the air temperature best correlated to thermal comfort - at breath level in front of an occupant. This limits the thermal comfort that ACC can provide under transient conditions. An ultrasonic sensor measures the bulk air temperature, is transparent to the driver, and can use commercially available components. In a proof-of-concept test, we monitored the thermal transients in a vehicle during cool-down after a hot soak and also during warm-up after a cold soak. The ultrasonic path was along the roof console. The ultrasonic temperature always agreed to ±1 °C with the air temperature measured by a thermocouple at the midpoint of the ultrasonic path. Compared to breath-level temperature, there was good agreement for the winter test but, for the summer test there was a 5 °C constant shift. Thermocouple data taken at the two locations showed the same effect. The ultrasonic sensor is rapid and precise, and it is a good candidate for improving ACC.
Han, Taeyoung, Lambert, David K., Partin, Dale L., Sultan, Michel F.
Analysis of Vehicle Passenger Compartment HVAC Using Simulation2004-01-15053/8/2004
1 The need to improve the climatic comfort within passenger vehicles is critical not only to passenger comfort but also to their safety. However, to make progress in this area, a good understanding of the flow behavior within the vehicle is required. In this paper, we use three-dimensional computer simulations to analyses the flow fields and temperature distributions of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system of a generic passenger car. We examine the role of HVAC configuration and design parameters, such as air temperatures and velocities at the inlets, the size number and location of the system's inlets and outlets. In this way the model is simulated first for normal mode with 4 front outlet and then the model is optimized by adding a rear outlet, mounted on the back of the console. The models are designed and meshed in GAMBIT environment and solved in FLUENT 5.23software.
Shojaee, M.H., Tehrani, Fard P.H., Noorpoor, A. R., Adili, M. R.
H-Point Machine and Design Tool Procedures and SpecificationsJ4002_200402 (Historical)2/16/2004
The devices described in this document provide a method for a reliable layout and measurement of occupant seating compartments and/or seats. They are not to be construed as tools that measure or indicate occupant capabilities or comfort. The devices are intended for applications at designated seating positions. They are not intended for use in defining or assessing temporary seating, such as folding jump seats. When using the H-Point Machine (HPM), interactions can occur between adjacent seating positions (i.e., having an HPM installed at the center occupant position can change the results obtained for the outboard occupant position). Therefore, only one machine should be installed in a particular row of seats during each test.
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Injection Buffer Kanban Management through Economic Batch Size Calculation2003-01-352511/18/2003
South American automotive market pushes tier 1 supplier companies, as Visteon Corporation - Guarulhos, Brazil, to work in an environment of high complexity mix of products together with low volume operations. As a ring of the above supply chain, the Injection Area is a key internal supplier for the Plant, providing skins (cockpit plastic covers), consoles and other interior and exterior plastic parts to the manufacturing assembly cells. For a long time Kanban system has been used inside the Injection Area to minimize inventory through a pull system and to gain production flexibility. This paper explores the link between the Kanban system and the Economic Batch Size (EBS) calculation. The EBS is the production administration approach of optimizing the replenishment costs (mold changeover costs) and inventory holding costs (injection buffer). This paper will discuss the benefits of the proposed methodology above, based on a case inside the mentioned Injection Area.
Landwehrkamp, Edgard
Multi-user Infotainment System2003-01-336511/10/2003
The paper develops a concept of a multi-user infotainment system, taking its application in a tourist bus as an example. It has a specific feature that every passenger is able, by means of a personal remote control console, to access the choice of a TV program or play computer games on a general display. Hardware analysis and an example of interface are given.
Mazhei, A., Uspenskiy, A.
H-Point Machine and Design Tool Procedures and SpecificationsJ826_200206 (Historical)6/1/2002
The devices described in this document provide a method for a reliable layout and measurement of occupant seating compartments and/or seats. They are not to be construed as tools that measure or indicate occupant capabilities or comfort. The devices are intended for applications at designated seating positions. They are not intended for use in defining or assessing temporary seating, such as folding jump seats. When using the H-Point Machine (HPM); interactions can occur between adjacent seating positions (i.e., having an HPM installed at the center occupant position can change the results obtained for the outboard occupant position). Therefore, only one machine should be installed in a particular row of seats during each test.
Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
TREASURI: An Innovative Simulation Method for the Vibro-Acoustic Design of Passenger Compartments2001-01-07093/5/2001
0 The accuracy of nowadays CAE tools for simulation of sound pressure level distributions in the passenger compartment of vehicles is not satisfactory because of the simplify models, especially with regard to the description of common passive acoustical treatments. This report describes the application of the TREASURI method on a complete vehicle, equipped with sound deadening treatment sound absorbing material sound insulation treatment and interior trim material (e.g. instrument panel, seats, center console). In order to validate the method, the simulation results were compared with the measurement results from the corresponding vehicle. The evaluation shows that the TREASURI approach yields considerable improvements in simulation accuracy up to 300 Hz compared to classical approaches [1]. This method now enables reliable predictions of acoustical influence on structural modifications and changes of the sound package.
Ochs, Juergen, Bohnert, Klaus, Paetzold, Hermann
Dependence of Human Motion on Human Form and Shape at Console Workplaces1999-01-19155/18/1999
Data of human body form and shape (static anthropometry) and human motion (dynamic anthropometry) of future operators are important ergonomic factors for workplace design. Although a large amount of static anthropometric data has been collected from different groups by several investigators, relating motion data of the same subjects were not collected. For this reason human form, shape and motion data were collected from 50 subjects performing tasks at two seated console workplaces. In this way new knowledge about movement strategies and the dependence of human motion on human form and shape was obtained. The goal was to make possible the prediction of individual movement behavior based on individual body form and shape while performing specific manual tasks at console workplaces. Knowledge about human body form, shape and motion, and their correlation as well as human movement strategies for the performance of specific manual tasks at two different console workplaces were gained by experimental tests. The results concerning motion and special human movement strategies may lead to an ergonomically better design such as the presented improved console workplace and may be applied to other workplace designs involving physical-functional aspects.
Schweingruber, Joerg
Human Engineering for SOFIA97563210/1/1997
This paper presents the design research for Human Engineering to modify a 747SP aircraft for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. It summarizes the work of the SOFIA Layout of Personnel Accommodations (LOPA) Team at NASA-Ames Research Center in developing the specifications and project documents to define the mission crew work areas, including consoles, equipment racks, and astronomer/experimenter work areas and facilities. It covers several key areas, including the Project's assumptions about the SOFIA personnel complement and the aircraft's operational scenarios, based upon a systematic comparison to the SOFIA's predecessor, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), a modified C-141. The LOPA Team analyzed these complex assumptions, requirements and goals for improved Mission crew productivity to develop a Human Engineering Design Guideline. This Human Engineering Guideline follows a Crew-Centered Design Philosophy that takes four perspectives: crew members as occupants, crew members as individual operators, crew members as leaders, and crew as team members. This Guideline evaluates the role of automation in crew productivity. It suggests verification metrics through the design, development, and pre-operations phases of the SOFIA Program. A key product of the LOPA Team activity was to develop several candidate layouts of the floor plan and console arrangements. These layouts derived from four considerations: LOPA requirements, physical and operational constraints upon the LOPA design, an architectural adjacency analysis, and a SOFIA-specific set of architectural design guidelines.
Cohen, Marc M.
USING CROSS-LINKED OLEFIN FOAM IN AUTOMOTIVE INTERIOR PADDED TRIM COMPONENTS9701452/24/1997
Considerable changes are occurring in automotive interior components in terms of design, aesthetics, and performance expectations. Consequently, new combinations of materials and production methods are being evaluated to meet these changing demands and requirements. One promising example of this is the use of a lightly cross-linked, olefin-blend foam sheetstock for many of the most visible interior padded trim components: door panels, instrument panels, consoles, glove-box/airbag doors, and seatbacks. Olefin foam sheet has a versatile processing profile using any of several interior-trim molding processes, including low-pressure molding, vacuum forming, compression molding, and structural reaction injection molding. In addition, the olefin foam offers excellent formability, with potential overall reduction of processing steps and systems costs. This paper describes the features and benefits of these new padded trim materials in different molding processes vs. competitive expanded polyvinyl chloride foams, including results of recent testing. Data on various skin/foam laminates are presented in terms of key properties required for each of the major processing methods for door trim panels and instrument panels.
Patel, Aashir, Workman, Chris
Medical Operations at Mission Control Center-Houston9613477/1/1996
The main objective of the Johnson Space Center (JSC) Medical Operations Team, comprised of Flight Surgeons and Biomedical Engineers (BMEs), is to provide crew health and safety during space flight. Currently, for Shuttle missions, the Surgeon and BME on console in the Mission Control Center - Houston work as a team to monitor cabin bioenvironmentals, manage toxic spills and hazardous materials in the cabin, conduct daily medical conferences, utilize private audio and video time for crew psychological support, and ensure Aeromedical Flight Rules are not violated. Workstation displays, medical kits, in-flight medical procedures, voice and video, internal mission documentation, and medical expertise are used to perform these job functions. Beginning with STS-70 in June 1995, mission support capabilities and efficiencies increased significantly with the use of the new control center at JSC. The Surgeons and BMEs have more interaction with the console computers and have more flexibility in their data display and analysis techniques. The conversion of reference books to electronic form is leading to a paperless control center environment. Further, the need for storage areas for paper backups is diminishing. The current Shuttle medical procedures, equipment, and computer resources will be augmented for International Space Station (ISS) operations. Medical hardware, inflight medical procedures, Aeromedical Flight Rules, and documentation will address the issues associated with long-duration space missions. On-site medical staffing may lessen, resulting in more on-call support requirements. The implementation of these modifications will provide crew health and safety on longduration ISS space flights.
Bennett, Judy
Developing an On-Line Institutional Memory in an Engineering Environment9606932/1/1996
Through the use of computer technologies, engineering communities can now efficiently capture relevant engineering knowledge from recognized experts. Once recorded in computer memories, engineers can then learn from and contribute to the computerized knowledge base. Many automotive companies have or are using computers to store electronic files of data associated with: regulatory requirements, warranty analysis, finance, and human resources. A very important area which may be easily neglected is the engineering of subcomponent design. Interior subcomponent design is an area which is a prime candidate for maintaining an institutional memory. The design of instrument panels, consoles, gloveboxes, cubholders, etc., is both dynamic and challenging; thanks to the ever increasing use of plastic materials and the increasing need for aesthetic and functional perfection. By recording the expert knowledge and providing an environment to properly share the information, engineering communities can improve on the past and avoid repeating previous mistakes.
Fields, George W.
Use of Laptop Computers in Future Spacecraft Crew Work Stations9517137/1/1995
The operational suitability of using laptop computers in crew work stations for future spacecraft and lunar/planetary bases has been assessed by evaluating conceptual mockups of these work stations. Analysis of the crew functions showed substantial commonality among crew work stations for earth orbit and lunar/planetary flight vehicles, as well as lunar/planetary bases. Further, the use of laptop computers in place of traditional fixed consoles was found to be suitable for most crew work stations and work sites in future spacecraft and space bases. With these analysis and evaluation results in hand, NASA will be able to take full advantage of capabilities currently available in laptop computers in future crew work station design.
Machell, Reginald M., Ward, Robert L., Cotter, Susan E.
Advances in Structural RIM Interior Trim Applications9504442/1/1995
LD-SRIM process technology, which can be readily tailored to match material physical property requirements to end-use applications, is answering the interior trim automotive engineers call for high quality, durable and cost-effective low weight composites. Due to their versatility, LD-SRIM composites, produced by reinforcing a water-blown MDI polyurethane foam matrix with a non-woven fiberglass mat, are successfully displacing PP and ABS thermoplastics, as well as wood fiber composites, in a wide variety of interior trim substrates. The technology's benefits, such as the ability to produce low weight parts (down to 0.27 g/cc for door panels) via pour-in-place techniques, and recent developments in internal mold release (IMR) formulations, have resulted in dramatic growth as demonstrated by its use in an expanding number of North-American produced vehicles. Continuous productivity and cost improvements resulting from parts consolidation, lower demold times and especially IMR efficiencies, have helped LD-SRIM graduate from interior door panel substrates, to other interior trim components, formerly dominated by thermoplastics and wood composites, such as package trays, seat pans and backs, instrument panel retainers, consoles, sun visors and quarter panels.
Katz, J. J., Naik, B. G.
INTERIOR AUTOMOTIVE PLASTIC PART TESTINGJ1717_199406 (Historical)6/10/1994
SAE J1717 is an advisory document suggesting minimum recommended testing, appearance evaluation, and protocol for specifying the recommendations with regard to Singular Unassembled Automotive Interior Trim Parts.
Plastics Committee
Crew Work Station Update for Space Station Alpha9413246/1/1994
Redesign of the Space Station to the Alpha configuration has led to significant changes in the crew work stations. The Multi-Purpose Applications Console, which was the primary crew interface with the Data Management System, has been deleted and replaced with a laptop computer. The proposed design process for these new work stations includes analysis and definition of the crew functions, the display and control requirements and the conceptual layouts of candidate work stations. Following crew acceptance of static mockups, detailed functional simulations must be conducted for crew evaluation of the proposed configurations, particularly for the Robotics Control Work Stations.
Cotter, Susan E., Machell, Reginald M.
Car Information, Communication and Entertainment System - Advances and New Developments9410403/1/1994
Future driver information systems will consist of a plurality of information components containing the classic instrumentation like instrument cluster, radio and trip computers but also new components like car telephones, navigation systems and TV. This development leads in a first step to a new kind of instrument cluster design, and in a second step to a rather high resolution graphic display, located in the central console region. To use best the display capabilities for all functions and to have an extendable system, the components will be connected by a multiplex wiring system. In order to reduce drivers distraction, secondary information from the mentioned components concerning safety and navigation information should be displayed near to the primary field of vision of the driver within the instrument cluster using small graphic LCD modules. Also in the non-visible region of the instrument cluster there will be significant changes in the technology behind the scales. Mechanical pointer drives will disappear continuously and make place to modern pointer drives like miniature stepping motors.
Knoll, P. M., Vollmer, R.
Thermoplastic Olefins for Automotive Soft Interior Trim9004762/1/1990
Recent technological advances have made thermoplastic olefins a viable material for automotive soft interior trim. Targeted at replacing PVC skins, polyurethane foams, and substrates made from traditional styrenics, these new polypropylenes can be used in such applications as instrument panels, door panels, consoles, and seating. They offer many advantages over current materials in these stringent applications. This paper describes the olefinic materials that are suitable for soft interior skins, polyolefin extruded foam sheets that can be used in a laminate with the skin, rigid olefin compounds that are used for substrates, and the process to use these materials in manufacturing soft interior trim components.
Haylock, J. C., Addeo, Antonio, Hogan, A. J.
A New Method of Producing Interior Trim Using a Light-Stable Polyurethane Skin8803402/1/1988
This paper describes a new and exciting breakthrough for the production of high quality, cost effective coverings for automotive instrument panels, interior door panels, consoles, headrests and glove box covers. The COLO-FAST☉ SPR polyurethane spray in-mold skinning process, has been developed for the manufacture of non-cellular, light-stable, integrally colored elastomers. These elastomeric skins are typically 0.5-2 mm in thickness. Backfoaming of these skins with conventional polyurethane foam is done by methods well known to the polyurethane industry. The COLO-FAST SPR polyurethane process includes both modified light-stable polyurethane chemistry and equipment designed and modified to accommodate the particular needs of this technology. This process requires a two-component chemical system with particular reactivity and viscosity properties to allow the use of a new design airless spray gun. Robot automation is used to provide speed and reproducibility.
Peters, Gerret
A Distributed Architecture Car Audio System86104010/20/1986
With the recent increase in the number and sophistication of car audio source components such as CD players, etc., designing a car audio system which can fit in the limited space available inside an automobile, especially around the dash, is becoming difficult. This report describes our attempt to remedy these deficiencies by employing a distributed architecture concept. Using this approach, we physically separated the source components from the indicator/control console, linking them for control purposes by means of a single data bus. Key to the success of this idea was the development of a simple and reliable data communications format optimized for automotive use. The system described consists of an AM/FM radio section, cassette tape player section, and audio control section with a simplified switch arrangement on the control panel.
Tajima, Hiroshi, Araki, Makoto, Bessho, Yoshihiro, Mizuno, Masanobu, Tanabe, Kenzo
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