Browse Topic: Anatomy

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Numerical Investigation on Thorax Rib Deflections of 50th Male in Vehicle Side Oblique Pole Impact Using Human Body Model2026-01-0566To be published on 04/07/2026
The WorldSID-50M dummy is an advanced side impact dummy that has been adopted extensively in regulatory testing and third party testing such as Euro-NCAP and C-NCAP. However, with increased testing modalities, excessive upper thorax rib deflection was observed in some vehicle side impact tests. It is believed that interaction between arm and thorax rib causes excessive deflection of upper thorax rib in side oblique pole impact with a large side airbag, which has better protection to the shoulders of an occupant. The objectives of the study was as following: (1) Excessive upper thoracic rib deflection of WorldSID-50M dummy are presented in the side oblique pole crash tests while this observation was not found in side impact tests with the barrier. (2) The effect of the interaction between arm and thorax of a 50th male occupant on upper thorax rib deflection was studied using Human Body Models (HBMs). The study indicates that the interaction between arm and thorax ribs has minor effect
Zhou, DY, Chen, Shaopeng, Yan, Li, Wu, Jing, Liu, Chong, Lv, Xiaojiang, Yang, Heping
Machine Learning based Meta-Analysis of IIHS Moderate Overlap Frontal Crash Test for Rear Seat Occupant Safety Performance2026-01-0579To be published on 04/07/2026
A machine learning (ML)-based meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate rear seat occupant safety performance in the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) Moderate Overlap Frontal (MOF) 2.0 crash test. ML models were trained on historical IIHS crash test data to predict rear passenger injury metrics using vehicle architecture, restraint system characteristics, crash pulse parameters, and vehicle kinematics as input features. The models demonstrated high predictive accuracy and were subsequently used in a Sobol sensitivity analysis to identify critical design parameters influencing injury outcomes. The analysis revealed that rear passenger injury metrics were most sensitive to restraint system parameters. Specifically, crash pulse magnitude was the dominant factor for head injury metrics, pretensioner activation time for neck tension force, and lap belt force for the Neck Injury Criterion (Nij). For chest-related metrics—sternum deflection, dynamic belt position, and maximum belt
Lalwala, Mitesh, Kim, Wonhee, Furton, Lisa, Song, Jay
A study on the injury risk of occupant with different head and neck rotating positions2026-01-0574To be published on 04/07/2026
Drivers obtain road information through head and neck rotation. In order to study the impact of head and neck rotation posture on occupant injury in frontal collision, this paper studies the biomechanical response of occupants with five different head and neck rotation posture under 56 km/h frontal collision based on THUMS human model. Firstly, the kinematic response and head center-of-mass acceleration curves of the dead body and THUMS were compared to verify the validity of the vehicle model. Then, THUMS was adjusted to the standard occupant pose and five different head and neck rotation poses of ±20° and ±40°, and frontal collision simulation was conducted for each of the five poses with or without airbags. The results show that with the increase of head and neck rotation Angle, the risk of neck injury increases while the risk of chest injury decreases. 4 ribs are broken under standard posture, and only 2 ribs are broken when the left rotation of head and neck is 40°. The neck Nij
Li, Dongqiang, jiang, Yejie, Li, Yanyan, Tan, Chun, Jiang, Binhui
A Cooperative Hand Gesture Recognition System for Human Machine Interface to Control Robotic Arms2026-01-0252To be published on 04/07/2026
In the context of Industry 5.0, effective collaboration between humans and machines demands seamless and natural interaction. Hand-Gesture Recognition (HGR) is a promising technology for creating intuitive human-machine interfaces (HMIs) that allow users to control robots without physical devices or wearables. This research introduces a real-time HGR system designed to control a 6-Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) robotic arm using YOLOv10, a state-of-the-art deep learning model for hand gesture recognition. While YOLOv10 offers high accuracy, its computational demands exceed the capabilities of edge devices typically attached to robotic arms, posing a significant hardware challenge. To overcome this, we propose a cooperative client-server architecture that distributes the workload between the edge device and a more powerful remote server. An RGB camera mounted on the robotic arm captures hand gesture images and sends image data to the server using User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The server
DeHaven, Aaron Lee, Park, Jungme
High Biofidelity Modification of Thoracolumbar Structure in THOR model for Reclined Occupant2026-01-0196To be published on 04/07/2026
With the rapid development of automated driving and the increasing adoption of zero-gravity seats, the crash safety of highly reclined occupants has become a critical issue. The current THOR model, designed for frontal impacts in the standard upright posture, shows limitations when applied directly for reclined occupants, including excessive thoracolumbar flexion stiffness and large backward pelvis rotation. In this study, we analyzed the thoracolumbar spine kinematics of the THUMS human body model, which had been reconstructed against post-mortem human subject (PMHS) tests. A two-segment fitting was used to “dummy-ize” the spinal flexion response, yielding a virtual rotation hinge located close to the thoracic hinge of the original THOR model. The hinge rotation angle exhibited a strong linear correlation with the flexion moment of the L1–T12 segment. Based on this relationship, angular stiffness derived from the fitting was applied to the thoracolumbar hinge of the dummy. Additional
Guo, Wencheng, Kuang, Gaoyuan, Shen, Wenxuan, Tan, Puyuan, Zhou, Qing
Risk analysis of occupant injuries with different lower limb postures during vehicle frontal impact2026-01-0572To be published on 04/07/2026
To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of injuries sustained by occupants with different lower limb postures during frontal impact, the human body finite element models- THUMS AM50 under standard sitting posture and sitting posutres with 100° calf bend, 90° calf bend, and crossed legs were analyzed in the frontal impact at 56 km/h. Injury biomechanical analysis demonstrates that the occupant under the sitting posture with crossed legs has the highest overall injure risk, e.g, the highest HIC (Head Injury Critirion) value, peak value of head accerelation, VC (Viscous Crterion) values, strain of the thracic organs, stress of pelvic cortical bone and knee ligments, and so on. In summary, different lower limb postures can affect the overall risk of occupant injury: the smaller the calf flexion angle and the more complex the leg posture, the higher the risk of overall injury. In the future study it is necessary to strengthen the protection of occupants in non-standard seating
Li, Dongqiang, jiang, Yejie, Tan, Chun, Li, Yanyan, HeQuan, Wu, Jiang, Binhui, Zhu, Feng
Quasi-Static Head Restraint Pull-Tests to Assess Retention Performance: Maximum Load and Damage Characteristic2026-01-0564To be published on 04/07/2026
Head restraint requirements and designs have evolved to minimize the delay in head support and reduce differential loading in the neck. As a result, head restraints have become bigger and more angled forward, sitting, closer to the occupant’s head. Head restraints separation from seatbacks are sometimes observed in the field. Are head restraint detachments resulting from occupant comfort issues prior to the crash, occupant loading during the crash or were they removed by emergency personnel for extrication? Understanding the retention strength of head restraints and the type of evidence left behind by a forced removal may help researchers resolve the question of how a head restraint may be found post-crash separated from the seat. Quasistatic pull tests were conducted to measure vertical retention capabilities, compare vertical adjustment and release mechanisms, and document deformation and damage. Eighteen different front seat head restraint designs were evaluated. The model years
PARENTEAU, CHANTAL, Burnett, Roger, Davidson, Russell
Optimization of Active–Passive Integrated Evaluation Weighting for Pedestrian Protection2026-01-0577To be published on 04/07/2026
Pedestrians, as the most vulnerable road users, largely determine the severity of traffic accidents through the extent of their injuries. Traditional vehicle safety evaluations have primarily emphasized passive safety. However, with the widespread implementation of active safety technologies such as Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB), passive-only assessments no longer adequately reflect a vehicle’s true pedestrian protection performance.This study employed finite element models of a sedan and an SUV to analyze changes in pedestrian head and lower limb injury metrics before and after AEB intervention, thereby quantifying the associated injury-mitigation benefits. The results show that AEB reduced the maximum head injury value (HIC15) by about 50%, lowering the proportion of severe head injuries from 0.217 to 0.118. Conversely, braking-induced pitch effects increased the proportions of severe femur and tibia bending moment injuries to 0.235 and 0.294, respectively, making them higher
shi, Xinxin, YE, BIN, Liu, Yu, Zhan, Zhenfei, Sun, Bowen, Zhao, yuanyi, zhu, lei
Effects of Child Anthropometry, Seatback Angle, Seat Rotation Angle, Seatbelt Force Limiting, and Collision Type on Injury Risk of Child Occupants in Highly Automated Vehicles2026-01-0570To be published on 04/07/2026
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of child anthropometry, seat posture (recline and rotation), seatbelt force limiting, and frontal collision scenarios on the kinematic response and injury risk to children in highly automated vehicles. The TUST IBMs 6YO-O model was conducted the frontal collisions in sled tests. This simulation matrix includes five percentiles six-year-old occupants (P3, P25, P50, P75, and P97), three seatback angles (20°, 30°, and 45°), four seat rotation angles (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°), three seatbelt force limiting (2.6 kN, 3.6 kN, and 4.6 kN), and three collision types. Injury risks were assessed including the child occupant's head, neck, chest/abdomen, and lumbar region in each simulation (n=540). The results indicate that the child anthropometry, the seatback angle, and the seat rotation angle have a significant influence on the motion responses. Statistically significant differences between all the groups within each independent variable category were
Wang, Yanxin, Zhao, Hongqian, Li, Haiyan, He, Lijuan, Cui, Shihai, Lv, Wenle
AI-Based Prediction of Motion Sickness in Autonomous Vehicles Using Passenger Profiles and Driving Route Data2026-01-0154To be published on 04/07/2026
Autonomous Vehicles (AV) are expected to significantly reshape travel experiences. Drivers will no longer be responsible for operating the vehicle and will instead take on the role of occupants, free to engage in personal activities such as reading or using phones. Consequently, motion sickness arises from a mismatch between the motion perceived by the body and the motion expected by the brain. Motion sickness detection in AVs has typically been approached through sensor-driven methods that monitor vehicle dynamics as well as passenger conditions, requiring continuous streams of data for reliable predictions. However, while vehicle-mounted sensors can be seamlessly integrated into the system, passenger-oriented solutions often rely on wearable devices, which may not always be practical for wide use in everyday settings. To address this gap, we introduce a ProfileFusion model, a multimodal deep learning model providing a more user-friendly solution that requires minimal user input. It
Khosravifard, Mina, Malik, Usama Zaid, Nguyen, Trang, Grosseruschkamp PhD, Marc, Lichtenberg, Frank
Use inertial sliding of reclined seat to enhance occupant retention under rear-end crash2026-01-0563To be published on 04/07/2026
Smart cabin of autonomous vehicle may lead more passengers to recline their seat for comfort. However, reclined seat is disadvantageous for holding occupant in seat when vehicle is subjected to rear-end crash. Under severe rear-end crash and large reclining angle, the backward inertia could completely throw occupant out of seat. Or, even if occupant body can be restrained well by seatbelt, the occupant head could slide out of the head restraint area. Any of these situations may potentially cause severe injuries. To address this safety concern, we developed a sliding seat system designed to enhance occupant retention. Activated by impact inertia from rear-end collision, the system allows the seat sliding backward along its track in a controlled manner, and the sliding stroke is accompanied by a restraint force and absorbs some amount of kinetic energy during the sliding. Meanwhile, the backward sliding of seat, together with backward sliding of occupant, makes the ride-down process more
Dai, Rui, Zhou, Qing, Puyuan, Tan, Shen, Wenxuan
Occupant and Seat Responses in Various Rear Impact Conditions: Focus on Head-to-Head Restraint Interactions2026-01-0565To be published on 04/07/2026
Head restraint requirements and designs have evolved to minimize the delay in head support and reduce differential loading in the neck. As a result, they have become bigger, closer to the occupant’s head, and angled forward relative to the seat back. Head restraints have been found missing or detached in the field; they may be removed pre-crash due to occupant comfort issues, or post-crash for better accessibility during extrication. Additionally, although rare, head restraints may become detached in severe rear impacts due to occupant loading. To better understand occupant-to-head restraint dynamic interactions, nine rear sled tests were conducted. The test conditions were selected to represent worst case severe loading scenarios. An instrumented 50th Hybrid III ATD (Anthropomorphic Test Device) was lap-shoulder belted on a right-front seat. The neck was equipped with a bracket and lower neck load cell designed for rear impacts. Three series of sled tests were performed wherein the
PARENTEAU, CHANTAL, Burnett, Roger, Davidson, Russell
Wearable Monitors Heart Rate Recovery to Predict RiskTBMG-545272/1/2026
Scientists used a “smart” shirt equipped with an electrocardiogram to track participants’ heart-rate recovery after exercise and developed a tool for analyzing the data to predict those at higher or lower risk of heart-related ailments.
Q-Series Child Dummy FE Model Development and Validation for Child Occupant Safety Assessment in Automotive Crashes2026-26-03901/16/2026
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Government of India, has established BHARAT NCAP to provide a fair, meaningful, and objective assessment of the crash safety performance of cars. This program evaluates vehicles across three key areas, including Child Occupant Protection (COP). A critical component of the COP assessment involves dynamic testing using Q-series child dummies representing a 1½-year-old (Q1.5) and a 3-year-old child (Q3). As per the BHARAT NCAP protocol, these dummies are placed in the second-row outboard seating position within Child Restraint Systems (CRSs) and subjected to two primary dynamic impact tests: Offset Deformable Barrier (ODB) conducted at a speed of 64 km/hr. and Mobile Deformable Barrier (MDB) Side Impact tests conducted at 50 km/hr. The dynamic assessment of these child dummies is primarily focused on the head, neck, and chest regions to evaluate the effectiveness of the CRSs and overall vehicle safety system in protecting young
Khopekar, Maria, Lakshminarayana, Apoorva, Mohan, Pradeep, Kurkuri, Mahendra
Artificially Intelligent Rapid Rescue Vehicle System2026-26-06421/16/2026
The rapid development of science and technology has impacted on the human lifestyle. The automotive industry plays a crucial role as travel is an integral part of human lifestyle. This indeed has increased the need and demand for automotive domain to step ahead with technology and innovations. Especially, related to ADAS features and AI/ML based algorithms to provide comfort, safety, and many other factors for the consumers. The busy life of human beings has shown an increased rate of many health-related issues like stress, anxiety, heart attacks, blood pressure and so on. The existing system in vehicles detects health emergency and triggers SOS to the emergency service center. However, several catastrophic events occur due to delayed information, thus there is a need for a proactive solution that combines technology and human safety. In this work, we have investigated the different methods which detect the health issues of occupants in a vehicle by monitoring their stress level, heart
Eswarappa, Asha, Nagaraj, Chaitra, Mudassir, Syed
An Outer Waist Seal with Integrated Glass Wiping Mechanism for a Window Frame of a Vehicle2026-26-00111/16/2026
This invention solves a significant safety issue where drivers have low visibility of the Outside Rear View Mirror (ORVM) in the case of rain, fog, dust or ice formation on the Side Door Window Glass (SDWG). Currently developed methods, such as hydrophobic finishing or films and heated window glass on the doors, provide temporary or weak results, and thus, a more successful and dependable method is demanded. In order to address this problem, we have modified the Outer Waist Seal, which includes a Glass Wiping Mechanism in it. Outer Waist Seal is a type of weather strip fixed on the bottom of the side window of a vehicle on the panel of the door. It does not allow the flow of heavy water, dust and debris into the door cavity, besides supporting the glass on the window when it is in a movement process. The stationary fixed arm of this system is coupled with a rotating arm and an attached wiper blade powered by a low-speed-high-torque motor and interfaced with the Body Control Module (BCM
Neelam, Rajat, Chowdhury, Ashok, Panchal, Girish, Kumar, Saurav
Design and Validation of a Collapsible Brake Pedal System for Lower-Leg Protection in Frontal Impacts2026-26-05001/16/2026
Indian passenger car accident data indicates that approximately 44% of crashes are frontal impacts (Refer fig 1). Among the injuries sustained in these crashes, lower leg injuries are notably critical, contributing to nearly 25% of driver occupant injuries (Refer fig 2). To evaluate such injuries, the Bharat New Car Assessment Program (BNCAP) includes lower leg injury metrics as part of the Frontal Offset Deformable Barrier (ODB64) test. While the overall injury performance is assessed at the vehicle level, BNCAP also monitors vehicle interior intrusions—particularly pedal intrusions—as key contributors to lower limb injury severity. A major challenge in frontal crashes is the intrusion of the vehicle's front-end structure into the occupant compartment. Rigid components, particularly the brake pedal assembly, can be displaced rearward during a crash, significantly increasing the risk of lower leg injuries. Therefore, minimizing pedal intrusions into the driver foot-well is critical for
Shetti, Rahul R., Kudale, Shailesh, Naik, Nagaraj, Bisen, Badal, Kotak, Vijay, Dudhewar, Swapnil, Bhagat, Amit, Durgaprasad, HNV
Real-Time in-Cabin Vital Sensing and Response System Using Ultra-Wideband Radar in Automotive2026-26-00121/16/2026
This study introduces a novel in-cabin health monitoring system leveraging Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radar technology for real-time, contactless detection of occupants' vital signs within automotive environments. By capturing micro-movements associated with cardiac and respiratory activities, the system enables continuous monitoring without physical contact, addressing the need for unobtrusive vehicle health assessment. The system architecture integrates edge computing capabilities within the vehicle's head unit, facilitating immediate data processing and reducing latency. Processed data is securely transmitted via HTTPS to a cloud-based backend through an API Gateway, which orchestrates data validation and routing to a machine learning pipeline. This pipeline employs supervised classifiers, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest (RF) to analyze features such as temporal heartbeat variability, respiration rate stability, and heart rate. Empirical
Singh, Samagra, Pandya, Kavita, Jituri, Keerti
Study of Real Time Impact on Automotive Cabin Air Quality due to the Various Usage Conditions in the Severely Polluted City2026-26-05311/16/2026
This study investigates the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 inside an automobile under real-world driving conditions, one of the most polluted cities globally. India faces severe air pollution challenges in many cities, including Delhi, which are consistently ranking among the most polluted cities in the world. Major contributors to this pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial activities, construction dust, and biomass burning. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 has been linked to numerous adverse health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, aggravated asthma, decreased lung function, and premature mortality. PM2.5 particles, being smaller, can penetrate deeper into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, causing more severe health issues. In big cities like New Delhi, long driving times exacerbate exposure to these pollutants, as commuters spend extended periods in traffic. Measurements were taken both inside and outside the vehicle to assess the real-world
Gupta, Rajat, Pimpalkar, Ankit, Patel, Abhishek, Kumar, Shubham, Joshi, Rishi, Kumar, Mukesh
Thoracic Injury Mechanisms Due to Front Seatback–Rear Seat Pan Interaction in Severe Rear-Impact Collisions: A Case Study2026-26-00051/16/2026
Severe rear-impact collisions can cause significant intrusion into the occupant compartment when the structural integrity of the rear survival space is insufficient. Intrusion patterns are influenced by impact configuration—underride, in-line, or override—with underride collisions channeling forces below the beltline through the rear wheels as a primary load path. This force concentration rapidly propels the rear seat-pan forward, contacting the rearward-rotating front seatback. The resulting bottoming-out phenomenon produces a forward impulse that amplifies loading on the front occupant’s upper torso, increasing the risk of thoracic injury even when the head is properly supported by the head restraint. This study analyzes a real-world rear-impact collision that resulted in fatal thoracic injuries to the driver, attributed to the interaction between the driver’s seatback and the forward-moving rear seat pan. A vehicle-to-vehicle crash test was conducted to replicate similar intrusion
Thorbole, Chandrashekhar
Occupant Kinematics and Injuries during High Speed Side Impacts: An Analysis of ARAI Data 2016-20242026-26-00271/16/2026
The objective of the present study is to examine trends in occupant kinematics and injuries during side impact tests carried out on vehicle models over the period of time. Head, shoulder, torso, spine, and pelvis kinematic responses are analysed for driver dummy in high speed side impacts for vehicle model years, MY2016-2024. Side impact test data from the tests conducted at The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) is examined for MY2016-2024. The test procedure is as specified in AIS099 or UNECE R95, wherein a 950kg moving deformable barrier (MDB) impacts the side of stationary vehicle at 50km/hr. An Instrumented 50th percentile male EUROSID-2 Anthropomorphic Test Device is positioned in the driver seat on the impacting side. Occupant kinematic data, including head accelerations, Head Injury Criterion (HIC15), Torso deflections at thorax and abdominal ribs, spine accelerations at T12 vertebra, and pelvis accelerations are evaluated and compared. The “peak” and “time to
Mishra, Satish, Borse, Tanmay, Kulkarni, Dileep, Mahajan, Rahul
Investigating Pelvic Locking and Torso Kinematics Using Human Body Models in Frontal Impact Scenarios2026-26-00021/16/2026
Occupant Safety systems are usually developed using anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), such as the Hybrid III, THOR-50M, ES-2, and WorldSID. However, in compliance with NCAP and regulatory guidelines, these ATDs are designed for specific crash scenarios, typically frontal and side impacts involving upright occupants. As vehicles evolve (e.g., autonomous layouts, diverse occupant populations), ATDs are proving increasingly inadequate for capturing real-world injury mechanisms. This has led to the adoption of computational Human Body Models (HBMs), such as the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) and Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS), which offer superior anatomical fidelity, variable anthropometry, active muscle behaviour modelling, and improved postural flexibility. HBMs can predict internal injuries that ATDs cannot, making them valuable tools for future vehicle safety development. This study uses a sled CAE simulation environment to analyze the kinematics of the HBMs
Raj, Pavan, Rao, Guruprakash, Pendurthi, Chaitanya Sagar, Nehe, Vaibhav, Chavan, Avinash
Machine Learning Model to Predict Chest Injury during Thorax Impact on Human Body Models2026-26-06651/16/2026
In recent years, virtual models have been extremely helpful in predicting potential injury risk to occupants in vehicle crashes. Virtual models offer detailed occupant anthropometry and closest possible bio-fidelity over existing test devices. This study focuses on the assessment of chest deflections in frontal thorax impacts using virtual human body models of a few anthropometries and transforming the assessment of injuries for a broader range of anthropometries (sections of the population). The study utilizes machine learning to enable injury assessment across a wide range of body types. A standard test scenario (Kroell load case) with a frontal blunt thoracic impact is considered for this study. Results from physical tests and simulations from various finite element human body models (HBMs) from literature are used to train supervised machine learning models. The combination of virtual simulation and machine learning reduces the reliance on physical prototypes and expands the reach
Sridhar, Raam, Arya, Bibhu, Divakar, Prajwal, R, Udhaya Kumar, Bhutki, Prasad, Kumar, Devendra, Kurkuri, Mahendra, Mohan, Pradeep
Adaptive Restraints for Equitable Protection2026-26-00151/16/2026
Real-world crashes involve diverse occupants, but traditional restraint systems are designed for a limited range of body types considering the applicable regulations and protocols. While conventional restraints are effective for homogeneous occupant profiles, these systems often underperform in real-world scenarios with diverse demographics, including variations in age, gender, and body morphology. This study addresses this critical gap by evaluating adaptive restraint systems aligned with the forthcoming EURO NCAP 2026 protocols, which emphasize real-world crash diversity and occupant type. Through digital studies of frontal impact scenarios, we analyze biomechanical responses using adaptive restraints across varied occupant demographics, focusing on head and chest injury (e.g., Chest Compression Criterion [CC]). This study used a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach to optimize occupant protection by timing the actuating of these adaptive systems. The results indicate that activating
satija, Anshul, Suryawanshi, Yuvraj, Chavan, Avinash, Rao, Guruprakash
Weaving Data Fabric with AITBMG-544301/6/2026
One of the biggest goals for companies in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is developing “agentic” systems. These metaphorical agents can perform tasks without a guiding human hand. This parallels the goals of the emerging urban air mobility industry, which hopes to bring autonomous flying vehicles to cities around the world. One company wants to do both and got a head start with some help from NASA.
Wearable Health Tech Brings Research to PeopleTBMG-544061/1/2026
Researchers are exploring new ways to utilize microwave technology in monitoring and assessing health conditions. The results of experiments conducted with realistic models are promising. Bras that detect breast cancer, leg sleeves that identify blood clots, and a helmet that monitors the effects of radiation therapy offer a glimpse into what future healthcare might look like.
Microcatheter Delivers Therapies to the Tiniest Blood VesselsTBMG-544241/1/2026
EPFL researchers have invented a remarkably small and ultraflexible neurovascular microcatheter. Powered by blood flow, it can safely navigate the most intricately branched arteries in a matter of seconds.
Conductive Hydrogel Holds Promise for ImplantsTBMG-544101/1/2026
Bioelectronics, such as implantable health monitors or devices that stimulate brain cells, are not as soft as the surrounding tissues due to their metal electronic circuits. A team of scientists has developed a soft polymer hydrogel that can conduct electricity as well as metal can. As the material is both flexible and soft, it is more compatible with sensitive tissues. This finding has the potential for a large number of applications, for example, in biocompatible sensors and in wound healing.
Biosensor Could Lead to Breath Test for Lung CancerTBMG-544181/1/2026
University of Texas at Dallas researchers have developed biosensor technology that when combined with artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise for detecting lung cancer through breath analysis.
Probe Powerfully Records Neural Circuits During BehaviorTBMG-544201/1/2026
Trying to document how single brain cells participate in networks that govern behavior is a daunting task. Brain probes called Neuropixels, which feature high-density silicon arrays, have enabled scientists to collect electrophysiological data of this nature from a variety of animals. These include fish, reptiles, rodents, and primates, as well as humans.
Tiny Neural Implant Wirelessly Tracks BrainTBMG-544171/1/2026
Cornell researchers and collaborators have developed a neural implant so small that it can rest on a grain of salt, yet it can wirelessly transmit brain activity data in a living animal for more than a year.
Detection of Dangerous Driving Postures Based on Depth Images Using an Anchor Regression Method2025-01-734312/31/2025
Perceiving the movement characteristics of specific body parts of a driver is crucial for determining their activity. Moreover, the driver’s body posture significantly impacts personnel safety during collision. This study investigates the creation of a dataset using Kinect depth camera for acquiring, organizing, annotating with skeleton tracking assistance, and optimizing interpolation. The pose recognition methods enhanced through an anchor regression mechanism, leading to the refinement of a lightweight anchor regression network capable of end-to-end learning ability from depth images. The improved backbone neck head structure offers advantages of reduced model parameters and enhanced accuracy. This engineering optimization makes it better suited for practical applications within vehicles with limited computational resources limitations and high real-time demands.
Xu, Hailan, Li, Wuhuan, Lu, Jun, Wang, Xin, He, Wenhao, Chen, Zhenming, Liu, Yunjie
Deconstructing Driver State in Smart Cockpits: Physiological Validation of Perceived Risk, Trust, and Fatigue during Automated Driving2025-01-734512/31/2025
For driver-automation collaborative driving, accurately monitoring driver state in smart cockpits is crucial for enhancing safety, comfort, and human-computer interactions. However, existing research lacks clarity regarding the relationships among driver states, and there is no consensus on the optimal physiological channels to reliably capture these states. This study examined three critical psychological constructs (i.e., perceived risk, trust in the automated driving system, and driver fatigue) using a 37-participant driving simulation experiment. We manipulated multiple factors to induce distinct driver states among participants and recorded subjective scale ratings, heart rate variability, galvanic skin response, and eye movement data. Subjective scale ratings were adopted as the ground truth to examine the corresponding measurement relationships between different physiological signals and the three targeted dimensions of driver states. Our results proved that perceived risk
Wang, Zhenyuan, Li, Qingkun, Wang, Wenjun, Liu, Weimin, Sun, Zhaocong, Cheng, Bo
Investigation of Particulate Matter Emissions from Brake Pads of Light-Duty Vehicles: A Comparative Analysis of Friction Material Compositions2025-36-020012/18/2025
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Catão, Vítor Gustavo Gomes, Machado, Amanda Ribeiro, Fiorentin, Felipe Klein, Silva, João Pedro Anuto, Bernardino, Lucas Gabriel, Fiorentin, Thiago Antonio, Carboni, Andrea Piga
Analysis of the Effect of High-Speed Train Travel on The Characteristics of Flow Field Distribution Near Wrist Arm Insulators in Tunnels2025-99-032712/17/2025
With the continuous progress of modern high-speed railroad technology, the speed of train operation is increasing, and its aerodynamic effect when traversing the tunnel is also getting more and more attention from researchers. In this paper, we constructed a three-dimensional flow field model of the wrist-arm insulator in the tunnel and considered the train speed, tunnel structure, size and position of the wrist-arm insulator, and other factors, and then through the simulation software, we simulated the change of the airflow in the tunnel when the high-speed train enters the tunnel. Through the simulation analysis, we obtained the characteristics of the flow field distribution around the wrist-arm insulator in the tunnel when the high-speed train crosses the tunnel. The results show that when the train crosses the tunnel at a high speed, the airflow inside the tunnel is strongly squeezed and disturbed by the train, forming a complex airflow field. When the train passes by, the wrist
Zhang, Kangkang, Ma, Jianqiao
Researchers Give New Meaning to the Term “Microwave Brain”TBMG-5429712/1/2025
Cornell researchers have developed a low-power microchip they call a “microwave brain,” the first processor to compute on both ultrafast data signals and wireless communication signals by harnessing the physics of microwaves.
‘Leukemia-On-A-Chip’ Could Transform CAR T Blood Cancer TreatmentsTBMG-5429912/1/2025
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represents a breakthrough in cancer treatment. By harnessing the body’s immune system, CAR T therapy provides a powerful, personalized treatment option that can be particularly effective for treating blood cancers like leukemia — potentially offering patients a second chance at life when other treatments have failed.
Open-Source Software for 3D Printing with Multiple MaterialsTBMG-5419111/13/2025
Characterization of the Brake Linings Coefficient of Friction by Means of Instrumented Suspensions Equipped on a Hybrid Race Vehicle10-10-01-000411/8/2025
The knowledge of the brake linings coefficient of friction (BLCF) is crucial for the control of the braking moment in modern vehicles equipped with electric powertrains. In the case of race vehicles equipped with carbon–carbon brakes, the coefficient of friction exhibits great variations as a function of the main influencing factors, namely the pressure, the temperature, and the sliding speed at the pad–disc interface. In this work, a Le Mans Hypercar instrumented with more than 150 sensors was adopted to perform the characterization of the BLCF from racetrack acquisitions. The front and rear left suspensions of the vehicle were instrumented with strain gauge channels and position transducers to acquire the reaction loads at the upright and the orientation of the arms. Then, the geometric matrix method was implemented for calculating the moments at the upright from which the braking torque was derived without the need to know any of the wheel inertia, nor the driveshaft torque. Data
Cortivo, Davide, Vendramin, Mattia, Dindo, Luigi
Analysis of Artificial Intelligence in Biofuel Industry: A Case Study2025-28-034111/6/2025
Increasing reservations about the mass consumption of fossil fuels because of their hazardous impact on ecosystem has led to an increased focus to look for renewable alternative. In the last decade, much research is made on production of biodiesel for blending with diesel to reduce diesel consumption in the transport sector. Studies suggest that biofuel do not provide any harm to environment because of their availability from natural resources. Biofuel production and its further utilization requires identifying unknown parameters having nonlinear relationships with each other. Accurate and better predictive tools are required at different stages during its usage. AI technique is one such tool that can provide support during production and utilization. The technique is utilized in designing, monitoring, predicting, decision making and optimizing systems. The present research investigates the areas of AI usage which makes use of models for designing better production strategies, accurate
KUMAR, VIVEK, Vashist, Devendra
Experimental Study on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Port Water Injection and Blends of Biodiesel for Performance & Emission2025-32-006211/3/2025
The increasing demand for alternative fuels due to environmental concerns has sparked interest in biodiesel as a viable substitute for conventional diesel. Most automotive engines use diesel fuel engines. They contribute a major portion of today’s air pollution, which causes serious health issues including chronic bronchitis, respiratory tract infections, heart diseases, and many more. Greenhouse gases are produced using fossil fuel in the engines and causes global warming. To combat air pollution, we need clean renewable and environmentally friendly fuels. Due to depletion of fossil fuels, it has become necessary to find alternative fuel which are safer for the environment and humankind. One such possible solution is Biodiesel. In present study, series of experiments were carried out on 435cc naturally aspirate DI Diesel engine with port water injection and different blend of Jatropha based Biodiesel. Biodiesel was derived from Jatropha oil, produced using a heterogeneous catalyst
Bhoite, Vikram, Syed, Kaleemuddin, Chaudhari, Sandip, Khairnar, Girish, Jagtap, Pranjal, Reddy, Kameswar
Ultrasound Helmet Enables Deep Brain Stimulation Without SurgeryTBMG-5416811/1/2025
University College London London, England
An Innovative Approach to Lower Limb Rehab RoboticsTBMG-5412211/1/2025
In an era where technology increasingly merges with healthcare to enhance patient outcomes, a groundbreaking study conducted by Fuyang Yu and his colleagues introduces an innovative approach to lower limb rehabilitation. Their research, published in Cyborg Bionic Systems, outlines the development of a lower limb rehabilitation robot designed to significantly improve the safety and effectiveness of gait training through a novel method based on human-robot interaction force measurement.
Self-Cleaning Sweat Sensors Offer Comfortable MonitoringTBMG-5416111/1/2025
Researchers have developed novel ISM-based sweat sensors that feature enhanced signal stability and performance and avoid skin contact, while also being reusable, making them practical for daily use.
Smart Patch Runs Tests Using Sweat Instead of BloodTBMG-5416611/1/2025
KAIST Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Upper Body Robotic ExoskeletonTBMG-5412311/1/2025
Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a soft, wearable, robotic upper limb exoskeleton garment designed to actively control the shoulder and elbow, both positioning the limb in specific orientations and commanding the limb through desired motions. The invention was developed to provide effective upper extremity motor rehabilitation for patients with neurological impairments (e.g., traumatic brain injury, stroke).
Robotic Eyes Mimic Human Vision for Superfast Response to Extreme LightingTBMG-5412411/1/2025
In blinding bright light or pitch-black dark, our eyes can adjust to extreme lighting conditions within a few minutes. The human vision system, including the eyes, neurons, and brain, can also learn and memorize settings to adapt faster the next time we encounter similar lighting challenges.
Blood Viscosity: The Next Vital Sign – A Wearable Breakthrough in Trauma, Sepsis, and Vascular HealthTBMG-5411611/1/2025
Research on Automotive Vibration Comfort Based on Psychological Indicators2025-99-004610/17/2025
In recent years, the vibration comfort of automobiles has become a key consideration for consumers when purchasing vehicles. This study introduces human electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and blood pressure, and proposes a comfort prediction model based on physiological indicators. The research steps include: obtaining riding indicators and subjective feelings on flat and bumpy roads, and analyzing the differences in heart rate variability indicators and blood pressure under different road conditions through paired sample tests; playing different sound signals on bumpy roads, and using repeated measures analysis of variance to explore their impacts on physiological indicators and subjective evaluations; conducting data validity tests on the subjective evaluation results, and constructing a comfort prediction model based on correlation analysis and support vector regression algorithm. The results show that there are significant differences in indicators such as the average RR interval and
Hu, Li, Chen, Hao, Wan, Yeqing, Tian, Ruili, Xu, Jiahao
Research on the Construction of Hardware Reliability System of Electronic Equipments for Rail Traffic Vehicles2025-99-006410/17/2025
Reliability engineering is a science and technology to fight against product failure, which includes reliability requirements and allocation, reliability analysis, reliability modeling and prediction, reliability design, reliability test, reliability testing, operational reliability and other activities. The important condition for the high-quality development of rail traffic is the stable operation of equipment, and the electronic equipment of rail traffic vehicles is mostly the “brain” of the key system. At present, the contradiction between performance optimization and structural complexity is increasingly prominent. In order to cope with the variable operating conditions and harsh environment of vehicles, the requirements for reliability are getting higher and higher. It is of great significance to carry out reliability engineering for its high-quality development. This paper introduces the construction of the reliability system of the electronic equipment of rail traffic vehicles
Song, Xiaozhong, Song, Mengsi, Wang, Lei
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