Browse Topic: Respiratory system
Drug-delivery researchers have developed a device with the potential to improve gene therapy for patients with inherited lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis. In cell culture and mouse models, scientists demonstrated a novel technique for the aerosolization of inhalable nanoparticles that can be used to carry messenger RNA, the technology underpinning COVID-19 vaccines, to patients’ lungs
Recent advances in technology have opened many possibilities for using wearable and implantable sensors to monitor various indicators of patient health. Wearable pressure sensors are designed to respond to very small changes in bodily pressure, so that physical functions such as pulse rate, blood pressure, breathing rates, and even subtle changes in vocal cord vibrations can be monitored in real time with a high degree of sensitivity
A stretchable system that can harvest energy from human breathing and motion for use in wearable health-monitoring devices may be possible, according to an international team of researchers, led by Huanyu “Larry” Cheng, the Dorothy Quiggle Career Development Professor in Penn State’s department of engineering science and mechanics. The research team, with members from Penn State and Minjiang University and Nanjing University, both in China, recently published its results in Nano Energy
Researchers at the EPFL have achieved a breakthrough in the treatment of tracheomalacia, a condition characterized by weak tracheal cartilage and muscles that normally keep the airway open for proper breathing. The team, composed of EPFL engineers and CHUV pediatric airway surgeons, has successfully developed a novel adhesive hydrogel patch that can effectively alleviate tracheomalacia, providing hope for improved treatment options for this challenging condition. The proof of concept was recently published in iScience
Ultrafine particles, in particular solid sub-100 nm particles pose high risks to human health due to their high lung deposition efficiency, translocation to all organs including the brain and their harmful chemical composition; due to dense traffic, the population in urban environments is exposed to high concentrations of those toxic air contaminants, despite these facts, they are still widely neglected. Therefore, the EU-Commission set up a program for clean and competitive solutions for different problem areas which are regarded to be hotspots of such particles. HORIZON AeroSolfd is an EU project, co-funded by Switzerland that will deliver affordable, adaptable, and sustainable retrofit solutions to reduce exhaust tailpipe emissions from petrol engines, brake emissions and pollution in semi-closed environments. VERT, a Swiss based international industry organization, has a long research history in the field of nanoparticle filtration and it is in charge of reducing tailpipe emissions
This document defines the minimum degree of purity and maximum levels of certain deleterious impurities allowable for aviator's breathing oxygen at the point of manufacture or generation. It covers gaseous, liquid, and chemically generated oxygen, and oxygen supplied by in situ concentration and in situ electrolysis. Different limits are established for oxygen from different sources, in recognition of differences in the ways the oxygen is stored, dispensed, and utilized, taking into account the safety of the user. These limits are not intended to specifically reflect upon the relative capabilities or merits of various technologies. Procurement documents may specify more stringent limits, where required for specific applications. Medical oxygen is not covered by this standard. In the United States, medical oxygen is a prescription drug and complies with the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). In Europe, medical oxygen specification compiles with the European Pharmacopoeia monograph (Ph
There’s nothing more core to turbomachinery than moving fluid at increasingly high speeds and pressures. Whether we’re talking about industrial turbines, air breathing jet engines, or liquid-rocket space applications, the higher the pressure and the higher the flow rate, the better the performance
One in 10 adults suffer from the debilitating effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Research around a new breathing device developed by pulmonologists at the University of Cincinnati offers promise for improving their lives
Right now there are more than 100,000 people in need of an organ. The long list isn’t just an issue of supply and demand, but of delivery too. When a heart becomes available, a four-hour clock starts ticking — it has to be put on ice, shipped to where it’s needed, and patient, surgeon and support staff have to be summoned. If that takes longer than four hours, the chance of a body accepting the organ diminishes rapidly. By six hours, it’s pretty much too late
This report presents, paraphrased in tabular format, an overview of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) for aircraft oxygen systems. It is intended as a ready reference for those considering the use of oxygen in aircraft and those wishing to familiarize themselves with the systems requirements for existing aircraft. This document is not intended to replace the oxygen related FAR but rather to index them in some order. For detailed information, the user is referred to the current issue of the relevant FAR paragraph referenced in this report
Inhalers are among the most commonly used devices for treating respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). With each inhalation through the inhaler, the device delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs. However, it is commonly misused because patients often have problems adopting the correct inhaler technique and thus receive insufficient medication. This leads to poor disease control and increased healthcare costs
A new kind of fiber called OmniFibers can be made into clothing that senses how much it is being stretched or compressed and then provides immediate tactile feedback in the form of pressure, lateral stretch, or vibration. Such fabrics could be used in garments that help train singers or athletes to better control their breathing or that help patients recovering from disease or surgery to recover their breathing patterns
Smart speakers have proven adept at monitoring certain healthcare issues at home including detecting cardiac arrest or monitoring babies’ breathing. Now, the speakers can be used to track the minute motion of individual heartbeats in a person sitting in front of the speaker
At present, the research on fatigue driving at home and abroad mainly has the following three methods: (i) driving behavioral (vehicle-based), (ii) driver behavioral (video-based), and (iii) driver physiological signals measure. The physiology-based methods have the highest recognition result. When drivers are in a state of fatigue, the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) activity will be reflected from the physiological signal. Most of the contact sensors are used to obtain the physiological signal information of the driver. However, the contact sensors will affect the driver's driving operation, so this paper uses the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar to collect the physiological signals. A fatigue driving simulation experiment was designed to collect experimental subjects' physiological signal data and separate the steady heartbeat and respiratory signals. Perform heart rate variability (HRV) time domain and frequency domain analysis on the heartbeat signal, and get the
The core mechanism of a miniature sensor on a chip incorporates two layers of silicon that overlay each other separated by the space of 270 nanometers — about 0.005 the width of a human hair. They carry a minute voltage. Vibrations from bodily motions and sounds put part of the chip in flux, making the voltage flux and creating readable electronic outputs. In human testing, the chip has recorded a variety of signals from the mechanical workings of the lungs and the heart with clarity — signals that often escape meaningful detection by current medical technology
The use of alternative fuels, especially oxygenated fuels in automobile engines, has been increasing owing to the stringent global fuel economy and emission regulations. As a result, it is concerned that the emissions of alcohols and aldehydes have increased significantly. Aldehydes, formaldehyde (HCHO) in particular, are non-criteria pollutants that are acutely toxic and/or carcinogenic. Several reports have associated HCHO with potential lung and airway cancers. Therefore, emission regulations for these compounds have already been implemented in several areas worldwide. The conventional measurement (impinger, etc.) methods for HCHO possess advantages and disadvantages. HCHO can be measured with high sensitivity if measured in a batch. However, in real-time measurements, low concentration measurements are challenging. To overcome this challenge, a real-time HCHO analyzer for low concentration measurement of 0.1 ppm resolution in real time of 10Hz was developed in this study based on
The size and distribution of a vehicle’s tailpipe particulate emissions can have a strong impact on human health, especially if the particles are small enough to enter the human respiratory system. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) has been adopted widely to meet stringent fuel economy and CO2 regulations across the globe for recent engine architectures. However, the introduction of GDI has led to challenges concerning the particulate matter (PM) and particle number (PN) emissions from such engines. This study aimed to compare the particulate emissions of three SI combustion strategies: conventional SI, conventional stoichiometric low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR), and Dedicated-EGR (D-EGR) at four specific test conditions. It was shown that the engine-out PM/PN for both the EGR strategies was lower than the conventional SI combustion under normal operating conditions. The test conditions were chosen to represent the WLTC test conditions. It was also observed that the
The nitrogen oxide (NOx) emitted by the internal engines is an undesirable pollutant and responsible for the photochemical smog when reacts with ultraviolet light from the sun. This smog can cause eyes and respiratory system irritation as also damage plants. The torch ignition system has been proving to be a viable alternative for reducing NOx emissions, and it is one of the main attractions of the system. NOx formation is closely related to the system’s work temperature. Thus, determining the temperature in the pre-chamber is of fundamental importance, whereas the torch ignition system operating at a temperature above the specified, could lead to an increase in NOx emissions, in the probability of detonation and in the probability of pre-ignition, the possibility of limiting performance, an increase in mechanical efforts and deformation/ breakage. Thus, the purpose of this article is to develop a methodology for determining the combustion gases temperature in the pre-chamber by
Researchers have created an individual biocontainment unit (IBU) that uses negative pressure to suction the air from around a patient and filter out viral particles. This prevents environmental contamination and limits exposure to SARS-CoV-2. In addition to guarding against COVID-19, the IBU could be rapidly deployed to isolate patients with any respiratory illness such as influenza, MERS, or tuberculosis
This document presents a glossary of many terms found in literature related to aviation oxygen systems and associated topics. Such a listing can never be all inclusive, but the majority of important terms are anticipated to be included for reference
The use of composite materials is on the rise. Consequently, this guide was developed to provide base-level Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE) personnel with a comprehensive baseline for identifying, evaluating, and controlling occupational and environmental hazards associated with composite fibers and materials
Anti-pollution masks have been experiencing a noteworthy importance in protecting people from hazardous health effects imparted by pollution gases. Incorporating elements with good adsorption properties in mask could enhance the filtration of air in a fine quality. Activated carbon has been well acknowledged in terms of evincing adequate adsorption properties. This peculiar property of activated carbon made it to be appraised where air filtration comes into light. This work deals with a novel methodology for measurement study on the pollutant gas adsorption effect of activated carbon particle pellets incorporated in the protective facial mask for better adsorption of main pollutant gases utilizing recycled wood wastes. The resulted mask is up to the par and adsorption capability is well appreciated enough to resist the passage of dust particles through nostrils. Easily available and scraped industrial wood waste materials were utilized to synthesize activated carbon. This was
Today, more than ever before, “never fail” operation of emergency and critical care equipment is a need, not an option. Devices such as ventilators provide life-maintaining oxygen, and the recent pandemic has increased demand for these devices. Ventilators are mission-critical to sustaining life and require a robust design to ensure they maintain the necessary up-time for patient care
The current global health crisis only serves to underscore the ongoing challenges faced by medical equipment OEMs. Consider the all-important ventilator. The system not only needs to adjust speed to augment patient breathing, it also needs to be suitable for bedside operation. It needs to be quiet and compact. Efficiency should be maximized, not just to minimize heat dissipation but also to reduce power consumption. Above all, systems need to be reliable, as the life of the patient depends upon the lifetime of the equipment. By making an informed choice of motor, OEMs can make great strides toward achieving these goals
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