Browse Topic: Medical, health, and wellness

Items (8,198)
The increasing demand for alternative fuels due to environmental concerns has sparked interest in biodiesel as a viable substitute for conventional diesel. Most automotive engines use diesel fuel engines. They contribute a major portion of today’s air pollution, which causes serious health issues including chronic bronchitis, respiratory tract infections, heart diseases, and many more. Greenhouse gases are produced using fossil fuel in the engines and causes global warming. To combat air pollution, we need clean renewable and environmentally friendly fuels. Due to depletion of fossil fuels, it has become necessary to find alternative fuel which are safer for the environment and humankind. One such possible solution is Biodiesel. In present study, series of experiments were carried out on 435cc naturally aspirate DI Diesel engine with port water injection and different blend of Jatropha based Biodiesel. Biodiesel was derived from Jatropha oil, produced using a heterogeneous catalyst
Bhoite, VikramSyed, KaleemuddinChaudhari, SandipKhairnar, GirishJagtap, PranjalReddy, Kameswar
In order to explore the actual safety management effect of safety signs and better carry out on-site safety management, this article independently developed an evaluation scale for the management effect of safety signs. Taking a certain marine engineering equipment manufacturing enterprise as the object, the management of safety signs was evaluated and analyzed. Firstly, 11 questions from the SPSSAU online analysis scale were selected as measurement indicators to test safety label management. Factor analysis was used to select three factors: cognitive function, compliance behavior, and leadership attitude. Secondly, a safety identification management model was constructed based on structural equation modeling (SEM) with three factors as latent variable factors. Through fitting tests, it was found that cognitive effects, compliance behaviors, and leadership attitudes have a certain impact on management effectiveness, and there is a positive correlation between the three latent variable
Wang, ChunyuanYang, GuihuaLi, XinyaoZhu, Jie
Reliability engineering is a science and technology to fight against product failure, which includes reliability requirements and allocation, reliability analysis, reliability modeling and prediction, reliability design, reliability test, reliability testing, operational reliability and other activities. The important condition for the high-quality development of rail traffic is the stable operation of equipment, and the electronic equipment of rail traffic vehicles is mostly the “brain” of the key system. At present, the contradiction between performance optimization and structural complexity is increasingly prominent. In order to cope with the variable operating conditions and harsh environment of vehicles, the requirements for reliability are getting higher and higher. It is of great significance to carry out reliability engineering for its high-quality development. This paper introduces the construction of the reliability system of the electronic equipment of rail traffic vehicles
Song, XiaozhongSong, MengsiWang, Lei
Uneven thawing of frozen soil in the subgrade of wide highway leads to settlement difference of the pavement, which affects the driving comfort. The prefabricated bridge-type pavement mitigates the disease of wide subgrade in permafrost region by applying prefabricated slabs in the subgrade. In order to verify the deformation adjustment effect on wide subgrade of prefabricated bridge-type pavement, earth-filled pavement and prefabricated bridge-type pavement numerical models were established and subgrade mechanical behaviors were analyzed under frozen soil thawing in active layer, frozen soil thawing in localized deteriorated zone and vehicle loading. Comparative analysis of pavement settlement of earth-filled pavement and prefabricated bridge-type pavement under various cases is carried out. The results show that the maximum settlement of prefabricated bridge-type pavement decreases by about 32%~48%, and the settlement difference decreases by about 45%~65%, which has a good adjustment
Yu, YuanqingZhang, LiWang, ShanCheng, Litao
In recent years, the vibration comfort of automobiles has become a key consideration for consumers when purchasing vehicles. This study introduces human electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and blood pressure, and proposes a comfort prediction model based on physiological indicators. The research steps include: obtaining riding indicators and subjective feelings on flat and bumpy roads, and analyzing the differences in heart rate variability indicators and blood pressure under different road conditions through paired sample tests; playing different sound signals on bumpy roads, and using repeated measures analysis of variance to explore their impacts on physiological indicators and subjective evaluations; conducting data validity tests on the subjective evaluation results, and constructing a comfort prediction model based on correlation analysis and support vector regression algorithm. The results show that there are significant differences in indicators such as the average RR interval and
Hu, LiChen, HaoWan, YeqingTian, RuiliXu, Jiahao
A kinematic model of primary piston motion was developed along with a simplified combustion model for the purpose of evaluating various factors that could impact the piston skirt thrust loads of an Opposed Piston Two Stroke Diesel engine. The assessment considered connecting rod length, wrist pin mass, peak cylinder pressure, indicated torque, and wrist pin offset. The results show that small changes in connecting rod length could realize significant improvements in piston skirt friction as well as increased engine performance. The results indicate that small increases in overall engine width should be considered when optimizing for reduced oil consumption and enhanced piston skirt lubrication.
Srodawa, John
Evaluation of integrated human-machine systems depends on having accurate human performance models. However, such models often provide only instantaneous snapshots of cognitive state and fail to account for ongoing dynamics. We argue that generative AI solutions can be used to alleviate this problem. Generative AI tools have been successful when applied to problems that have repeatable structure captured by a low-dimensional lexicon and associated with large amounts of training data. These properties apply to human performance modeling as well. Here, we introduce our Generative Cognitive Modeling Tool, a prototype human performance model developed using strategies from the generative AI community. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using simulated driving data. Our results show that cognitive states associated with driving errors are not randomized events but rather the outcome of continuous dynamics and are predictable up to 25 secs prior to the error event. We also find that
Gordon, S. M.Lawhern, V. J.Touryan, J.
The increased functionality of today’s medical devices is astounding. Optical devices, for example, analyze chemicals, toxins, and biologic specimens. Semiconductor devices sense, analyze, and communicate. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices utilize inertial methods to detect motion, direct light, and move components over short distances. Radiofrequency (RF) devices communicate wirelessly to other devices directly and remotely over the Internet. Handheld acoustic devices scan the body and build a virtual 3D model that shows conditions in the body. The innovation currently happening in the medical device industry is staggering, limited only by imagination and finding technical methods to implement the vision.
To meet the need for better 3D imaging that works during live surgery, researchers recently developed a new kind of surgical microscope called the Fourier light-field multiview stereoscope, known as FiLM-Scope.
University of Liège Liège, Belgium
A wearable wristband could significantly improve diabetes management by continuously tracking not only glucose but also other chemical and cardiovascular signals that influence disease progression and overall health.
Researchers have developed a 3D microprinted sensor for highly sensitive on-chip biosensing. The sensor, which is based on a polymer whispering-gallerymode microlaser, opens new opportunities for developing high-performance, cost-effective lab-on-a-chip devices for early disease diagnosis.
A toothbrush-shaped ultrasound transducer can provide a less invasive screening for gum disease. In proof-of-concept demonstrations on animal tissues, the device produced measurements similar to those of a manual probe.
Metabolic imaging is a noninvasive method that enables clinicians and scientists to study living cells using laser light, which can help them assess disease progression and treatment responses. But light scatters when it shines into biological tissue, limiting how deeply it can penetrate and hampering the resolution of captured images.
Researchers have developed a soft, thin-film auditory brainstem implant (ABI). The device uses micrometer-scale platinum electrodes embedded in silicone, forming a pliable array just a fraction of a millimeter thick. This novel approach enables better tissue contact, potentially preventing off-target nerve activation and reducing side effects.
Researchers have developed a handheld device that could potentially replace stethoscopes as a tool for detecting certain types of heart disease.
Researchers have created a groundbreaking prototype for a new kind of leadless pacemaker designed for both children and adults. The innovative micropacemaker would be the first fully leadless system to be placed in the pericardial space surrounding the heart. That would allow the device to be implanted in a minimally invasive way in children and those with congenital heart disease, while also providing a lower-risk leadless pacemaker option for adults.
Engineers have developed a smart capsule called PillTrek that can measure pH, temperature, and a variety of different biomarkers. It incorporates simple, inexpensive sensors into a miniature wireless electrochemical workstation that relies on low-power electronics. PillTrek measures 7 mm in diameter and 25 mm in length, making it smaller than commercially available capsule cameras used for endoscopy but capable of executing a range of electrochemical measurements.
EPFL researchers have developed a customizable soft robotic system that uses compressed air to produce shape changes, vibrations, and other haptic, or tactile, feedback in a variety of configurations. The device holds significant promise for applications in virtual reality, physical therapy, and rehabilitation.
MIT researchers have used 3D printing to produce self-heating microfluidic devices, demonstrating a technique which could someday be used to rapidly create cheap, yet accurate, tools to detect a host of diseases.
The return to Earth is a rough ride for astronauts, from the violent turbulence of atmospheric entry to a jarring landing. Hitting the ground in a Soyuz capsule is the equivalent of driving a car backward into a brick wall at 20 mph, and it’s resulting in more head and neck injuries than NASA computer models predicted. To collect more data, NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston commissioned a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) project to develop a wearable data recorder for astronaut spacesuits. One result, created by Diversified Technical Systems Inc. (DTS), is a miniature commercial device that now collects and transmits data for any application from airplane test flights to tracking high-value shipments.
The wealth of information provided by our senses that allows our brain to navigate the world around us is remarkable. Touch, smell, hearing, and a strong sense of balance are crucial to making it through what to us seem like easy environments such as a relaxing hike on a weekend morning.
Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed a programmable steering wheel called the Tri-Rotor, which allows an astronaut the ability to easily operate a vehicle on the surface of a planet or moon despite the limited dexterity of their spacesuit. This technology was originally conceived for the operation of a lunar terrain vehicle (LTV) to improve upon previous Apollo-era hand controllers. In re-evaluating the kinematics of the spacesuit, such as the rotatable wrist joint and the constant volume shoulder joint, engineers developed an enhanced and programmable hand controller that became the Tri-Rotor.
Human driver errors, such as distracted driving, inattention, and aggressive driving, are the leading causes of road accidents. Understanding the underlying factors that contribute to these behaviors is critical for improving road safety. Previous studies have shown that physiological states, like raised heart rates due to stress and anxiety, can influence driving behavior, leading to erratic driving and an increased risk of accidents. In this study, we conducted on-road tests using a measurement system based on the Driver-Driven vehicle-Driving environment (3D) method. We collected physiological signals, specially electrocardiography (ECG) data, from human drivers to examine the relationship between physiological states and driving behaviors. The aim was to determine whether ECG can serve as an indicator of potential risky driving behaviors, such as sudden acceleration and frequent steering adjustments. This information enables automated driving (AD) systems to intervene in dangerous
Ji, DejieFlormann, MaximilianBollmann, JulianHenze, RomanDeserno, Thomas M.
A paper-based diagnostic device can detect COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in under 10 minutes, without the need for sophisticated lab equipment or trained personnel.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading — and growing — cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the economic burden of care projected to skyrocket over the coming decades.
When it comes to technology adoption, the healthcare industry is historically risk averse. Despite strict regulations protecting patient data and concerns over medical outcomes, a new report from Mordor Intelligence reports that the global market for wireless portable medical devices is expected to exceed $31.4 billion this year. 1 The same report projects 12.14 percent compound annual growth through 2030 to meet the demands of a burgeoning geriatric population for wearable and implantable devices and in-home vital signs monitoring.
Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) has dominated the medical device news in recent years, yet it is only one modality among many in the world of ablation therapies, and while groundbreaking, it is limited to a few diseases. It’s time to broaden the conversation and highlight the myriad innovations in ablation technology transforming medical practice.
A research team has developed DeepNeo, an AI-powered algorithm that automates the process of analyzing coronary stents after implantation. The tool matches medical expert accuracy while significantly reducing assessment time. With strong validation in both human and animal models, Deep-Neo has the potential to standardize monitoring after stent implantation and thus improve cardiovascular treatment outcomes.
Engineering precision is an art of nuance — especially when it comes to selecting the right bearing for medical devices. What begins as a straightforward specification process quickly becomes a complex yet familiar puzzle of competing requirements. Oftentimes, engineers discover that a bearing’s performance extends beyond its basic dimensional specs, involving considerations of material properties, system integration and supply chain dynamics.
Boston Scientific entered 2025 with significant momentum. Fresh off a standout first quarter, the company’s leadership has outlined a compelling vision for sustainable long-term growth rooted in high-performing cardiology franchises, operational precision, and disruptive technologies in electrophysiology (EP). Leaders spoke at a recent Bank of America Healthcare Conference. The discussion marked outgoing CFO Dan Brennan’s final investor presentation and underscored Boston Scientific’s transformation into one of medtech’s most durable growth stories.
EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
Chronic stress can lead to increased blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, decreased immune function, depression, and anxiety. Unfortunately, the tools we use to monitor stress are often imprecise or expensive, relying on self-reporting questionnaires and psychiatric evaluations.
As medical technologies continue to evolve, the demand for miniaturized components with tight tolerances and high performance is accelerating. Meeting these requirements calls for advanced manufacturing methods that can deliver both precision and scalability. One process rising to the challenge is micromolding — a technology that is quietly powering some of the most significant advances in modern medical devices.
Mini organs are incomplete without blood vessels. To facilitate systematic studies and ensure meaningful comparisons with living organisms, a network of perfusable blood vessels and capillaries must be created — in a way that is precisely controllable and reproducible. A team has established a method using ultrashort laser pulses to create tiny blood vessels in a rapid and reproducible manner. Experiments show that these vessels behave just like those in living tissue. Liver lobules have been created on a chip with great success.
The development of drones has raised questions about their safety in case of high-speed impacts with the head. This has been recently studied with dummies, postmortem human surrogates and numerical models but questions are still open regarding the transfer of skull fracture tolerance and procedures from road safety to drone impacts. This study aimed to assess the performance of an existing head FE model (GHBMC M50-O v6.0) in terms of response and fracture prediction using a wide range of impact conditions from the literature (low and high-speed, rigid and deformable impactors, drones). The fracture prediction capability was assessed using 156 load cases, including 18 high speed tests and 19 tests for which subject specific models were built. The GHBMC model was found to overpredict peak forces, especially for rigid impactors and fracture cases. However, the model captured the head accelerations tendencies for drone impacts. The formulation of bone elements, the failure representation
Pozzi, ClémentGardegaront, MarcAllegre, LucilleBeillas, Philippe
This study presents a novel biomimetic flow-field concept that integrates a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) porous architectures with a hierarchical leaf-vein-inspired distribution zone, fabricated through 3D printing. By mimicking natural transport systems, the proposed design enhances oxygen delivery and water removal in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The results showed that I-FF and G-FF significantly improved mass transport and water management compared to conventional CPFF. The integrated design I-FF-LDZ achieves up to 32% improvement in power density at 1.85 A/cm2@0.4 V and delays the onset of mass transport losses. The study also reveals that optimizing the volume fraction Vf significantly affects gas penetration, with lower Vf (30%) improving performance in the mass-limited region. These findings underscore the promise of nature-inspired, 3D-printed flow-field architectures in overcoming key transport limitations and advancing the scalability of next
Ho-Van, PhucLim, Ocktaeck
The urgent need to decarbonise transport has increased the utilisation of renewable fuels blended with current hydrocarbons. Heavy duty vehicle electrification solutions are yet to be realised and therefore the reliance on diesel engines may still be present for decades to come. Currently, the diesel supplied to fuel stations across the UK is a 7% blended biodiesel, whilst in South Korea a 5% blend is utilised. Biodiesel is produced from renewable sources, for example, crops, waste residue, oils and biomass. Particulates from diesel combustion are known to be toxic due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), however there is very limited understanding of blending oxygenated fuels on the toxicity of the particulates produced. PAHs are aromatic structures that can be metabolised into chemicals which can disrupt DNA replication and potentially influence cancer mechanisms if inhaled in high quantities. Soyabean methyl-ester (SME) was blended at lower ratios, e.g., 5
Hailwood, EmmaHellier, PaulLadommatos, NicosLeonard, Martin
A pacemaker is a small device that helps control your heartbeat so you can return to your normal life. It has three main parts: a pulse generator that creates electrical signals, a controller-monitor that manages these signals, and leads that deliver the signals to the heart. One key benefit of the pacemaker is its strong titanium casing. Titanium is very strong and lightweight, and it is biocompatible, meaning it works well with the body without causing harmful reactions. This metal is highly resistant to corrosion, which helps keep the casing intact and protective even when exposed to bodily fluids.
Researchers developed wearable skin sensors that can detect what’s in a person’s sweat. Using the sensors, monitoring perspiration could bypass the need for more invasive procedures like blood draws and provide real-time updates on health problems such as dehydration or fatigue. The sensor design can be rapidly manufactured using a roll-to-roll processing technique that essentially prints the sensors onto a sheet of plastic.
The global medical device manufacturing industry is undergoing a rapid transformation driven by technological innovation, automation, and increasing demands for customized, high-quality care. For engineers at the heart of medtech manufacturing, understanding the latest technologies is crucial not only for maintaining competitiveness but also for ensuring regulatory compliance, improving time to market, and optimizing production workflows.
Public buses can be high-risk environments for the transmission of airborne viruses due to the confined space and high passenger density. However, advanced cabin air control systems and other measures can mitigate this risk. This research was conducted to explore various strategies aimed at reducing airborne particle transmission in bus cabins by using retrofit accessories and a redesigned parallel ventilation system. Public transit buses were used for stationary and on-road testing. Air exchange rates (ACH) were calculated using CO2 gas decay rates measured by low-cost sensors throughout each cabin. An aerosol generator (AG) was placed at various locations inside the bus and particle concentrations were measured for various experiments and ventilation configurations. The use of two standalone HEPA air filters lowered overall concentrations of particles inside the bus cabin by a factor of three. The effect of using plastic “barriers” independently showed faster particle arrival times
Lopez, BrendaSwanson, JacobDover, KevinRenck, EvanChang, M.-C. OliverJung, Heejung
Researchers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center (LaRC) previously conducted a full-scale crash test of a Fokker F28 MK1000 aircraft to study occupant injury risks. The goal of the current study was to investigate the injury predictions of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) and Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) occupant models in the tested aircraft crash condition and explore possible utilization of both human body models (HBMs) in this context. Eight crash conditions were simulated utilizing each of the models. The HBMs were positioned in two postures, a neutral upright posture with hands resting on the legs and feet contacting the floor and a braced posture with head and hand contact with the forward seat back. Head and neck injury metrics and lumbar vertebra axial force were calculated and compared for all simulations. Both HBMs reported similar kinematic responses in the simulated impact conditions. However, the GHBMC
Jones, NathanielPutnam, JacobUntaroiu, Costin Daniel
Current voluntary standards for wheelchair crashworthiness only test under frontal and rear impact conditions. To help provide an equitable level of safety for occupants seated in wheelchairs under side impact, we developed a sled test procedure simulating nearside impact loading using a fixed staggered loading wall. Publicly available side impact crash data from vehicles that could be modified for wheelchair use were analyzed to specify a relevant crash pulse. Finite element modeling was used to approximate the side impact loading of a wheelchair during an FMVSS No. 214 due to vehicle intrusion. Validation sled tests were conducted using commercial manual and power wheelchairs and a surrogate wheelchair base fixture. Test procedures include methods to position the wheelchair to provide consistent loading for wheelchairs of different dimensions. The fixture and procedures can be used to evaluate the integrity of wheelchairs under side impact loading conditions.
Boyle, KyleHu, JingwenManary, MiriamOrton, Nichole R.Klinich, Kathleen D.
There are some paradoxical keys to NVH engineering success that are not taught in engineering schools. This paper will describe these in detail and provide examples to add context. The first unexpected key is that a good generalist makes a better expert. The more you understand the complete product development process, and the better contacts you have throughout the product development organization, the easier it will be for you to find cost effective solutions to your specific issues. Next, you need to know your customers, and that means both internal and external customers. If you work for a supplier, it means knowing original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and end user customers. The more you understand the customers’ needs, the better you can address them and make your product stand out. Another key is to try to turn a crazy idea into something practical. Sometimes you might find a completely insane solution to your problem, such as making a major component out of solid gold. If you
Reinhart, Thomas
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