Browse Topic: Medical, health, and wellness

Items (8,117)
Aerospace engineering programmes typically cover airworthiness philosophies, principles, structures, processes, and procedures. The industry has recently recognized the need to enhance the graduate engineers’ skills around airworthiness. This has led to introduction of standards acting as guides for developing curricula and content for university airworthiness courses. Concept maps, a visual mapping of concepts in a hierarchical way, enjoy wide use in engineering education (teaching and assessment). Airworthiness courses are both technical and legalistic, presenting challenges to students when it comes to understanding complex and intertwined regulations. Schematic representations of concepts can foster the cognitive processes of learning. Concept maps can assess efficiently and comprehensively a multitude of airworthiness topics. This study examines the feasibility of applying concept maps in airworthiness education. Fill-in-a-map concept maps were developed as assessment tools for an
Kourousis, KyriakosChatzi, Anna
Drivers of tipper vehicles due to the nature of the application of carrying heavy loads as well as the rough terrain in off-road conditions are either continuously or intermittently exposed to comprehensive magnitudes of low frequency high amplitude whole-body vibration. This being attenuated due to the nature of the primary vehicle suspension, which is designed to take higher tonnages of load carrying capacity as well as to withstand the rigors of the off road terrain conditions. Prolonged occupational exposure to such vibration has been associated with disorders of the lumbar spine and the connected nervous system. This paper deals with the selection of driver seat suspension to reduce and dampen the transmission of potentially injurious vibration and shock motions to the seated drivers
Venkatesh, SrinivasaPrabhakaran, Baskaran
This paper presents a comprehensive implementation of various Conduit frameworks designed to manage the hygiene of Simulink models in control systems and enhance them to meet industry standards such as MAB, MISRA, Polyspace, and CERT. The core challenge addressed is the minimization of repetitive work and the elimination of cognitive workload. Beginners often struggle to create Simulink models that adhere to industry standards, and keeping track of all the standards can be challenging. Given the complexity and size of these models, manual processing is time-consuming. Our Conduit frameworks help enhance their models for adherence to those standards, improving efficiency by up to 95% and utilizing machine intelligence to process large amounts of code efficiently. The Conduit frameworks also automate non value added (NVA) activities, including updates in properties of variables, checking for unwanted data types that develop during internal calculations of Simulink blocks, and variable
Agrawal, VipulTE, HarikrishnaN, PrajithaKumar, KosalaramanVenkat, HarishShaji, Anish
A silicone membrane for wearable devices is more comfortable and breathable thanks to better-sized pores made with the help of citric acid crystals. The new preparation technique fabricates thin, silicone-based patches that rapidly wick water away from the skin. The technique could reduce the redness and itching caused by wearable biosensors that trap sweat beneath them. The technique was developed by bioengineer and professor Young-Ho Cho and his colleagues at KAIST and reported in the journal Scientific Reports
When a physician injects a patient with medication from a glass vial, they want to know that the drug inside that vial is sterile and stable. That’s where Genesis Packaging Technologies comes in. Genesis Packaging Technologies, formally a division of the West Company, was founded in 1946. Today, Genesis is a one of the leaders in the science and technology of parenteral vial sealing and residual seal force testing
A thin film that combines an electrode grid and LEDs can both track and produce a visual representation of the brain’s activity in real time. The device is designed to provide neurosurgeons visual information about a patient’s brain to monitor brain states during surgical interventions to remove brain lesions including tumors and epileptic tissue
Komatsu introduced its first battery-electric load-haul-dump (LHD) machine, the WX04B, at the MINExpo tradeshow in September. The WX04B is designed specifically for narrow vein mines in underground hard rock mining operations. Komatsu is pairing the electric LHD with its new OEM-agnostic 150-kW battery charger that was also revealed in Las Vegas. The 4-tonne WX04B LHD features what Komatsu claims is best-in-class energy density, offering up to four hours of runtime on a single charge. The Li-ion NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt) battery from Proterra has a capacity of 165 kWh and nominal voltage of 660 V. Fewer charge cycles are needed compared to competitors, the company claims, which helps to maximize operational efficiency and minimize downtime. Proterra and Komatsu began their collaboration on the LHD's H Series battery system in 2021, long before Komatsu's acquisition of American Battery Solutions (ABS) in December 2023
Gehm, Ryan
The 22nd annual Create the Future Design Contest for engineers, students, and entrepreneurs worldwide, sponsored by COMSOL, Inc., and Mouser Electronics, drew innovative product ideas from engineers and students more than 55 countries from around the world. The Medical category itself received many innovative entries from 17 countries. Analog Devices and Intel were supporting sponsors, and Zeus sponsored the Medical category. The contest, which was established in 2002, recognizes and rewards engineering innovations that benefit humanity, the environment, and the economy
Sam Currier Priyan Weerrappuli Extrinsic Immunity, West Bloomfield, MI
Hamdi Torun Arda Deniz Yalcinkaya Gunhan Dundar Ozgue Kaya Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
Wearable devices that use sensors to monitor biological signals can play an important role in health care. These devices provide valuable information that allows providers to predict, diagnose, and treat a variety of conditions while improving access to care and reducing costs
Researchers have been testing ways to continuously and more comfortably detect these tiny fluctuations in pressure. A prototype smart contact lens measures eye pressure accurately, regardless of temperature. The contact lens wirelessly transmits real-time signals about eye pressure across a wide range of temperatures
The introduction of unrestrained torso neck braces as a safety intervention for helmeted motorcycle riders has introduced a set of unsolved challenges. Understanding the injury prevention afforded by these devices depends on a reliable test methodology by which to critically evaluate their efficacy against the most common mechanisms of neck injury. An inverted pendulum test is proposed to evaluate compression flexion (CF), tension flexion (TF), and tension extension (TE) of the neck using a Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (HIII ATD) neck and a motorcycle-specific ATD (MATD) neck. In addition to investigating methods to quantify the beneficial effects of a neck brace, potential adverse effects of such a device are evaluated by measuring and evaluating relevant neck response measures. To that end, measured data using a current neck brace were analyzed and applied to various injury criteria related to the ATD neck used to compare the injury risk predicted by each parameter. The
de Jongh, Cornelis U.Basson, Anton H.Knox, Erick H.Leatt, Christopher J.
This specification covers insecticides for use in disinsection of aircraft as required on international passenger flights
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
This specification covers disinfectants or chemicals for use in disinfecting aircraft after carrying livestock
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
ABSTRACT: Ground vehicle survivability and protection systems and subsystems are increasingly employing sensors to augment and enhance overall platform survivability. These systems sense and measure select attributes of the operational environment and pass this measured “data” to a computational controller which then produces a survivability or protective system response based on that computed data. The data collected is usually narrowly defined for that select system’s purpose and is seldom shared or used by adjacent survivability and protection subsystems. The Army approach toward centralized protection system processing (MAPS Modular APS Controller) provides promise that sensor data will be more judiciously shared between platform protection subsystems in the future. However, this system in its current form, falls short of the full protective potential that could be realized from the cumulative sum of sensor data. Platform protection and survivability can be dramatically enhanced if
ABSTRACT Imagine Soldiers reacting to an unpredictable, dynamic, stressful situation on the battlefield. How those Soldiers think about the information presented to them by the system or other Soldiers during this situation – and how well they translate that into thinking into effective behaviors – is critical to how well they perform. Importantly, those thought processes (i.e., cognition) interact with both external (e.g., the size of the enemy force, weather) and internal (e.g., ability to communicate, personality, fatigue level) factors. The complicated nature of these interactions can have dramatic and unexpected consequences, as is seen in the analysis of military and industrial disasters, such as the shooting down of Iran Air flight 655, or the partial core meltdown on Three Mile Island. In both cases, decision makers needed to interact with equipment and personnel in a stressful, dynamic, and uncertain environment. Similarly, the complex and dynamic nature of the contemporary
McDowell, KalebZywiol, Harry J.
ABSTRACT There is a need to better understand how operators and autonomous vehicle control systems can work together in order to provide the best-case scenario for utilization of autonomous capabilities in military missions to reduce crew sizes and thus reduce labor costs. The goal of this research is to determine how different levels of autonomous capabilities in vehicles affect the operator’s situational awareness, cognitive load, and ability to respond to road events while also responding to other auditory and visual tasks. Understanding these interactions is a crucial step to eventually determining the best way to allocate tasks to crew members in missions where crew size has been reduced due to the utilization of autonomous vehicles. Citation: J. E. Cossitt, C. R. Hudson, D. W. Carruth, C. L. Bethel, “Dynamic Task Allocation and Understanding of Situation Awareness Under Different Levels of Autonomy in Closed-Hatch Military Vehicles”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems
Cossitt, Jessie E.Hudson, Christopher R.Carruth, Daniel W.Bethel, Cindy L.
ABSTRACT Over the last several years all branches of the United States military have experienced an increased number of orthopedic and internal injuries to knees lower back, neck, and digestive system. Additionally the level of severity has also been increasing. Primary cause factors contributing to the overall increase in injuries to US military personnel include the increase in overall individual loads being carried by the individual soldier which at times can approach 150 pounds, higher operations tempo which results in greater exposure to higher levels of impact forces and for a greater duration. The greater impact forces are a result of the poor design of the current bench deployed on United States tactical vehicles, and the brutal nature of the third world transportation networks in Afghanistan and Iraq. This paper documents the engineering approach utilized by AOM Engineering Solutions to achieve the following primary design objectives; improved ergonomic design for injury
Micheli, JohnDonovan, LTC Ken
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to optimize the occupant restraint systems (including both seatbelt and airbag) in a light tactical vehicle under frontal crash conditions through a combination of sled testing and computational modeling. Two iterations of computational modeling and sled testing were performed to find the optimal restraint design solutions for protecting occupants represented by three size of ATDs (namely Hybrid-III 5th percentile female ATD, 50th percentile male ATD, and 95th male ATD) and two military gear configurations, namely improved outer tactical vest (IOTV) and SAW Gunner configuration using a tactical assault panel (TAP). The sled tests with the optimized seatbelt and airbag designs provided significant improvement on the head, neck, chest, and femur injury risks compared to the baseline tests. This study demonstrated the benefit of adding a properly designed airbag and advanced seatbelt to improve the occupant protection in frontal crashes for a light
Hu, JingwenOrton, NicholeChen, CongRupp, Jonathan D.Reed, Matthew P.Gruber, RebekahScherer, Risa
This study aims to explore the multifaceted influencing factors of market acceptance and consumer behavior of low-altitude flight services through online surveys and advanced neuroscientific methods (such as functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI, electroencephalography EEG, functional near-infrared spectroscopy fNIRS) combined with artificial intelligence and video advertisement quantitative analysis. We conducted an in-depth study of the current trends in low-altitude flight vehicle development and customer acceptance of low-altitude services, focusing particularly on the survey methods used for market acceptance. To overcome the influence of strong opinion leaders in volunteer group experiments, we designed specialized surveys targeting broader online and social media groups. Utilizing specialized knowledge in aviation psychology, we designed a distinctive questionnaire and, within just 7 days of its launch, gathered a significant number of valid responses. The data was then
Ma, XinDing, ShuitingLi, Yan
ABSTRACT The objective of this effort is to create parametric Computer-Aided Design (CAD) accommodation models for crew and dismount workstations with specific tasks. The CAD accommodation models are statistical models that have been created utilizing data from the Seated Soldier Study and follow-on studies. The final products are parametric CAD models that provide geometric boundaries indicating the required space and adjustments needed for the equipped Soldiers’ helmet, eyes, torso, knees, boots, controls, and seat travel. Clearances between the Soldier and surrounding interior surfaces and direct field of view have been added per MIL-STD-1472H. The CAD models can be applied early in the vehicle design process to ensure accommodation requirements are met and help explore possible design tradeoffs when conflicts with other design parameters exist. The CAD models are available to government and industry partners and via the GVSC public website once they have undergone Verification
Huston, Frank J.Zielinski, Gale L.Reed, Matthew P.
ABSTRACT The study describes the development of a plug-in module of the realistic 3D Digital Human Modeling (DHM) tool RAMSIS that is used to optimize product development of military vehicle systems. The use of DHM in product development has been established for years. DHM for the development of military vehicles requires not only the representation of the vehicle occupants, but also the representation of equipment and simulation of the impact of such equipment on the Warfighter. To simulate occupants in military vehicles, whether land or air based, realistically, equipment must become an integral part of the extended human model. Simply attaching CAD-geometry to one manikin’s element is not sufficient. Equipment size needs to be scalable with respect to anthropometry, impact on joint mobility needs to be considered with respect to anatomy. Those aspects must be integrated in posture prediction algorithms to generate objective, reliable and reproducible results to help design engineers
Kuebler, ThorstenWirsching, HansBarnes, David
ABSTRACT The use and operation of unmanned systems are becoming more commonplace and as missions gain complexity, our warfighters are demanding increasing levels of system functionality. At the same time, decision making is becoming increasingly data driven and operators must process large amounts of data while also controlling unmanned assets. Factors impacting robotic/unmanned asset control include mission task complexity, line-of-sight/non-line-of-sight operations, simultaneous UxV control, and communication bandwidth availability. It is critical that any unmanned system requiring human interaction, is designed as a “human-in-the-loop” system from the beginning to ensure that operator cognitive load is minimized and operator effectiveness is optimized. Best practice human factors engineering in the form of human machine interfaces and user-centered design for robotic/unmanned control systems integrated early in platform concept and design phases can significantly impact platform
MacDonald, Brian
ABSTRACT To optimize the use of partially autonomous vehicles, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the interactions between these vehicles and their operators. This research investigates the relationship between level of partial autonomy and operator abilities using a web-based virtual reality study. In this study participants took part in a virtual drive where they were required to perform all or part of the driving task in one of five possible autonomy conditions while responding to sudden emergency road events. Participants also took part in a simultaneous communications console task to include an element of multitasking. Situation awareness was measured using real-time probes based on the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) as well as the Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART). Cognitive Load was measured using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and an adapted version of the SOS Scale. Other measured factors included multiple indicators of
Cossitt, Jessie E.Patel, Viraj R.Carruth, Daniel W.Paul, Victor J.Bethel, Cindy L.
ABSTRACT The CAMEL program focused on force protection and demonstrated the possibility to protect occupants through higher underbelly blast levels than normally or previously observed. This required a holistic vehicle systems engineering approach to mitigate blast injuries that both optimized existing systems as well as developed new technologies. The result was zero injury to all occupants as assessed by 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile encumbered ATDs during survivability blast testing. Twelve full scale objective-level blast tests were performed on over seventy fully-instrumented ATDs without a single lower-extremity injury. The lower limb protection was provided by an isolated floor system. This system was developed from the ground-up and occupant-out during the CAMEL program. This paper chronicles the CAMEL floor system’s creation, design, testing, and development process
Kwiatkowski, KevinWatson, ChristopherKorson, Chantelle
ABSTRACT Autonomous robots can maneuver into dangerous situations without endangering Soldiers. The Soldier tasked with the supervision of a route clearing robot vehicle must be located beyond the physical effect of an exploding IED but close enough to understand the environment in which the robot is operating. Additionally, mission duration requirements discourage the use of low level, fatigue inducing, teleoperation. Techniques are needed to reduce the Soldier’s mental stress in this demanding situation, as well as to blend the high level reasoning of a remote human supervisor with the local autonomous capability of a robot to provide effective, long term mission performance. GDRS has developed an advanced supervised autonomy version of its Robotics Kit (GDRK) under the Robotic Mounted Detection System (RMDS) program that provides a cost effective, high-utility automation solution that overcomes the limitations and burden of a purely teleoperated system. GDRK is a modular robotic
Frederick, BrianRodgers, DanielMartin, JohnHutchison, John
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