Browse Topic: Diagnosis
Advancements in sensor technologies have led to increased interest in detecting and diagnosing “driver states”—collections of internal driver factors generally associated with negative driving performance, such as alcohol intoxication, cognitive load, stress, and fatigue. This is accomplished using imperfect behavioral and physiological indicators that are associated with those states. An example is the use of elevated heart rate variability, detected by a steering wheel sensor, as an indicator of frustration. Advances in sensor technologies, coupled with improvements in machine learning, have led to an increase in this research. However, a limitation is that it often excludes naturalistic driving environments, which may have conditions that affect detection. For example, reductions in visual scanning are often associated with cognitive load [1]; however, these reductions can also be related to novice driver inexperience [2] and alcohol intoxication [3]. Through our analysis of the
This standard is intended to apply to portable compressed gaseous oxygen equipment. When properly configured, this equipment is used either for the administration of supplemental oxygen, first aid oxygen or smoke protection to one or more occupants of either private or commercial transport aircraft. This standard is applicable to the following types of portable oxygen equipment: a Continuous flow 1 Pre-set 2 Adjustable 3 Automatic b Demand flow 1 Straight-demand 2 Diluter-demand 3 Pressure-demand c Combination continuous flow and demand flow.
The healthcare industry is evolving and facing two major challenges. First, the rise of chronic diseases. By 2050, chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and respiratory illnesses could account for 86 percent of the 90 million deaths each year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) in its 2023 World Health Statistics report. This increase is due to factors such as an aging population, lifestyle changes, and risk factors like high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and air pollution. Consequently, this creates a second challenge: added strain on healthcare resources. To address this, WHO recommends tackling the root causes of chronic diseases, promoting healthier behaviors, and ensuring universal access to healthcare resources.
Dopamine, a neurotransmitter in our brains, not only regulates our emotions but also serves as a biomarker for the screening of certain cancers and other neurological conditions.
In the realm of ear health, accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, especially when dealing with conditions that can lead to hearing loss. Traditionally, otolaryngologists have relied on the otoscope, a device that provides a limited view of the eardrum’s surface. This conventional tool, while useful, has its limitations, particularly when the tympanic membrane (TM) is opaque due to disease.
Small wearable or implantable electronics could help monitor our health, diagnose diseases, and provide opportunities for improved, autonomous treatments. But to do this without aggravating or damaging the cells around them, these electronics will need to not only bend and stretch with our tissues as they move, but also be soft enough that they will not scratch and damage tissues.
Nanosensors are transforming the field of disease detection by offering unprecedented sensitivity, precision, and speed in identifying biomarkers associated with various health conditions. These tiny sensors, often built at the molecular or atomic scale, can detect minute changes in biological samples, enabling the early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders.
Solving a decades-old problem, a multi-disciplinary team of Caltech researchers has figured out a method to noninvasively and continually measure blood pressure anywhere on the body with next to no disruption to the patient. A device based on the new technique holds the promise to enable better vital-sign monitoring at home, in hospitals, and possibly even in remote locations where resources are limited.
A wearable health monitor can reliably measure levels of important biochemicals in sweat during physical exercise. The 3D-printed monitor could someday provide a simple and non-invasive way to track health conditions and diagnose common diseases, such as diabetes, gout, kidney disease or heart disease.
iMotions employs neuroscience and AI-powered analysis tools to enhance the tracking, assessment and design of human-machine interfaces inside vehicles. The advancement of vehicles with enhanced safety and infotainment features has made evaluating human-machine interfaces (HMI) in modern commercial and industrial vehicles crucial. Drivers face a steep learning curve due to the complexities of these new technologies. Additionally, the interaction with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) increases concerns about cognitive impact and driver distraction in both passenger and commercial vehicles. As vehicles incorporate more automation, many clients are turning to biosensor technology to monitor drivers' attention and the effects of various systems and interfaces. Utilizing neuroscientific principles and AI, data from eye-tracking, facial expressions and heart rate are informing more effective system and interface design strategies. This approach ensures that automation advancements
Recent advances in technology have opened many possibilities for using wearable and implantable sensors to monitor various indicators of patient health. Wearable pressure sensors are designed to respond to very small changes in bodily pressure, so that physical functions such as pulse rate, blood pressure, breathing rates, and even subtle changes in vocal cord vibrations can be monitored in real time with a high degree of sensitivity.
Remember that party where you were swinging glow sticks above your head or wearing them as necklaces? Fun times, right? Science times, too. Turns out those fun party favors are now being used by a University of Houston researcher to identify emerging biothreats for the United States Navy.
Avoiding lethal outcomes from sepsis — a severe, life-threatening reaction to infection within the body — requires a rapid, accurate diagnosis. Historically, it has been a challenge for healthcare providers to beat the clock and intervene with life-saving care. This has contributed to the disease’s lethality, making sepsis the leading cause of hospital-related deaths in the United States.
Pump systems are ubiquitous in medical and life science products, from blood pressure monitors and drug-delivery devices, to pipettors and diagnostic instruments. As the demand for smaller, less intrusive — sometimes even wearable — products grow, engineers must meet these expectations without compromising on pump system performance.
Today’s necessity to reduce healthcare costs is generating a greater demand for medical electronics equipment that improves and expands patient diagnostics inside and outside healthcare facilities. For instance, portable medical instruments such as glucose meters, blood pressure monitors, oxygen meters, and automated external defibrillators (AED) have undergone many design considerations to be developed for doctors, paramedics, public use, and at home with at-risk patients. This article delves into the design considerations, challenges, and regulatory aspects of medical electronics and provides a case study involving automated external defibrillators (AEDs).
Processes and structures within the body that are normally hidden from the eye can be made visible through medical imaging. Scientists use imaging to investigate the complex functions of cells and organs and search for ways to better detect and treat diseases. In everyday medical practice, images from the body help physicians diagnose diseases and monitor whether therapies are working. To be able to depict specific processes in the body, researchers are developing new techniques for labelling cells or molecules so that they emit signals that can be detected outside the body and converted into meaningful images. A research team at the University of Münster has now adapted a cell labelling strategy currently used in microscopy — the so-called SNAP-tag technology — for use in whole-body imaging with positron emission tomography (PET).
Engineers at MIT and Caltech have demonstrated an ingestible sensor whose location can be monitored as it moves through the digestive tract, an advance that could help doctors more easily diagnose gastrointestinal motility disorders such as constipation, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and gastroparesis.
Made with a laser-modified graphene nanocomposite material, a wearable device can detect specific glucose levels in sweat for three weeks while simultaneously monitoring body temperature and pH levels.
Scientists have created a new way to detect the proteins that make up the pandemic coronavirus as well as antibodies against it. They designed protein-based biosensors that glow when mixed with components of the virus or specific COVID-19 antibodies. This could enable faster and more widespread testing in the near future.
Healthcare facilities and providers are the beneficiaries of impressive advances in therapeutic technologies that push the boundaries of what’s possible in patient care. Wearable devices have evolved from tracking personal fitness statistics to functioning as a direct conduit from patients to providers for diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment analysis. Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently a major driver of imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of oncology-, cardiac-, and diabetes-related conditions, among many others.
Inadequate real-time tissue assessment of biopsies from different cell types, like cancer cells, immune cells, granuloma, and others, forces proceduralists, such as bronchoscopists and radiologists, to choose between intraprocedural partial tissue adequacy assessment, rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), or sending tissue samples for full pathology review. Neither truly answers the question, “Do we have enough cells to submit to pathology for the best chance of a conclusive diagnosis?” This can lead to prolonged delay for patient results, the need for a redo procedure, and potential delays for treatment options for the patient.
An electrochemical sensor detects Parkinson’s disease at different stages. The device was fabricated using an ordinary 3D printer and proved capable of early diagnosis, also serving as a model for the identification of other diseases. The sensor rapidly indicates the level of the protein PARK7/DJ-1 in human blood and synthetic cerebrospinal fluid. The molecule is associated with Parkinson’s at levels below 40 μg/L.
The Defense Department is looking to expand the use of its wearable technology to other infectious disease detection in service members, which leaders say will aid in readiness, says Jeff Schneider, program manager for the Rapid Assessment of Threat Exposure project, also known as the RATE program. DOD is extending the project, initially started with the Defense Threat Reduction Agency in 2020, to new user groups after leading a successful prototype during COVID-19, he says.
SMARTSHAPE consortium, led from University of Galway, will develop an implantable medical device for continuous blood pressure monitoring. The consortium has developed an IP-protected technologically disruptive sensor for continuous pressure measurement. They plan to address challenges related to biocompatibility, longevity, and delivery to the target tissue. These need to be overcome to deliver the sensor to the market.
Made of graphene, a cuffless device is worn on the underside of the wrist and can measure blood pressure with comparable accuracy to a standard blood pressure cuff. While the technology is still in its early stages, the researchers envision that the monitor will be worn 24/7.
Preclinical laboratories at academic facilities and contract research organizations (CROs) have traditionally relied on five main imaging modalities: optical, acoustic, x-ray, MRI, and nuclear. Now, photoacoustic imaging, which combines optical and acoustic modalities, is enabling some of the most promising medical research, including providing images of biological structures for increased visibility during surgery and facilitating the analysis of plaque composition to better diagnose and treat coronary artery disease (CAD).
About 25 percent of the U.S. population suffers from fatty liver disease, a condition that can lead to fibrosis of the liver and, eventually, liver failure. Currently there is no easy way to diagnose either fatty liver disease or liver fibrosis. However, MIT engineers have now developed a diagnostic tool, based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), that could be used to detect both of those conditions.
In the future, soft robotic hands with advanced sensors could help diagnose and care for patients or act as more lifelike prostheses.
Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed a thin, flexible, stretchy sweat sensor that can show the level of glucose, lactate, sodium, or pH of your sweat — at the press of a finger. It is the first standalone wearable device that allows the sensor to operate independently — sans any wired or wireless connection to external devices — to directly visualize the measurement’s results.
This procedure applies to directional control valves or other valves which in various positions direct or block fluid flow as applied to Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines as referenced in SAE J1116.
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative condition in the world, second only to Alzheimer’s, and affects 600,000 Americans every year at a cost of $20 billion to the U.S. healthcare system. PD’s symptoms and signs can vary dramatically between patients, and as a result, there is no one standard test or biomarker that can diagnose or track the progression of the disease. When a doctor examines a patient with PD, they assess the presence of three neurological signs: slowed movements (bradykinesia), tremor and muscle rigidity (stiffness) — the presence of at least two of the three is required for a positive diagnosis. These examinations are subjective and imprecise, making it challenging to diagnose and monitor the disease, especially in the early stages when symptoms are mild.
A new auditory sensor will be useful for healthcare devices that diagnose respiratory diseases. The skin-attachable device will also be useful as a sensor in microphones to aid in facilitating communication in disaster situations. It can clearly detect voices even in harsh noisy environments.
The microscope is a workhorse in laboratories for biomedical research and diagnosing disease from tissue samples such as tumor biopsies. A research team led by engineers at the University of Washington has developed a microscope that combines rapid high- and low-power light-sheet microscopy with an open top design that allows for rapid imaging of a wide range of sample types.
Using an array of tiny needles that are almost too small to see, researchers have developed a minimally invasive technique for sampling a largely unexplored human bodily fluid that could potentially provide a new source of information for routine clinical monitoring and diagnostic testing.
The global wearable biosensors market is a rapidly expanding industry with increasingly growing potential for applications in healthcare and technological advances. With potential in remote patient monitoring, diagnosis, and detection of disease, biosensors and wearable devices are gaining substantial interest due to their opportunities to offer continuous and reliable physiological information allowing for better support of patient needs. As part of SAE Media Group’s leading series of medical device conferences, this year’s event will be exploring the key drivers and innovations of the wearable medical biosensors landscape with insights into the latest technologies uncovering the therapeutic scope of medical biosensors and the potential of wearable sensors for decentralized diagnostic testing. Furthermore, this year’s conference will look at how industry is overcoming unmet needs including battery technologies and flexibility for wearable sensors. With growing digital application, the
A research team has developed a new microfluidic chip for diagnosing diseases that uses a minimal number of components and can be powered wirelessly by a smartphone. The University of Minnesota — Twin Cities innovation opens the door for faster and more affordable at-home medical testing.
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