Browse Topic: Wind power

Items (161)
Mitigating environmental impacts is ever more crucial as wind energy technology expands to help meet the Nation’s goal of achieving a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and net zero emissions economy by no later than 2050
Rolling bearings play a critical role in rotating machinery, with their fatigue life directly impacting equipment’s operational reliability. This underscores the significant engineering application value of “fault diagnosis” (FD) technology for rolling bearings in mechanical, automation, and aerospace domains. Literature reviews highlight that a substantial portion of failures in machinery such as jet turbine engines, wind turbines, gear reducers, and induction machines are attributable to bearing issues. Early fault detection and preventive maintenance are therefore imperative for ensuring the smooth operation of rotating machinery. This paper focuses on rolling bearings, delving deep into FD technology using machine learning principles. It analyses the structure and common failure modes of rolling bearings, discussing an FD method based on machine learning. Specifically, the SE-DRN (“squeeze-exclusion deep residual network”) approach is employed, leveraging “variational modal
Muin, Abdullah-AlKhan, ShahrukhMiah, Md Helal
Ice build-up on aircraft and wind turbines can impact the safety and efficiency of their systems
Bhutan is a small nation in the eastern Himalayas, between two of the world's largest neighbors and fastest-growing economies; China, and India. The GDP of the country is $2.707 Billion as of 2022. Bhutan’s largest renewable source is hydropower, which has a known potential of 30,000 MW. However, it has only been able to harvest only 1,480 MW (5% of the potential). The current overall electrification rate is 99% overall with 98.4% in rural areas. It exports 75.5% of total electricity generated in the country to India. However, the reliable supply of electricity remains a big challenge. The government is also pushing the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind to diversify the energy mix and enhance the power security of the country. The share of renewable energy is very minimal at present amounting to 723 kW Solar PV and 600 kW Wind power. Bioenergy in the form of fuel wood, energy crops & crop residues, and cattle dung has great potential in the country as the country’s
Wangchuk, SingyeKumar, Naveen
This article presents a technical study on the integration of hybrid renewable energy sources (RES) with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, aiming to enhance energy efficiency, grid stability, and mitigating power imbalances. The growing adoption of RES and electric vehicles (EV) necessitates innovative solutions to mitigate intermittency and optimize resource utilization. The study’s primary objective is to design and analyze a hybrid distribution generation system encompassing solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power stations, along with a conventional diesel generator, connected to the utility grid. A V2G system is strategically embedded within the microgrid to facilitate bidirectional power exchange between EV and the grid. Methodologically, MATLAB/Simulink® 2021a is employed to simulate the system’s performance over one day. This research addresses a critical research gap in comprehensively evaluating the synergy between hybrid RES and V2G technology within a microgrid context. The
Al-Shetwi, Ali Q.
NASA engineers have developed a new approach to mitigating unwanted motion in floating structures. Ideally suited to applications including offshore wind energy platforms and barges, the innovation uses water ballast as a motion damping fluid
The growing demand for transportation fuels and the global emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have led to increased interest in analyzing transport GHG emissions from the life-cycle perspective. Methanol, a potentially carbon-neutral fuel synthesized from CO2 and H2, has emerged as a promising candidate. This paper conducts a comprehensive life-cycle analysis (LCA) of the GHG emissions associated with the methanol production process, utilizing data inventory from China in 2019. To simulate the synthesis and distillation process of methanol, Aspen Plus is employed, using parameters obtained from actual plants. GHG emissions are then calculated using the GREET model, incorporating updated industry statistics and research findings. The CO2 necessary for methanol production is captured from factory flue gas. Two different sources of H2 are considered: one from Coke Oven Gas (COG) and the hydrogen-rich gas byproduct resulting from COG methanation (Case 1), and the other via
Fu, YangWang, BuyuShuai, Shijin
In recent years, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has grown rapidly, as well as public interest in them. However, the lack of sufficient range is one of the most common complaints about these vehicles, which is particularly problematic for people with long daily commutes. Thus, this article proposed a solution to this problem by installing micro wind turbines (MWTs) on EVs as a range extender. The turbines will generate electricity by converting the kinetic energy of the air flowing through the MWT into mechanical energy, which can have a reasonable effect on the vehicle aerodynamics. The article uses mathematical modelling and numerical analysis. Regarding the modelling, a detailed EV model in MATLAB/SIMULINK was developed to analyze the EV performance using various driving cycles in real time. In terms of numerical analysis, a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been implemented on a sample EV (Kia Soul) and an MWT using the Moving Reference Frame (MRF) method
Ebaid, MunzerShahin, Zin Al Abdin A. E.Alshawabkeh, Mohammad M. D.
The second-life use of batteries from electric vehicles (EV) represents an excellent and cost-effective option for energy storage applications, including the control of fluctuations in energy supply and demand or in combination with solar photovoltaic and wind turbine. Indeed, these batteries are normally replaced from EV use before the end of their service life, when they still have 70-80% of the original capacity. Depending on the cell chemistry and the specific design, such batteries can still be employed in less stressful applications than the automotive one, including commercial, residential, and industrial applications. With the aim to promote the transition to a circular closed-loop economy for spent traction batteries, this study consists in a systematic literature review of available options for reusing EV batteries as a storage system in a factory environment, highlighting benefits and critical aspects
De Luca, CristinaSilvestri, LucaForcina, AntonioSilvestri, CeciliaBella, Gino
In the context of the race toward minimum road transportation carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the needs for tools comparing various powertrain options are of the highest importance. Various authors have demonstrated the necessity to take into account the full life cycle assessment (LCA), a simplified tank-to-wheel calculation being unsatisfactory in providing guidance regarding the optimized technological choices depending of variables manufacturing and operating conditions. There are several examples to be found in the literature but they have been found to be very specific to most of their assumptions (e.g., vehicle models, electricity carbon intensity for usage or production, etc.). This paper focuses first on possibly to establish a more general model and relative graphic tool to compare carbon foot print of various powertrains with incremental electrification levels of light-duty vehicles (spark ignition engine, full hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicle), enabling
Hébert, Guillaume
Wind turbines in cold climates are likely to suffer from icing events, deteriorating the aerodynamic performances of the blades and decreasing their power output. Continuous ice accretion causes an increase in the ice mass and, consequently, in the centrifugal force to which the ice shape is subjected. This can result in the shedding of chunks of ice, which can jeopardize the aeroelastic properties of the blade and, most importantly, the safety of the surrounding people and of the wind turbine structure itself. In this work, ice shedding analysis is performed on a quasi-3D, multi-step ice geometry accreted on the NREL 5MW reference wind turbine. A preliminary investigation is performed by including the presence of an ice protection system to decrease the adhesion surface of the ice on the blade. A reference test case with a simple geometry is used as verification for the correct implementation of the procedure. The procedure was shown to be robust and will be used in the future within
Rausa, AndreaCaccia, FrancescoGuardone, Alberto
This paper aims to design a system to generate energy from flowing wind due to the motion of a vehicle on the road or from the flow of wind in compact areas to utilize the wasteful energy into a useful one. It is envisaged via a design and the improvement in efficiency of a Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and coupled in an integrated system with a Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) that can generate a good amount of electrical energy. Aerodynamic calculations are performed numerically using a CFD Software, and the efficiency of the TENG is evaluated analytically. The Turbine's coefficient of power is validated with the literature for an inlet velocity of 7 m/s with a Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 0.75 and found to reasonably agree with that of experimental results. The baseline design is modified with a new blade arc angle and rotor position angle based on the recommended parameter ranges suggested by previous researchers. Simulations have been performed for different TSR values ranging
Dadhich, BhaveshBamnoliya, FenilRajasingh, EdisonSenthilkumar, Sundararaj
Solar power is abundant — when the Sun is shining. Wind power is steady — when the wind is blowing. And a power grid is extremely convenient — until there’s an outage. But creating a steady supply of electricity from intermittent power sources is a challenge. NASA was focused on this problem more than 45 years ago, when the agency designed a new type of liquid battery during the energy price shocks of the 1970s
The ability to precisely control electrical voltages on a large scale has made possible many efficient, powerful innovations, from high-speed electric trains to wind turbines to electric drive motors for everything from heavy earthmoving equipment to personal electric vehicles (EVs). But the equipment that manages this process — including power inverters, thyristors and variable-speed drives — requires high-performance power electronics cooling. As temperatures rise,the efficiency, reliability, and life spans of these devices drop, and the power electronics inside HEVs and EVs are no exception. Advancements in power electronic thermal management technologies will enable next generation automotive to fulfill increasingly demanding mission objectives. DC-DC converter and inverter systems slated for higher performances, reliable and sustainable applications. Even with very high efficiencies, the components of these systems produce kilowatts of power loss in the form of heat. The current
Sahoo, Pranati
Variable renewable energy (VRE), such as photovoltaic solar and wind turbines, will require new approaches to buffering energy within the grid. This must include significant ancillary services and longer duration storage to buffer seasonal variations in supply and demand. Such services may be economically provided by leveraging the battery resources of electric vehicles (EVs) for frequency response and energy storage for durations of up to a few hours, together with baseload and dispatchable power for longer duration buffering. Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Grid Energy Buffering discusses the unsettled issues and requirements needed to realize the potential of EV batteries for demand response and grid services, such as improved battery management, control strategies, and enhanced cybersecurity. Hybrid and fuel cell EVs have significant potential to act as “peakers” for longer duration buffering, and this approach has the potential to provide all the long-term energy buffering
Muelaner, Jody Emlyn
Dr. Brandon Ennis, Sandia National Laboratories’ offshore wind technical lead, had a radically new idea for offshore wind turbines: instead of a tall, unwieldy tower with blades at the top, he imagined a towerless turbine with blades pulled taut like a bow
Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), in collaboration with colleagues at the University of Cambridge, have developed a new method to dramatically extend the lifetime of organic aqueous flow batteries, improving the commercial viability of a technology that has the potential to safely and inexpensively store energy from renewable sources such as wind and solar
This article presents an original methodology for the multi-objective optimization of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) for a wind turbine (WT). The objective functions of this optimization problem are to minimize the weight and maximize efficiency. This methodology also considers the variations of parameters caused by different factors (manufacturing tolerance, uncertainties in the operating conditions). Using a probabilistic model, the proposed algorithm combines a propagation of uncertainties and an optimization of the function objectives. The optimization is performed using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) with the advantage of exploring the global design space and finding the best compromise between the objectives. In order to verify the solution obtained by this approach, results were compared to the ones obtained by a previous study
Ziat, AbderazzakZaghar, HamidAit Taleb, AbdelmajidSallaou, Mohammed
Gear profile deviation is the difference in gear tooth profile from the ideal involute geometry. There are many causes that result in the deviation. Deflection under load, manufacturing, and thermal effects are some of the well-known causes that have been reported to cause deviation of the gear tooth profile. The profile deviation caused by gear tooth profile deformation due to interference-fit assembly has not been discussed previously. Engine timing gear trains, transmission gearboxes, and wind turbine gearboxes are known to use interference-fit to attach the gear to the rotating shaft. This paper discusses the interference-fit joint design and the mechanism of tooth profile deformation due to the interference-fit assembly in gear trains. A new analytical method to calculate the profile slope deviation change due to interference-assembly of parallel axis spur gears is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed computational algorithm to predict the deformation is demonstrated by
Joshi, YashodhanChowdhury, Sanjib
Given their high-power density, large range of speed change, and reputation of being quieter than counter-shaft gear sets, planetary gear sets (PGS) have advantages to be applied in electric vehicle (EV) applications. Since electric drive unit (EDU) designs are often subject to accelerated development timelines with more versatile gear set layouts than conventional automotive transmissions, accurate prediction of PGS load sharing is needed. In the past, PGS load sharing imbalance used to be considered as a gear set problem focusing only on the effect to gear performance. Finding a closed-form formula has been a focus in gear design. However, early bearing failure in wind turbine gearboxes exposed the limitation of this strategy. With extensive field and laboratory testing, engineers started to notice that load sharing imbalance is essentially a system issue. Non-torque loads on PGS should be considered in the estimation by a gearbox system model. In this study, a virtual design
Ma, QinglongBlack, Derrick
, a Dutch-based startup and a spinoff from the University of Groningen, developed an inventive way to store offshore renewable energy where it is produced: offshore
Aviation industry currently accounts for almost 3% of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite the continuous efforts to reduce this environmental footprint, with the use of technological efficiency driven solutions and operational changes to reduce climatic effects, such as engine improvements, fleet renewals and navigation operational improvements, the industry, which is permanently challenged by the continuously stringent standards, is aware of the need of additional measures to tackle, and even reduce, the GHG emissions, by decoupling the world's industry average growth (almost 4.1% annually) to the aviation's carbon emissions. Given its inherent operational features, the aviation sector requires fuels with high specific energy and energy density. This technical requirement makes the well known clean and efficient electrical propulsion technology to be limited to niche aviation segments (short range and low capacity airplanes) in the short and medium terms. In this
Barbosa, Fábio Coelho
This study proposes a self-powered and aerodynamically robust design of an EV. The vehicle design is proposed using the principles of bio mimicry following the standard procedures of transportation design. Speedform (a primitive form of the vehicle design generally considered as the visual vocabulary for transportation design) was developed computationally using AutoCAD. To enhance the Aerodynamic robustness of the vehicle, unique Aerodynamic Spoilers were proposed. VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine) incorporated with the Aerodynamic spoilers helps in generating the required power for the vehicle. The final external design of the vehicle was modelled on AutoDesk MAYA. The enhanced down force and reduced air drag were analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The realizable k-e turbulence model was used for the CFD analysis on ANSYS Fluent. Drag coefficient, lift coefficient and velocity contours were considered for optimizing and validating the geometry
Moon, Rohini RamraoPrajapati, ShivamMISHRA, PRAYAG RAJ
For years, spring set/electrically released brakes have provided failsafe braking and holding in a multitude of applications. Generally mounted on a motor or drive shaft, the brakes offer holding and dynamic stopping in applications ranging from large wind turbines to small servo motors. Specially designed brake controls are a critical factor of brake performance in any application
Combustion engines using alternative and/or renewable fuels are vital to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. The property of such fuels may vary significantly. The heat release rate of bio and natural gas varies of natural reasons, which is known to cause problems when used in internal combustion engines. Hydrogen is an attractive renewable fuel that has a high potential to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Bio and natural gas can be mixed with hydrogen and the content may vary depending on the availability, e.g., depending on the production from solar and wind power. Variations in the fuel property reduces the engine efficiency, unless the combustion phase is estimated and the ignition (combustion) timing is adapted to compensate for the varying fuel property. Hereby the drivability can be improved, and the fuel consumption decreased significantly, reducing the total cost of ownership and emission of greenhouse gases. However, there is not yet any widespread industrially available
Aengeby, Jakob
The aim of this article is to study the possibility of integrating and designing an optimal continuously variable power-split transmission (CVPST) in the drivetrain of a wind system (rotor, gearbox, and generator). The work focused on the research and defining solutions in the preliminary design phase through structural and behavioral analysis of continuously variable power-split transmissions integrated into the driveline of this system. A CVPST is a gearbox whose gear ratio is dynamic; it can be controlled to take any value within its upper and lower limits. Therefore, regulating the rotation frequency of the shaft of the generator via the continuously variable transmission replaces the traditional solution by using the power electronics that connect the generator to the electrical grid. These systems would permit the turbine to operate at its maximum efficiency and the generator to produce power with a regular frequency without using other devices. Previous studies have suggested
Aittaleb, AbdelmajidSallaou, MohamedZaghar, H.
Electric passenger car with floor battery usually have its front boot space empty and the space is used as additional luggage storage. This space can be utilized to capture the wind energy and generate electricity. Based on this, the objective of this work is to perform an aerodynamic analysis of an electric passenger car using wind turbine placed at the front. Initially the aerodynamic analysis of a basic electric car model is performed and further simulated using wind turbines and aerodynamic add-on-devices. The simulation is carried-out using ANSYS Fluent tool. Based on the simulation result, scaled down optimized model is fabricated and tested in wind tunnel for validation. The result shows reduction of drag coefficient by 5.9
Mendiratta, SnehilSharma, SugatAgrewale, Mohammad RafiqVora, Kamalkishore
On account of boundless presence and eco-friendly nature of Sustainable Energy Sources (SES) like Wind system, PV etc. power generation using SES became more captivating. This work concentrates on Energy Management (EM) of grid synchronized Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) along with fuzzy logic control. Where the HRES system is a combination of solar panel and wind turbine as sources. Along with an electrical battery for energy storage via an interface using a DC-DC fused CUK-SEPIC converter with multiple input is adopted. This convertor is employed to incorporate the HRES to the main grid. In addition to grid integration a Fuzzy Logic Based (FLB) controller is employed to increase the efficiency of the system. The converter topology used is a crossbreed of wind and solar power system, which is used to eliminate the inclusion of MPPT. A two level framework is imposed, which includes a logic controller to ensure efficient EM when HRESs are interconnected with the grid. Simulation
Dayalan, SuchitraRathinam, RajarajeswariPandey, PranavAdap, Mrutyunjay
Wind turbine icing represents the most significant threat to the integrity of wind turbines in cold weather. Ice formation on wind turbine blades was found to cause significant aerodynamic performance degradation, resulting in a substantial drop in energy production. Recently developed Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-based anti-/de-icing systems showed very promising effects for aircraft icing mitigation. In this present study, DBD plasma-based anti-/de-icing systems were employed for wind turbine icing mitigation. First, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of various DBD plasma actuation parameters on its thermodynamic characteristics. An infrared (IR) thermal imaging system is used to quantitatively measure the temperature distributions over the test plate under various test conditions. DBD plasma actuators are embedded over the surface of a DU91-W2-250 wind turbine blade model, and a series of experiments were conducted by using the
Kolbakir, CemGao, LinyueLiu, YangHu, Hui
Accurate quantification of 3D shapes of the complex ice structures accreted on wind turbine blades is highly desirable to develop ice prediction models for more accurate prediction of the aerodynamic performance degradation and power reduction due to the ice accretion on wind turbine blades. In the present study, an experimental investigation was conducted to quantitatively characterize the 3D shapes of the ice structures accreted over a DU91-W2-250 wind turbine airfoil model in the Icing Research Tunnel available at Iowa State University (ISU-IRT). A glaze icing condition and a rime icing condition that wind turbines usually experience in winter were duplicated by using ISU-IRT. A high-resolution non-intrusive 3D scanning system was used to make detailed 3D-shape measurements to quantify the complicated ice structures accreted on the wind turbine airfoil model as a function of the ice accretion time. The measurements results show that the complex 3D shapes of the ice structures
Gao, LinyueVeerakumar, RamsankarLiu, YangHu, Hui
Given approximately one million small and light aircraft in operation worldwide, icing detection and icing quantification of in-flight icing are still an open research topic. Despite technical means are available to de-ice on ground, there is a lack of a suitable control system based on sensor data to de-ice while the aircraft is airborne. Most often, it is still task of the pilot to visually inspect the icing status of the airfoil and/or other critical parts of the aircraft such as engine air intakes, which distracts the flight crew from flying the aircraft especially in IMC conditions. Based on preliminary simulation and tests in 2014 in a collaborative research project lasting from 2015 until 2018, the technology of energy self-sustaining, wireless, self-adhesive smart sensors for industrial sensing in an aerodynamically critical environment (i.e. wind turbines) was further investigated to fulfil general aviation requirements. Prototype hardware setups have been designed and built
Schlegl, ThomasMoser, MichaelLoss, TheresaUnger, Thomas
This paper presents a coupled numerical and experimental study of an unconventional wing profile such as cp-180-050-gn (Cambered plate C = 18% T = 5% R = 0.78). This wing profile deals with low speeds. It is not currently used on any aircraft model. Otherwise, it presents interesting performances that can be exploited for the design of low-speed STOL or VTOL aircraft by mean of the very high lift that it can generate and can fit with different uses such as VAWT, cyclorotors drones, which are designed explicitly for low-speed operations. After a preliminary CFD assessment of the wing a complete experimental characterisation also at high angles of attack has been performed. The excellent agreement between CFD and experiments has allowed producing a complete analysis of the behaviour of the wing profile both before and after stall conditions. This study has the objective of analysing the viability of such an unconventional wing in traditional or over-stalling conditions. A complete
Trancossi, MicheleSharma, Shivesh
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