Browse Topic: Mobility

Items (1,432)
This standard is intended for use by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), regulators, operators, training organizations, and any others who wish to develop curricula for pilot, instructor, and evaluator training courses for new aircraft - VCA. Continuous updates to this standard will be necessary to incorporate advancements in VTOL technologies and training methods. This standard describes the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to safely operate VCA for commercial purposes. A Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) may, at their discretion, use this standard to aid the development of existing or future regulations. OEMs and operators may use this standard to develop a curriculum for acceptance or approval by civil regulators. This standard includes a Pilot Training Program developed to address the theoretical and practical training and assessment for VTOL-capable pilot licensing/certification. Additionally, this standard contains the requirements for pilot training and licensing for
G-35A Pilot Training and Certification Committee
The road network is a critical component of modern urban mobility systems, with signalized traffic intersections playing a pivotal role. Traditionally, traffic light phase timings and durations at intersections are designed by transportation engineers using historical traffic data. Some modern intersections employ trigger-based mechanisms to improve traffic flow; however, these systems often lack global awareness of traffic conditions across multiple intersections within a network. With the increasing availability of traffic data and advancements in machine learning, traffic light systems can be enhanced by modeling them as agents operating in an environment. This paper proposes a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based approach for multi-agent traffic light systems within a simulation environment. The simulation is calibrated using real-world traffic data, enabling RL agents to learn effective control strategies based on realistic scenarios. A key advantage of using a calibrated simulation
Kalra, VikhyatTulpule, PunitGiuliani, Pio Michele
The U-Shift IV represents the latest evolution in modular urban mobility solutions, offering significant advancements over its predecessors. This innovative vehicle concept introduces a distinct separation between the drive module, known as the driveboard, and the transport capsules. The driveboard contains all the necessary components for autonomous driving, allowing it to operate independently. This separation not only enables versatile applications - such as easily swapping capsules for passenger or goods transportation - but also significantly improves the utilization of the driveboard. By allowing a single driveboard to be paired with different capsules, operational efficiency is maximized, enabling continuous deployment of driveboards while the individual capsules are in use. The primary focus of U-Shift IV was to obtain a permit for operating at the Federal Garden Show 2023. To achieve this goal, we built the vehicle around the specific requirements for semi-public road
Pohl, EricScheibe, SebastianMünster, MarcoOsebek, ManuelKopp, GerhardSiefkes, Tjark
With many stakeholders involved, and major investments supporting it, the advancements in automated driving (AD) are undoubtedly there. Generally speaking, the motivation for advancing AD is driver convenience and road safety. Regarding the development of AD, original equipment manufacturers, technology start-ups, and AD systems developers have taken different approaches for automated vehicles (AVs). Some manufacturers are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used for AD functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial
Van Schijndel-de Nooij, MargrietBeiker, Sven
Letter from the Guest Editors
Liang, CiTörngren, Martin
Phillips, PaulSlattery, KevinCoyne, JenniferHayes, Michael
Qian, YupingZhang, YangjunZHUGE, WEILINDoo, Johnny
The power assist system of an electric bicycle uses a magnetostrictive torque sensor to detect the pedal force based on the magnetic properties of the crankshaft, which change according to stress. Fe–Ni alloy plating is used to coat the surface of the crankshaft with a magnetic film to enhance the magnetostrictive effect. However, the sensor performance decreases as the plating solution degrades, which necessitates replacement of the plating solution. In this study, experiments were performed to investigate how to prevent or mitigate degradation of the plating solution to reduce waste. The amounts of carbon and sulfur in the magnetic film were found to increase with degradation of the plating solution. The carbon derived from organic reducing agents and their decomposition products, and the sulfur derived from stress relievers and their decomposition products. A method was developed for reducing the amounts of carbon and sulfur in the magnetic film, which would help maintain the sensor
Ohnishi, Hiromichi
The main drivers for powertrain electrification of two-wheelers, motorcycles and ATVs are increasingly stringent emission and noise limitations as well as the upcoming demand for carbon neutrality. Two-wheeler applications face significantly different constraints, such as packaging and mass targets, limited charging infrastructure in urban areas and demanding cost targets. Battery electric two wheelers are the optimal choice for transient city driving with limited range requirements. Hybridization provides considerable advantages and extended operation limits. Beside efficiency improvement, silent and zero emission modes with solutions allowing fully electric driving, combined boosting enhances performance and transient response. In general, there are two different two-wheeler base categories for hybrid powertrains: motorcycles featuring frame-integrated internal combustion engine (ICE) and transmission units, coupled with secondary drives via chain or belt; and scooters equipped with
Schoeffmann, W.Fuckar, G.Hubmann, C.Gruber, M.
With the growing diversification of modern urban transportation options, such as delivery robots, patrol robots, service robots, E-bikes, and E-scooters, sidewalks have gained newfound importance as critical features of High-Definition (HD) Maps. Since these emerging modes of transportation are designed to operate on sidewalks to ensure public safety, there is an urgent need for efficient and optimal sidewalk routing plans for autonomous driving systems. This paper proposed a sidewalk route planning method using a cost-based A* algorithm and a mini-max-based objective function for optimal routes. The proposed cost-based A* route planning algorithm can generate different routes based on the costs of different terrains (sidewalks and crosswalks), and the objective function can produce an efficient route for different routing scenarios or preferences while considering both travelling distance and safety levels. This paper’s work is meant to fill the gap in efficient route planning for
Bao, ZhibinLang, HaoxiangLin, Xianke
Bicycle computers record and store kinematic and physiologic data that can be useful for forensic investigations of crashes. The utility of speed data from bicycle computers depends on the accurate synchronization of the speed data with either the recorded time or position, and the accuracy of the reported speed. The primary goals of this study were to quantify the temporal asynchrony and the error amplitudes in speed measurements recorded by a common bicycle computer over a wide area and over a long period. We acquired 96 hours of data at 1-second intervals simultaneously from three Garmin Edge 530 computers mounted to the same bicycle during road cycling in rural and urban environments. Each computer recorded speed data using a different method: two units were paired to two different external speed sensors and a third unit was not paired to any remote sensors and calculated its speed based on GPS data. We synchronized the units based on the speed signals and used one of the paired
Booth, Gabrielle R.Siegmund, Gunter P.
During a pitch-over event, the forward momentum of the combined bicycle and rider is suddenly arrested causing the rider and bicycle to rotate about the front wheel and also possibly propelling the rider forward. This paper examines the pitch-over of a bicycle and rider using two methods different from previous approaches. One method uses Newton’s 2nd Law directly and the other method uses the principle of impulse and momentum, the integrated form of Newton’s 2nd Law. The two methods provide useful equations, contributing to current literature on the topic of reconstructing and analyzing bicycle pitch-over incidents. The analysis is supplemented with Madymo simulations to evaluate the kinematics and kinetics of the bicycle and rider interacting with front wheel obstructions of different heights. The effect of variables such as rider weight, rider coupling to the bicycle, bicycle speed, and obstruction height on resulting kinematics were evaluated. The analysis shows that a larger
Brach, R. MatthewKelley, MireilleVan Poppel, Jon
It is becoming increasingly common for bicyclists to record their rides using specialized bicycle computers and watches, the majority of which save the data they collect using the Flexible and Interoperable Data Transfer (.fit) Protocol. The contents of .fit files are stored in binary and thus not readily accessible to users, so the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the differences induced by several common methods of analyzing .fit files. We used a Garmin Edge 830 bicycle computer with and without a wireless wheel speed sensor to record naturalistic ride data at 1 Hz. The .fit files were downloaded directly from the computer, uploaded to the chosen test platforms - Strava, Garmin Connect, and GoldenCheetah - and then exported to .gpx, .tcx and .csv formats. Those same .fit files were also parsed directly to .csv using the Garmin FIT Software Developer Kit (SDK) FitCSVTool utility. The data in those .csv files (henceforth referred to as “SDK data”) were then either directly
Sweet, DavidBretting, Gerald
SAE J3230 provides Kinematic Performance Metrics for Powered Standing Scooters. These performance metrics include many tests which require specific conditions including flat pavement with a near zero slope, drivers of specific height and weights, and data acquisition equipment. In order to determine the efficacy of replicating SAE J3230 tests in a laboratory setting, a device called the Micromobility Device Thermo-Electric Dynamometer was used alongside outdoor tests to provide a comparison of scooter performance in these two testing applications. Based on the testing outcomes, it can be determined whether SAE J3230 and similar standards for other micromobility devices can be replicated in a lab-based setting, saving time, operator hazard, and providing more thorough data outputs.
Bartholomew, MeredithAndreatta, DaleZagorski, ScottHeydinger, Gary
Modern military operations prove that increased terrain mobility is critical for heavy tracked vehicles’ (HTVs) survivability and lethality. HTV major system packaging as a component of preliminary design with many physical constraints and assumptions poses great challenges for mobility. This paper develops an approach and a method that accounts for such constraints/assumptions and optimizes the packaging of the HTV system assembly, including vehicle armor, armament and munition, powertrain, and fuel tanks. The optimization purpose is to accommodate the center of gravity for improving ground pressure distribution and then reducing the sinkage. This work is based on a literature review and combines numerous techniques rooted in Western literature and Eastern Soviet- and post-Soviet-era literature. The optimization process is developed using a genetic algorithm. The Mean Relative Design (MRD) parameter is proposed to study the average system rearrangement (i.e., re-packing) that is
Vardi, HaggayVantsevich, VladimirGorsich, David
Reducing vehicle numbers and enhancing public transport can significantly cut emissions in the transport sector. Hydrogen-fueled and battery electric buses show the potential for decarbonization, but a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is essential to evaluate carbon emissions from energy production and manufacturing. In addition, even associated pollutant emissions, together with components’ wear, must be taken into account to evaluate the overall environmental impact. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis complements this by assessing long-term expenses, enabling stakeholders to balance environmental and economic considerations. This study examines carbon and pollutant emissions alongside TCO for innovative urban mobility powertrains (compared with diesel), focusing on Italian current and future hydrogen and electricity mix scenarios, even considering 100 % green hydrogen (100GH), the goal being to support sustainable decision-making and to promote eco-friendly transport solutions. The
Brancaleoni, Pier PaoloDamiani Ferretti, Andrea NicolòCorti, EnricoRavaglioli, VittorioMoro, Davide
Cilia, small, slender, hair-like structures present on the surface of all mammalian cells, play a major role in locomotion and are involved in mechanoreception. Ciliary motion in the upper airway is the primary mechanism by which the body transports foreign particulates out of the respiratory system to maintain proper respiratory function.
Letter from the Guest Editors
Kolhe, Mohan LalZhang, Ronghui
A team of engineers is on a mission to redefine mobility by providing innovative wearable solutions to physical therapists, orthotic and prosthetic professionals, and individuals experiencing walking impairment and disability. Co-founded by Ray Browning and Zach Lerner, Portland-based startup Biomotum, aims “to empower mobility by energizing every step” through their wearable robotics technology.
From automakers to companies in the wider mobility industry, hydrogen power is seeing no shortage of investment and research even as some remain unconvinced of its future. Most outsiders to the transportation industry don't know much about rapid developments in hydrogen fuel-cell and hydrogen internal-combustion. There just aren't the large-scale commercial and public efforts to inform the public as exist for the battery-electric vehicle market. Still, 50% of people in a recent Department of Energy survey said they understood that hydrogen has a chance to be a clean alternative source of power for vehicles and even for homes. Spotlight or no, progress is being made. And though much of it is outside the United States, American cities and companies have absolutely not given up on the technology. SAE Media wanted to check in and note recent transportation developments that use the earth's most abundant element.
Clonts, Chris
The scope of this ARP is as follows: Use of M&S for type certification of the Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft, product, or system. However, this does not preclude this ARP being used for certification of other aircraft types and associated products and systems. This ARP is not applicable to flight simulation training device (FSTD) qualifications or pilot certification. If a qualified FSTD is proposed for aircraft, product, or system certification, it must demonstrate sufficient M&S substantiation to meet the related requirement. Structural design and modeling are not addressed by this document. EMI/EMC certification is not addressed by this document.
G-35, Modeling, Simulation, Training for Emerging AV Tech
This standard will apply primarily to the vehicle classes identified in SAE J3194. It provides a schema for utilizing alphanumeric values to represent identifying information such as the manufacturer or vehicle provider, year of manufacture, model, vehicle type, weight, width, speed, and power source. Although conceptually similar to a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), this standard does not classify or intend to suggest classification of these vehicles as motor vehicles for regulatory or safety data purposes. The location for placement of these identifiers on the vehicle, type of label, permanence, and visibility are out of scope for this document.
Powered Micromobility Vehicles Committee
This technical report provides a taxonomy and classification of powered micromobility vehicles. These vehicles may be privately owned or be available via shared- or rental-fleet operations. This technical report does not provide specifications or otherwise impose minimum safety design requirements for powered micromobility vehicles.
Powered Micromobility Vehicles Committee
As the demands for air travel and air cargo continue to grow, airport surface operations are becoming increasingly congested, elevating the operational risks for all entities. Conventional measurement methods in airport traffic scenarios are limited by high temporal and spatial costs, uncontrollable variables, and their inabilities to account for low-probability events. Moreover, current simulation software for airport operations exhibits weak simulation capabilities and poor interactivity. To address these issues, this study developed a virtual reality traffic simulation platform for airport surface operations. The platform integrated 3D modeling technologies, including Blender and Unity, with the Photon Fusion multiplayer platform and Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) traffic simulation software. By incorporating Logitech external devices, the platform enabled real-time human-driven simulations, multiplayer online interactions, and validation of airport traffic flow models. To
Zhang, YuhengHan, ZhongyiZhang, YuhanYe, Zhirui
The rapid expansion of metro systems in major cities worldwide has resulted in the accumulation of vast amounts of travel data through Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) systems. While this data is crucial for enhancing and optimizing transportation networks, it also raises significant concerns regarding passenger privacy due to the potential exposure of individual travel patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy risk assessment model aimed at quantifying the uniqueness of travel trajectories and evaluating the associated privacy threats. Utilizing AFC data from Chengdu collected in March 2021, we first employ an information entropy approach to assess the uniqueness of travel trajectories across different time granularities. We then apply the K-Means clustering algorithm to classify these trajectories into categories based on their uniqueness levels, enabling us to investigate how factors like travel time and routes influence trajectory uniqueness. To further understand the
Fan, XiaotingQu, XuYang, Hongtai
The swift and relentless progression of drone technology has ushered in novel opportunities within the realm of urban logistics, especially for the potential of drones to modify last-mile delivery and improve customer fulfillment through mobile application integration, offering the potential for delivery systems that are both efficient and environmentally sustainable. This development is not just a technological leap but a transformative shift in how goods are moved within urban spaces, potentially reducing traffic congestion and emissions from traditional vehicles. Nevertheless, the safety issues of drone flights in cities are becoming increasingly serious, and the accountability related to drone accidents is not clear, raising concerns in society regarding the use and safety of drones. Therefore, to fully utilize the potential of drones in urban logistics, the incorporation of drones into the urban airspace environment necessitates the establishment of a strong regulatory and policy
Ma, JieYang, JunjieDiao, WeileDu, YilingChen, Weiqi
With the rapid development of urban transportation systems and the increasing complexity of travel patterns, transport push-pull mobility analysis helps us understand the fundamental question of "why certain areas generate or attract traffic flows," thereby guiding urban transport planning decisions. However, existing studies have not explored the strength and spatial heterogeneity patterns of transport mobility forces in different urban areas from a traffic flow perspective. To address this gap, this paper proposes measurement methods for absolute and relative transport mobility through the lens of push-pull forces. These methods can evaluate the traffic generation and attraction forces of each location based on travel flow data between places. The model constructed in this study follows the assumption that an area with high traffic inflow, especially from distant locations, indicates strong attraction force; conversely, if many travelers depart from a location, particularly to
Chen, LijunWang, ZhiqiangZhang, Haiping
The world is moving towards a green transportation system. Governments are also pushing for green mobility, especially electric vehicles. Electric vehicles are becoming more popular in Europe, China, India, and developing countries. In EVs, the customer's range anxiety and the perceived real-world range are major challenges for the OEMs. The OEMs are moving towards a higher power-to-weight ratio. Energy density plays a crucial role in the battery pack architecture to increase the vehicle range. Higher capacity battery packs are needed to improve the vehicle's range. The battery pack architecture is vital in defining the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. The cell-to-pack battery technique aims to achieve a higher power-to-weight ratio by eliminating unnecessary weight in the battery architecture. The design of battery architecture depends on the cell features such as the cell shape & size, cell terminal positions, vent valve position, battery housing strength requirements
K, Barathi Raja
As infrastructure ages, it becomes more susceptible to failure, which can cause safety and mobility concerns for drivers and pedestrians, and economic woes for taxpayers. A recent study published in “Transportation Research Record” shows that high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data can detect infrastructure issues early on, which can help prevent further damage to roads in the same way that annual checkups can help prevent more complex health issues in humans.
The planning of mountain campus bus routes needs to take into account user demand, convenience, and other factors. This study adopts a comprehensive research method that combines quantitative and qualitative viewpoints. From the perspective of university students, this article studies the demand of campus public transportation and proposes the layout of campus bus routes in mountainous universities to meet the needs of users. The psychological needs questionnaire was used to investigate college students’ expectation of bus station service function. Taking three mountain universities as examples, the integration and selectivity of campus road networks are evaluated by using space syntax analysis, which provides valuable insights into the quality of bus stop areas. This article discusses the correlation between psychological needs assessment of college students and objective conditions of campus road network. The study concludes with the following findings: (1) The pedestrian environment
Duan, RanTang, RuiWang, ZhigangZhao, YixueWang, QidaYang, JiyiSu, Jiafu
Recent advancements in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and the broader advanced air mobility (AAM) movement have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. Many new applications have been identified and are under development, with considerable potential for market growth and exciting potential. However, talent resources are the most critical parameters to make or break the AAM vision, and significantly more talent is needed than the traditional aviation industry is able to currently generate. One possible solution—leverage rapid advancements of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and the gaming industry to help attract, identify, educate, and encourage current and future generations to engage in various aspects of the AAM industry. Beyond Aviation: Embedded Gaming, Artificial Intelligence, Training, and Recruitment for the Advanced Air Mobility Industry discusses how the modern gaming population of 3.3 million
Doo, Johnny
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 1432