Browse Topic: Safety testing and procedures

Items (5,339)
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommended practices for the calibration and acceptance of icing wind tunnels to be used in testing of aircraft components and systems and for the development of simulated ice shapes. This document is not directly applicable to air-breathing propulsion test facilities configured for the purposes of engine icing tests, which are covered in AIR6189. This document also does not provide recommended practices for creating Supercooled Large Drop (SLD) or ice crystal conditions, since information on these conditions is not sufficiently mature for a recommended practice document at the time of publication of ARP5905A. Use of facilities as part of an aircraft’s ice protection Certification Plan should be reviewed and accepted by the applicable regulatory agency prior to testing. Following acceptance of a test plan, data generated in these facilities may be submitted to regulatory agencies for use in the certification of aircraft ice
AC-9C Aircraft Icing Technology Committee
This article provides a comprehensive review of existing literature on AI-based functions and verification methods within vehicular systems. Initially, the introduction of these AI-based functions in these systems is outlined. Subsequently, the focus shifts to synthetic environments and their pivotal role in the verification process of AI-based vehicle functions. The algorithms used within the AI-based functions focus primarily on the paradigm of deep learning. We investigate the constituent components of these synthetic environments and the intricate relationships with vehicle systems in the verification and validation domain of the system. In the following, alternative approaches are discussed, serving as complementary methods for verification without direct involvement in synthetic environment development. These approaches include data-oriented methodologies employing statistical techniques and AI-centric strategies focusing solely on the core deep learning algorithm
Aslandere, TurgayDurak, Umut
The behavior of mechanical structures subjected to impacts is a topic of great relevance, with one of its applications being in the context of collisions on urban roads. According to data obtained from the electric bus monitoring platform E-Bus Radar, the fleet of vehicles with this means of propulsion has grown significantly in the last 6 years. Just from 2022 to 2023, the growth was 51%, jumping from 2669 to 4020 registered vehicles in Latin America. In this context, the present study investigated the behavior of the rear structure of an electric bus - EB in a rear-end collision scenario. The study of this region was motivated by the fact that it houses 4 out of the 12 battery packs and other electrical components. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of the anti-intrusion and impact absorption mechanism to ensure the integrity of the batteries. Since damage in a collision can release different types of flammable electrolytes and even trigger a fire, posing a
Menino, Bruno G.Sordi, AlexsandroBraida, Claudio A. B.Biondo, FelipeSpengler, FelipeMagnabosco, Guilherme
In the automotive industry, a good vehicle is one that not only provides comfort and adequate on-road performance but also ensures safety for its users. Therefore, various standards have been created to qualify and ensure that cars meet minimum requirements. Assays include frontal and side impact tests. However, physical tests end up being costly if performed frequently, and thus, increasing the correlation between these and computational simulations has been explored in recent years. Within the computational scope, given the nonlinear nature of the functions involved in such studies, the use of metaheuristics (MH) with constraint handling techniques (CHT) has been employed to obtain better results for such scenarios. In this work, three MH algorithms are used: Archimedean Optimization (AOA), Sine-Cosine Algorithm (SCA), and Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO). They are coupled with CHTs of the penalty methods (PM) type in their most basic character, such as Static Penalty Method (SPM
Souza Silva, PauloDezan, Daniel JonasFerreira, Wallace Gusmão
Visual perception systems for autonomous vehicles are exposed to a wide variety of complex weather conditions, among which rainfall is one of the weather conditions with high exposure. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a model that can efficiently generate a large number of images with different rainfall intensities to help test the visual perception system under rainfall conditions. However, the existing datasets either do not contain multilevel rainfall or are synthetic images. It is difficult to support the construction of the model. In this paper, the natural rainfall images of different rainfall intensities were first collected and produced a natural multilevel rain dataset. The dataset includes no rain and three levels (light, medium and heavy) of rainfall with the number of 629, 210, 248 and 193 respectively, totaling 1280 images. The dataset is open source and available online via: https://github.com/raydison/natural-multilevel-rain-dataset-NMRD. Subsequently, a
Liu, ZhenyuanJia, TongXing, XingyuWu, JianfengChen, Junyi
Safety concerns surrounding new energy vehicles have gained increasing national and social attention. Bottom impacts to power batteries are a leading cause of fires and explosions in new energy vehicles. Focusing on the safety of power battery bottom impacts, this article first proposes applying honeycomb panels to the battery’s bottom guard plate. Through the ball impact test, the effect of honeycomb panel surface material thickness on bottom protection is studied, and the mechanism of the honeycomb panel’s ball impact protection is explored. Second, the honeycomb panel and the aluminum alloy plate are structurally compounded to improve the ball impact protection ability. Finally, the optimized composite bottom guard plate is assembled on the lower box of the power battery, and the whole package ball impact experiment is successfully verified. This study serves as a reference for future research on power battery bottom impact protection and the industrial application of bottom guard
Hongguang, HuangYong, ZengWeiquan, Zeng
There is evidence to suggest that males and females respond differently in motor vehicle collisions, making it important to study how both sexes respond to vehicle safety systems. The THOR 5th-percentile female (THOR-05F) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) was developed to represent a small female occupant better than the Hybrid III 5th-percentile female (HIII-05F) ATD. However, there are few studies in which they have been directly compared. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the responses of the two ATDs in matched frontal sled tests simulating a realistic driver seat environment. A 7th-generation Toyota Camry driver seat test buck was used with Camry parts (i.e., 3-point belt, modified seat, steering wheel, airbag, and column). The belt was equipped with a 4-kN load limiter and pretensioner. Rigid foam (65 psi) was used to represent the knee bolster. Thirteen tests were conducted using speeds of 30 and 56 kph. Chest bands were used to measure external chest
Boyle, David M.Albert, Devon L.Hardy, Warren N.Kemper, Andrew R.
Vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS) may have non-traditional seating configurations, such as rear-facing for front-row occupants. The objectives of this study are (1) to generate biomechanical corridors from kinematic data obtained from postmortem human subjects (PMHS) sled tests and (2) to assess the biofidelity of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) 50th male (M50-O) v6.0 seated in an upright (25-deg recline) Honda Accord seat with a fixed D-ring (FDR) in a 56 km/h rear-facing frontal impact. A phase optimization technique was applied to mass-normalized PMHS data for generating corridors. After replicating the experimental boundary conditions in the computational finite element (FE) environment, the performance of the rigidized FE seat model obtained was validated using LSTC Hybrid III FE model simulations and comparison with experiments. The most recent National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Biofidelity Ranking System (BRS) method was
Pradhan, VikramRamachandra, RakshitStammen, JasonKracht, CoreyMoorhouse, KevinBolte, John H.Kang, Yun-Seok
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes three alternate methods for describing and evaluating the truck driver's viewing environment: the Target Evaluation, the Polar Plot and the Horizontal Planar Projection. The Target Evaluation describes the field of view volume around a vehicle, allowing for ray projections, or other geometrically accurate simulations, that demonstrate areas visible or non-visible to the driver. The Target Evaluation method may also be conducted manually, with appropriate physical layouts, in lieu of CAD methods. The Polar Plot presents the entire available field of view in an angular format, onto which items of interest may be plotted, whereas the Horizontal Planar Projection presents the field of view at a given elevation chosen for evaluation. These methods are based on the Three Dimensional Reference System described in SAE J182a. This document relates to the driver's exterior visibility environment and was developed for the heavy truck industry (Class B
Truck and Bus Human Factors Committee
The structural integrity of the steering wheel is important for vehicle operations. It is subjected to various load conditions during the vehicle motion. It thus becomes important to understand various aspects of the same which include stiffness, natural frequency, and regulatory requirements i.e. body block test, head form impact test, etc. Simulation plays an important role in understanding the structural integrity and validation requirements of products at the design stage itself. This paper discusses the modeling and simulation of the steering wheel at both the armature level and the complete steering wheel level. As armature is critical from a structural strength and stiffness point of view, certain simulations like modal analysis are performed first at the armature level, and design iterations were done to achieve the natural frequency target. The list of simulations performed includes modal analysis, bending rigidity, static compression, bending stiffness, body block test and
Rathore, Gopal SinghKumar, AnkitChauhan, Adesh KumarDas, A.P.Sahu, Hemanta Kumar
In the realm of commercial vehicle design, enhancing the durability of bumpers and headlamps is paramount for ensuring safety and reducing maintenance costs. This study explores the development of a lightweight bumper design with optimized resonance frequency to improve the durability of these critical components. The research focuses on innovative design techniques to achieve a balance between weight reduction and structural integrity. The primary objective is to minimize the impact forces transmitted to the bumper and headlamp assemblies during vibrations. By employing finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental validation, the study identifies the optimal resonance frequency that mitigates the risk of resonance-induced damage. Additionally, the study examines the influence of geometric modifications on the bumper’s performance. Various design iterations are analyzed to determine the most effective configuration for enhancing durability while maintaining compliance with industry
Pandey, SudheerGanesan, Balaji
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