Browse Topic: Safety testing and procedures
ABSTRACT As the Army focuses to modernize existing ground vehicle fleets and develop new ground vehicle platforms, Program Managers are faced with the challenge of how to best choose a set of technologies for the vehicle that will be mature, be able to be integrated onto the platform, and have the capability to meet defined requirements. To accomplish this, the Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) Systems Engineering Group (SEG) has championed the development of a methodology for executing Technical Risk Assessments, one of the components of the overall Risk Assessment. The Technical Risk Assessment activity determines critical technologies, assesses technology maturity, integration and manufacturing readiness, and identifies the associated technical risks of those critical technologies and other technologies of interest. A standardized set of criteria is being utilized by technology subject matter experts to perform the assessments, and has been used
ABSTRACT Computational models are widely used in the prediction of occupant injury responses and vehicle structural performance of ground vehicles subjected to underbody blasts. Although these physics based computational models incorporate all the material and environment data, the classic models are typically deterministic and do not capture the potential variations in the design, testing and operating parameters. This paper investigates the effect of one such variation in physical tests, namely, variations in the position of occupant setup on the occupant injury responses. To study the effects of occupant position, a series of vertical drop tower tests were performed in a controlled setup. A vertical drop tower test involves an Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) dummy positioned on a seat and the setup is dropped on an energy attenuating surface, thus producing a desired shock pulse on the seat structure. The experimental data was analyzed for sensitivity of occupant position and ATD
An innovative new approach is presented that addresses the challenges of design in a constantly changing environment. New solutions that satisfy changing requirements are generated by rapidly reconfiguring ongoing projects and effectively reusing trusted designs. Design is essentially a process of generating knowledge about how to build new systems. Reuse is difficult because this knowledge is amorphous and difficult to access. Hierarchical platform-based engineering is used to structure and categorize this knowledge to make it easily accessible. This approach has three essential components: 1) Hierarchical platform-based design method organizes design projects into a structured library; 2) Transformational systems engineering and concurrent risk assessment are used to capture complex interactions between different CPS elements. These captured interactions help assess reusability and reconfigurability of each element; 3) A new design flow integrates platform-based design methods into
ABSTRACT The Blast Event Simulations sysTem (BEST) is a synthesis tool that provides a seamless and easy-to-use coupling between existing and commercially available LS-DYNA solvers and Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) models for a complete sequence of explosive simulations. BEST driven simulations capture the soil/explosive/vehicle/occupant interaction. In this paper a blast simulation analysis conducted by BEST for a generic but representative vehicle is presented. The vehicle is subjected to the blast load created by an explosive buried underneath the vehicle. An ATD model is placed inside the vehicle in order to capture the loads created on the lower legs of an occupant due to the explosion. Technical details with respect to the various models engaged in the simulation are presented first. The results and the physical insight which can be gained by the analysis are discussed. A series of design modifications which add minimal weight are introduced in the vehicle structure, such as
ABSTRACT Program Executive Office (PEO) Ground Combat Systems (GCS) initiated a Green Belt project in 2007 to develop a risk management process. The Integrated Product Team (IPT) built on Defense Acquisition University (DAU) and Department of Defense (DoD) risk management guidance to create a process for risk analysis, mitigation, and rules for Risk Review Board approval. To automate this process, the IPT eventually created an Army owned, customizable tool (Risk Recon) that matched the PEO GCS process. Risk Recon is used to track risks throughout the acquisition life-cycle. Changing the culture of the PEO has been the most significant challenge. Training and follow-up of risk progress is required to keep the process from becoming stagnant. Partnership with the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEMs)s is an integral part of all programs and a balance is needed between how the PEO and its OEMs perform risk management and communicate those risks. The software requirements continue to
ABSTRACT What does “exposure to risk” mean? How can acquisition programs get early warning of risk exposure? How is risk exposure related to the root causes and causal mechanisms of adverse program outcomes? How does risk early warning inform risk management? How is risk exposure related to the tradeoffs made between risk versus potential rewards? What technical and management contract data reporting requirements provide evidence of risk exposure, and how can risk leading indicators be computed? How can standard technical and management contract data reporting requirements be used to improve visibility into risk exposure? How can the magnitude of risk exposure be estimated? How does risk early warning complement traditional technical, cost and schedule risk assessment? How do risk early warning methods relate to typical proposal requirements and evaluation criteria? How are risk leading indicators related to system development leading indicators? How can risk early warning methods be
This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting free-motion headform testing of heavy truck cab interior surfaces and components. A description of the test setup, instrumentation, impact configuration, target locations, and data reduction is included
This document provides guidance for oxygen cylinder installation on commerical aircraft based on airworthiness requirements, and methods practiced within aerospace industry. It covers considerations for oxygen systems from beginning of project phase up to production, maintenance, and servicing. The document is related to requirements of DOT-approved oxygen cylinders, as well to those designed and manufactured to standards of ISO 11119. However, its basic rules may also be applicable to new development pertaining to use of such equipment in an oxygen environment. For information regarding oxygen cylinders itself, also refer to AIR825/12
Most humans rely heavily on our visual abilities to function in the world—we are optically oriented. In the broadest sense, “optics” refers to the study of sight and light. At its foundation, Radiant’s business is all about optics: measuring light and the properties of light in relation to the human eye. Photometry is the science of light according to our visual perception. Colorimetry is the science of color: how our eyes interpret different wavelengths of light
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS)/Minimum Operational Performance Specification (MOPS) specifies the minimum performance requirements of remote on-ground ice detection systems (ROGIDS). These systems are ground based. They provide information that indicates whether frozen contamination is present on aircraft surfaces. Section 1 provides information required to understand the need for the ROGIDS, ROGIDS characteristics, and tests that are defined in subsequent sections. It describes typical ROGIDS applications and operational objectives and is the basis for the performance criteria stated in Sections 3 through 5. Section 2 provides reference information, including related documents, definitions, and abbreviations. Section 3 contains general design requirements for the ROGIDS. Section 4 contains the Minimum Operational Performance Requirements for the ROGIDS, which define performance in icing conditions likely to be encountered during ground operations. Section 5 describes environmental
New tests for a Truck Safe rating scheme aim to emulate real-world collisions and encourage OEMs to fit collision avoidance technologies and improve driver vision. Euro NCAP has revealed the elements it is considering as part of an upcoming Truck Safe rating, and how it intends to test and benchmark truck performance. The announcement was made to an audience of international road safety experts at the NCAP24 World Congress in Munich, Germany, in April. The action is intended to mitigate heavy trucks' impact on road safety. The organization cited data showing that trucks are involved in almost 15% of all EU road fatalities but represent only 3% of vehicles on Europe's roads. Euro NCAP says the future rating scheme is designed to go further and faster than current EU truck safety regulations. The organization's goal is to drive innovation and hasten the adoption of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) such as automatic emergency braking (AEB) and lane support systems (LSS), while
Verification and validation (V&V) is the cornerstone of safety in the automotive industry. The V&V process ensures that every component in a vehicle functions according to its specifications. Automated driving functionality poses considerable challenges to the V&V process, especially when data-driven AI components are present in the system. The aim of this work is to outline a methodology for V&V of AI-based systems. The backbone of this methodology is bridging the semantic gap between the symbolic level at which the operational design domain and requirements are typically specified, and the sub-symbolic, statistical level at which data-driven AI components function. This is accomplished by combining a probabilistic model of the operational design domain and an FMEA of AI with a fitness-for-purpose model of the system itself. The fitness-for-purpose model allows for reasoning about the behavior of the system in its environment, which we argue is essential to determine whether the
This document provides background information, rationale, and data (both physical testing and computer simulations) used in defining the component test methods and similarity criteria described in SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 6330. ARP6330 defines multiple test methods used to assess the effect of seat back mounted IFE monitor changes on blunt trauma to the head and post-impact sharp edge generation. The data generated is based on seat and IFE components installed on type A-T (transport airplane) certified aircraft. While not within the scope of ARP6330, generated test data for the possible future development of surrogate target evaluation methods is also included
Ice build-up on aircraft and wind turbines can impact the safety and efficiency of their systems
With the current trend of including the evaluation of the risk of brain injuries in vehicle crashes due to rotational kinematics of the head, two injury criteria have been introduced since 2013 – BrIC and DAMAGE. BrIC was developed by NHTSA in 2013 and was suggested for inclusion in the US NCAP for frontal and side crashes. DAMAGE has been developed by UVa under the sponsorship of JAMA and JARI and has been accepted tentatively by the EuroNCAP. Although BrIC in US crash testing is known and reported, DAMAGE in tests of the US fleet is relatively unknown. The current paper will report on DAMAGE in NCAP-like tests and potential future frontal crash tests involving substantial rotation about the three axes of occupant heads. Distribution of DAMAGE of three-point belted occupants without airbags will also be discussed. Prediction of brain injury risks from the tests have been compared to the risks in the real world. Although DAMAGE correlates well with MPS in the human brain model across
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