Integration of Safety Standards for a Unified Safety Framework for Automated Vehicles

This paper proposes a structured safety framework tailored for the concept phase of Level 2 and Level 3 automated vehicles, addressing the unique challenges posed by these advanced systems. The framework integrates key principles from ISO 26262 and ISO 21448 to create a safety approach that spans hardware reliability, functional safety, and system performance. Central to the framework is a broad analysis that combines methodologies from System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA). This dual approach enables the identification of potential risks arising from both hardware failures and the intended functionalities of the system. The framework further details a combined specification and design process that aligns the strengths of each standard, ensuring robust sensor architectures and reliable decision-making processes. A case study on Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) with Lane Keeping (LK) is presented to demonstrate the practical implementation of the framework. The study highlights the complexities of integrating multiple safety standards and highlights areas for improvement as automated vehicle technologies evolve. The results indicate that while the framework provides a solid foundation for safety, further adjustments are necessary to accommodate real-world challenges and the fast-paced evolution of technology.