Browse Topic: Harshness

Items (282)
ABSTRACT Today’s battlefield requires access to information in a multitude of environments with varying terrains (both urban and rural) in either passive or active engagements. Ground vehicles need sensors that can be rapidly deployed to different locations and networked into the family of vehicles in order to effectively share information. Masted sensor systems, in particular, are a potential valuable resource with their ability to perform long-range surveillance over obstructions while minimizing vehicle exposure. To maximize effectiveness these systems must withstand harsh battlefield conditions without undue maintenance. The need for variable mast heights, on-the-move (OTM) sensor performance, the ability to support a wide variety of long-range sensors, internal cabling to better resist battlefield damage, resistance to armored vehicle vibration and shock environments, and rapid mast deployment and stowage have driven Lockheed Martin to a robust mast solution that meets this
Neely, DavidFosen, KeithPoteat, DanielCarmichael, D. Brian
Over the past twenty years, the automotive sector has increasingly prioritized lightweight and eco-friendly products. Specifically, in the realm of tyres, achieving reduced weight and lower rolling resistance is crucial for improving fuel efficiency. However, these goals introduce significant challenges in managing Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH), particularly regarding mid-frequency noise inside the vehicle. This study focuses on analyzing the interior noise of a passenger car within the 250 to 500 Hz frequency range. It examines how tyre tread stiffness and carcass stiffness affect this noise through structural borne noise test on a rough road drum and modal analysis, employing both experimental and computational approaches. Findings reveal that mid-frequency interior noise is significantly affected by factors such as the tension in the cap ply, the stiffness of the belt, and the properties of the tyre sidewall
Subbian, JaiganeshM, Saravanan
Vibration comfort is a critical factor in assessing the overall performance of engineering machinery, with significant implications for operator health and safety. However, current evaluation methods lack specificity for construction machinery, impeding accurate prediction of vibration comfort and hindering the optimization of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance. To address this challenge, this article proposes a model that combines a random forest with a genetic algorithm (GA-RF) to enable rapid and accurate prediction of vibration comfort in construction machinery cabins. The approach begins with an improved objective evaluation methodology for extracting key features from vibration signals at five measurement points: seat, floor, back, and left and right armrests. Additionally, subjective evaluation technology, combining semantic differential and rating scales, is employed to capture operators’ personal comfort perceptions. The implementation of the GA-RF model
Zhao, JianYin, YingqiChen, JiangfeiZhao, WeidongDing, WeipingHuang, Haibo
Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) is one of the most important performance evaluation aspects of electric motors. Among the different causes of the NVH issues of electrical drives, the spatial and temporal harmonics of the electrical drive system are of great importance. To reduce the tonal noise of the electric motors induced by these harmonics, harmonic injection methods are applied in many applications. However, a lot of existing researches focus more either on improving the optimization process of the harmonic injection parameter settings, or on the controller design of the harmonic injection process, while the structural dynamic characteristics of the motor are seldom considered. A lot of literature shows that the harmonic injection strategies can more effectively influence the mode 0 (M0) radial forces than the higher spatial orders, so it is more efficient to apply such methods at the frequencies/orders where the effect of mode 0 forces are dominant with respect to the
Fu, TongfangXu, ZhipengGünther, MarcoPischinger, StefanBöld, Simon
In recent years, the automotive industry has dedicated significant attention to the evolution of electric vehicles (EVs). The Electric-machine (as motor and generator, here and onward called E-machine as more general term) as the heart of the EDU (Electric Drive Unit) is very important component of powertrain and is the one of the main focuses of development. Traditionally, E-machine design has primarily focused on factors like efficiency, packaging, and cost, often neglecting the critical aspects of Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) specially at the early decision-making stages. This disconnect between E-machine design teams and NVH teams has consistently posed a challenge, which is the experience seen in many OEMs. This paper introduces an innovative workflow that unifies these previously separate domains, facilitating comprehensive optimization by integrating NVH considerations with other E-machine objectives, efficiency, weight, packaging and cost. This paper highlights AVL's
Mehrgou, MehdiGarcia de Madinabeitia, InigoAhmed, Mohamed Essam
From a Noise Vibration Harshness (NVH) perspective, electric vehicles represent a great opportunity since the noise of the combustion engine, dominant in many driving conditions, is no longer present. On the other hand, drivers accustomed to driving cars with a strong personality (for example typically sporty ones) may perceive "silence" as a lack of character. Our internal study, conducted with a jury of people, has in fact already shown that for half of customers silence should characterize (Battery Electric Vehicle - BEV) vehicle; but, at the same time, the other half of the jury expects feedback from the vehicle while driving. The silence inside the passenger compartment, from an NVH point of view, can therefore be compared to a blank sheet of paper, on which, if desired, sounds designed to satisfy the driving pleasure expected by the customer can be introduced. Starting from this scenario, the paper describes: the approach adopted to define how many and what are the levers to
Celiberti, LuciaBorgarello, LauraFalasca, VanniLolli, FrancescoMeriga, AlessandraMiglietta, PiercarloSoldati, Mirella
Deutronic is not alone in developing and integrating thermal-management solutions to meet the specific demands of off-highway EVs. Modine, for example, in 2023 launched a new edition of its EVantage battery thermal-management system with a liquid-cooled condenser (L-CON BTMS) that combines proprietary heat-exchanger technology with smart controls and electronics. The system is designed to withstand harsh environments found in mining, construction, agriculture, specialty and transportation applications, according to Mike Kis, Director of Advanced Thermal Systems at Modine
One of the five major performances of vehicles, NVH(Noise, Vibration, Harshness), has recently emerged in electric vehicles, again. And, front loading NVH simulation is essential to respond nimbly to automotive industry these days. However, the two components of the simulation, mathematical sound absorption modeling equation, and the acoustic parameters, the input factor, is requiring improvement because of lack of robustness. In this study, we tried to strengthen, standardize, and refine the connectivity between micro (fine structure) and macro (acoustic parameter-related physical properties) characteristics, and improve the consistency with actual NVH performance. As a porous polymer material, polyurethane foam, which is widely used for the interior and exterior of automobiles, is treated as a target material. It is expected that further refining of the correlation between three-dimensional microstructure properties of foam such as pore, throat, strut, window, etc. and acoustic
Kim, Taeyoon
Customer preference towards quieter vehicles is ever-increasing. Exhaust tailpipe noise is one of the major contributors to in-cab noise and pass-by-noise of the vehicle. This research proposes a silencer with an integrated acoustic valve to reduce exhaust tailpipe noise. Incident exhaust wave coming from the engine strikes the acoustic valve and generates reflected waves. Incident waves and reflected waves cancel out each other which results in energy loss of the exhaust gas. This loss of energy results in reduced noise at the exhaust tailpipe end. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed silencer on the vehicle, NVH (Noise, vibration, and harshness) performance of the proposed silencer was compared with the existing silencer which is without an acoustic valve. A CNG (Compressed natural gas) Bus powered by a six-in-line cylinder engine was chosen for the NVH testing. After NVH evaluation, it was found that when using the proposed silencer, overall exhaust tailpipe orifice noise
Singh, Har GovindKhandagale, AnupChoudhari, YogeshwarKalsule, DhanajiPetale, Mahendra
Ride comfort is a critical factor to customer perception of vehicle quality as it is related to vehicle experience when driving. It adds value to the product and, consequently, to vehicle brand. It has become a demand not only for passenger unibody vehicles but also to larger segments including mid-size trucks. Ride quality is usually quantified as harshness which is a measure of how the vehicle transmits the road irregularities to the customer at the tactile points such as the steering wheel and seats. Improving harshness requires tuning of different parts including tires, chassis frame/subframe and suspension mounts and bushings. This paper describes the methodology to enhance the harshness performance for a mid-size truck using a full vehicle CAE model. The influence of stiffnesses of body mounts and control arms bushings to harshness response is investigated through sensitivity analysis and the optimal configuration is found. A DOE (Design of Experiments) of bushings stiffnesses is
Alves, Paulo Sérgio LimaBemfica, Marcelo MachadoSarmento, Alisson Alves
Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) is a key aspect in the vehicle development. Reducing noise and vibration to create a comfortable environment is one of the main objectives in vehicle design. In the literature, many theoretical and experimental methods have been presented for improving the NVH performances of vehicles. However, in the great majority of situations, physical prototypes are still required as NVH is highly dependent on subjective human perception and a pure computational approach often does not suffice. In this article, driving simulators are discussed as a tool to reduce the need of physical prototypes allowing a reduction in development time while providing a deep understanding of vehicle NVH characteristics. The present article provides a review of the current development of driving simulator focused on problems, challenges, and solutions for NVH applications. Starting from the definition of the human response to noise and vibration, this article describes the
Xue, HaoxiangPreviati, GiorgioGobbi, MassimilianoMastinu, Gianpiero
More than half a century has passed since the birth of quantum signal detection theory, which is the cornerstone of modern quantum communication theory. Quantum stream cipher, the quantum-noise-based direct encryption scheme for optical communications at the center of our research, is based on the foundations of quantum communication theory. For quantum cryptography to progress from a theoretical possibility to a more realistic technology, experimental and theoretical research must be complementary
Since the standardization of Ethernet in the 1980s, progressive performance advances and economies of scale have made this the leading digital networking technology for commercial, consumer, and industrial applications. Although Ethernet in the factory has now been widely adopted, it lagged behind commercial implementations due to difficulties installing the media in harsh industrial environments, and in the early years, a lack of determinism required for critical applications
Electrification brings new benchmarks, tools, and challenges to the ongoing battle with noise, vibration and harshness. The complex science of analyzing and abating noise, vibration, and harshness has entered a “new frontier” as the industry transitions to electrified vehicles, experts in the NVH field tell SAE Media. New design and engineering challenges at the component, system, and full-vehicle levels continue to emerge as EV offerings expand beyond the initial wave of predominantly premium-spec products. Engineers note that benchmarking activity and the introduction of new analysis and testing tools related to NVH mitigation are at “crazy” levels. “Our interest in acoustically improved vehicles always is going to accelerate and the NVH technology must always meet customer expectations,” observed Pranab Saha, whose company Kolana & Saha Engineers in Waterford, Mich., specializes in acoustics, noise and vibration analysis and testing. He noted that some of the latest EV designs show
Brooke, Lindsay
In the current changing noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) landscape, there is an increased amount of collaboration between NVH engineers and other attribute engineering groups to solve complex issues. One of these complex issues is ride comfort. An increasing amount of ride comfort development is happening between NVH and ride and handling (R&H) engineers. To apply a NVH process to a R&H phenomenon, it is important to ensure that both the transducer selection as well as analysis method will be applicable over the frequency range of interest. Specifically for ride comfort development, the validation of the use of strain gauges and accelerometers along with source path contribution analysis, or transfer path analysis, is key to bridging the gap between NVH and R&H. A source path contribution, also known as a transfer path analysis, model can be utilized to understand the contributions from various sources, both structural and acoustic, to a given set of receivers in the interior of a
Thom, BrianBlanco, DavidCaltagirone, Elizabeth
A multilayer acoustic treatment constructed of fibrous acoustic absorption material combined with dissipative acoustic material achieves a low profile and is lightweight and multi-functional, with properties that are desirable for NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) treatments. The dissipative material consists of microfibers and acoustically active particles; this material was introduced in the last SAE NVH conference: A Novel Dissipative Acoustic Material [1]. In this paper, the acoustic performance of the multilayer treatment was evaluated by using random incidence absorption and transmission loss measurements, as well as in-vehicle experiments. Absorption and transmission loss were additionally modeled using the transmission matrix method (TMM). In the in-vehicle test, an OEM wheelhouse liner with Trim, for an SUV, was evaluated utilizing this new multilayer 3M treatment
Gan, KimTongHerdtle, ThomasAnderson, BrianYoo, Taewook
From the early 1980’s through 2015, the engineering community has witnessed dramatic changes in the technology for mitigating sound in vehicles. Throughout these years, vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) engineers were skilled and talented in testing vehicles, and at conducting laboratory studies of materials and trim-insulator components. This paper surveys a wide variety of processes that NVH automotive engineers use to develop trim-insulator packages which are effective in reducing cab-interior noise while being esthetically appealing. Analytical models are used to cascade overall cab-interior sound pressure level (SPL) targets to trim-insulator performance targets. This paper also reviews how sound absorption is employed to reduce cab-interior SPL. Acoustical material laboratory tests are briefly described along with the role they play in selecting trim-insulator products for vehicles. And finally, body shell acoustical isolation is examined, and a mathematical
Wentzel, Richard
The transport refrigeration market is in a transformation like what automotive experienced over the last 20 years using a systems engineering approach complemented with complex attribute optimization to manage product development. With a heavy push for electrification due to government regulations, sustainability initiatives, and designing the products to align with the OEMs electrified platforms Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) must be considered. Understanding the above along with refined customer expectations the NVH attribute has become even more critical to product quality. This paper showcases the acoustic design of an electrified system using a system engineering approach to achieve unit level targets deploying a system engineering V-model philosophy. Unit level requirements were set and flowed down to component level requirements. A 1D acoustic tool was developed leveraging classic physical acoustics theory and legacy product knowledge to target set what was possible for
Clark, AdamStinson, MattWang, Jingdou
Disc brake squeal is always a challenging multidisciplinary problem in vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) that has been extensively researched. Theoretical analysis has been done to understand the mechanism of disc brake squeal due to small disturbances. Most studies have used linear modal approaches for the harmonic vibration of large models. However, time-domain approaches have been limited, as they are restricted to specific friction models and vibration patterns and are computationally expensive. This research aims to use a time-domain approach to improve the modeling of brake squeal, as it is a dynamic instability issue with a time-dependent friction force. The time-domain approach has been successfully demonstrated through examples and data
Song, GavinWang, ArthurMedhora, PariVlademar, MichaelVenugopal, Narayana
Harshness performance is a key aspect within ride comfort assessment for any vehicle. In this paper, by means of multibody dynamics simulation analysis, harshness performance of a scooter felt at the handle bar was examined. The term “Harshness” has been used here in analogy to excessive vibrations felt at handle bar. The vehicle was modeled in VI-Motorcycle & simulated on a virtual track. Accelerations were also measured on physical vehicle & FFT’s trend of the same were correlated through simulation. Various frame design proposals were simulated for harshness improvement & final frame configuration showing improvement considering design feasibility was proposed. Final configuration was also tested in a physical vehicle & performance improvement was validated. Details of modeling, physical testing, data analysis & suggested amendments are stated in relevant sections of this paper
Sharma, AnkushKaka, Vaibhav
The electronic content in automotive has increased over recent years and expected to contribute about 50% of the total vehicle cost by 2030. The semiconductor research indicates that focus is on enhancing the functionality of single device and miniaturizing of components to reduce the electronic module size. It is to be ensured, that devices in automotive electronic modules should be within its allowable temperature limit while operating at harsh environment. The accurate virtual simulations using CAE tools prior to proto build can assist in understanding the design risks upfront and aids in arriving at a reliable thermal mitigation solution. The prediction accuracy of thermal simulation is driven by the inputs and modeling approach used in the analysis. Current automotive electronic product development trend indicates, chip development and thermal design of electronics module goes in parallel. Hence the access of device intricate details and accurate power estimation for thermal
Viswanathan, SwaminathanSridharan, Kesav KumarGupta, Navneet
With higher customer expectations and advances in vehicular technology, automotive functions and operations are becoming more intelligent. Electric self-priming door locks fulfil the automatic closing and locking of side doors, hatchback doors, sliding doors, liftgates, decklids, etc. They are widely implemented into high-end models for the elegance of soft closing. In the list of perceived vehicle qualities, door-closing sound quality has been one of the important customer concerns in the market. In comparison to conventional door locks, electric self-priming door locks add another dimension to the development of sound quality for noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) efforts. In this article, the characteristics of door-closing sound involving self-priming door lock mechanisms are analyzed and illustrated. Human perception of different sounds from the self-priming door lock working process is ranked by subjective evaluations. For typical door closing sounds associated with the self
Zhang, YanHou, HangshengYang, YushengFeng, JingtingZhang, Zhi
Sound quality assessments are an integral part of vehicle design. Especially now, as manufacturers move towards electrification, vehicle sounds are fundamentally changing. By improving the quality of the interior sounds of a vehicle, consumers’ subjective evaluation of it can be increased. Therefore, the field of psychoacoustics, which is the study of human perception of sound, is broadly applicable here. In fact, the perceived quality of a sound signal is influenced by several psychoacoustic indicators, including loudness, sharpness, and roughness. Of particular utility is identifying in advance how to distribute audible frequency content in a way that optimizes psychoacoustic metrics as this can help automotive engineers obtain specific design targets that optimize vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). In this article, a novel modified gradient-based optimization technique (MGOT) is developed to optimize psychoacoustic loudness and sharpness. The new technique is applied to
Li, YungeMonroe, RyanGeist, Bruce
A new auditory sensor will be useful for healthcare devices that diagnose respiratory diseases. The skin-attachable device will also be useful as a sensor in microphones to aid in facilitating communication in disaster situations. It can clearly detect voices even in harsh noisy environments
What’s the difference between deep space and the deep sea? For a robot, the answer is: not much. Both environments are harsh and demanding, and, more importantly, both are far removed from the machine’s operator
The ever-increasing amalgamation of electronics with the automotive industry in the past decade has seen an integration of various sensors like temperature sensors, RPM sensors, wheel speed sensors, etc. on a vehicle. These sensors have enabled a deep insight into vehicle behavior and a good perception of the operating conditions of the vehicle. The accelerometer is one such sensor, the advancement in the semiconductor industry has bred accelerometer sensors in a MEMs form, which is very cost-effective and also facilitates easy integration because of the microform factor. Moreover, As dictated by AIS 140 norms the Telematics ECUs must have a Triaxial accelerometer & Triaxial Gyro sensor integrated inside them. The data from these MEMs accelerometer and gyro sensors can be used to have a better insight on vehicle dynamics like cabin vibrations, Suspension performance, and External factors like road profile, etc., This data can also be used for safety applications like impact detection
Hiwase, Shrikant DeokrishnaMahali, RakeshJAGTAP, PRAMOD
Uncertainties play a major role in vibroacoustics - especially in car body design in the preliminary development because of the overall spread in the production that should be covered with one simulation model. Therefore, we use uncertain input parameters to determine the stochastically distributed admittance of the car body before each part of the car is fully designed. To gain a stochastic result - the stochastically distributed admittance curve - we calculate a deterministic finite element simulation several times with sets of stochastically distributed input parameter values. To reduce simulation time and cost of the car model with many million degrees of freedom we focus on the uncertain parameters that show a significant influence on the admittance curve. It is therefore necessary to be able to accurately estimate for each parameter if its influence on the admittance of the car body plays a major role for the noise vibration harshness simulation. A sensitivity analysis describes
Cram, SophieLuegmair, MarinusSchmid, Johannes D.Marburg, Steffen
Transfer path analyses of vehicle bodies are widely considered as an important tool in the noise, vibration and harshness design process, as they enable the identification of the dominating transfer paths in vibration problems. It is highly beneficial to model uncertain parameters in early development stages in order to account for possible variations on the final component design. Therefore, parameter studies are conducted in order to account for the sensitivities of the transfer paths with respect to the varying input parameters of the chassis components. To date, these studies are mainly conducted by performing sampling-based finite element simulations. In the scope of a sensitivity analysis or parameter studies, however, a large amount of large-scale finite element simulations is required, which leads to extremely high computational costs and time expenses. This contribution presents a method to drastically reduce the computational burden of typical sampling-based simulations. For
Gurbuz, CaglarEser, MartinSchmid, Johannes D.Marburg, SteffenLuegmair, Marinus
Lightweight structures and designs have been widely used in a number of engineered structures due to ecological and environmental aspects. Nonetheless, lightweight structures typically experience a reduced noise and vibration reduction performance as a consequence of their increased stiffness-to-mass-ratio. To enhance it, novel low mass and compact countermeasures are often sought to address the challenges of achieving not only a good Noise, Vibrations and Harshness (NVH) reduction performance but also maintaining a lightweight design. Recently, locally resonant metamaterials have emerged and shown potential as a lightweight noise and vibration solution with a superior performance in tunable frequency ranges, known as stop bands i.e. frequency regions where free wave propagation is not allowed. These can be achieved by assembling resonant elements that are tuned to the targeted frequency range onto a host structure. In this paper, the design of a locally resonant metamaterial to
Alves Pires, FelipeWandel, MartinThomas, ChristianDeckers, ElkeDesmet, WimClaeys, Claus
The critical role of spectrum superiority in the success of battlefield campaigns is evidenced by the enormous investments being made in electronic warfare (EW) capabilities by governments worldwide. Communication technologies, such as 5G, are quickly being adopted by militaries in an attempt to satisfy the demand for exponentially larger amounts of data transmission in a shorter period of time. As quickly as secure communication strategies are being developed to encrypt mission critical data, so too are the technologies used to detect, decode, and disrupt such communications. The security and integrity of critical communications is of the utmost importance as the world progresses towards an increasingly networked theater of operations. The militaries of the world appear to be in widespread agreement that the critical communication infrastructure of tomorrow's battlefields need to be: Rapidly deployable and reconfigurable for mission readiness. Designed for minimal spectral footprint
In aerospace and defense, applications rely on mission-critical components to ensure proper functioning in extreme environments. In the many instances in this field where “mission-critical” means that lives depend on successful operation, harsh conditions present certain development challenges that engineers must be aware of and factor into their designs
As the key assembly of new energy vehicles, the noise and vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance of integrated electric drive system directly affects the driving quality of new energy vehicles. In this paper, the vibration noise characteristic test of 3in1 electric drive system is carried out in the semi-muffler chamber. In order to compare and analyze the difference between 2in1 and 3in1 electric drive system NVH performance, the power electronics unit (PEU) in the 3in1 system was removed and placed on the ground away from the platform, and vibration noise test was carried out. In order to analyze the difference of NVH performance between 2in1 status and 3in1 status, the PEU in the 3in1 system was removed and placed on the ground far away from the bench, and the NVH test was carried out. The microphone signal at 1m position and the vibration acceleration signal of the key structural surface of the system are measured experimentally. The research results show that the addition of
Su, HuiZhang, LijunMeng, DejianXu, Jie
Tula Technology has developed a novel, patented motor control strategy called Dynamic Motor Drive (DMD®), which reduces the light-load losses of electric motor drives by intermittently pulsing motor torque. Since passenger vehicles frequently operate at light loads, DMD can significantly reduce the energy consumption of electric vehicles, extending their range. DMD is particularly beneficial for rare-earth-free or reduced-rare-earth permanent magnet (PM)-based electric motor drives, and can help make these less expensive, more environmentally friendly motors range-competitive with traditional PM motors. This paper details the efficiency improvement when DMD is applied to a rare-earth-free synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). We present recent experimental results to show the loss reduction by DMD in a prototype 8-kW three-phase SynRM, and compare them to simulation results. Tula’s models indicate that DMD control, when applied to a 150-kW SynRM driving a Chevrolet Bolt, would reduce
Islam, Md ZakirulSingh, AmnishArvanitis, AnastasiosYounkins, MatthewLeng, SiyuCarvell, PaulTripathi, AdyaChen, ZhiqianPhillips, Andrew
Several conventional methods on preparation of exfoliated graphite are in practice. However, their major limitations are poor quality of exfoliated graphite, lower yield, more expensive with higher processing time. To address these issues, a unique method for development of exfoliation of graphite using tri-solvents namely Water, Ethanol and Acetic acid is attempted in the present work. Ethanol acts as a supporting group for the long term stable dispersions of ex-graphite nanosheets. Glacial acetic acid, which readily dissolves in water, penetrates through the layers of graphite sheets and breaks the -C=C bond force between layers with the help of stirring and sonication resulting in exfoliation of graphite layers. Exfoliated graphite nanosheets were produced by using optimized mixtures of water, acetic acid and ethanol. XRD, SEM and FTIR studies have been carried out on the developed exfoliated graphite. Nanosheets of exfoliated graphite with size ranging from 100 nm to 150 nm were
Devakki, BasavarajThomas, ShijoSuryanarayana, Ramesh Chinnakurli
Avionics systems provide electronic guidance, navigation, and communications through harsh and hostile environments for a wide range of airframes. Operating environments present elevated levels of shock and vibration; vacuum-like conditions of high altitudes; corrosive effects of hydraulic fluids, fuels, and other chemicals; and the effects of wide temperature ranges. Avionics systems must handle such challenging environments even as they are being designed with greater functionality into smaller payload spaces
Diamond anvil cells have made it possible for scientists to recreate extreme phenomena, such as the crushing pressures deep inside the Earth’s mantle, or to enable chemical reactions that can only be triggered by intense pressure, all within the confines of a laboratory apparatus. To develop new, high-performance materials, scientists need to understand how useful properties, such as magnetism and strength, change under such harsh conditions. But often, measuring these properties with enough sensitivity requires a sensor that can withstand the crushing forces inside a diamond anvil cell. By turning natural atomic flaws inside the diamond anvils into tiny quantum sensors, scientists have developed a tool that opens the door to a wide range of experiments inaccessible to conventional sensors
In the following, a multiphysics simulation approach for the calculation of the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) behavior of a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine is presented. Based on a defined operating point, the electromagnetic force densities in the air gap between the rotor and stator are determined on the basis of the flowing currents using the finite element method (FEM). In addition to the electromagnetic force densities, the structural modes with natural frequency and natural mode shapes are also determined by modal analysis. The electromagnetic forces and structural modes can then be reduced to the most important contributions in the modal space to significantly reduce the computation time. Using a frequency-dependent damping model, a full motor run-up is simulated and the resulting velocities at the surface of the machine are evaluated. The simulation results are then compared with a measurement and validated. The extent to which this modeling approach is
Köpf, ChristianBerkemer, Joachim
Aerospace and defense technology must operate reliably in a wide variety of extreme conditions, including very high and very low temperatures and amid saltwater and harsh chemicals (from deicing fluids to missile fuel). Further, manufacturers must meet stringent requirements. As a result, the testing regimen involved in ensuring battlefield readiness is complex and multifaceted – not only for the devices that end up in soldiers’ hands, but also for the many component parts that make those devices work
Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining ground more recently. New powertrains like electric and hybrid come with new noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues previously unknown. A new approach to acoustic engineering is required to study NVH issues in EVs. The two primary dominant sources in an internal combustion engine (ICE) are engine noise due to combustion, and exhaust noise would not be there for EVs. EVs are less noisy, but several motor or battery cooling noises are encountered during design and validation. NVH is an indispensable part of subsystem integration in the EV powertrain. This article deals with various noise issues generally observed in EVs and their possible treatment to achieve the comfort car, satisfying customer expectations. The NVH-related problems for EVs are categorized into five categories: motor, wind, road, auxiliary, and other noises like integration. A detailed study of each category/problem type and NVH-suppression methods are discussed. The selection
Hazra, SandipReddy, Janardhan K.
In the aerospace industry, components are subjected to harsh operating environments. Extremes of temperature, corrosive particulate matter in the air, friction and a variety of operating factors combine to increase the risk of wear and tear, corrosion, and damage
Eddy current displacement sensors belong to the inductive displacement group of sensors and are well-adapted for industrial applications. Unlike conventional inductive sensors, the measuring principle for eddy current sensors enables measurements on non-ferromagnetic materials (e.g., aluminum) as well as ferromagnetic materials (e.g., steel). They are designed for non-contact and wear-free measurements of displacement, distance, position, oscillation, vibration, and thickness. Therefore, they are ideally suited to monitoring machines and systems — they can make measurements in harsh Industrial environments, even where pressure, dirt, or temperature fluctuations occur
The automotive air-conditioning (AC) components fitted on passenger car having high vibration make significant impact on vehicle noise and harshness inside the cabin. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the vibrations within the permissible limit. This can be done by improving dynamic behavior of the assembly under vehicle fitments. The present paper explains about design improvement carried out on the condenser assembly to increase strength of the mounting brackets as well as to reduce the noise level by reducing the vibrations. Modal frequency response analysis has been performed on the existing condenser and found that there was relatively high vibration on the assembly due to low stiffness of the bracket. From the acoustic analysis, it was observed that the noise is occurring due to high vibration at resonance condition. By doing the design changes on the assembly, modal frequency increased relatively. Accordingly, noise level also reduced. The Vibro-acoustic analysis predicted the
Bora, DipankarParayil, PaulsonMeena, Avadhesh
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