Browse Topic: Productivity

Items (1,106)
The EN24 and EN42 materials were machined by the electric discharge machine (EDM). The study aimed to optimize the input variables for the multiple outputs, such as metal removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface roughness. The machining of the metal is essential to analyze the surface quality and the production rate. The MRR is a prediction of the production rate and surface roughness resembling the quality of the surface. The input variables were current (A), pulse on time (ton), and pulse duty factor (T). The three levels of current were 3A, 6A, and 9A. The ton time was selected as 30 μs, 50 μs, and 70 μs. The pulse duty factors were selected as 4, 5, and 6. The Taguchi optimization techniques are used to optimize process parameters. The L9 orthogonal array was selected for the process. ANOVA analysis was employed to check the rank of the input parameters relative to the output. The maximum MRR were at 9A, 70 μs, and 4 duty factor for the EN24. The best MRR were at 9A
Sahu, Kapil DevSingh, RajnishChauhan, Akhilesh Kumar
Today, advancements in industrial laser cleaning automation show great promise in boosting productivity and safety when rust and contaminant removal or surface preparation is required for higher volumes of components and equipment
The use of aluminum to manufacture injection molds aims to maximize the productivity of plastic parts, as its alloys present higher heat conductivity than tool steel alloys. However, it is essential to accurately control the injection molding parameters to assure that the design tolerances are achieved in the final molded plastic part. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the use of aluminum alloys in high-volume production processes. It delves into the correlation between the type of material used for mold production (steel or aluminum) and the thickness of the injected part, and how these variables affect the efficiency of the process in terms of the quantity and quality of the produced parts. The findings suggest that replacing steel molds with aluminum alloys significantly reduces injection molding cycle time, the difference ranging from 57.1% to 72.5%. Additionally, the dimensional accuracy and less distortion provided by aluminum have improved product quality. In case of
Marconi, PedroAmarante, EvandroFerreira, CristianoBeal, ValterRibeiro Júnior, Armando
The integration of collaborative robots, or cobots, into manufacturing has revolutionized traditional processes, offering an unprecedented blend of precision, productivity, and safety. Known for their effectiveness in activities from palletizing to welding, cobots are emerging as invaluable assets for activities involving material removal like sanding, grinding and polishing, relieving human workers from arduous and risky tasks
As the automotive industry focuses on fuel-efficient and eco-friendly vehicles along with reducing the carbon footprint, weight reduction becomes essential. Composite materials offer several advantages over metals, including lighter weight, corrosion resistance, low maintenance, longer lifespan, and the ability to customize their strength and stiffness according to specific loading requirements. This paper describes the design and development of the Rear Under Run Protection Device (RUPD) using composite materials. RUPD is designed to prevent rear under-running of passenger vehicles by heavy-duty trucks in the event of a crash. The structural strength and integrity of RUPD assembly are evaluated by applying loads and constraints in accordance with IS 14812:2005. The design objective was to reduce weight while maintaining a balance between strength, stiffness, weight, manufacturability, and cost. The process involved detailed laminate design, finite element analysis, and optimization
Srivastava, SanjaySonkusare, Shailesh
The concept of the vehicle has changed in accordance with the technological innovations on last decade. Today we can call these changes basically as "CASE" (Connected, Autonomous/Automated, Shared, and Electric). The ease of product access on the user side and the mass production related works have increased worldwide production volumes. This issue has resulted in a greater demand for manpower in the sector. In addition, management, productivity, and profitability related difficulties have occurred. In this project, improvements were made mainly around the productivity through the automation of "vehicle transfer operations in plant operations", which is one of a major problem and a manpower/hour consuming task. This system named as Remote-Control Auto Driving System (RCD). The advance technology used system enabling unmanned, secured operations, were implemented in mass production environment earlier than the rest of the world
Iwahori, KentoSawano, TakuroIwazaki, NoritsuguKanou, TakeshiInoue, GoOkamoto, YukiHatano, YasuyoshiYasuyama, ShogoKato, JunyaOka, YuheiKakuma, DaisukeYajima, AmaneChiba, Hiroya
A crucial component utilized in the trunk space is the luggage board. Positioned at the bottom of the trunk, the trunk board separates the vehicle body from the interior and supports for luggage. The luggage board serves multiple functions, including load-bearing stiffness for luggage, partition structure functionality, noise insulation, and thermal insulation. There is a need for a competitive new luggage board manufacturing method to meet the increasing demand for luggage boards in response to the changing market environment. To address this, the "integrated sandwich molding method" is required. The integrated sandwich molding method utilizes three key methodologies: grouping processes to integrate similar functions, analyzing materials to replace them with suitable alternatives, and overcoming any lacking functionality through integrated design structures. This paper presents a methodology for developing the integrated sandwich molding method. It aims to validate the key performance
Park, Hee SangYoon, Yeon SimLee Sr, Seung KunKim Sr, Seok CheolLee, Dong Han
Rotary Bell Atomizers are well established in the automotive industry for top coating applications. This type of atomizer allows to create a uniform coating and is characterized by high productivity. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the process depends on many complex factors. For instance, the transfer efficiency of the paint material, which is the percentage of the paint reaching the structure surface, ranges from 60-95% depending on the application conditions. Any increase in the transfer efficiency can not only reduce energy and material costs, but also reduce the emission of harmful non-deposited paint particles and the effort to handle them. The use of accurate numerical methods in this process helps to optimize the application process, reduce the number of expensive field experiments, and shortens the development cycle of new vehicles, which ensures predictability of production costs. This paper describes a multidisciplinary framework that allows to simulate the industrial
Panov, DmitriiMenon, MuraleekrishnanZhu, HuaxiangStadik, AlexanderZhang, LingranKotian, AkhileshPeng, ChongMonaco, ErnestoBorra, Ravi KanthBoraey, Mohammed
As manufacturers push for increased productivity, low-value tasks such as material transport have become clear targets for improvement. In efforts to reduce material transport in large facilities, companies have explored the use of intermediate warehouse areas throughout the production floor. However, this takes up valuable space, requires additional material processing and handling, and creates opportunities for errors and lost or misplaced materials
Diversity in the workforce contributes to creativity, productivity, and innovation. More women today are studying and excelling in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In the U.S., women make up 14 percent of the engineering workforce. The number of female engineers across the globe is on the rise but compared to male engineers it is still much lower
Efficient transportation for carrying heavy loads is a common challenge across various applications, from supermarkets to industrial purposes. Conventional trolleys often fall short when loaded with heavy cargo, resulting in increased exertion and diminished productivity. Moreover, these challenges can adversely affect posture and lumbar spine health, especially for elder people and persons with cervical problems. There is a need for more user-friendly, ergonomic, and space-efficient solutions. This project addresses these challenges through an innovative design that encompasses various aspects of trolley functionality, including the study of comfort, wheel selection, and material considerations, drawing from ergonomic research. Multiple methods are employed to optimize the trolley’s dimensions to improve its overall performance. The trolley’s design features a collapsible basket for the transport of smaller-sized items and a base frame for larger goods and luggage. The project
Krishnaraj, S.Senthil Kumar, R.Sedhumadhavan, P.Mahmoodu Murshid Abdullah, I.Abdul Rahman, N.
Being an engineer-to-order (ETO) operating industry, the control cabinet industry faces difficulties in process and workplace optimizations due to changing requirements and lot size one combined with volatile orders. To optimize workplaces for employees, current literature is focusing on ergonomic designs, providing frameworks to analyze workplaces, leaving out the optimal design for productivity. This work thus utilizes a Kano analysis, collecting empirical data to identify essential design requirements for assembly workplaces, incorporating input from switchgear manufacturing employees. The results emphasize the need for a balance between ergonomics and efficiency in workplace design. Surprisingly, few participants agree on the correlation between improved processes and workspaces having a positive impact on their well-being and product quality. Ultimately, the study offers a list of requirements that are needed at ETO assembly stations to satisfy employees and improve efficiency of
Stoidner, MichaBründl, PatrickMatthes, TinaNguyen, Huong GiangAbrass, AhmaddFranke, Jörg
India striving for carbon neutrality influences futures powertrain architecture of commercial vehicles. The use of CO2-free drives as battery electric have been demonstrated for various applications. The productivity still is a challenge due to missing high power charging infrastructure or limited range. This draws the attention to the use of sustainable fuels due to lower refueling times. The hydrogen engine got highest attention in the last couple of years. For markets as the EU the driver for hydrogen is the CO2 emission reduction, whereas for markets as India hydrogen offers the additional opportunity for more independence from fossil imports. Different OEMs all over the world have converted diesel engines to hydrogen operation with strong focus on performance and emission demonstration, so far with limited technology readiness of different key components. As of a strong market pull, AVL will show how to ensure SOP readiness in 2025 by effective use of simulation, verification
Arnberger, Anton
New Holland Construction is entering a new equipment category with its full line of small articulated loaders. The lineup consists of five models - the ML12, ML12T, ML15, ML23 and ML22X - that will be available in the first quarter of 2024. “These new small articulated loaders are the embodiment of New Holland Construction's commitment to innovation and excellence,” said Daniel Kakareka, product manager for New Holland Construction North America. “They're designed to empower our customers to accomplish more in confined spaces, with increased productivity and precision. Truly, refining the way we approach landscaping and light construction tasks
Wolfe, Matt
Aerospace manufacturers know what it means to work with high stakes. Extremely tight tolerances, expensive materials and complicated processes define the industry. But few aerospace components are more critical - or more challenging - than the turbine discs that go into the hot side of jet engines. When machining these rotating components, everything must be correct, secure and reliable - not only to meet stringent surface integrity requirements, but also to avoid devastatingly expensive failures. A mistake that leads to a scrapped component can cost a manufacturer upward of $100,000, depending on when the mistake happened in the production process
In the 1st generation Toyota "MIRAI" fuel cell stack, carbon protective surface coating is deposited after individual Ti bipolar plate being press-formed into the desired shape. Such a process has relatively low production speed, not ideal for large scale manufacturing. A new coating concept, consisting of a nanostructured composite layer of titanium oxide and carbon particles, was devised to enable the incorporation of both the surface treatment and the press processes into the roll-to-roll production line. The initial coating showed higher than expected contact resistance, of which the root cause was identified as nitrogen contamination during the annealing step that inhibited the formation of the composite film structure. Upon the implementation of a vacuum furnace chamber as the countermeasure, the issue was resolved, and the improved coating could meet all the requirements of productivity, conductivity, and durability for use in the newer generation of fuel cell stacks
YAMASAKI, TakenoriIKEDA, KotaroSATO, Toshiki
As the world is moving toward optimized production strategies, third-world countries are also putting their efforts into contributing to this smart manufacturing approach. However, despite realizing the impact of its global significance and reduction in financial overheads, most of the third-world potential industries are hesitant to this transformation. The predominant reasons are huge capital investments and the cost of handling technology. In this study, a cost calculation methodology is recognized that analyze the cost benefits of technological investment. The case shows that the adaptation of Industry 4.0 is more economical than the traditional manufacturing approach. In an existing setup, a traditional TDABC is being applied, where cost id resources such as labor and material are included in a product cost at the end. This approach losses the visibility of associated labor and material cost used for the particular activity giving an offset in a product cost. Therefore, it is
Fatima, AnisAli, Syed Sajjad
Sports medicine and wound management have been strong growth areas for Smith & Nephew, which has also seen its orthopedics business gain momentum since the end of 2022. With COVID behind them and patients and their physicians returning to elective procedures, the company is seeing strong market revenue growth in 2022, according to CEO Deepak Nath, who spoke during its first quarter trading update
In order to guarantee the dependability and effectiveness of industrial machinery, real-time gearbox malfunction detection is extremely important. Traditional approaches to condition monitoring systems sometimes rely on time-consuming human inspections or routine maintenance, which can result in unanticipated failures and expensive downtime. The rise of the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) in recent years has paved the way for more sophisticated and automated monitoring methods. An IIoT-based condition monitoring system is suggested in this study for real-time gearbox failure detection. The gearbox health state is continually monitored by the system using sensor data from the gearbox, such as temperature, vibration, and oil analysis. Real-time transmission of the gathered data is made to a central monitoring hub, where sophisticated analytics algorithms are used to look for any flaws. This study’s potential to improve the dependability and operational effectiveness of industrial
Sivaraman, P.Ilakiya, P.Prabhu, M.K.Ajayan, Adarsh
Sometimes an innovation comes along that changes the manufacturing landscape. Pro Spot International has created a unique Cobot Spot Welding solution. By bringing this new tool to the sheet metal fabrication market, the company aims to bring game-changing gains in productivity, reliability, traceability, and ergonomic safety to the manufacturing world
Power tools are essential in most modern industries. However, poorly selected and managed tools can contribute to safety risks, including physical injuries, noise-associated hearing loss, and repetitive motion injuries. Outdated or poorly maintained tools also cost far more to operate than better quality products and often create quality and productivity issues. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) guides buyers and users of power tools in the evaluation, selection, and use of power tools for economy, efficiency, and safety. It intended to be a “layman’s guide” and supports the application of the SAE Aerospace Standard AS6228, which provides guidance for a scientific and engineering audience focusing upon manufacturers and engineering developers
EG-1B1 Power Tools - Productivity, Ergonomics and Safety
The demand for air travel is back. And so is the demand for new aircraft. The volume of production demand has reached 2019 levels much sooner than many aerospace component manufacturers anticipated. As the industry looks for ways to ramp up production, aerospace machining operations are grappling with numerous challenges to meet deliveries on time
With the growth of Industry 4.0 in recent years, Augmented Reality (AR) technologies are changing the way operators work by increasing their efficiency and operational performance. A common use of AR is providing operators helpful work instructions for assembly by presenting relevant digital information in the context of the physical environment. These AR experiences can be viewed via several devices such as mobile, wearable, and stationary devices, each being useful for different applications. While in the experience, instructions are provided by means of 3D animation, text, images, and interactive buttons, all of which are directly overlaid onto the physical product or equipment being worked on. This work presents a closed-loop, enterprise connected, AR system for post end Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly work instructions. The system is designed to work with a stationary device, allows for varying types of PCB”s, provides overlaid instruction, and logs important information to
Becerra, Elijah JamesHovanski, YuriTenny, JoePeterson, Rebecca
Aerospace manufacturing is improving its productivity and growth by expanding its capacity for production by investing in new tools and more equipment to provide additional capacity and flexibility in the face of widespread supply disruptions and unpredictable demand. However, the cost of such measures can result in increased unit costs. Alternatively, productivity and quality can be improved by utilizing available resources better to reach optimal performance and react to emerging disruptions and changes. Elastic Manufacturing is a new paradigm that aims to change the response behavior of firms to meet sudden market demands based on automated analysis of the utilization of the available resources, and autonomous allocation of capacity to use resources in the most efficient manner. Through digitalization of the shopfloor, streaming data from equipment enables companies to identify areas for improvement and boost the efficiency without large capital expenditure. Additionally, the impact
Elshafei, BasemMo, FanChaplin, Jack C.Arellano, Giovanna MartinezRatchev, Svetan
The objective of this paper on the research productivity of the Indian automotive industry is to present the transformation of the research community of the Indian automotive industry, with reference to the Symposium on International Automotive Technology (SIAT) conferences held in the last 17 years. It reveals the dynamic nature of automotive research in the country. The exhibits research outcome is dominated by specific fields and specific organizations in a dynamic way. The study indicates the patterns of research priorities among different fields and elaborates the extent of concentration and dissemination of their research output. The output and impact of research under different existing fields of Indian automotive industry indicates share of international collaborative research at overall level as well as across various domains. It also analyzes the strong and weak areas of research. It also elaborates on countries which impacted and scientists with whom Indian automotive
Joshi, Ashutosh GopalraoSanthoshkumar, S.Priyan, E.Kumbhar, Rajendra MadhavraoVenugopal, M. Shankar
It's no longer a question of when metal additive manufacturing (AM)-and particularly metal laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF)-will become an accepted, reliable production technology, particularly in aerospace and defense. This is already the case now. Over the past 18 months a host of aerospace leaders, OEMs, startups, and contract manufacturers (CMs) alike have purchased, or begun outsourcing work to, advanced AM systems. They're confidently producing end-use, 3D-printed parts-and sometimes entire rocket engines. In a quarterly study of revenue growth of leading AM system-makers, published in the summer of 2022, the industrial sector was reported to have grown 19 percent compared to the same period in 2021. This was cited as proof that companies and users are looking to invest in the larger, more powerful industrial AM solutions that offer greater efficiency and productivity
Stainless Steel 304 (SS304) is a nickel–chromium–based alloy that is regularly used in valves, refrigeration components, evaporators, and cryogenic containers due to its greater corrosion resistance, high ductility, and non-magnetic properties, as well as good weldability and formability. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish empirical relationships between process variables. Additionally, the established regression equations are employed to predict and compare experimental data. Due to the increasing demands for high-quality surface finishes and complex geometries, traditional methods are being replaced by non-conventional techniques such as wire EDM. This process, which emerged from the electrical discharge machining concept, mainly involves creating intricate components. WEDM results in a high degree of precision and excellent surface quality. Due to the complexity of WEDM, the processing parameters cannot be selected by using the trial-and-error method. The various
Natarajan, ManikandanPasupuleti, ThejasreeSilambarasan, RR, RameshKatta, Lakshmi Narasimhamu
Since the earliest days of atmospheric flight, aviation has connected the world and increased global productivity, economic opportunity, and quality of life. Maintaining these benefits requires that industry, government, and academia collaborate in ensuring safe skies, enabling a sustainable industry to preserve our environment, and developing a smart workforce supported by smarter machines
In the last years, the design in the automotive sector is mainly led by emission reduction and circular economy. To satisfy the first perspective, composites materials are being increasingly used to produce lightweight structural and semi-structural components. However, the automotive mass production arises the problem of the end-of-life disposal of the vehicle and the reduction of the wastes environmental impact. The circular economy of the composite materials has therefore become a challenge of primary importance for car manufacturers and tier 1 suppliers. It is necessary to pursue a different economic model, combining traditional raw materials with the intensive use of materials from recycling processes. New technologies are being studied and developed concerning the reuse of in-line production scraps with out-of-autoclave process that makes them desirable for high production rate applications. In this frame, a methodology for the reuse of prepreg cutouts coming from in-line ply
Fiumarella, DarioBelingardi, GiovanniBoria, SimonettaCastorani, VincenzoNardinocchi, AlessiaScattina, Alessandro
High-speed digital imaging expands the benefits of traditional machine vision (MV), transforming it from a process control tool into a diagnostic tool. Traditional MV systems use commercial off-the-shelf imaging sensors, lighting modules and processors to guide, inspect or identify parts moving along production lines. Compared to human operators, these systems are fast, accurate and repeatable, increasing productivity in fast-paced manufacturing environments
Operational Technology (OT) networks are historically “air-gapped” from the rest of the networked world. But pressure is mounting for manufacturers to leverage real-time data exchanges from outside their controlled environments to increase productivity and efficiency. One major concern for manufacturers is how safe and secure it is to open the OT network’s doors to the internet
In this paper, the formulation of a reduced chemical kinetic mechanism for iso-pentanol fuel is presented. First, the main reaction pathway and pertinent key species for iso-pentanol oxidation were identified. Then, the detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for iso-pentanol was reduced using reduction techniques which included directed relation graph, isomer lumping and temperature sensitivity analysis, where a reduced mechanism of 92 species and 444 reactions was obtained. The reduced mechanism for iso-pentanol was validated against experimental data as well as detailed mechanism predictions under zero-dimensional shock tube auto-ignition and jet-stirred reactor (JSR) conditions, at initial temperatures from 650 K to 1350 K, initial pressures from 10.1 bar to 60 bar and equivalence ratios between 0.5 and 2. Under the shock tube auto-ignition conditions, more than 85% of the experimental measurements and detailed mechanism predictions for the ignition delay (ID) of iso-pentanol were
Cheng, XinweiScribano, GianfrancoCheng, Xinzi
Transportation vehicle and network system efficiency can be defined in two ways: 1) reduction of travel times across all the vehicles in the system, and 2) reduction in total energy consumed by all the vehicles in the system. The mechanisms to realize these efficiencies are treated as independent (i.e., vehicle and network domains) and, when combined, they have not been adequately studied to date. This research aims to integrate previously developed and published research on Predictive Optimal Energy Management Strategies (POEMS) and Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS), to address the need for quantifying improvement in system efficiency resulting from simultaneous vehicle and network optimization. POEMS and ITS are partially independent methods which do not require each other to function but whose individual effectiveness may be affected by the presence of the other. In order to evaluate the system level efficiency improvements, the Mobility Energy Productivity (MEP) metric is used. MEP
Motallebiaraghi, FarhangYao, KaisenRabinowitz, AaronHoehne, ChristopherGarikapati, VenuHolden, JacobWood, EricChen, SurenAsher, ZacharyBradley, Thomas
Threaded, potted inserts are commonly used as a standard connecting element for sandwich components, which are used for aircraft interior. Since they often offer the only detachable connection, they are used in very high quantities. To ensure a material bond between the inserts and the honeycomb structure, the joint is filled with adhesive. Despite the high number of inserts, this process is performed manually. Recent research has shown new approaches for automated gripping and placement of the inserts by an industrial robot that yield high potential for cost savings and increased productivity. Automated adhesive insertion, so-called potting, has not been considered so far but is an essential contribution to the full automation of the entire process chain. The amount of adhesive varies depending on the type of insert and its position on the honeycomb structure. During the potting process, it is also mandatory to prevent air inclusions, to fulfill safety requirements in the aviation
Kalscheuer, FlorianMüller, TimGierecker, JohannSchüppstuhl, Thorsten
The aerospace sector is challenged to produce airplanes more efficiently and resiliently in the future. This leads to an increasing demand for improving productivity and flexibility as well as providing solutions for sustainable developments. A bottleneck in production is the machining of large-scale components. Apart from the machining tasks, non-productive operations like fixture adjustment, component handling, referencing and localization are performed within the machining station and can constitute up to 50% of the overall workload. In the UniFix project, Fraunhofer IFAM is participating in the development of a mobile fixture system for large-scale aircraft components, like vertical tail plane and landing flap components of the single aisle aircrafts. By installing components into a mobile holding fixture with an according referencing scheme, a flow line can be established that is composed of specialized workstations discharging the machining station from non-productive processes
Brillinger, ChristophKallipalayam Murugesan, Satheesh KumarMoeller, ChristianBoehlmann, ChristianHintze, WolfgangNiermann, Dirk
To find out about the contributions integrated building systems can provide to enhance the working and living environment inside a commercial building, I interviewed Dwight Stewart, Founder and CTO, Igor, Inc. (West Des Moines, IA
Autonomous agricultural vehicles are entering the marketplace, performing jobs that current equipment cannot do or are too dangerous for people to perform. They offer the prospect of greater farm productivity, and they will help to feed the world’s growing population. Commercialization of Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles looks at several topics that impact the commercial success of autonomous agricultural vehicles: Economic benefits Machine utilization rates Job quality Labor savings Reliability Standards and regulations Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
Moorehead, Stewart
The logistics process in Brazil and the world represents a significant portion of the cost of manufactured products, either for export or import. The availability of technologies that make the logistic process more efficient directly affects the product’s transportation productivity and makes them more competitive. This paper presents a telemetry model of commercial vehicles integrated with harvest machines in agriculture operations, allowing accurate scheduling of loading and unloading processes at the field. In this study, we introduce a conceptual model of a technological matrix, where the shared topologies of vehicle information processing help predict failures, identification of wear of vehicle and machine’s components. The opportunity is demonstrated to collect data from agricultural machines and combine them with data extracted from trucks. The sharing of information on farm machinery and trucks in real-time establishes an essential change in crop management in the field
Abrahão, Luciano BreveFilho, João Francisco JustoYoshiokaFilho, Leopoldo Rideki
After more than a century of the world’s automotive systems being powered and driven by gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines, the irreversible transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is underway
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