Browse Topic: Aircraft structures
The inductance parameter is important for the flux regulation performance of the hybrid excitation motor, and the axial structure leads to the change in the inductance parameter of the axial-radial hybrid excitation motor (ARHEM). To clarify the inductance characteristic of the ARHEM with different winding construction and the mutual coupling effect between the axial excitation and permanent magnet excitation on the inductance. Firstly, the structure of the ARHEM is presented. Secondly, the self and mutual inductance characteristics of ARHEM are analyzed using the winding function method. Then, the influence of the axial excitation structure on the armature reaction field and saliency ratio of ARHEM. On this basis, the mechanism of the mutual coupling, between the axial excitation and permanent magnet field under different excitation currents on the main air gap magnetic field, and the inductance of ARHEM with fractional slot are revealed.
Monitoring the rotor temperature of drive machines is crucial for the safety and performance of electric vehicles. However, due to the complex operating conditions of electric vehicles, the thermal parameters of vehicular induction machines (IMs) vary significantly and are difficult to identify accurately. This article first establishes a concise but effective thermal network for IMs and analyzes the influencing factors of thermal parameters. Then, a parameter identification network (PIN) with multiple parallel branches is constructed to learn the mapping relationship between electromechanical variables and thermal parameters. Afterward, temperature datasets for network training are built through bench testing. Finally, the effectiveness of identified parameters for rotor temperature estimation application is verified, demonstrating improved interpretability, generalization ability, and accuracy compared to an end-to-end neural network.
This standard covers the requirements for non-separable, airframe antifriction needle bearings and corrosion-resistant and traditional materials intended for use in flight vehicle control systems with radial loads.
This document establishes a procedure for disposition of landing gear components that have been involved in accidents/incidents. The recommendations in this document apply to components made of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. The recommendations in this document do not apply to components made of nonmetallic composite materials.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice establishes the requirements and procedures for eddy current inspection of open fastener holes in aluminum aircraft structures.
This document provides the specifications of horizontal hard-bearing balancing machines, which make such machines suitable for gas turbine rotor balancing.
Semi-automated computational design methods involving physics-based simulation, optimization, machine learning, and generative artificial intelligence (AI) already allow greatly enhanced performance alongside reduced cost in both design and manufacturing. As we progress, developments in user interfaces, AI integration, and automation of workflows will increasingly reduce the human inputs required to achieve this. With this, engineering teams must change their mindset from designing products to specifying requirements, focusing their efforts on testing and analysis to provide accurate specifications. Generative Design in Aerospace and Automotive Structures discusses generative design in its broadest sense, including the challenges and recommendations regarding multi-stage optimizations. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the maintainability features that should be considered in the design of aircraft wheels and brakes. The effect on other factors, such as cost, weight, reliability, and compatibility with other systems, should be weighed before incorporation of any of these maintainability features into the design.
This document defines the criteria used for the selection and placement of landing gear shock strut upper and lower bearings (see Figure 1). Common problems associated with shock strut bearings are presented herein.
This document outlines the most common repairs used on landing gear components. It is not the intention of this AIR to replace overhaul/component maintenance or technical order manuals, but it can serve as a guide into their preparation. Refer to the applicable component drawings and specifications for surface finish, thickness, and repair processing requirements. This document may also be used as a guide to develop an MRB (Material Review Board) plan. The repairs in this document apply to components made of metallic alloys. These repairs are intended for new manufactured components and overhauled components, including original equipment manufacturer (OEM)/depot and in-service repairs. The extent of repair allowed for new components as opposed to in-service components is left to the cognizant engineering authorities. Reference could be made to this document when justifying repairs on landing gears. For repairs outside the scope of this document, a detailed justification is necessary
The intent of this AIR is twofold: (1) to present descriptive summary of aircraft nosewheel steering and centering systems, and (2) to provide a discussion of problems encountered and “lessons learned” by various airplane manufacturers and users. This document covers both military aircraft (land-based and ship-based) and commercial aircraft. It is intended that the document be continually updated as new aircraft and/or new “lessons learned” become available.
With regards to any aerospace mission, it is very useful to have awareness about the state of vehicle, i.e., the information about its position, velocity, attitude, rotational rates and other concerned data such as control surface deflections, landing gear touchdown, working of mechanisms and so on. The sensor data from the vehicle that is communicated to the ground can be difficult to perceive and analyze. A frame work for real-time motion simulation of an aerospace vehicle from onboard telemetry data is henceforth developed in order to improve the understanding about the current state of the mission and aid in real-time decision making if required. The telemetry data, that is transmitted through User Datagram Protocol (UDP), is received and decoded to usable format. The visualization software accepts the data in a fixed time interval and applies the required transformations in order to ensure one-to-one correspondence between actual vehicle and simulation. The transformations
The mystery of how futuristic aircraft embedded engines, featuring an energy-conserving arrangement, make noise has been solved by researchers at the University of Bristol. University of Bristol, Bristol, UK A study published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics, reveals for the first time how noise is generated and propagated from these engines, technically known as boundary layer ingesting (BLI) ducted fans. BLI ducted fans are similar to the large engines found in modern airplanes but are partially embedded into the plane's main body instead of under the wings. As they ingest air from both the front and from the surface of the airframe, they don't have to work as hard to move the plane, so it burns less fuel. The research, led by Dr. Feroz Ahmed from Bristol's School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering under the supervision of Professor Mahdi Azarpeyvand, utilized the University National Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel Facility. They were able to identify distinct noise sources originating
Thin cylindrical shells are ubiquitous structural elements in aerospace structures, and they experience catastrophic buckling under axial compression. The recent advancements in theoretical and numerical studies aided in realising the role of localisation in shell buckling. However, the instantaneous buckling made it unfeasible for the experimental observations to corroborate the numerical results. This necessitates high-fidelity shell buckling experiments using full-filed measurement techniques. Cutouts are deliberate and inevitable geometrical imperfections in actual structures that could dictate the buckling response. Additive manufacturing makes fabricating shells with tailored imperfections and studying various conceivable designs feasible. Consequently, to comprehend the effect of circular cutout on the buckling response, cylindrical shells are 3D printed in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with a circular cutout of a specific size that could significantly shorten the buckling
A study published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics, reveals for the first time how noise is generated and propagated from these engines, technically known as boundary layer ingesting (BLI) ducted fans. BLI ducted fans are similar to the large engines found in modern airplanes but are partially embedded into the plane’s main body instead of under the wings. As they ingest air from both the front and from the surface of the airframe, they don’t have to work as hard to move the plane, so it burns less fuel.
This document outlines the development process and makes recommendations for total antiskid/aircraft systems compatibility. These recommendations encompass all aircraft systems that may affect antiskid brake control and performance. It focuses on recommended practices specific to antiskid and its integration with the aircraft, as opposed to more generic practices recommended for all aircraft systems and components. It defers to the documents listed in Section 2 for generic aerospace best practices and requirements. The documents listed below are the major drivers in antiskid/aircraft integration: 1 ARP4754 2 ARP4761 3 RTCA DO-178 4 RTCA DO-254 5 RTCA DO-160 6 ARP490 7 ARP1383 8 ARP1598 In addition, it covers design and operational goals, general theory, and functions, which should be considered by the aircraft brake system engineer to attain the most effective skid control performance, as well as methods of determining and evaluating antiskid system performance. For definitions of
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the design approaches used for current applications of aircraft Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems. The document also discusses the experience gained during service, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The document includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on the current state of the art systems.
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