In the context of the automotive industry’s rapid evolution, traffic safety has become a top priority. Automobile active safety technology has shown great potential in reducing traffic accidents. Soft targets in intelligent vehicle testing play a pivotal role in assessing active safety performance. However, these targets are designed according to standards set by European and American countries, which may not fully reflect China’s needs. The study’s objective is to design a library of pedestrian parameter models that meet Chinese standards. It began with the design of a representative pedestrian target, created using Chinese body size parameters and data. An experimental investigation was then conducted to determine the radar characteristics of pedestrian targets. A comparative analysis was performed with reference products. The study led to the creation of a model library for pedestrian targets, following the Chinese standard. It was formulated using experimental data and standards.

Tian, Xinpeng, Guo, Juwei, Chen, Xingyu, Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Xin, Wang, Ke

Risk Identification and Accompanying Information Service Design of Long Downhill Road Section

2025-99-0250

12/23/2025

In order to reduce traffic accidents and losses in long downhill sections of expressways, giving drivers reasonable prevention and control means of information induction can improve the safety of long downhill sections. The location of the accompanying information service of the driver's vehicle terminal and the rationality of the intervention information are worth studying. This study takes a high-speed long downhill road as an example, divides the risk level of the long downhill road based on the road safety risk index model, and verifies it with the help of driving behavior data. Secondly, three coverage schemes of sensing devices are designed according to the results of risk classification, and the HMI interface of accompanying information service is designed according to the different coverage degrees of sensing devices. Finally, a driving simulation experiment was carried out based on the driving simulator, and the speed control level, psychological comfort level, operational

Wang, Yuejia, Weng, Wenzhong, Luan, Sen, Dai, Yibo

Enhancing Energy Absorption in Rear Impact Events through Rail Extension Design and Material Variations

2025-36-0096

12/18/2025

Safety improvements in vehicle crashworthiness remain a primary concern for automotive manufacturers due to the increasing complexity of traffic and the rising number of vehicles on roads globally. Enhancing structural integrity and energy absorption capabilities during collisions is paramount for passenger protection. In this context, longitudinal rails play a critical role in vehicle crashworthiness, particularly in mitigating the effects of rear collisions. This study evaluates the structural performance of a rear longitudinal rail extender, characterized by a U-shaped, asymmetric cross-section, subjected to rear-impact scenarios. Seventy-two finite-element models were systematically developed from a baseline configuration, exploring variations in material yield conditions, sheet thickness, and targeted geometric modifications, including deformation initiators at three distinct positions or maintaining the original geometry. Each model was simulated according to ECE R32 regulation

Souza Coelho Freitas, Victor de, Pereira, Romulo Franco, Souza, Daniel Souto de

Current Challenges and Technological Opportunities for Implementing Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Public Transport

2025-36-0085

12/18/2025

Driven by technological advances in artificial intelligence, sensors, connectivity and sustainable mobility, autonomous buses are a reality in many contexts where their application is viable and efficient. The potential of the technology is a clear theme and has been widely discussed over the last two decades, due to various factors such as reducing accidents, increasing operating cost efficiency, improving the efficiency of public transport, reducing environmental impact and offering mobility solutions for increasingly congested urban areas. Due to the implementation of the General Safety Regulation (GSR II) in the European Union, with the aim of reducing traffic accidents and paving the way for fully autonomous vehicles, autonomous vehicles are getting closer to becoming a viable reality on the streets and highways of developed countries [1]. In order to guarantee the necessary safety in autonomous systems, data reliability is fundamental. To this end, it is essential to implement

Gameiro, João, Pirocchi, Amanda, Matias, Brenda, Paterlini, Bruno, Souza, Kerylli de, Angelone, Luca, Gama, Ulisses

Optimization of Real-Time Traffic Flow Detection Methods Based on Sensor Networks

2025-99-0337

12/17/2025

As modern society develops rapidly, people’s requests for traffic convenience and traffic safety become greater and greater, and it is essential to eliminate traffic congestion and traffic accident to sustainable development of urban areas. Therefore, this paper brings forward novel solution based on hybrid sensor networks to observe the status of traffic in road networks in order to alleviate traffic jam and prevent traffic accident. With the collection of precise traffic flow information at the time, it realizes traffic flow control at crossroads, gives warning in advance with the congestion or accident. We carried out a bunch of simulation experiments in succession, the main discoveries are as follows. a. The energy consumption is great reduced under the sensor deployment rate between 1:50–1:60 (sensor : vehicles). b.The sampling rates can keep a very high level of precise and efficiency under the appropriate range between 1:50–1:60 (sensor : vehicles).The critical segments of

Wang, Xinhai

Optimization Method for the Layout of Sponge-Like Drainage Ditches in Large Airports Based on BIM-3DGIS Coupling

2025-99-0356

12/17/2025

The control of rainfall runoff drainage in large airports presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of real-time coupling with meteorological warnings. This paper proposes an optimization method for the layout of sponge-like drainage ditches in large airports under BIM-3DGIS coupling. A BIM water supply and drainage model is constructed, with detailed inspections conducted on the functions and connections of the pipeline system in Revit software. The flow velocity and equivalent water supply pressure within the pipelines are analyzed, and collision detection is performed on the components. Based on 3DGIS technology, an optimization model for the layout of sponge-like drainage ditches is established, taking into comprehensive consideration various factors such as airport topography, rainfall characteristics, and surrounding environment. By calculating the water level changes within the infiltration and drainage ditches under different design rainfall scenarios, the storage

Geng, Liangsui, Zhao, Zhenyu, Hu, Jing

An Integrated Resilience Analysis Framework for Highway Tunnel Engineering Systems Using N-K-ISM Models Based on Decoupling thinking

2025-99-0364

12/17/2025

Before Highway tunnel engineering is a complex system undergoing various evolutionary stages and characterized by multiple risk factors. The increasing interconnection and coupling of these risk factors can lead to operational accidents or disruptive events. These coupling effects pose significant challenges for project managers in effectively managing highway tunnel systems. Traditional risk-centered analysis approaches, which focus on post-event effects and causes while paying less attention to the coupling effects among risk factors, inadequately address these challenges. To fill this gap, this study examined the resilience evolution mechanism from all life cycle perspective and proposed a multi-factor and multi-stage resilience analysis framework. This integrated framework integrates the Natural Killing (N-K) model and the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) to analyze coupling utility and implement decoupling control of resilience factors. The N-K model measures the coupling

Wang, Chunyu, An, Jingru

Aircraft Cross Taxiing Conflict Prediction and Avoidance Methods

2025-99-0423

12/10/2025

With the rapid development of the civil aviation industry, the increasing number of flights has made ensuring the safety and efficiency of airport surface movements a pressing issue. This study establishes a mathematical model to predict the collision risk of aircraft in the intersection area in real time, and proposes appropriate intervention zones for avoidance, implementing a deceleration avoidance strategy. The model is validated using historical operational data from Beijing Capital International Airport, and the results indicate that the proposed model effectively reduces the collision probability to below 0.3. It demonstrates strong performance in predicting cross-path conflicts and reducing conflict risks. Additionally, the deceleration avoidance strategy further lowers the collision probability, improving both the safety and efficiency of airport surface operations. This research offers valuable insights for enhancing the operational efficiency and proactive safety levels of

Zhang, Ting, Lian, Guan, Zhang, Guoxin, Zhao, Yeqi

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