Browse Topic: Crash statistics
The National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) contains an abundance of field crash data. As technology advances and the database continues to grow over the years, the statistical significance of the data increases and trends can be observed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad-based, up-to-date, reference resource with respect to commonly sought-after crash statistics. Charts include up-to-date crash distributions by Delta-V and impact direction with corresponding injury severity rates. Rollover data is also analyzed, as well as historical trends for injury severity, belt usage, air bag availability, and the availability of vehicle safety technology
Accident statistics have shown that older and obese occupants are less adaptable to existing vehicle occupant restraint systems than ordinary middle-aged male occupants, and tend to have higher injury risk in vehicle crashes. However, the current research on injury mechanism of aging and obese occupants in vehicle frontal impacts is scarce. This paper focuses on the optimization design method of occupant restraint system parameters for specific body type characteristics. Three parameters, namely the force limit value of the force limiter in the seat belt, pretensioner preload of the seat belt and the proportionality coefficient of mass flow rate of the inflator were used for optimization. The objective was to minimize the injury risk probability subjected to constraints of occupant injury indicator values for various body regions as specified in US-NCAP frontal impact tests requirements. The approximate model was established and the optimal combination of parameters was selected by
Road accident between pedestrian and motor vehicle causes severe injuries and even death of pedestrian. The accident statistics show that the possibility of injury to pedestrian is higher in case of collision with car on busy roads. In car and pedestrian collisions, the pedestrian’s head hits with car bonnet and suffer from multiple injuries such as skull fractures and brain injury. The role of car bonnet structural strength plays an important role in pedestrian head injury level. To provide enough structural strength the high bonnet thickness is provided with under bonnet stiffeners, however thick bonnet and stiffeners reduces deformation of the bonnet during collision and increases injury level to pedestrian. Hence optimum bonnet thickness, least number and geometry of stiffeners and enough structural strength is important for bonnet to reduce injury level. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of car bonnet thickness, number and arrangement of under bonnet stiffeners on
Transportation surveys illustrate that one of the most significant deterrents to bicycles as a form of conveyance is the concern with safety. Moreover, crash statistics also indicate that motor vehicles pose a severe risk to bicycles. As a result, this paper focuses on the development of a bicycle-mounted traffic monitoring system with the potential of providing early crash warnings to bicyclists. The system designed has a low monetary cost ($280.84) and is small enough to mount on a bicycle (94 mm × 56 mm × 89 mm). Moreover, it has sufficient range to track cars before they get dangerously close to the bike. The foundation of the system includes a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) module that includes direct compatibility with microcontrollers. This LIDAR module interacts with a camera, stepper motor, and small computers through interfacing hardware and software. While robust, one limitation of the system is processing power. Specifically, its ability to detect cars is contingent on
The official Indian accident statistics show that the number of road accidents and fatalities are one of the highest worldwide. These official statistics provide important facts about the current accident situation. It is suspected that for various reasons not all accidents are reported to the official statistic. This study estimates the degree of underreporting of traffic accidents with casualties in India. In order to get a national overview of the traffic accident situation it is necessary to improve the knowledge about underreported accidents. Therefore, the in-depth accident database of “Road Accident Sampling System India” (RASSI) was analyzed [1]. This project is organized by a consortium that has collected traffic accidents scientifically in four different regions since 2011 on the spot which have been reported either by police or by local hospitals and own patrol by RASSI engineers. Thus, the level of underreporting is researched by comparing data from hospital records and
Traffic injuries are an important public health issue. To prevent these injuries, safety systems in a vehicle are recognized as valuable tools. These safety systems are active before and during a crash event. Passive safety is one such safety tool which comprises of occupant restraint systems to prevent fatal injuries during an event of a crash. To improve the real life safety further, active safety systems plays an important role in mitigating the real world accidents. Moreover, effective integration of active and passive safety systems has a potential to further reduce car occupant fatalities. However, in the recent developments in India towards road safety, vehicle safety standards are oriented more towards passive safety. In the present work, road accidents data from India between 2005 and 2014 are studied, to estimate the major mode of accidents and factors influencing the fatal injuries. Technological and human factor interventions are derived from these accidents statistics. The
Automotive OEMs, insurance agencies and regulatory bodies are continuously looking at various accident statistics and proper ways of evaluating unaccounted (as per current regulations and safety ratings) accident scenarios to improve the safety standards of cars. Small overlap and oblique impacts during which a corner of a car hits a tree or the corner of another vehicle are two such situations. Most of the vehicles that are on road scored low when tested for these impact scenarios. This paper focuses on development of energy-absorbing members, using engineering thermoplastics materials, which can be mounted on the BIW of a vehicle, as countermeasures to small overlap impact. Various design and material configurations options, including metal plastic and composite plastic structural members mounted on the BIW are evaluated through CAE studies, against small overlap/oblique impact scenarios. Different approaches of impact energy absorption and energy transfer have been studied to
Japanese accident statistics show that despite the decreasing trend of the overall traffic fatalities, more than 1,000 pedestrians are still killed annually in Japan. One way to develop further understanding of real-world pedestrian accidents is to reconstruct a variety of accident scenarios dynamically using computational models. Some of the past studies done by the authors' group have used a simplified vehicle model to investigate pedestrian lower limb injuries. However, loadings to the upper body also need to be reproduced to predict damage to the full body of a pedestrian. As a step toward this goal, this study aimed to develop a simplified vehicle model capable of reproducing pedestrian full-body kinematics and pelvis and lower limb injury measures. The simplified vehicle model was comprised of four parts: windshield, hood, bumper and lower part of the bumper. Several different models were developed using different combinations of geometric and stiffness representation. A unique
It is known that the collisions caused by lane departure events account for range of percentages among the countries studied. To help prevent such collisions, the Lane Departure Warning (LDW) system has started to be introduced in production vehicles, but there is little research on its benefits and limitations so far. In this paper we performed an in-depth analysis of the collisions and driver-related essential variables for the lane-departure collision scenarios and demonstrated the benefit estimation process. The benefit of the LDW system is estimated by comparing lane departure events when the vehicle has no LDW, and how they change with the addition of LDW. The event without LDW was modeled in 5 phases: (1) before departure, (2) starting of the departure, (3) departed the lane, (4) at the impact with an object, and, (5) after the impact. “An extensive analysis was conducted of traffic crash data compiled by the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA
In Japan, the number of occupant fatalities has decreased at high ratio due to the development of passive and active safety technology in recent years. However, the pedestrian fatality is still the major proportion of fatalities according to the statistics of traffic accident. Therefore, it is important to study and develop active safety technologies which target to pedestrian. By analyzing the traffic accident statistics, narrow road in urban area is one of the dangerous parts for pedestrian. And the dangerous case that pedestrian often gets into an accident is while crossing road outside of crosswalk. This study focuses on accidents which are caused by pedestrians suddenly crossing narrow urban roads. In such cases, drivers need to drive carefully, preparing for sudden crossing or unexpected dangerous behavior of pedestrians. Therefore, it is important for drivers to predict the accident risk due to the crossing pedestrian behavior in such narrow roads. The final goal of this study
Plug-in electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular as the U.S. and other nations look for ways to reduce the usage of petroleum fuels and reduce the carbon emission footprint. Though plug-in electric vehicles offer many advantages over conventional vehicles, they also present some unique potential hazards due to the presence of high voltage in the vehicle. Specifically, potential high voltage hazards can occur if the electric vehicle is crashed by another vehicle during its plug-in charging session. High voltage hazards include the possibility of electrical shock and thermal events as a result of electrical arcing that can cause injury or death to persons that operate or work around plug-in electric vehicles. Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ISO 26262), often abbreviated as ASIL, is used by the automotive industry for determining the ranking of safety hazards. The likelihood of exposure to a particular safety hazard that leads to a mishap is one of the factors used for ASIL
Accident statistics shows pedestrian accident fatalities as one of the important concerns globally. In view of this, new test protocols for pedestrian safety have been drafted in regulation as well as in consumer group. Also as per new ENCAP requirements, pedestrian safety assessment is used as one of the four assessment criteria's (Adult protection, child safety, pedestrian safety, safety assist) in deciding the overall vehicle safety. Hence today importance of pedestrian safety is perceived as never before in vehicle development program. Basically pedestrian safety evaluation involves subsystem level (head form, upper leg form and lower leg form) impact tests representing human body parts, at specific region on test vehicle with injury limits to decide the severity of impact. In general these injuries are governed by vehicle styling, vehicle stiffness, hard points clearances from vehicle exterior like bonnet, bumper etc. For head impact, design parameter that mainly control the
The National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) contains a wealth of field accident data. As the size of the database continues to grow, the statistical significance of the data increases and trends can be observed. Numerous papers contain analysis and graphs of particular aspects of the data, but they are usually included in a supporting role to the main topic of the paper, and are extremely difficult to locate in a focused document search. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated, comprehensive resource to reference when looking for commonly sought-after accident statistics. Charts include accident distributions by Delta-V and impact direction with corresponding injury severity rates. Rollover data is also analyzed, as well as historical trends for injury severity, belt usage, and air bag availability
For occupant protection in vehicle crash, several kinds of ATDs (Anthropomorphic Test Devices) and associated injury criteria have been used to evaluate the performance of a vehicle body, restraint systems and other safety devices. Because of the lack of sufficiently validated injury criteria for the lumbar spine, it has been a concern that the effectiveness of some safety features for injury reduction based on the dummy and associated injury criteria may not be reasonably assessed. Therefore, in this study, a human FE model capable of evaluating lumbar spine skeletal injuries was developed. Considering an increasing percentage of the traffic accidents relating to elderly people due to extending span of human life and decreasing birthrate, not only an adult model but also a model that represents lowered tolerance of the elderly was developed. From traffic accident statistics, 35 and 75 years old (y.o.) were defined as the representative ages of adult and elderly populations. An
The Road/Lane Departure Warning System is a crash-avoidance technology which warns drivers if they are drifting (or have drifted) out of their lane or from the road. This warning system is designed to help prevent the possibility of a run-off-road crash. This system will not take control of the vehicle; it will only let the driver know that he/she needs to steer back into the lane. This warning system is not designed as a lane-change monitor, which addresses intentional lane changes, or a merging system which warns of other vehicles. This informational report applies to OEM and after-market Road/Lane Departure warning systems for light-duty vehicles on relatively straight roads with a radius of curvature of 500 m or more, and under good weather conditions. Future revisions should consider the implications of newer variations on the user experience
Engineers from Honeywell and BAE Systems address the safety and avionics issues inherent in the anticipated increase in air traffic. The current industry safety record-though extremely good in terms of accidents per passenger mile-if even maintained at the current level, will result in an increase in the total number of major accidents due to an anticipated increase in air travel. Engineers from Honeywell and BAE Systems have identified two major areas of risk where increased situational awareness (SA) could have significant benefits to controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) and the elimination of runway incursions
Driver errors cause a majority of all car accidents. Forward collision avoidance systems aim at avoiding, or at least mitigating, host vehicle frontal collisions, of which rear-end collisions are one of the most common. This is done by either warning the driver or braking or steering away, respectively, where each action requires its own considerations and design. We here focus on forward collision by braking, and present a general method for calculating the risk for collision. A brake maneuver is activated to mitigate the accident when the probability of collision is one, taking all driver actions into considerations. We describe results from a simulation study using a large number of scenarios, created from extensive accident statistics. We also show some results from an implementation of a forward collision avoidance system in a Volvo V70. The system has been tested in real traffic, and in collision scenarios (with an inflatable car) showing promising results
As part of the effort underway for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s long-term advanced frontal research program, crash data were analyzed to determine representative crash conditions for establishing more effective frontal crash test procedure(s). These crash conditions were then analyzed to determine their significance to injury causation. Crash conditions were defined by nine different configurations for vehicle-to-vehicle head-on collisions. These crash configurations were examined to determine if a relationship existed between crash type and occupant injury in terms of either severity or location of injury. Detailed weighted and unweighted crash statistics in the United States were obtained from the Crashworthiness Data System (CDS), a component of the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS). Data from the CDS were collected from 1995 to 1999 to determine the importance of crash parameters in establishing an improved frontal crash test procedure(s). Several
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