Browse Topic: Quality control

Items (2,252)
This study investigates the parameter optimization of a Rear Twist Beam (RTB) for an electric vehicle (EV) during the early stages of product development. Adapting an RTB design from an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle platform presents several challenges, one of the challenges is accommodating increased rear vehicle load while minimizing cost, with maintaining existing rear hard points. To address this, we employed an experimental study for Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) using the Taguchi DOE, which avoids costly physical durability tests. The key design parameters considered were the thickness and material grade of the RTB's components, specifically the cross beam, trailing arms, and reinforcements while preserving their original shapes. L8 Orthogonal array is constructed to design the experiment and identify the influence of the design parameters on durability performance, and the optimal combinations for maximizing durability are identified by using TOPSIS multi objective
Madaswamy, ArunachalamDhanraj, SudharsunGovindaraju, KarthikLokaiah, Srinivasan
Perceived quality (PQ) is one of the most important factors in engineering signoff as well as customer delight and product improvement (feel, look & touch). The PQ is something related to feel of product in terms of gap, flushness, fitment and appearance as per the costumer perceptions and expectations. Validation of design and engineering quality with respect to perceived quality is required for overall product appearance in the eyes of prospective customers. This is equally applicable in today’s automotive bus industry along with the other customer oriented industry. In this paper we have explored the dimensional management scope in improving the PQ requirements and expectations by utilizing the dimensional variation analysis (DVA) approach. We have tried to explain the fundamentals of vehicle aggregates fitment process and impact of fitment tolerances as used in DVA model to resolve vehicle packaging issues (critical gaps & clearance variation as per expected no. of vehicles to be
Singh, Vinay KumarDewangan, Ved PrakashKumar, RahulDeep, Amar
As light electric vehicles (LEVs) gain popularity, the development of efficient and compact on-board chargers (OBCs) has become a critical area of focus in power electronics. Conventional AC-DC topologies often face challenges, including high inrush currents during startup, which can stress components and affect system reliability. Furthermore, DC-DC converters often have a limited soft-switching range under light load conditions, leading to increased switching losses and reduced efficiency. This paper proposes a novel 6.6 kW on-board charger architecture comprising a bridgeless totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) stage and an isolated LLC resonant DC-DC converter. The main contribution lies in the specific focus on enhancing startup behavior and switching performance. In PFC converters, limiting inrush current during startup is crucial, especially with fast-switching wide-bandgap devices like SiC or GaN. Conventional soft-start techniques fall short in of ensuring smooth voltage
Patil, AmrutaBagade, Aniket
Noise quality at idle condition is an important factor which influences customer comfort. Modern diesel engines with stringent emission norms together with fuel economy requirements pose challenges to noise control. Common rail engine technology has advantage of precise fuel delivery and combustion control which needs optimization to achieve the conflicting requirements of noise, emission and fuel efficiency. Engine noise at low idle condition is dominated by combustion noise which depends on rate of pressure rise inside the cylinder during combustion. The important parameters which influence cylinder pressure rise are fuel injection timing, pilot injection quantity and its separation, rail pressure and EGR valve position. The study on effect of these parameters at varying levels demand large no of experiments. Taguchi design of experiments is a statistical technique which can be used to optimize these parameters by significantly reducing no of experiments needed to achieve the desired
P, PriyadarshanChavan, AmitA, KannanswamyPatil, SandeepChaudhari, Vishal V
Integrating advanced technologies into modern vehicles has led to an increasing focus on Functional Safety (FuSa), especially for the Automotive Integrated Cluster Module (ICM) to ensure the safety of the driver and passengers. This paper highlights the need to bring certain ICM components under an Automotive Safety Integrity Level B (ASIL-B) context using Classic AUTOSAR. This paper discusses the challenges faced and the solutions implemented for achieving compliance with ISO 26262 standards along with the Classic AUTOSAR framework. We are proposing a standardized and structured methodology for the design of the components in compliance with the key safety principles, including Freedom from Interference (FFI), execution under privileged levels, and integrity verification, particularly by adopting Classic AUTOSAR frameworks. This paper also presents the Functional Safety (FuSa) goals for these components and also extend to their configuration management and updating strategies within
Singh, IqbalKumar, Praveen
In area of modern manufacturing, ensuring product quality and minimizing defects are utmost important for maintaining competitive advantage and customer satisfaction. This paper presents an innovative approach to detect defect by leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) models trained using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) data. Traditional defect detection methods often rely on physical inspection, which can be time-consuming and prone to human error. The conventional method of developing an AI model requires a physical part data, By utilizing CAD data, the time to develop an AI model and implementing it to production line station can be saved drastically. This approach involves the use of AI algorithms trained on CAD models to detect and classify defects in real-time. The field trial results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in various industrial applications, highlighting its potential to revolutionize defect detection in manufacturing.
Kulkarni, Prasad RameshSahu, DilipJoshi, ChandrashekharKhatavkar, AkshayPoddar, ShivaniDeep, Amar
In densely populated urban environments, fuel retail outlets represent sources of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), particularly benzene, toluene, and xylene. These emissions occur during various operations including storage tank filling, underground storage, and vehicle refuelling at retail outlets. The contribution of VOC by fuel distribution infrastructure to urban VOC pollution has been adequately addressed by oil marketing companies (OMCs) by the installation of vapor recovery system which is deployed for the comprehensive capture of fugitive emissions. This study employed a novel approach at an OMC Retail Outlet in Delhi, to evaluate benzene concentrations with different operational case studies. The methodology integrated continuous ambient air monitoring system equipped with VOC analyser of Gas Chromatography – Photo Ionization Detector (GC-PID) technology alongside targeted forecourt measurements with handheld PID instrument. Benzene emissions during peak and off-peak hours
Mayeen, HafizAhuja, MuskanKalita, MrinmoyKumar, PrashantSithananthan, MArora, Ajay
This study investigates the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 inside an automobile under real-world driving conditions, one of the most polluted cities globally. India faces severe air pollution challenges in many cities, including Delhi, which are consistently ranking among the most polluted cities in the world. Major contributors to this pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial activities, construction dust, and biomass burning. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 has been linked to numerous adverse health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, aggravated asthma, decreased lung function, and premature mortality. PM2.5 particles, being smaller, can penetrate deeper into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, causing more severe health issues. In big cities like New Delhi, long driving times exacerbate exposure to these pollutants, as commuters spend extended periods in traffic. Measurements were taken both inside and outside the vehicle to assess the real-world
Gupta, RajatPimpalkar, AnkitPatel, AbhishekKumar, ShubhamJoshi, RishiKumar, Mukesh
The automotive regulatory landscape in India is evolving rapidly, driven by a dynamic policy intervention by GOI, striking push for sustainable mobility, safety, technological advancements, dEnvironmentally soundeeper localization, energy self-reliance, product quality control and simplified registration process. Key regulations cover areas like vehicle safety norms, emission norms, fuel economy norms, BIS QCO, the promotion of EVs and alternative fuel vehicles, R & D roadmaps, ELVs, incentive policies and vehicle registration reforms. India has been keeping a close eye on the automotive regulatory progress in the Europe as well as other developed countries as a cornerstone for technical harmonization, cross learning, gauge benefits and economic implications. India is progressively aligning its automotive regulations with global standards, particularly with UN Regulations and GTRs, while also considering unique Indian driving and environmental conditions. This alignment is crucial for
Patil, Dharmarayagouda
Automotive Product Development is a very complex process involving many functions across the organization along with the application of numerous technologies. Generally, most original equipment manufacturers follow a stage-gate process for any new product development. The increasing application of electrical and electronic systems, software and enhanced regulations focusing on overall safety of the eco-system further increases the complexity during development. This paper details the development and implementation of a comprehensive framework designed to enhance the quality and governance of the product development in the automotive industry. As the sector undergoes significant transformation, the need for structured development approach and robust oversight has become critical to success. The paper introduces a newly developed framework for Final Data Judgment (FDJ) and Engineering Sign-Off (ESO), representing a next-generation strategy towards defect free design, robust engineering
Digikar, AshishPathak, IshaKothari, Bhushan
The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) has brought about significant advancements in automotive technology, with inverters playing a crucial role in converting DC power from the battery to AC power for the electric motor. Ensuring the functional safety of these inverters is paramount, as any failure can have severe implications for vehicle performance and passenger safety. This case study explores the successful implementation of ISO 26262 standards in the development and validation of EV traction inverters. This paper begins by outlining the functional requirements and safety goals specific to EV inverters, followed by a detailed analysis of the potential hazards and risks associated with their operation. Using ISO 26262 as a framework, we describe the systematic approach taken to identify, assess, and mitigate these risks. Key methodologies such as Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA), Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) are employed to
Ramachandra, ShwethaV, Sushmitha
Ensuring the safety and functionality of sophisticated vehicle technologies has grown more difficult as the automotive industry quickly shifts to intelligent, electric, and connected mobility. Software-defined architectures, electric powertrains, and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) all require strong quality assurance (QA) frameworks that can handle the multi domain nature of contemporary vehicle platforms. In order to thoroughly assess the functionality and dependability of next generation automotive systems, this paper proposes an integrated QA methodology that blends conventional testing procedures with model-based validation, digital twin environments, and real-time system monitoring. The suggested framework, which includes hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), software-in-the-loop (SIL), and over-the-air (OTA) testing techniques, concentrates on end-to-end traceability from specifications to validation. Simulating intricate situations for ADAS, electric vehicle battery temperature
Komanduri, Arun SrinivasSrivastava, Anuj
This paper presents Nexifi11D, a simulation-driven, real-time Digital Twin framework that models and demonstrates eleven critical dimensions of a futuristic manufacturing ecosystem. Developed using Unity for 3D simulation, Python for orchestration and AI inference, Prometheus for real-time metric capture, and Grafana for dynamic visualization, the system functions both as a live testbed and a scalable industrial prototype. To handle the complexity of real-world manufacturing data, the current model uses simulation to emulate dynamic shopfloor scenarios; however, it is architected for direct integration with physical assets via industry-standard edge protocols such as MQTT, OPC UA, and RESTful APIs. This enables seamless bi-directional data flow between the factory floor and the digital environment. Nexifi11D implements 3D spatial modeling of multi-type motor flow across machines and conveyors; 4D machine state transitions (idle, processing, waiting, downtime); 5D operational cost
Kumar, RahulSingh, Randhir
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Mello Filho, Luiz Vicente Figueira deCanteras, Felippe BenaventeMeyer, Yuri AlexandreEmiliano, William MachadoJúnior, Vitor Eduardo MolinaGabriel, João CarlosIano, Yuzo
Additive manufacturing is one of the pillars of technologies of the industry 4.0 and enables rapid prototyping, testing of new materials, and customized manufacturing of parts with personalized design. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a bio-based and biodegradable polymer that is used in packaging, medical applications, and consumer goods. However, it presents low mechanical strength and thermal stability, which limits its use in automotive parts. The use of reinforcement materials such as cellulose nanofibers (CNF) aim to increase the mechanical strength and thermal stability of PLA without reducing its ecological appeal. However, the addition of nanofibers in the 3D printing process can lead to reproducibility problems and constant clogging of the extruder nozzle due to the material’s lower printability. These difficulties may restrict its application to industrial processes due to reduced productivity. To address the challenges in the production of automotive parts with PLA/CNF composites
Oliveira, ViníciusHoriuchi, Lucas NaoGonçalves, Ana PaulaSouza, MarianaPolkowski, Rodrigo
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Mendonça, Arthur S.Michelotti, Alvaro CantoBerto, Lucas F.Salvaro, Diego B.Binder, Cristiano
This study presents the results of applying a Lean Six Sigma-based analytical approach to optimize the manufacturing of automotive coatings, specifically in a PU primer filling process. Through production flow mapping and the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) methodology, unplanned stoppages in the filling line were significantly reduced, addressing critical inefficiencies in automotive coating production. The research was driven by the need to enhance manufacturing productivity and ensure process reliability in the production of coatings used in the automotive sector. To achieve this, Quality Management tools, such as Pareto Analysis and the Cause-and-Effect Diagram, along with Lean Manufacturing techniques, including Kaizen Blitz, were applied. These methods facilitated the identification and mitigation of key causes of unplanned downtime, improving process efficiency and reliability. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in downtime, enhanced
Filho, William Manjud MalufRodrigues, Mateus FerreiraCarriero, Emily AmaralYoshimura, Sofia LucasMarini, Vinicius KasterSiqueira, GonçaloAlves, Marcelo Augusto Leal
In recent years, the market size of cold chain transportation in China has been expanding, but the industry has problems such as low cold chain circulation rate, low efficiency, high damage rate, and high cost. Under the background of reducing costs and improving quality and efficiency in transportation and logistics, an index set for operational analysis covering average freight rates, daily average number of over-temperature alarm incidents, daily average driving distance, and daily average driving time was established from the perspectives of economic efficiency, quality, and efficiency. Based on data from a third-party platform, including vehicle trajectories, temperatures, speeds, and freight rates, the running situation of road cold chain transportation industry was analyzed. The analysis results show that in 2023, the average freight rate of China’s highway cold chain will rebound, the fluctuation range will significantly narrow, the standardization level of temperature control
Li, SicongYe, JingCao, Mengfei
With the continuous improvement of information technology in aerospace manufacturing enterprises, the need for the integration and connection of various links in the product development process is becoming increasingly urgent. This article mainly introduces the research on BOM product structure, BOM effectiveness management, and product dataset management solutions for electromechanical products, and elaborates on the key technical content involved in detail, providing a basic capability framework for the comprehensive implementation of XBOM construction in the future.
Zhang, DongZhou, WenzaoZhou, Huachuang
Automating harvesters started out as a necessary solution to a severe labor shortage in 1990, Trebro Manufacturing states on its website. The Billings, Montana-based manufacturer has been producing turf harvesting machines since 1999, and its automated sod harvesters and entire harvesting process feature self-driving, automated-control functions. The company's tag line, “The Future of Turf Harvesting,” refers to its position of being the first in the industry to offer automated turf harvesting products. Trebro's AutoStack 3 harvester is an automated combine for turf that steers itself while an operator monitors and performs quality control actions when needed. The harvesting process combines several automated control processes.
This specification covers particle size classifications and corresponding particle size distribution requirements for metal powder feedstock conforming to a classification.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Accurate defect quantification is crucial for ensuring the serviceability of aircraft engine parts. Traditional inspection methods, such as profile projectors and replicating compounds, suffer from inconsistencies, operator dependency, and ergonomic challenges. To address these limitations, the 4D InSpec® handheld 3D scanner was introduced as an advanced solution for defect measurement and analysis. This article evaluates the effectiveness of the 4D InSpec scanner through multiple statistical methods, including Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (Gage R&R), Isoplot®, Youden plots, and Bland–Altman plots. A new concept of Probability of accurate Measurement (PoaM)© was introduced to capture the accuracy of the defect quantification based on their size. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in measurement variability, with Gage R&R improving from 39.9% (profile projector) to 8.5% (3D scanner), thus meeting the AS13100 Aerospace Quality Standard. Additionally, the 4D InSpec
Aust, JonasDonskoy, Gene
This standard is for use by organizations that procure and integrate EEE Parts. These organizations may provide EEE Parts that are not integrated into assemblies (e.g., spares and/or repair EEE Parts). Examples of such organizations include, but are not limited to, the following: Original Equipment Manufacturers; contract assembly manufacturers; maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) organizations; and suppliers that provide EEE Parts or assemblies as part of a service. These requirements are intended to be applied (or flowed down as applicable) through the supply chain to all organizations that procure and integrate EEE Parts and/or systems, subsystems, or assemblies. The mitigation of Counterfeit EEE Parts in this standard is risk based. These mitigation steps will vary depending on the criticality of the application and desired performance and reliability of the equipment/hardware. The requirements of this document are used in conjunction with the organization’s higher-level
G-19 Counterfeit Electronic Parts Committee
Tool management remains a persistent challenge in manufacturing, where misplaced or poorly calibrated tools such as torque guns and screwdrivers cause downtime, quality defects, and compliance risks. The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming tool management from manual entries in spreadsheets and logs to real-time, data-driven solutions that enhance operational efficiency. With ongoing advancements in IoT architecture, a range of cost-effective tracking approaches is now available, including Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Wi-Fi, RFID, and LoRaWAN. This paper evaluates these technologies, comparing their trade-offs in accuracy, scalability, and cost for tool-management scenarios such as high-precision station tracking, zonal monitoring, and wide-area yard visibility. Unlike prior work that focuses on asset tracking in general, this study provides an ROI-driven, scenario-based comparison and offers recommendations for selecting appropriate technologies based on
Patel, Shravani Prashant
In today’s competitive landscape, industries are relying heavily on the use of warranty data analytics techniques to manage and improve warranty performance. Warranty analytics is important since it provides valuable insights into product quality and reliability. It must be noted here that by systematically looking into warranty claims and related information, industries can identify patterns and trends that indicate potential issues with the products. This analysis helps in early detection of defects, enabling timely corrective actions that improve product performance and customer satisfaction. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework that combines conventional methods with advanced machine learning techniques to provide a multifaceted perspective on warranty data. The methodology leverages historical warranty claims and product usage data to predict failure patterns & identify root causes. By integrating these diverse methods, the framework offers a more accurate and holistic
Quadri, Danishuddin S.F.Soma, Nagaraju
Imagine a user opening a technical manual, eager to troubleshoot an issue, only to find a mix of stark black-and-white illustrations alongside a few color images. This inconsistency not only detracts from the user experience but also complicates understanding. For technicians relying on these documents, grayscale graphics hinder quick interpretation of diagrams, extending diagnostics time and impacting overall productivity. Producing high-quality color graphics typically requires significant investment in time and resources, often necessitating a dedicated graphics team. Our innovative pipeline addresses this challenge by automating the colorization and classification of colored graphics. This approach delivers consistent, visually engaging content without the extensive investment in specialized teams, enhancing the visual appeal of materials and streamlining the diagnostic process for technicians. With clearer, more vibrant graphics, technicians can complete tasks more efficiently
Khalid, MaazAkarte, AnuragKale, AniketRajmane, GayatriNalawade, Komal
This study demonstrates the application of the T-Matrix, a Total Quality Management (TQM) tool to improve thermal comfort in automotive climate control systems. Focusing on the commonly reported customer issue of insufficient cabin cooling, particularly relevant in hot and congested Indian driving conditions, the research systematically investigates 36 failure modes identified across the product lifecycle, from early design through production and post-sale customer usage. Root causes are first categorized using an Ishikawa diagram and then mapped using the T-Matrix across three critical stages: problem creation, expected detection, and actual detection. This integrated approach reveals process blind spots where existing validation and inspection systems fail to catch known risks, particularly in rear-seat airflow performance and component variability from suppliers. By applying this TQM methodology, the study identifies targeted improvement actions such as improved thermal targets
Jaiswara, PrashantKulkarni, ShridharDeshmukh, GaneshNayakawadi, UttamJoshi, GauravShah, GeetJaybhay, Sambhaji
Heavy-duty vehicles emissions are a serious problem, and remote monitoring platforms are a key means of emission control for heavy-duty vehicles. However, the frequent occurrence of anomalies in the remote monitoring data has seriously limited the monitoring efficiency of the remote monitoring platform. Therefore, this paper takes 500 National VI heavy-duty vehicles as the research object, and proposes a whole-process data quality control system of “anomaly identification-dynamic correction-accuracy verification”. First, four types of anomaly patterns, namely, lost, invalid, outlier and mutation, are defined, and polynomial fitting, median filtering and contextual interpolation are adopted to realize differentiated correction. Second, a data accuracy validation framework based on correlation analysis was constructed. The results show that the accuracy of key parameters is significantly improved after correction, and the data fitting degree R2 is greater than 0.97. The research results
Liu, YuZhang, ChengZhang, HaoYu, HanzhengnanLi, JingyuanAn, XiaopanMa, KunqiLiang, YongkaiXu, Hang
Target tracking is an important component of intelligent vehicle perception systems, which has outstanding significance for the safety and efficiency of intelligent vehicle driving. With the continuous improvement of technologies such as computer vision and deep learning, detection based tracking has gradually become the mainstream target tracking framework in the field of intelligent vehicles, and target detection performance is the key factor determining its tracking performance. Although remarkable progress has been made in current 3D object detection networks, a single network still struggles to provide stable detection for distant and occluded targets. Besides, traditional tracking methods are based on single-stage association matching, which can easily lead to identity jumps and target loss in case of missed detections, resulting in poor overall stability of the tracking algorithm. To solve the above problem, a hierarchical association matching method using a dual object
Wu, ShaobinChu, YunfengLi, YixuanSu, ShengjieLiu, ZhaofengLi, XiaoanSi, Lingrui
The United States Marine Corps enlists the JCB 4CX backhoe loader as its latest recruit. JCB recently announced that it has secured a contract to provide 4CX backhoe loaders to the United States Marine Corps. According to JCB, the agreement includes not only machines but also attachments testing and hands-on operator training. “The 4CX is the direct result of more than 70 years of continuous improvement,” said Chris Giorgianni, vice president of government and defense for JCB North America. “It's built to perform in the most demanding environments, whether that's military engineering missions or high-pressure construction jobsites.”
Wolfe, Matt
The effective reduction of particulate emissions from modern vehicles has shifted the focus toward emissions from tire wear, brake wear, road surface wear, and re-suspended particulate emissions. To meet future EU air quality standards and even stricter WHO targets for PM2.5, a reduction in non-exhaust particulate (NEP) emissions seems to be essential. For this reason, the EURO 7 emissions regulation contains limits for PM and PN emissions from brakes and tire abrasion. Graz University of Technology develops test methods, simulation tools and evaluates technologies for the reduction of brake wear particles and is involved in and leads several international research projects on this topic. The results are applied in emission models such as HBEFA (Handbook on Emission Factors). In this paper, we present our brake emission simulation approach, which calculates the power at the wheels and mechanical brakes, as well as corresponding rotational speeds for vehicles using longitudinal dynamics
Landl, LukasKetan, EnisHausberger, StefanDippold, Martin
Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) have emerged as air quality hazardous matters and significant sources of airborne microplastic pollution, contributing to environmental and human health concerns. Regulatory initiatives, such as the Euro 7 standards, emphasize the urgent need for standardized methodologies to quantify TRWP emissions accurately. Despite advancements in measuring tire abrasion rates, critical gaps persist in the characterization of airborne TRWP, particularly regarding the influence of collection system design and influencing parameters on measurement accuracy and repeatability. This study addresses these challenges by designing a controlled methodological framework that aims to minimize the influencing effects and ensure comparability in TRWP emission quantification results. At the German Aerospace Center (DLR) dynamometer testbench in Stuttgart, Germany, a methodical framework was established to ensure the repeatability and comparability of TRWP measurements
Celenlioglu, Melis SerenEpple, FabiusReijrink, NinaLöber, ManuelReiland, SvenVecchi, RobertaPhilipps, Franz
The continuous improvement of validation methodologies for mobility industry components is essential to ensure vehicle quality, safety, and performance. In the context of mechanical suspensions, leaf springs play a crucial role in vehicle dynamics, comfort, and durability. Material validation is based on steel production data, complemented by laboratory analyses such as tensile testing, hardness measurements, metallography, and residual stress analysis, ensuring that mechanical properties meet fatigue resistance requirements and expected durability. For performance evaluation, fatigue tests are conducted under vertical loads, with the possibility of including "windup" simulations when necessary. To enhance correlation accuracy, original suspension components are used during testing, allowing for a more precise validation of the entire system. Additionally, dynamic stiffness measurements provide valuable input for vehicle dynamics and suspension geometry analysis software, aiding in
Zahn, André N.Graebin, MatheusMalacarne, RodrigoToniolo, Juliano C.
This specification controls surface condition, manufacturing defects and inspection requirements, and defines methods of measurement for elastomeric toroidal sealing rings (O-rings) for static (including gasket) applications.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
Non-exhaust particle emissions, particularly those generated by brake wear, are a significant source of fine particulate matter in urban environments. These emissions contribute to air pollution and pose serious health risks, particularly in densely populated areas. While vehicle exhaust emissions have been extensively studied and regulated, the contribution of non-exhaust sources, including brake wear, remains a critical factor in air quality management. This paper presents a novel methodology for fast-running, time-resolved simulation of non-exhaust particle emissions, specifically those from brake wear abrasion. A 3D CFD model computes the turbulent flow field around the disc brake. The resulting information on the convective air cooling is applied as boundary conditions on a 3D thermal model. This thermal simulation setup is compared and verified with experimental data from literature. The 3D numerical models produce data and boundary conditions for an efficient 1D numerical
Herkenrath, FerrisLückerath, MoritzGünther, MarcoPischinger, Stefan
This specification covers grease for use on aircraft wheel bearings. It also defines the quality control requirements to assure batch conformance and materials traceability and the procedures to manage and communicate changes in the grease formulation and brand. This specification invokes the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process. Requests for submittal information may be made to the PRI at the address in 2.2, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a qualified products list (QPL) managed by the PRI. Additional tests and evaluations may be required by individual equipment builders before a grease is approved for use in their equipment. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific grease in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications is the responsibility of the individual equipment builder and/or governmental authorities and is not implied by compliance with or qualification to this
AMS M Aerospace Greases Committee
This specification covers a leaded bronze in the form of sand and centrifugal castings (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum bronze alloy in the form of centrifugal and chill castings (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The steering system is one of the most important assemblies for the vehicle. It allows the vehicle to steer according to the driver’s intention. For an ideal steering system, the steering angle for the wheel on the left and right side should obey the Ackman equation. To achieve this goal, the optimization method is usually initiated to determine the coordinates of the hard points for the steering system. However, the location of hard points varies due to the manufacturing error of the components and wear caused by friction during their working life. To decrease the influence of geometry parameter error, and system mass, and improve the robust performance of the steering system, the optimization based on Six Sigma and Monte Carlo approach is used to optimize the steering system for an off-road vehicle. At last, the effect is proved by the comparison of other methods. The maximum error of the steering angle is decreased from 7.78° to 2.14°, while the mass of the steering system is
Peng, DengzhiDeng, ChaoZhou, BingbingZhang, Zhenhua
Repartly, a startup based in Guetersloh, Germany, is using ABB’s collaborative robots to repair and refurbish electronic circuit boards in household appliances. Three GoFa cobots handle the sorting, visual inspection and precise soldering tasks enabling the company to enhance efficiency and maintain high quality standards.
The utilization of Inconel 718 is increasing daily in stringent operating conditions such as aircraft engine parts, space vehicles, chemical tanks, and the like due to its physical properties such as maintaining strength and corrosion resistance at higher temperature conditions. Besides, Inconel 718 is one of the difficult materials for machining because of maintaining its strength at elevated temperature, which generates higher cutting force leading to observed multiple tool wear mechanisms that affect the surface quality; lower thermal conductivity of materials produces high temperature generation that impacts the tool performance by reducing tool life. In addition, the presence of carbides and high hardness of IN 718 affects the machining performance. Therefore, in this view, this article describes the effect of cutting environments and machining parameters on the machining of Inconel 718 and optimizes the cutting conditions for sustainable machining. Three input parameters namely
Mane, Pravin AshokDhawale, Pravin A.Nipanikar, SureshKhadtare, Avinash N.
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