Browse Topic: Quality standards
ABSTRACT Leveraging an open standard may still not achieve the desired interoperability between systems. Addressing “lessons learned” from past implementations of open standards for various Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition programs is critical for future success. This paper discusses past issues which range from insufficient technical detail, when and how to apply a given specification, verification of an implementation’s compliance, to inconsistent and imprecise contractual language. This paper illustrates how the Vehicular Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability (VICTORY) initiative addresses these challenges to enable interoperability on Army ground vehicles, as well as facilitate rapid technology insertion and incorporation of new capabilities. VICTORY represents a leap ahead in solving interoperability challenges and defining open standards
ABSTRACT Silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices offer several advantages to power converter design when compared with silicon (Si). An increase in power density can be achieved with SiC thanks to the reduced conduction and switching losses and to the ability to withstand higher temperatures [1]. The main system level benefits of using SiC devices on mobile hybrid power systems include large reductions in the size, weight, and cooling of the power conditioning. In this paper, the authors describe the Wide-bandgap-enabled Advanced Versatile Energy System (WAVES) with a focus on the design and testing of a SiC prototype of a WAVES power inverter. The prototype is a 10 kW three-phase AC/DC inverter that is air-cooled, IP-67 rated, bi-directional, operates down to a power factor of 0.4, and designed to have overload capability up to 350% for up to 250µs of nominal rating. Because the inverter is bidirectional, it may be used as an AC input to DC output battery charger or as a DC input
In recent years, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have experienced significant sales growth, marked by advancements in features and market delivery. This evolution intersects with innovative software-defined vehicles, which have transformed automotive supply chains, introducing new BEV brands from both emerging and mature markets. The critical role of software in software-defined battery electric vehicles (SD-BEVs) is pivotal for enhancing user experience and ensuring adherence to rigorous safety, performance, and quality standards. Effective governance and management are crucial, as failures can mar corporate reputations and jeopardize safety-critical systems like advanced driver assistance systems. Product Governance and Management for Software-defined Battery Electric Vehicles addresses the complexities of SD-BEV product governance and management to facilitate safer vehicle deployments. By exploring these challenges, it aims to enhance internal processes and foster cross
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the requirements for the types of glass to be utilized in the fabrication of cover glasses and lighting wedges used in aerospace instruments. It defines the maximum extent of physical defects and recommends standard methods of inspection and evaluation. Definitions of terminology used in this document are covered in 2.2
A sensing technology that can assess the quality of components in fields such as aerospace could transform UK industry. University of Bristol, Bristol, UK In a study, published in the Journal Waves in Random and Complex Media, researchers from the University of Bristol have derived a formula that can inform the design boundaries for a given component's geometry and material microstructure. A commercially viable sensing technology and associated imaging algorithm to assess the quality of such components currently does not exist. If the additive manufacturing (3D printing) of metallic components could satisfy the safety and quality standards in industries there could be significant commercial advantages in the manufacturing sector
The aviation, space, and defense industries rely on the development and manufacture of complex products comprised of multiple systems, subsystems, and components each designed by individual designers (design activities) at various levels within the supply chain. Each design or manufacturing activity controls various aspects of the configuration and specifications related to the product. When a change to design or process is requested or required, the change is typically required to be evaluated against the impacts to the entire system. Proposed changes to design data/information that the design activity identifies to be minor and have no effect on the product requirements or specifications, have the potential to be implemented and approved, where authorized to do so, but requires notification. Changes that affect customer mandated requirements or specifications shall be approved prior to implementation. In many cases, the design activity is not conducted by the DAH or design authority
The Auto industry has relied upon traditional testing methodologies for product development and Quality testing since its inception. As technology changed, it brought a shift in customer demand for better vehicles with the highest quality standards. With the advent of EVs, OEMs are looking to reduce the going-to-market time for their products to win the EV race. Traditional testing methodologies have relied upon data received from various stakeholders and based on the same tests are planned. The data used is highly subjective and lacks variety. OEMs across the world are betting big on telematics solutions by pushing more and more vehicles with telematics devices as standard fitment. The data from such vehicles which gets generated in high levels of volume, variety and velocity can aid in the new age of vehicle testing. This live data cannot be simply simulated in test environments. The device generates hundreds of signals, frequently in a fraction of seconds. Multiple such signals can
This document defines the minimum degree of purity and maximum levels of certain deleterious impurities allowable for aviator's breathing oxygen at the point of manufacture or generation. It covers gaseous, liquid, and chemically generated oxygen, and oxygen supplied by in situ concentration and in situ electrolysis. Different limits are established for oxygen from different sources, in recognition of differences in the ways the oxygen is stored, dispensed, and utilized, taking into account the safety of the user. These limits are not intended to specifically reflect upon the relative capabilities or merits of various technologies. Procurement documents may specify more stringent limits, where required for specific applications. Medical oxygen is not covered by this standard. In the United States, medical oxygen is a prescription drug and complies with the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). In Europe, medical oxygen specification compiles with the European Pharmacopoeia monograph (Ph
This standard establishes the requirements for performing and documenting FAI. It is emphasized the requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) standardizes practices to identify reliable sources to procure electrical, electronic, and electromechanical (EEE) parts, assess and mitigate the risk of distributing suspect counterfeit or counterfeit EEE parts, control suspect counterfeit or counterfeit EEE parts, and report incidents of suspect counterfeit and counterfeit EEE parts
The automotive industry is going through one of its greatest restructuring, the migration from internal combustion engines to electric powered / internet connected vehicles. Adapting to a new consumer who is increasingly demanding and selective may be one of the greatest challenges of this generation, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) have been struggling to keep offering a diversified variety of features to their customers while also maintaining its quality standards. The vehicles leave the factory with an embedded SIM Card and a telematics module, which is an electronic unit to enable communication between the car, data center. Connected vehicles generate tens of gigabytes of data per hour that have the potential to be transformed into valuable information for companies, especially regarding the behavior and desires of drivers. One of the techniques used to gather quality feedback from the customers is the NPS it consists of open questions focused on top-of-mind feedback. Here
This standard defines requirements for the preparation and execution of the audit process. In addition, it defines the content and composition for the audit reporting of conformity and process effectiveness to the 9100-series standards, the organization's QMS documentation, and customer and statutory/regulatory requirements. The requirements in this standard are additions or represent changes to the requirements and guidelines in the standards for conformity assessment, auditing, and certification as published by ISO/IEC (i.e., ISO/IEC 17000, ISO/IEC 17021-1). When there is conflict with these standards, the requirements of the 9101 standard shall take precedence
This specification establishes acceptance criteria for discontinuities revealed by magnetic particle inspection of parts made from wrought, ferromagnetic materials
This specification covers a zinc alloy in the form of die castings
This specification covers a nickel-copper alloy in the form of castings
This specification covers a nickel-copper alloy in the form of castings
Heavy-duty truck vehicles are generally equipped with leaf spring suspensions. Conventionally, beam elements are used in multibody software to build the leaf spring model to calculate virtual loads. Beam elements require a high computation time due to their numerous degrees of freedoms and force components introduced by beam connections, interleaf contacts, friction, etc. Again, in these simulations, solvers frequently fail in durability loads analysis due to sudden spike in accelerations and high suspension articulation coming from severe road profiles. These drawbacks lead to the use of simplified three-link mechanism models to simulate the leaf spring’s behavior, which is computationally faster. However, the current approach is less accurate as compared to the beam element model because this model has only a torsional spring which accounts for vehicle bounce condition. In reality, the leaf spring suspension system is also subjected to cornering and braking while running on road
This standard includes selected quality system requirements from ISO 9001:2008[1] and AS9100:2009 applicable to noncomplex products and associated manufacturing processes. ISO 9001 text incorporated into this standard appears in standard font; while aviation, space, and defense industry additional requirements, definitions, and notes are presented in bold, italic text. The requirements of this standard are intended to be applied in whole, without any exclusions. Compliance with all corresponding AS9100 requirements is considered to meet/exceed compliance with the requirements of this standard. The requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to contractual and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the latter shall take precedence. The process approach described in ISO 9001 and AS9100 applies to this standard
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test benches are indispensable for the development of modern vehicle dynamics controllers (VDCs). They can be regarded as a standard methodology today, because of the extremely safety critical nature of the multi-sensor and multi-actuator systems used in vehicle dynamics control. The required high quality standards can only be ensured by systematic testing within a virtual HIL environment before going into a real car. The steering system is an important aspect of the automobile from operational safety and driver enjoyment perspectives. Current Problem/Opportunity is realistic subjective steering feel prediction before vehicle build. And upfront predict the handling characteristics more accurately with subjective feel before proto build. Current Issue is difficult to convert the objective data into subjective feel and difficult to incorporate the nonlinear steering characteristics with hysterics, friction and power assist curves using virtual simulation
This document is limited to the aerospace industry, where an approved manufacturer requests a supplier to ship an article against the approved manufacturer’s quality system directly to a customer. The direct ship process is not required or applicable to standard parts or military parts. In this process, the approved manufacturer is responsible for assurance that the article conforms to type design information
This paper presents a method for assessing hands-free phone calls quality in an actual car infotainment system using Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulations. Hands-free is a Bluetooth profile that allows the communication between the owner’s phone and its car Bluetooth system which is a common feature in modern cars. This work aims to give a quantitative evaluation of the hands-free feature performance when receiving a phone call according to accepted quality standards in the industry. To do this, several HiL tests were made simulating an incoming call situation where the driver has a smartphone paired via Bluetooth with the vehicle infotainment system. After call acceptance, a 1 kHz tone is sent from the calling phone to the driver’s phone and the output of interest is the electrical signal sent to the vehicle’s speakers representing the audio information. This signal is acquired by a Real Time System (RTS) that analyzes the similarities of the original sent signal with the received
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of permanent mold castings
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of permanent mold castings
Human health and the environment are heavily impacted by air pollution. Air quality standards for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) are commonly exceeded in Europe, particularly in urban areas with high density of traffic. Road transport contributed to 39% of NOx emissions, and 11% of PM emissions in the European Union (EU) in 2017. Measurements with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) showed that most Euro 5 and Euro 6b diesel vehicles emitted significantly more NOx on the road than their permissible limit in the laboratory type-approval test. In that context, EU Real Driving Emissions (EU-RDE) regulation aims at securing low on-road emissions of light duty vehicles under normal conditions of use. This paper assesses the tailpipe emissions performance of Euro 6d-TEMP gasoline and diesel passenger cars, type-approved after the entry into force of the RDE regulation in September 2017. Vehicles were tested by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the in-house
This specification controls surface condition, manufacturing defects and inspection requirements, and defines methods of measurement for elastomeric toroidal sealing rings (O-rings) for static (including gasket) applications
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