Browse Topic: Quality standards

Items (946)
ABSTRACT Silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices offer several advantages to power converter design when compared with silicon (Si). An increase in power density can be achieved with SiC thanks to the reduced conduction and switching losses and to the ability to withstand higher temperatures [1]. The main system level benefits of using SiC devices on mobile hybrid power systems include large reductions in the size, weight, and cooling of the power conditioning. In this paper, the authors describe the Wide-bandgap-enabled Advanced Versatile Energy System (WAVES) with a focus on the design and testing of a SiC prototype of a WAVES power inverter. The prototype is a 10 kW three-phase AC/DC inverter that is air-cooled, IP-67 rated, bi-directional, operates down to a power factor of 0.4, and designed to have overload capability up to 350% for up to 250µs of nominal rating. Because the inverter is bidirectional, it may be used as an AC input to DC output battery charger or as a DC input
Lentijo, SantiagoStone, PhilipPorter, JoePeterson, Chris
ABSTRACT Leveraging an open standard may still not achieve the desired interoperability between systems. Addressing “lessons learned” from past implementations of open standards for various Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition programs is critical for future success. This paper discusses past issues which range from insufficient technical detail, when and how to apply a given specification, verification of an implementation’s compliance, to inconsistent and imprecise contractual language. This paper illustrates how the Vehicular Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability (VICTORY) initiative addresses these challenges to enable interoperability on Army ground vehicles, as well as facilitate rapid technology insertion and incorporation of new capabilities. VICTORY represents a leap ahead in solving interoperability challenges and defining open standards
Dirner, JasonMelber, AdamPankowski, John A.
ABSTRACT This paper will describe layers of open standards, demonstrate the problems of standard top-down requirements flow-down and derivation, and show how the standard Analysis-of-Alternatives, as used at highest levels of Department of Defense acquisition, is appropriate for use at lower levels. Examples of how to (and not to) use open-standards in systems engineering specifications for best commonality and competition will be provided, intended for use as templates in specifications
Jedynak, David
In recent years, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have experienced significant sales growth, marked by advancements in features and market delivery. This evolution intersects with innovative software-defined vehicles, which have transformed automotive supply chains, introducing new BEV brands from both emerging and mature markets. The critical role of software in software-defined battery electric vehicles (SD-BEVs) is pivotal for enhancing user experience and ensuring adherence to rigorous safety, performance, and quality standards. Effective governance and management are crucial, as failures can mar corporate reputations and jeopardize safety-critical systems like advanced driver assistance systems. Product Governance and Management for Software-defined Battery Electric Vehicles addresses the complexities of SD-BEV product governance and management to facilitate safer vehicle deployments. By exploring these challenges, it aims to enhance internal processes and foster cross
Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the requirements for the types of glass to be utilized in the fabrication of cover glasses and lighting wedges used in aerospace instruments. It defines the maximum extent of physical defects and recommends standard methods of inspection and evaluation. Definitions of terminology used in this document are covered in 2.2
A-20A Crew Station Lighting
A sensing technology that can assess the quality of components in fields such as aerospace could transform UK industry. University of Bristol, Bristol, UK In a study, published in the Journal Waves in Random and Complex Media, researchers from the University of Bristol have derived a formula that can inform the design boundaries for a given component's geometry and material microstructure. A commercially viable sensing technology and associated imaging algorithm to assess the quality of such components currently does not exist. If the additive manufacturing (3D printing) of metallic components could satisfy the safety and quality standards in industries there could be significant commercial advantages in the manufacturing sector
The aviation, space, and defense industries rely on the development and manufacture of complex products comprised of multiple systems, subsystems, and components each designed by individual designers (design activities) at various levels within the supply chain. Each design or manufacturing activity controls various aspects of the configuration and specifications related to the product. When a change to design or process is requested or required, the change is typically required to be evaluated against the impacts to the entire system. Proposed changes to design data/information that the design activity identifies to be minor and have no effect on the product requirements or specifications, have the potential to be implemented and approved, where authorized to do so, but requires notification. Changes that affect customer mandated requirements or specifications shall be approved prior to implementation. In many cases, the design activity is not conducted by the DAH or design authority
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
Multiple areas in the U.S. continue to struggle with achieving National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone. These continued issues highlight the need for further reductions in NOX emission standards in multiple industry sectors, with heavy-duty on-highway engines being one of the most important areas to be addressed. Starting in 2014, CARB initiated a series of technical demonstration programs aimed at examining the feasibility of achieving up to a 90% reduction in tailpipe NOX, while at the same time maintaining a path towards GHG reductions that will be required as part of the Heavy-Duty Phase 2 GHG program. These programs culminated in the Stage 3 Low NOX program, which demonstrated low NOX emissions while maintaining GHG emissions at levels comparable to the baseline engine. Building on that prior program effort, EPA continued to support further Low NOX demonstration efforts in support of the development of new Federal Emissions Standards for heavy-duty highway vehicles and
Sharp, ChristopherNeely, GaryZavala, BryanRao, SandeshMcDonald, JosephSanchez, James L.
The Auto industry has relied upon traditional testing methodologies for product development and Quality testing since its inception. As technology changed, it brought a shift in customer demand for better vehicles with the highest quality standards. With the advent of EVs, OEMs are looking to reduce the going-to-market time for their products to win the EV race. Traditional testing methodologies have relied upon data received from various stakeholders and based on the same tests are planned. The data used is highly subjective and lacks variety. OEMs across the world are betting big on telematics solutions by pushing more and more vehicles with telematics devices as standard fitment. The data from such vehicles which gets generated in high levels of volume, variety and velocity can aid in the new age of vehicle testing. This live data cannot be simply simulated in test environments. The device generates hundreds of signals, frequently in a fraction of seconds. Multiple such signals can
Sahoo, PriyabrataSingh, SaurabhPrasad, Kakaraparti Agam
This document defines the minimum degree of purity and maximum levels of certain deleterious impurities allowable for aviator's breathing oxygen at the point of manufacture or generation. It covers gaseous, liquid, and chemically generated oxygen, and oxygen supplied by in situ concentration and in situ electrolysis. Different limits are established for oxygen from different sources, in recognition of differences in the ways the oxygen is stored, dispensed, and utilized, taking into account the safety of the user. These limits are not intended to specifically reflect upon the relative capabilities or merits of various technologies. Procurement documents may specify more stringent limits, where required for specific applications. Medical oxygen is not covered by this standard. In the United States, medical oxygen is a prescription drug and complies with the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). In Europe, medical oxygen specification compiles with the European Pharmacopoeia monograph (Ph
A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee
This standard establishes the requirements for performing and documenting FAI. It is emphasized the requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis have made it possible to conduct elemental analysis on a variety of fields, including those with environmental, automotive, geological, chemical, pharmaceutical, archaeology, and biological origins. The ability of EDXRF to deliver quick, non-destructive, and multi-elemental analytical findings with increased sensitivity is of great importance. It is a vital tool for quality control and quality assurance applications. Thus, EDXRF plays an important role to compare batch-to-batch products for meeting quality standards. This paper presents application of EDXRF as an effective tool for quick qualitative and quantitative evaluation of given samples. A few simple case studies demonstrating application of EDXRF are presented, which includes identification of the filler contained in the polymer, coating thickness, elemental composition of the particulate matter collected on filter paper, multi-element analysis of printed circuit boards (PCB
Patil, YaminiBawase, MoqtikThipse, Sukrut S
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) standardizes practices to identify reliable sources to procure electrical, electronic, and electromechanical (EEE) parts, assess and mitigate the risk of distributing suspect counterfeit or counterfeit EEE parts, control suspect counterfeit or counterfeit EEE parts, and report incidents of suspect counterfeit and counterfeit EEE parts
G-19 Counterfeit Electronic Parts Committee
Formula (1) vehicles have transitioned from E5 to E10 fuel for the 2022 season to reduce carbon emissions and by 2026 the vehicles are required to use 100% sustainable fuels. The aim of this paper is to identify the operating envelope of the F1 power unit for E10-E100 fuel and the resulting emission levels for these fuel compositions using numerical simulations. To achieve this aim an F1 engine model has been developed in GT-Suite with reference to the FIA 2022 Technical Regulations. The combustion model has been validated using data obtained from literature relating to laminar and turbulent flame speed, friction and heat transfer characteristics within the combustion chamber. One of the main challenges of using ethanol-based fuels is the increased levels of formaldehyde in the tailpipe. This paper presents the operating window for achieving the optimum engine performance with ethanol fuel blends ranging from the current E10 to E100, in keeping with the current 2022 FIA F1 regulations
Reeves, NickSamuel, Stephen
The automotive industry is going through one of its greatest restructuring, the migration from internal combustion engines to electric powered / internet connected vehicles. Adapting to a new consumer who is increasingly demanding and selective may be one of the greatest challenges of this generation, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) have been struggling to keep offering a diversified variety of features to their customers while also maintaining its quality standards. The vehicles leave the factory with an embedded SIM Card and a telematics module, which is an electronic unit to enable communication between the car, data center. Connected vehicles generate tens of gigabytes of data per hour that have the potential to be transformed into valuable information for companies, especially regarding the behavior and desires of drivers. One of the techniques used to gather quality feedback from the customers is the NPS it consists of open questions focused on top-of-mind feedback. Here
Torres Fernandes Veiga, Daniel Thadeude Miranda Junior, Airton WagnerNascimento Silva, LuanaSena Cavalcante, Mairondos Santos, Maria da Conceição
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides a harmonized process and documentation requirements for the establishment of CoCs used to attest the conformity of aviation, space, and defense products (e.g., assemblies, sub-assemblies, equipment and systems, parts, material, software) or services. It includes a CoC template and supporting instructions on how to complete it. When quoted by the customer in a contractual requirement, application of this document is mandatory. In other cases, its use is recommended, but if there is a conflict between the requirements of this standard and customer or applicable statutory/regulatory requirements, the latter shall take precedence. Requirements for the establishment of Authorized Release Certificates (ARCs)—e.g., European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Form 1, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 8130-3 tag, Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) Form 038—by an external provider holding a production approval (for new aviation products
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
This standard defines requirements for the preparation and execution of the audit process. In addition, it defines the content and composition for the audit reporting of conformity and process effectiveness to the 9100-series standards, the organization's QMS documentation, and customer and statutory/regulatory requirements. The requirements in this standard are additions or represent changes to the requirements and guidelines in the standards for conformity assessment, auditing, and certification as published by ISO/IEC (i.e., ISO/IEC 17000, ISO/IEC 17021-1). When there is conflict with these standards, the requirements of the 9101 standard shall take precedence
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
This specification establishes acceptance criteria for discontinuities revealed by magnetic particle inspection of parts made from wrought, ferromagnetic materials
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This standard defines FOD Prevention Program requirements for organizations that design, develop, and provide aviation, space, and defense products and services; and by organizations providing post-delivery support, including the provision of maintenance, spare parts, or materials for their own products and services. It is emphasized that the requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to customer, and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the latter shall take precedence
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
This standard is primarily intended to apply to new parts and products intended to be produced in an on-going production phase, but can also be applied to parts currently in production (e.g., manufacturing, maintenance). The standard is applicable to all production processes that influence the variation of KCs, as well as maintenance and service processes in which KCs are identified. It applies to organizations for assemblies and all levels of parts within an assembly, down to the basic materials including castings and forgings, and to organizations that are responsible for producing the design characteristics of the product. The variation control process begins with product definition, typically stated in the design documentation (e.g., digital model, engineering drawing, specification) which identifies KCs, and leads to a variation management process for those KCs. This process may also be used for producer-identified KCs (e.g., process KCs, additional/substitute product KCs
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
This specification covers a zinc alloy in the form of die castings
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a nickel-copper alloy in the form of castings
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a nickel-copper alloy in the form of castings
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This standard defines uniform quality and technical requirements relative to metallic parts marking performed using "data matrix symbology" within the aviation, space, and defense industry. ISO/IEC 16022 specifies general requirements (e.g., data character encodation, error correction rules, decoding algorithm). In addition to ISO/IEC 16022 specification, part identification with such symbology is subject to the requirements in this standard to ensure electronic reading of the symbol. The marking processes covered by this standard are as follows: Dot Peening Laser Electro-Chemical Etching Further marking processes will be included, if required. Unless specified otherwise in the contractual business relationship, the company responsible for the design of the part shall determine the location of the data matrix marking. Symbol position should allow optimum illumination from all sides for readability. This standard does not specify information to be encoded
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
Heavy-duty truck vehicles are generally equipped with leaf spring suspensions. Conventionally, beam elements are used in multibody software to build the leaf spring model to calculate virtual loads. Beam elements require a high computation time due to their numerous degrees of freedoms and force components introduced by beam connections, interleaf contacts, friction, etc. Again, in these simulations, solvers frequently fail in durability loads analysis due to sudden spike in accelerations and high suspension articulation coming from severe road profiles. These drawbacks lead to the use of simplified three-link mechanism models to simulate the leaf spring’s behavior, which is computationally faster. However, the current approach is less accurate as compared to the beam element model because this model has only a torsional spring which accounts for vehicle bounce condition. In reality, the leaf spring suspension system is also subjected to cornering and braking while running on road
Dixit, NavnitPardeshi, RavasahebVenkatesan, Dhanasekar
This standard includes selected quality system requirements from ISO 9001:2008[1] and AS9100:2009 applicable to noncomplex products and associated manufacturing processes. ISO 9001 text incorporated into this standard appears in standard font; while aviation, space, and defense industry additional requirements, definitions, and notes are presented in bold, italic text. The requirements of this standard are intended to be applied in whole, without any exclusions. Compliance with all corresponding AS9100 requirements is considered to meet/exceed compliance with the requirements of this standard. The requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to contractual and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the latter shall take precedence. The process approach described in ISO 9001 and AS9100 applies to this standard
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
This standard is applicable to AQMS COs listed in the Online Aerospace Supplier Information System (OASIS) database. This standard is intended for the management and resolution of AQMS CO’s major QMS nonconformities. This standard is not intended to address QMS nonconformities classified as minor or nonconformities related to the products or services provided by the CO
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test benches are indispensable for the development of modern vehicle dynamics controllers (VDCs). They can be regarded as a standard methodology today, because of the extremely safety critical nature of the multi-sensor and multi-actuator systems used in vehicle dynamics control. The required high quality standards can only be ensured by systematic testing within a virtual HIL environment before going into a real car. The steering system is an important aspect of the automobile from operational safety and driver enjoyment perspectives. Current Problem/Opportunity is realistic subjective steering feel prediction before vehicle build. And upfront predict the handling characteristics more accurately with subjective feel before proto build. Current Issue is difficult to convert the objective data into subjective feel and difficult to incorporate the nonlinear steering characteristics with hysterics, friction and power assist curves using virtual simulation
Anthonysamy, BaskarTK, SreerajTK, SreedeepN, BALARAMAKRISHNANAGARAJAN, NAGAPRAKASH
This document is limited to the aerospace industry, where an approved manufacturer requests a supplier to ship an article against the approved manufacturer’s quality system directly to a customer. The direct ship process is not required or applicable to standard parts or military parts. In this process, the approved manufacturer is responsible for assurance that the article conforms to type design information
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
This standard is applicable to all items used for manufacturing, maintenance, and repair of aviation, space, and defense products from the raw material to the final product (e.g., aircraft, structural items, constituent assemblies, standard parts, consumables with conformity and/or safety impact). This standard considers items dispositioned as scrap in accordance with 9100-series standards’ supporting nonconformity management, corrective action, or organization decisions (e.g., obsolescence, inventory management, missing traceability documentation). The requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to contractual and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the applicable statutory or regulatory requirements take precedence. This standard defines requirements and actions to be taken after the disposition decision to control the
G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (AAQSC)
This paper presents a method for assessing hands-free phone calls quality in an actual car infotainment system using Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulations. Hands-free is a Bluetooth profile that allows the communication between the owner’s phone and its car Bluetooth system which is a common feature in modern cars. This work aims to give a quantitative evaluation of the hands-free feature performance when receiving a phone call according to accepted quality standards in the industry. To do this, several HiL tests were made simulating an incoming call situation where the driver has a smartphone paired via Bluetooth with the vehicle infotainment system. After call acceptance, a 1 kHz tone is sent from the calling phone to the driver’s phone and the output of interest is the electrical signal sent to the vehicle’s speakers representing the audio information. This signal is acquired by a Real Time System (RTS) that analyzes the similarities of the original sent signal with the received
Lima, Estácio CerqueiraPinto, Ubiratan de MeloVieira, Rafael BarretoFerreira, FabrícioCosta, Roberto
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of permanent mold castings
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of permanent mold castings
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Human health and the environment are heavily impacted by air pollution. Air quality standards for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) are commonly exceeded in Europe, particularly in urban areas with high density of traffic. Road transport contributed to 39% of NOx emissions, and 11% of PM emissions in the European Union (EU) in 2017. Measurements with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) showed that most Euro 5 and Euro 6b diesel vehicles emitted significantly more NOx on the road than their permissible limit in the laboratory type-approval test. In that context, EU Real Driving Emissions (EU-RDE) regulation aims at securing low on-road emissions of light duty vehicles under normal conditions of use. This paper assesses the tailpipe emissions performance of Euro 6d-TEMP gasoline and diesel passenger cars, type-approved after the entry into force of the RDE regulation in September 2017. Vehicles were tested by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the in-house
Valverde Morales, VictorClairotte, MichaelPavlovic, JelicaGiechaskiel, BarouchBonnel, Pierre
This specification controls surface condition, manufacturing defects and inspection requirements, and defines methods of measurement for elastomeric toroidal sealing rings (O-rings) for static (including gasket) applications
A-6C2 Seals Committee
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