Browse Topic: Quality management systems

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ABSTRACT The Integrated Systems Engineering Framework (ISEF) is an Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command (RDECOM) solution to address stovepiped systems engineering(SE) information and processes, disparate tools united by custom, one-off integrations, and a lack of accepted, common standards that exists in today’s Department of Defense (DoD) operating environment. Ever increasing technical complexity of fielded solutions combined with budgetary constraints push DoD engineers to “do more with less,” requiring a technical management solution that allows them collaborate virtually yet effectively with distributed engineers and other stakeholders. Easy access to systems engineering tools and information through a single “cloud” based application allows connections between federated databases, and facilitates knowledge preservation over time to avoid “reinventing the wheel” when new programs replace retired ones. ISEF is an ever-expanding collection of systems engineering
Umpfenbach, EdwardMendonza, PradeepGraf, Lisa
ABSTRACT The integration of software into transportation systems is growing and requires the adoption of safety standards and software development systems. There are several different safety standards that could be applied based on the specific category of use. The basic methodologies used in these standards can be applied to any transportation system including Ground Based systems. This paper evaluates two different safety development standards and provides a high level comparison between a well-used standard for aviation and a more recent standard for automotive that can be applied to other transportations systems with no available standards
Crots, KevinSkentzos, PaulBartz, Dan
ABSTRACT Silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices offer several advantages to power converter design when compared with silicon (Si). An increase in power density can be achieved with SiC thanks to the reduced conduction and switching losses and to the ability to withstand higher temperatures [1]. The main system level benefits of using SiC devices on mobile hybrid power systems include large reductions in the size, weight, and cooling of the power conditioning. In this paper, the authors describe the Wide-bandgap-enabled Advanced Versatile Energy System (WAVES) with a focus on the design and testing of a SiC prototype of a WAVES power inverter. The prototype is a 10 kW three-phase AC/DC inverter that is air-cooled, IP-67 rated, bi-directional, operates down to a power factor of 0.4, and designed to have overload capability up to 350% for up to 250µs of nominal rating. Because the inverter is bidirectional, it may be used as an AC input to DC output battery charger or as a DC input
Lentijo, SantiagoStone, PhilipPorter, JoePeterson, Chris
ABSTRACT Of the tests of any good theory or suppositional work, the most critical is whether it can forecast the need or accurately describe the number, timing, event and impact of the endeavor. In order to reduce the risk and to exponentially increase the rate of success a continual reevaluation of the data and reconfiguration of the plan will be required, must be properly front-loaded with the appropriate human capital. This is precisely where the application of Six Sigma, Project Management and, Six Sigma for Human Capital works’ intimately with Risk Management to mitigate error and insure the ultimate success of the effort. This is critical in business, critical in the field for greater energy efficiency for soldiers. Unified in concert as core disciplines, the identification of human capital for specialists required at any particular point in the project especially in the definition and design phases, is determined with greater accuracy. Critically predictable and integrated into
Maholick, WilliamGodell, Carl J
ABSTRACT Leveraging an open standard may still not achieve the desired interoperability between systems. Addressing “lessons learned” from past implementations of open standards for various Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition programs is critical for future success. This paper discusses past issues which range from insufficient technical detail, when and how to apply a given specification, verification of an implementation’s compliance, to inconsistent and imprecise contractual language. This paper illustrates how the Vehicular Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability (VICTORY) initiative addresses these challenges to enable interoperability on Army ground vehicles, as well as facilitate rapid technology insertion and incorporation of new capabilities. VICTORY represents a leap ahead in solving interoperability challenges and defining open standards
Dirner, JasonMelber, AdamPankowski, John A.
ABSTRACT Reliability Physics simulations for electronic assemblies has matured to become best practice during specification and design. However, the potential advantages of these simulations to programs and integrators are more far reaching. This paper will explore how the simulations can be used for virtual qualification, reliability assurance, maintenance scheduling and obsolescence management. Citation: Ed Dodd, “Reliability Simulations for Electronic Assemblies: Virtual Qualification, Reliability Assurance, Maintenance Scheduling and Obsolescence Mitigation”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2019
Dodd, Ed
ABSTRACT This paper describes the results of work performed to assess the use of corrosion product for Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measurements. DIC was recently evaluated for its capability to measure contour, strain and deflection of metals using the corrosion product instead of a painted speckle pattern. The DIC system, consisting of two cameras with zoom lenses, was set up at an angle to the specimen, enabling both cameras to image multiple sides of a specimen simultaneously. This provides a more direct measurement of in-plane and out-of-plane deformation and strains. Aluminum and steel dogbones were placed in a salt spray chamber for up to 10 days. Contour measurements were then taken at various evaluation settings as an initial assessment of the use of the corrosion product for DIC measurements. Multiple tensile tests were then performed to assess the capability of using corrosion product for strain and deflection measurements while a material is under applied load. System
Sia, Bernard
ABSTRACT Given the complex nature of systems today, systems engineering’s primary focus is typically consumed with optimizing function and performance. This condition often causes producibility and cost to become an after-thought, leading to late, over budget production. Therefore an objective and relevant method is required to provide real-time feedback to system engineers relative to producibility and confidence that facilitates better systems design and programmatic decisions. This paper will discuss the use of producibility model metrics to score several key design elements for the creation of a single standardized producibility index (PI) to encourage engineers to improve their designs for producibility earlier in the development life-cycle. Additionally monitoring certain analysis activities to gauge the level of accuracy in the producibility model will provide metrics to create a single standardized producibility confidence index (PCI) that can be used to mitigate risk in
Hadley, James R.McCarthy, Daniel J.
ABSTRACT This paper will describe layers of open standards, demonstrate the problems of standard top-down requirements flow-down and derivation, and show how the standard Analysis-of-Alternatives, as used at highest levels of Department of Defense acquisition, is appropriate for use at lower levels. Examples of how to (and not to) use open-standards in systems engineering specifications for best commonality and competition will be provided, intended for use as templates in specifications
Jedynak, David
ABSTRACT Systems Engineering (SE) would always benefit from the inclusion of the Six-Sigma perspective in both the planning and execution of project systems. This applies to not only System Engineers but also to Systems Extended Team Members, all who must provide cumulated knowledge along with competency to the project. It is difficult to obtain a high level of competency among single members of the team to be highly successful. Strength in one area is very often an underlying factor of weakness in another area. Determining and integrating sigma characteristics from the development cycle into all remaining phases of the product project, especially at critical component interfaces, with a resultant sigma value given to those connections that develop a sigma-risk factor for each function and process pathway within the operational configuration. This sigma-risk factor concept is the key in uniting knowledge with experience
Maholick, WilliamGodell, Carl J
ABSTRACT The key to a better correlation between the interface of systems engineering and project management is in fact a strong sigma relationship. In the recent past this would be termed Value Engineering and was that activity that took place prior to cutting the tools, but it is considerably more common today with the computer systems and software suites in use for modeling and the emphasis on Design for Six Sigma and time to market. All of these tools and methodologies are placing the focus on the final product performance, quality and cost and in so doing helping to again strengthen the manufacturing posture and job outlook of America and re-shore much of the work that was outsourced to save money. Whether of Military or U.S. vehicle manufacturing requirements, for the safety of our programs this work can and should stay in the United States when appropriate. This paper will develop better tools solutions, to provide better risk decisions which improve safety, budget, predictions
Maholick, WilliamGodell, Carl J
ABSTRACT The increasing application of sensors, actuators, and complex algorithms for delivering artificial intelligence and connectivity in products and product-systems will drive an unprecedented growth in design complexity and software content, making it increasingly more difficult to ensure dependability in an economical manner. Much learning about the dependability of such new and innovative products is likely to happen as they are conceived and designed. Consequently, accelerated verification and validation iterations supported by easy and rapid storage and retrieval of failure knowledge must be enabled. No single software solutions provider effectively covers all three critical areas required for developing and delivering dependable smart connected products, namely, reliability engineering, systems engineering, and failure knowledge management. This paper mainly presents a potential map of the commonly used reliability engineering tools overlaid on the systems engineering
Agaram, Venkatesh
In recent years, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have experienced significant sales growth, marked by advancements in features and market delivery. This evolution intersects with innovative software-defined vehicles, which have transformed automotive supply chains, introducing new BEV brands from both emerging and mature markets. The critical role of software in software-defined battery electric vehicles (SD-BEVs) is pivotal for enhancing user experience and ensuring adherence to rigorous safety, performance, and quality standards. Effective governance and management are crucial, as failures can mar corporate reputations and jeopardize safety-critical systems like advanced driver assistance systems. Product Governance and Management for Software-defined Battery Electric Vehicles addresses the complexities of SD-BEV product governance and management to facilitate safer vehicle deployments. By exploring these challenges, it aims to enhance internal processes and foster cross
Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir
This document establishes an industry standard checklist for the auditing of the methods and procedures used in aircraft deicing and anti-icing on the ground to support conformance with the industry global standards, AS6285, AS6286 and AS6332. The checklist covers the use of SAE AMS1424 and SAE AMS1428 qualified fluids (Types I, II, III, and IV) and non-fluid methods
G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee
In order to reduce the pumping loss of low loads and maximize the lean combustion advantage of hydrogen, the paper proposes a load control strategy based on hydrogen mass, called quality control, for improving thermal efficiency and emissions at low loads. The advantages of quality control and the effect of VVT on the combustion performance of hydrogen internal combustion engines under low loads were discussed. The results show that when the relative air–fuel ratio (λ) increases to more than 2.5, the NOx emissions are reduced to less than 3.5 g/kW · h at the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) below 8 bar, especially when the BMEP is less than 5 bar, the NOx is within 0.2 g/kW · h. Compared to quantity control based on air mass, the quality control strategy based on hydrogen mass achieves over a 2.0% reduction in pumping loss at BMEP levels lower than 4.4 bar. Furthermore, it enhances thermal efficiency by up to 5% at low loads, while maintaining NOx emissions within 0.2 g/kW · h at
Li, YongChen, HongFu, ZhenDu, JiakunWu, Weilong
This specification covers metric aircraft quality spacers for use as positioners for tubes, flat washers for use as load spreaders, galling protection of adjacent surfaces and or material compatibility, and key or tab washers for use as locks for bolts, nuts, and screws
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
An industry-first 3D laser-based, computer-vision system can monitor and control the application of adhesive beads as tiny in width as two human hairs. This unique inspection system for electronic assemblies operates at speeds of 400 to 1,000 times per second, considerably quicker and more effective than conventional 2D systems. “Difficulty in precisely dispensing adhesives or sealants, especially in extremely small or complex electronic assemblies, can lead to over-application, under-application, bubbles, or incorrect location of the adhesive bead,” Juergen Dennig, president of Ann Arbor, Michigan-headquartered Coherix, told SAE Media. Improper application of joining material on electronic control units (ECUs) and power control units (PCUs) can result in poor adhesion, material voids and short circuits
Buchholz, Kami
Vehicle HVAC noise performance is an important vehicle design validation criterion since it significantly links the brand image of a vehicle. It affects the customer’s buying decision and the business of selling vehicles because it directly affects driving comfort. Customers expect continuous improvement in HVAC noise without compromising cooling performance. The process of cascading vehicle-level acoustic performance to subsystem and component levels becomes an important factor in the vehicle NVH development process. It was found that the component-level [HVAC unit without duct] performance of an HVAC system measured in an anechoic chamber was at par when compared to targets, whereas the subsystem-level performance [HVAC unit with duct and dashboard] was on the higher side of the targets. Advanced NVH tools were used to identify the source of noise at the subsystem level. It helped to locate the source and its transfer path. A design modification done at the transfer path location
Titave, Uttam VasantKalsule, ShrikantNaidu, Sudhakara
This standard defines the minimum requirements for conducting Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) for variable and attribute assessment on characteristics as defined on the drawing or specification. It does not define the detailed analytical methods for each type of study as these can be found in existing published texts (see Section 2 for guidance
G-22 Aerospace Engine Supplier Quality (AESQ) Committee
This document establishes age limit and guidance for acceptance of hose and hose assemblies containing elastomeric materials for use in aircraft, space vehicles, missiles and component assemblies thereof at time of delivery to the contractor, procuring activity, or contracting officer. This document does not establish limitations on storage times for military/civil activities nor operating life
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
To provide a method by which to assess the cleanliness of new hydraulic fluids. The method is applicable to new mineral and synthetic hydraulic fluids - regardless of packaging. This SAE Standard is not intended as a procedure for operating equipment
CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Designing a brake disc is a very challenging job. Besides to being a key item in vehicle safety, we are referring to a product that goes through several manufacturing processes and during its application it is exposed to extreme conditions of mechanical stress, temperature and vibration. The raw material for a large portion of commercial brake discs is normally gray cast iron with the possibility of adding alloy elements. This material is characterized by having high resistance to wear due to friction and having practically zero plasticity. As it is a material without a plastic working regime, it is very important to properly size the product for use, once the material’s resistance limit is reached, a catastrophic failure in operation may be inevitable. Quality control systems in casting and machining have great importance in the development of the disc, but physical tests are always essential in this type of product. Dynamometer tests are great options for validating brake discs, due
Deckmann, Jardel Luisdo Nascimento, Vagner
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the requirements for the types of glass to be utilized in the fabrication of cover glasses and lighting wedges used in aerospace instruments. It defines the maximum extent of physical defects and recommends standard methods of inspection and evaluation. Definitions of terminology used in this document are covered in 2.2
A-20A Crew Station Lighting
Military performance requirements for adhesives have been traditionally derived to fulfill niche defense needs in harsh operational environments with little consideration for dual-use commercial potential. U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD The term “military-grade” can have a variety of meanings that are perspective dependent. In 2014, Ford Motor Company emphasized the term heavily in advertising campaigns to garner consumer acceptance for the transition from steel to aluminum in the body of their flagship F150 model. As cited by Ford, “Engineers selected these high-strength, military-grade aluminum alloys because of the metals' unique ability to withstand tough customer demands.” From this point-of-view, military-grade implies superior performance. However, the bureaucratic and logistical barriers required for certification to military-grade acceptance levels per DoD performance requirements can also be perceived as impediments to innovation and the transition of fundamental
Due to manifold benefits compared to proprietary software solutions, free and open source software (FOSS) in general, and Linux especially becomes more and more relevant for embedded solutions in the automotive domain, especially in High Performance Computing Platforms (HPC). However, taking over liability and warranty for a FOSS-based problem raises the problem of software quality assurance, and thus risk control. In order to control and minimize the residual risk of a product or service, the traditional and well-accepted measure in the automotive domain is to assess the engineering processes and resulting work products via a process assessment model given by the ASPICE maturity model, as well as requirements from functional safety standards for safety related functions. The underlying process reference model of ASPICE covers software development performed and controlled by an organization. However, this situation is not given by and even contrary to the nature of FOSS development
Schlosser, JoachimKirchmaier, UlrichArmbruster, MichaelLindner, Wolfgang
EU legislation provides for only local CO2 emission-free vehicles to be allowed in individual passenger transport by 2035. In addition, the directive provides for fuels from renewable sources, i.e. defossilised fuels. This development leads to three possible energy sources or forms of energy for use in individual transport. The first possibility is charging with electricity generated from renewable sources, the second possibility is hydrogen generated from renewable sources or blue production path. The third possibility is the use of renewable fuels, also called e-fuels. These fuels are produced from atmospheric CO2 and renewable hydrogen. Possible processes for this are, for example, methanol or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The production of these fuels is very energy-intensive and large amounts of renewable electricity are needed. Thus, national production of these fuels in the EU is inefficient in terms of cost and carbon footprint due to the low utilisation rate of renewable energy
Stoll, TobiasKulzer, AndreBerner, Hans-Juergen
The use of aluminum to manufacture injection molds aims to maximize the productivity of plastic parts, as its alloys present higher heat conductivity than tool steel alloys. However, it is essential to accurately control the injection molding parameters to assure that the design tolerances are achieved in the final molded plastic part. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the use of aluminum alloys in high-volume production processes. It delves into the correlation between the type of material used for mold production (steel or aluminum) and the thickness of the injected part, and how these variables affect the efficiency of the process in terms of the quantity and quality of the produced parts. The findings suggest that replacing steel molds with aluminum alloys significantly reduces injection molding cycle time, the difference ranging from 57.1% to 72.5%. Additionally, the dimensional accuracy and less distortion provided by aluminum have improved product quality. In case of
Marconi, PedroAmarante, EvandroFerreira, CristianoBeal, ValterRibeiro Júnior, Armando
This specification establishes the design, performance, and test requirements for hydraulic quantity measuring fuses intended to be used for hydraulic circuit protection
A-6C5 Components Committee
This specification covers a carbon steel in the form of wire supplied as coils, spools, or cut lengths (see 8.2
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
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