Browse Topic: Supply chain management

Items (16,300)
The automotive industry is facing unprecedented pressure to reduce costs without compromising on quality and performance, particularly in the design and manufacturing. This paper provides a technical review of the multifaceted challenges involved in achieving cost efficiency while maintaining financial viability, functional integrity, and market competitiveness. Financial viability stands as a primary obstacle in cost reduction projects. The demand for innovative products needs to be balanced with the need for affordable materials while maintaining structural integrity. Suppliers’ cost structures, raw material fluctuations, and production volumes must be considered on the way to obtain optimal costs. Functional aspects lead to another layer of complexity, once changes in design or materials should not compromise safety, durability, or performance. Rigorous testing and simulation tools are indispensable to validate changes in the manufacturing process. Marketing considerations are also
Oliveira Neto, Raimundo ArraisSouza, Camila Gomes PeçanhaBrito, Luis Roberto BonfimGuimarães, Georges Louis Nogueira
Competitive companies constantly seek continuous increases in productivity, quality and services level. Lean Thinking (LT) is an efficient management model recognized in organizations and academia, with an effective management approach, well consolidated theoretically and empirically proven Within Industry 4.0 (I4.0) development concept, manufacturers are confident in the advantages of new technologies and system integration. The combination of Lean and I4.0 practices emerges from the existence of a positive interaction for the evolutionary step to achieve a higher operational performance level (exploitation of finances, workload, materials, machines/devices). In this scenario where Lean Thinking is an excellent starting point to implement such changes with a method and focus on results; that I4.0 offers powerful technologies to increase productivity and flexibility in production processes; but people need to be more considered in processes, in a context aligned with the Industry 5.0
Braggio, LuisMarinho, OsmarSoares, LuisLino, AlanRabelo, FábioMuniz, Jorge
Organizations need to maintain their processes at high levels of efficiency to be competitive, asset management and industrial maintenance are extremely important to obtain positive results in optimizing operating costs, saving energy resources, reduction of environmental impacts among other characteristics that are considered differential for organizations. In this scenario, methods are increasingly being sought to assist managers in decision-making processes that contain several alternatives and selection criteria involved. The AHP and TOPSIS methods have been widely associated with prioritization studies, cost evaluation, resource selection, suppliers, among others. Thus, the selection of equipment and industrial elements can be evaluated by means of multicriteria decision methods where the criteria considered important by specialists in the area are inserted into the model. The objective of this article was to present a selection process for spur gears based on stress analysis and
de Oliveira, Geraldo Cesar Rosariode Oliveira, Vania Aparecida RosarioSilva, Carlos Alexis AlvaradoGuidi, Erick SiqueiraSalomon, Valério Antonio PamplonaRosado, Victor Orlando Gamarrade Azevedo Silva, Fernando
Design validation plays a crucial role in the overall cost and time allocation for product development. This is especially evident in high-value manufacturing sectors like commercial vehicle electric drive systems or e-axles, where the expenses related to sample procurement, testing complexity, and diverse requirements are significant. Validation methodologies are continuously evolving to encompass new technologies, yet they must be rigorously evaluated to identify potential efficiencies and enhance the overall value of validation tests. Simulation tools have made substantial advancements and are now widely utilized in the development phase. The integration of simulation-based or simulation-supported validation processes can streamline testing timelines and sample quantities, all the while upholding quality standards and minimizing risks when compared to traditional methods. This study examines various scenarios where the implementation of advanced techniques has led to a reduction in
Leighton, MichaelTuschkan, AlwinPlayfoot , Ben
Modern vehicles are increasingly integrating electronic control units (ECUs), enhancing their intelligence but also amplifying potential security threats. Vehicle network security testing is crucial for ensuring the safety of passengers and vehicles. ECUs communicate via the in-vehicle network, adhering to the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus protocol. Due to its exposed interfaces, lack of data encryption, and absence of identity authentication, the CAN network is susceptible to exploitation by attackers. Fuzz testing is a critical technique for uncovering vulnerabilities in CAN network. However, existing fuzz testing methods primarily generate message randomly, lacking learning from the data, which results in numerous ineffective test cases, affecting the efficiency of fuzz testing. To improve the effectiveness and specificity of testing, understanding of the CAN message format is essential. However, the communication matrix of CAN messages is proprietary to the Original Equipment
Shen, LinXiu, JiapengZhang, ZhuopengYang, Zhengqiu
The computational efficiency of dynamic programming (DP) energy management strategies is enhanced through the discretization of state variables in this study. The upper and lower bounds of SOC (State of Charge) and the SOC variation at each moment are calculated using the maximum and minimum power of the range extender, which eliminates invalid state combinations and significantly reduces the size of the feasible state set. To investigate the impact of different sampling intervals on SOC during various phases, intervals at 1s, 2s, 4s, 5s, and 10s are set for both charge retention and consumption phases. It is revealed that in the consumption phase, different sampling intervals minimally affect SOC, with trajectories closely matching. However, in the charge retention phase, the impact of different sampling intervals on SOC is significant, resulting in considerable differences in SOC trajectories. Additionally, in the charging-discharging (CD) phase, fuel consumption significantly varies
Wei, ChangyinWei, YiyuYang, DinghaoWang, YichenLiu, Dezheng
In today's world, the electric vehicle (EV) industry is experiencing a remarkable boom with increasing global demand. With it, comes the surging and unprecedented need for EV batteries. Recycling these batteries has become of crucial importance, as it not only plays a vital role in ensuring the security of the battery supply chain but also serves as a key measure for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are still several issues that remain unresolved in this domain. Unsettled Issues Regarding Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling delves deep into these issues, thoroughly exploring the current state of the industry and potential solutions to drive sustainable EV battery recycling. By addressing these challenges, we can strive towards a more sustainable future in the EV sector. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
Lin, XiaoSaputra Lase, Irdanto
LIDAR-based autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) are gradually being used for gas detection in industries. They detect tiny changes in the composition of the environment in indoor areas that is too risky for humans, making it ideal for the detection of gases. This current work focusses on the basic aspect of gas detection and avoiding unwanted accidents in industrial sectors by using an AMR with LIDAR sensor capable of autonomous navigation and MQ2 a gas detection sensor for identifying the leakages including toxic and explosive gases, and can alert the necessary personnel in real-time by using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm and gas distribution mapping (GDM). GDM in accordance with SLAM algorithm directs the robot towards the leakage point immediately thereby avoiding accidents. Raspberry Pi 4 is used for efficient data processing and hardware part accomplished with PGM45775 DC motor for movements with 2D LIDAR allowing 360° mapping. The adoption of LIDAR-based AMRs
Feroz Ali, L.Madhankumar, S.Hariush, V.C.Jahath Pranav, R.Jayadeep, J.Jeffrey, S.
This paper presents a work undertaken to simulate the logistics processes in the digital environment using a discrete event simulation software which involves the movements of the Material Handling Equipment [MHE]. MHE movements to the line side involves traffic, where the parts are transported from the supermarket area to the line side based on the part requirement list ordered from the line side. The intersections are the bottleneck in the system due to the traffic and if the vehicle scheduling is not streamlined, then during any failure/stoppage of the vehicle, would result in the blocking of the preceding vehicles causing line stoppage. This work outlines to develop a junction block in the digital environment using a discrete event driven approach where an optimal flow of the vehicles is maintained at the intersections. The Junction block is created based on the succeeding track occupancy level, thus the preceding MHE’s can overtake in case of any blockages based on the priority
Surendranath, SujithAmasa, SanjayKotegar, Shravan RajVenkataramana, SurendharSathiyamoorthi, Gokul
Electric vehicles are transforming the future of transportation for the world while achieving the goal of sustainable development. While the concept and use of battery-powered vehicles has also penetrated the logistics and supply chain industry, it has also brought upon new challenges during its development. As OEMs strive to develop BEVs with extended range, the components within the propulsion and drivetrain system tend to demand a higher power output from the energy storage systems. This results in BEVs generating higher levels of thermal heat energy, which must be dissipated / rejected for optimal performance and safety. Consequently, to reject this heat, BEVs must utilize thermal management systems with higher capacities. This increase in size is accompanied by the inclusion of many parts that generate noise and contribute to increased noise levels in BEVS. In today’s market, optimization of noise levels is a significant factor when ensuring passenger comfort, while also showing
Shedge, Atharva VikasShalgar, SandeepSrivastava, SarveshNagarhalli, Prasanna V
Heavy-duty vehicles, particularly those towing higher weights, require a continuous/secondary braking system. While conventional vehicles employ Retarder or Engine brake systems, electric vehicles utilize recuperation for continuous braking. In a state where HV Battery is at 100% of SOC, recuperated energy from vehicle operation is passed on to HPR and it converts electrical energy into waste heat energy. This study focuses on identification of routes which are critical for High Power Brake Resistors (HPRs), by analyzing the elevation data of existing charging stations, the route’s slope distribution, and the vehicle’s battery SOC. This research ultimately suggests a method to identify HPR critical vehicle operational routes which can be useful for energy efficient route planning algorithms, leading to significant cost savings for customers and contributing to environmental sustainability
Thakur, ShivamSalunke, OmkarAmbuskar, MandarPandey, Lokesh
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) identifies the requirements for mitigating Counterfeit EEE parts in the Authorized Distribution Channel. If an organization is not performing Authorized Distribution but acting as another seller (such as an Authorized Reseller, Broker, or Independent Distributor), then only 3.3.1 applies
G-19 Counterfeit Electronic Parts Committee
Chinese battery manufacturer CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd.) completed the launch of its TECTRANS battery system for the commercial transport sector at IAA Transportation, which took place in September in Hanover, Germany. CATL added its heavy-duty truck and bus/coach battery ranges to the light-truck range that the company launched in China in July 2024. For heavy-duty trucks, CATL offers two alternatives: the TECTRANS - T Superfast Charging Edition and the TECTRANS - T Long Life Edition. As the name suggests, the Superfast Charging Edition is designed to offer rapid charging capability for operators needing to recharge during a duty cycle. CATL quotes a 4C peak charging rate, which would permit a charge to 70% in 15 minutes
Kendall, JohnGehm, Ryan
A new aviation supply chain integrity coalition has offered 13 recommended actions to prevent the circulation of non-serialized aircraft parts throughout the global aviation industry. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL In the summer of 2023, a receiving clerk in the procurement department of TAP Air Portugal, a Lisbon-based airline, made a curious discovery: A $65 engine part that should have appeared brand-new showed signs of significant wear. The clerk checked the documentation from the London-based parts supplier and noticed that the submitted documentation was also suspicious. Using his safety training, the employee immediately reported the anomaly to TAP Air Portugal management, which raised the issue with the jet engine's manufacturer. Little did the procurement clerk know at the time, but this escalation led to one of the biggest investigations in the history of the aviation supply chain, as reported by Reuters and the British Broadcasting Corporation in
At the Reuters Automotive USA 2024 conference in Detroit, SAE Media spoke with Stuart Taylor, chief product officer of Envorso, a consultancy with a mission to help OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers write better software. Companies have been plagued with issues around software written both in-house and via outside contractors
Clonts, Chris
R-1234yf is used in almost every new car sold in the U.S., but the EU is discussing a ban and the industry is investigating alternatives like CO2 and propane. According to its manufacturer, Chemours, use of R-1234yf has grown so much since the refrigerant replaced the long-established R-134a that it's now used in 95% of new cars sold in the U.S. An estimated 220 million cars on global roads are also using it. The problem with R-134a, which came in cars and trucks in the 1990s, is that it's a gas with “a global warming potential (GWP) that is 1,430 times that of CO2,” according to the EPA. Since 2017, EU legislation has banned the use of any refrigerant in new vehicles with a GWP higher than 150. That rule doomed R-134a but opened the door for R-1234yf, which has a GWP of only four. The EU is currently revisiting R-1234yf emissions rules and may ban the substance in a few years. In the U.S., the EPA stands by its use
Motavalli, Jim
Automotive electrical and electronics manufacturer MTA attended IAA Transportation for the first time, demonstrating its new range of wireless communication technologies for the truck industry. Earlier this year, the company acquired Calearo Antenne S.p.A, a company with a long history of producing antennas, amplifiers and cables. MTA global sales director Davide Bonelli explained to Truck & Off-Highway Engineering how that acquisition complements its business. “From a more strategic point of view, we see the world of antennas as complementary to what MTA does,” he said. “Often MTA products have an antenna as an interface, so this is one reason why we have done the deal. There are also a lot of synergies from an engineering standpoint. Historically, MTA is a company that uses many mechanical parts - plastics, metals - which we are very strong with so we can share them. And there are also some competences from Calearo Antenne that can be transferred to us
Kendall, John
Sometimes, I cringe; sometimes, I just listen and wonder. These past few months have given us all a lot to think about in the automotive space, and it's clear now that the coming years will keep the foot down on the accelerator when it comes to the dramatic changes we've experienced this past decade. One thing that stood out to me in various recent conversations is that there's a widening gulf opening between Chinese automakers and the rest of the world. This isn't exactly news, and this column isn't meant to monger any fears. It's just a bit of off-the-cuff reporting that sheds a bit of light on the level of the challenges we face. As you can read in Chris Clonts' excellent report further in this issue about the warning that Voltaiq's CEO gave at The Battery Show this October, the U.S. is in serious danger of falling well behind Chinese competitors in the EV battery race (Michael Robinette tackles similar ground through a tariff lens in this month's Supplier Eye). But that message was
Blanco, Sebastian
Continuing a common theme among some presenters at The Battery Show North America, the CEO and founder of Pure Lithium, which is betting on lithium vanadium, framed the company's efforts as a way to end China's dominance in the battery market. “The U.S. is facing an existential crisis, and that is the extinction of the U.S. automotive industry,” Emilie Bodoin said. “But unlike the dinosaurs, we can see this comet coming. We're literally in a cold war with China over supply chain
Clonts, Chris
As I write this version of the Supplier Eye column, 2024 has been a critical year for our industry. No matter if you are a supplier, OEM or some other position in the ecosystem, this year has set us up for feast or famine through this decade. Let's explore why this year will go down in the record books as a pivotal one. Editorial timing dictates that this is submitted just before the U.S. elections. While you will read this with the election in the rearview mirror, all indications are for an extremely close political outcome, though the ensuing weeks will be the final arbiter. The outcome nonetheless will impact our industry for years
This specification covers metric aircraft quality spacers for use as positioners for tubes, flat washers for use as load spreaders, galling protection of adjacent surfaces and or material compatibility, and key or tab washers for use as locks for bolts, nuts, and screws
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
ABSTRACT Standard requirements for directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing (AM) of parts were needed for a new NAVSEA Technical Publication. DED procedure qualification schemes were developed for integrated and non-integrated build platforms and for both single-sided and double-sided build applications. A double-sided build platform approach is widely preferred for distortion control and build productivity. These procedure qualification requirements were developed for arc, laser, and electron beam welding-based DED processes using wire or powder consumables. Each procedure qualification scheme included a standard qualification build (SQB) design, nondestructive evaluation test map, property specimen test matrix and qualification records for each application and process combination. Since these metal AM processes cover a range of feature size capabilities that are defined by minimum deposit bead width, SQBs were designed for full-scale (~> 5 mm), sub-scale (~2 – 5 mm
Harwig, D.D.Mohr, W.Kapustka, N.Hay, J.Carney, M.Hovanec, S.Handler, E.Farren, J.Rettaliata, J.Hayleck, R.
ABSTRACT Accurate reliability assessment requires accurate output distribution. To obtain correct output distribution, a very large number of output physical test data is required, which is prohibitively expensive. Regarding this, simulation-based methods have been developed under the assumption that: (1) accurate input distribution models obtained from large number of input test data; and (2) accurate simulation model (including surrogate model if utilized) that correctly represents physical phenomena. However, in real application, only limited numbers of input test data are available. Thus, input distribution models are uncertain. In addition, the simulation model could be biased due to assumptions and idealizations. Furthermore, only a limited number of physical output test data is available. As a result, a target output distribution to which simulation model can be validated is uncertain and the corresponding reliability is also uncertain. This paper proposes a confidence-based
Choi, K.K.Cho, HyunkyooMoon, Min-yeongGaul, NicholasLamb, DavidGorsich, David
ABSTRACT Automatic guided vehicles (AGV) have made big inroads in the automation of assembly plants and warehouse operations. There are thousands of AGV units in operation at OEM supplier and service facilities worldwide in virtually every major manufacturing and distribution sector. Although today’s AGV systems can be reconfigured and adapted to meet changes in operation and need, their adaptability is often limited because of inadequacies in current systems. This paper describes a wireless navigated (WN) omni-directional (OD) autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) that incorporates three technical innovations that address the shortfalls. The AGV features consist of: 1) A newly developed integrated wireless navigation technology to allow rapid rerouting of navigation pathways; 2) Omnidirectional wheels to move independently in different directions; 3) Modular space frame construction to conveniently resize and reshape the AGV platform. It includes an overview of the AGVs technical features
Cheok, Ka CRadovnikovich, MichoFleck, PaulHallenbeck, KevinGrzebyk, SteveVanneste, JerryLudwig, WolfgangGarner, Robert
ABSTRACT Product Development (PD) remains a highly uncertain process for both commercial and DoD programs. The presence of multiple stakeholders (e.g., DoD and allied agencies, soldiers/users, PEO, contractors, manufacturing, service, logistics) with varying requirements, preferences, constraints, and evolving priorities make this particularly challenging for the DoD. These risks are well recognized by agencies, and it is widely understood that acquisition is about risk management and not certainties. However, almost all the DoD acquisition processes still require critical reviews, and most importantly, structured decision support for the fuzzy front-end of the acquisition process. What is lacking, are effective decision support tools that explicitly recognize the sequential milestone structure embedded with multi-stakeholder decision making in all acquisition programs. We describe the Resilient Program Management & Development (RPMD) framework to support complex decision making with
Murat, AlperChinnam, Ratna BabuRana, SatyendraRapp, Stephen H.Hartman, Gregory D.Lamb, David A.Agusti, Rachel S.
ABSTRACT Timely part procurement is vital to the maintenance and performance of deployed military equipment. Yet, logistical hurdles can delay this process, which can compromise efficiency and mission success for the warfighter. Point-of-need part procurement through additive manufacturing (AM) is a means to circumvent these logistical challenges. An Integrated Computational Materials Engineering framework is presented as a means to validate and quantify the performance of AM replacement parts. Statistical modeling using a random forest network and finite element modeling were to inform the build design. Validation was performed by testing coupons extracted from each legacy replacement parts, as well as the new additively manufactured replacement parts through monotonic tensile and combined tension-torsion fatigue testing. Destructive full hinge assembly tests were also performed as part of the experimental characterization. Lastly, the collected experimental results were used to
Gallmeyer, Thomas GDahal, JineshKappes, Branden BStebner, Aaron PThyagarajan, Ravi SMiranda, Juan APilchak, AdamNuechterlein, Jacob
ABSTRACT Semiconductor manufacturers are creating new System on Chips that allow embedded system developers to design consolidated architectures to reduce size, weight, power, and cost. However, combining software functions onto a single computing resource creates safety and security concerns due to reduced fault containment and increased coupling between software components. Safety and security-conscious industries use various software separation solutions to isolate software functions logically in order to achieve a comparable level of decoupling and fault containment that distributed/federated systems enjoy as a by-product of their system architecture. This paper will assess the suitability of common separation solutions for use in embedded systems and explain our preference for Xen, an open source Type I hypervisor. This paper will also examine reasons for porting operating systems to run in virtual machines, also known as paravirtualization, and evaluate how certain properties of
Roach, Jarvis
ABSTRACT The military has a unique requirement to operate in different terrains throughout the world. The ability to travel in as much varying terrain as possible provides the military greater tactical options. This requirement/need is for the tire to provide a variable footprint to allow for different ground pressure. Much of the current run-flat technology utilized by the military severely limits mobility and adds significant weight to the unsprung mass. This technology gap has allowed for the development of new run-flat tire technology. New tire technology (fig 1) has been developed that substantially increases survivability, eliminates the need for heavy run-flat inserts, significantly reduces air pressure requirements and provides full (or near full) speed capability in degraded/damaged mode (punctured tire). This run-flat technology is built directly into the tire, yet maintains the normal variable footprint of a normal pneumatic tire. This makes the tire/wheel assembly much
Capouellez, JamesPannikottu, AbrahamGerhardt, Jon
ABSTRACT In order to assess a design from a supportability perspective early in a technology’s prototyping phase, TARDEC’s Systems Engineering Directorate has established a Design for Supportability (DfS) competency. This competency, under the SE umbrella, encompasses the relationship between Design for Reliability (DfR), Design for Maintainability (DfM), and Design for Logistics (DfL). The combination of DfR, DfM and DfL form a trifecta of knowledge that determines whether a developing technology will: 1) perform its intended function for the complete duration of the mission it’s designed for; 2) be designed in a way to be fixable in a reasonable amount of time using standard tools; 3) be designed to have replaceable parts as accessible as possible; 4) not increase the logistics burden for our men and women in uniform
Majcher, MonicaEaly, James
ABSTRACT The Applied Science and Technology Research Organization of America (ASTRO America), Ingersoll Machine Tool (Ingersoll), MELD Manufacturing (MELD), Siemens Digital Industries (Siemens), The American Lightweight Materials Manufacturing Innovation Institute (ALMII), and the US Army CCDC-GVSC have partnered to show the feasibility of fabricating very large metal parts using a combination of additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies. The Army seeks new manufacturing technology to support supply chain strategy objectives to replace costly inventories and reduce lead times. While additive manufacturing (AM) has demonstrated production of metallic parts for military applications, the scale of these demonstrations is much smaller than required for large vehicle components and/or complete vehicle hull structures. Leveraging AM for large scale applications requires enhancements in the size, speed, and precision of the current commercially available state-of-the-art equipment
Rodriguez, Ricardo X.Wells, CorrineCarter, Robert H.LaLonde, Aaron D.Goffinski, Curtis W.Cox, Chase D.Bell, Tim S.Kott, Norbert J.Gorey, Jason S.Czech, Peter A.Hoffmann, KlausHolmes, Larry (LJ) R.
ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, to inform the audience on the inherent risk of shortage of raw materials used to produce high-tech devices, sources and the different levels of stakeholders involved in the transformation process – all of which is a subset of the supply chain. Secondly, given that we live in a complex global economy within which changes are occurring rapidly, we need to develop an awareness of risks in our surrounding business environment and develop the skillset necessary to manage risks well
Khaled-Noveloso, Lubna
ABSTRACT To support customers during product development, General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) utilizes a set of Operations Research/Decision Support processes and tools to facilitate all levels of decision-making aimed at achieving a balanced system design. GDLS employs a rigorous Structured Decision (SD) process that allows for large, highly complex or strategic decisions to be made at the system-of-systems, system, and/or subsystem level. Powerful, robust tools -the Advanced Collaborative System Optimization Modeler (ACSOM) and Logical Decisions for Windows (LDW) - are used to make relatively quick assessments and provide recommendations. The latest ACSOM algorithms have increased the response time for trade study analysis by over 2,000 times and future versions will incorporate logistics analysis helping to reduce vehicle Life Cycle Cost
Gerlach, JamesHartman, GregoryWilliams, DarrellParent, Jeffery
ABSTRACT The need for current and future military vehicles to include more powerful and efficient powertrains is critical to both improving operational performance and reducing logistical burden. VanDyne SuperTurbo Inc. is working jointly with TARDEC and OEM partners to develop and field a revolutionary technology that simultaneously increases available engine power and reduces overall fuel consumption. The ability to incorporate efficient supercharging will allow vehicles to accelerate faster in combat situations and accept a heavier load. The ability to mechanically recover waste heat energy will allow vehicles to improve their operational range and reduce the Class III supply chain. SuperTurbo technology additionally reduces visible soot emissions and is transferable to gensets and other equipment. The end result of fielding this kind of capability will be a force protection multiplier that equips the warfighter with better performing systems
Waldron, ThomasVanDyne, EdBrown, Jared
ABSTRACT Northrop Grumman has developed Tactical Ground Vehicle High-Availability (HA) middleware conforming to open standards specified by the Service Availability Forum (SAF), a consortium of industry-leading communications and computing companies. The software hot-spare and standby capabilities realized by this technology operate across tightly and loosely coupled farms of processors, ensuring critical processes remain operational with zero or minimal interruption, as chosen by system architects. High availability software delivers key benefits to the warfighter. Systems experience less downtime, helping to maintain continuity of tactical operations. Both hardware and software failures are managed, reducing the impact on system aborts and essential function failures and therefore reducing the number of computing elements required to meet system level availability SWAP-CC (Size, Weight, Power, and Cost, Cooling). The wrappers Northrop Grumman has created for open source and
Nguyen, Tri
ABSTRACT The M109A7/M992A3 Paladin Integrated Management (PIM) is a sustainment program designed to bring the M109 Family of Vehicles (FOV) up-to-date and extend the service life of the fleet. PIM consists of the sustainment and upgrade of two military tracked vehicles; the Paladin M109A6 Self Propelled Howitzer (SPH) and the M992A2 Carrier Ammunition, Tracked (CAT). The M109A7/M992A3 program is engineered to improve readiness, avoid component obsolescence, and increase sustainability. These changes will increase the performance of the M109A7/M992A3, eliminate obsolescence issues associated with supplying new parts to the M109A6 and M992A2, and ease the logistics burden within the Artillery Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) through commonality of spares parts. The PIM project has been a multi-phase project with development expected to continue into 2015
Bailey, BruceMiller, Mark R.Brinton, GordonSwartz, EricHamilton, GeorgeUetz, PaulJochum, EricRegmont, Dennis
ABSTRACT A methodology for rapid development of purpose-built, heavy-fueled engines is being created. The methodology leverages best-in-class computational tools, component supplier expertise, user-programmable ECUs, and rapid prototyping to quickly provide custom engines for demanding military applications. . First-tier automotive suppliers are being used extensively on non-complex standard components to reduce the development time. Our design methodology aggressively eliminates unnecessary components and incorporates various other weight-saving features to minimize system weight. The anticipated total development time to a working prototype is less than 15 months for this first iteration of the methodology, and will be further reduced for any subsequent design iterations
Sykes, David M.Ratowski, Jeffrey
ABSTRACT The DoD Digital Engineering Strategy [1] released in June 2018 outlined the DoD’s strategic goals which “promote the use of digital artifacts as a technical means of communication across a diverse set of stakeholders” In addition to build, test, field and sustainment of defense systems, emphasis was placed on the acquisition and procurement of systems and the importance of digital engineering. This was further reinforced in the Feb 2022 release of the Engineering of Defense Systems Guidebook [2] which contains Digital Engineering sections in each chapter. The norm for Systems Engineering has become Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in which models are used at all phases of development. To complete the digital thread from concept to disposal, models will be required for the acquisition phase. This paper will describe Model-Based Acquisition (MBAcq), and how it can be used to increase clarity compliance and understanding in Capability Systems and Software Acquisition for
Hause, Matthew CHart, Laura E
ABSTRACT Power and energy demands on military vehicles and other large systems have been increasing significantly and modifications to these power systems are being explored on several programs. A key decision in a new power system is determining whether to use “high voltage” or “low voltage” for distribution throughout the vehicle. This decision has far reaching consequences throughout the vehicle and needs to be made after careful consideration. This paper addresses key trade-off criteria for consideration when comparing high voltage and low voltage vehicle architectures and then addresses a few other considerations for this type of decision
Knakal, Anthony
ABSTRACT We propose new methods to help automate the design of customizable mufflers, as well as modular manufacturing techniques targeted at mid volume quantities. A successful solution would reduce the price point of a muffler to an estimated $500 per unit for a order size between 10 and 1000 units. In the ideal case, customers would not need to inventory mufflers because lead times would be fast and managed
Nelson, KevinKangas, GregMattson, SteveHufnagel, Alan
ABSTRACT Acquisition programs typically develop a set of system requirements early in their lifecycle, which then become the standard against which future designs are evaluated. It is critical that these requirements be set at appropriate levels. Requirement sets that are not simultaneously achievable are a relatively common problem in military acquisition programs and often are not recognized until significant investment has already been made – sometimes even leading to program cancellation. The Advanced Requirements Integration & Exploration System (ARIES) is designed to aid program stakeholders in understanding the requirements trade space for a system and facilitate the identification of an achievable set of requirements. This paper presents the ARIES methodology, describes the analytic capability, and discusses its application. Citation: A.I. Dessanti, D.J. Anderson, S.M. Henry, A.J. Pierson, R.S. Agusti, M.A. Zabat, “Advanced Requirements Integration & Exploration System (ARIES
Dessanti, Alexander I.Anderson, Dennis J.Henry, Stephen M.Pierson, Adam J.Agusti, Rachel S.Zabat, Michael A.
ABSTRACT One of the biggest challenges in developing TRA is the determination of the critical technology elements (CTEs). This paper outlines a systematic process used to identify all potential technologies developed by the contractors during the Technology Development (TD) Phase and applies criteria for selection of CTEs. To reduce the subjectivity in the assessment, the relevant technical requirements for each CTE that are important to the customers will be established. These requirements must be met to demonstrate the level of maturity required before entering the Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase. The maturity of a CTE cannot be evaluated in isolation. The paper also includes other system requirements that the CTEs must satisfy before the overall system can be evaluated. A major defense ACAT vehicle acquisition program, Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV), was used to demonstrate the TRA process in preparation for the MS-B Review with the Assistant Secretary of
Tzau, JeromeDolan, AnthonyWithun, MattGoetz, RichardJohnson, BrettPutrus, Johnathon
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the packaging characteristics of a family of power-packs for military land vehicles in the 21st century. 3 classes of vehicles are considered: light vehicles (300 - 600 Hp), medium weight vehicles (600-1000 Hp) and heavy vehicles (1000-1500 Hp). The paper highlights that a common bore engine approach provides both very good performance and a very compact power-pack. 2 different engine styles are examined. The results are expected to be applicable for a spectrum of modernized engine platforms that would employ a common bore engine approach. The approach offers many product development and production advantages, including lower development and tooling costs, and reduced product inventory needs, lead times, development costs, in addition to reduced product development risk. Various trade study parameters are considered in addition to engine power. Power-pack configurations based on a common bore approach shows significant commonality advantages and
Kacynski, KenBauman, AndreasJohnson, S. Arnie
ABSTRACT Leveraging an open standard may still not achieve the desired interoperability between systems. Addressing “lessons learned” from past implementations of open standards for various Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition programs is critical for future success. This paper discusses past issues which range from insufficient technical detail, when and how to apply a given specification, verification of an implementation’s compliance, to inconsistent and imprecise contractual language. This paper illustrates how the Vehicular Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability (VICTORY) initiative addresses these challenges to enable interoperability on Army ground vehicles, as well as facilitate rapid technology insertion and incorporation of new capabilities. VICTORY represents a leap ahead in solving interoperability challenges and defining open standards
Dirner, JasonMelber, AdamPankowski, John A.
ABSTRACT The military has a need to source propulsion systems that have enhanced efficiencies, lower noise signatures, and improved lifetimes over existing power systems. This is true for energy storage systems on unmanned ground vehicles and for manned vehicles (i.e., Auxiliary Power Units). Fuel cells have the promise to achieve all of these goals. However, to be truly effective, these advanced systems should integrate seamlessly with the current supplies of energy storage (batteries) and energy sources (logistics fuel). The largest fuel cell development hurdle to date has been the ability to handle sulfur concentrations present in logistics fuel. Secondly, the reformer must be capable of several thousands of hours of operation utilizing logistics fuels without loss of performance due to sulfur or carbon deposition. Advancements in several key technologies have the potential to allow development of a logistics fueled solid oxide fuel cell with similar size, weight, and power
Westrich, Thomas
ABSTRACT Vehicle light weighting is a priority for the U.S. Army. Due to increased survivability requirements, additional protection measures have been added to vehicles resulting in decreased fuel economy, decreased reliability and associated vehicle availability. The automotive industry response to new CAFE requirements as well as market pressures has not only created new light-weight materials and associated manufacturing technologies, but also a supply chain capable of meeting the military’ needs. This paper describes a project that is designed to test this hypothesis through the design, manufacture, and evaluation of a functional tactical demonstration vehicle with an affordable, weight optimized, multi-material substructure. The project is jointly funded by the National Automotive Center (NAC) of the United States Army, the Marine Corp, the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC), and General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS
Gerth, Richard J.
ABSTRACT An increasing pace of technology advancements and recent heavy investment by potential adversaries has eroded the Army’s overmatch and spurred significant changes to the modernization enterprise. Commercial ground vehicle industry solutions are not directly applicable to Army acquisitions because of volume, usage and life cycle requirement differences. In order to meet increasingly aggressive schedule goals while ensuring high quality materiel, the Army acquisition and test and evaluation communities need to retain flexibility and continue to pursue novel analytic methods. Fully utilizing test and field data and incorporating advanced techniques, such as, big data analytics and machine learning can lead to smarter, more rapid acquisition and a better overall product for the Soldier. Logistics data collections during operationally relevant events that were originally intended for the development of condition based maintenance procedures in particular have been shown to provide
Heine, RichardFrounfelker, BradSalins, LaneWang, Chongying
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