Browse Topic: Supply chain management

Items (15,741)
With the introduction of the Euro 7 regulation, non-exhaust emissions – particularly those arising from brake and tire abrasion – will be regulated and subject to emission limits for the first time. This presents significant challenges not only for OEMs striving to meet these targets within the given timeframe, but also for suppliers, who must develop innovative solutions for the precise measurement, analysis, and mitigation of these emissions. To address this, it is essential to establish and industrialize new testing methodologies as structured, scalable, and cost-efficient processes. Beyond pure measurement capability, service providers in this domain are increasingly expected to serve as feedback mechanisms – identifying process limitations, proposing targeted improvements, and thereby enabling continuous development in line with evolving technical and regulatory requirements. In this context, AVL is pursuing a holistic development strategy that integrates brake emission
Grojer, Bernd
To curb global warming and meet stricter greenhouse gas emission standards all over the globe, it is essential to minimize the carbon footprint of applications in the mobility and transport segment. The demands on mobility, transportation and services are constantly increasing in line with worldwide population growth and the corresponding need for economic prosperity. This ongoing trend will lead to a significant increase in energy requirements for mobility-related applications in the upcoming time, despite all efficiency improvements. The timely introduction and accelerated spread of low-carbon/carbon-neutral energy sources is therefore of crucial importance. In addition to the switch to electric propulsion systems, particularly in the light-duty vehicle sector, the use of advanced and optimized hydrogen (H2)-powered internal combustion engines (ICE) represents a parallel, compatible technical option, as these applications will also meet the most stringent requirements in terms of
Koerfer, ThomasZimmer, PascalLi, ZhenglingPischinger, StefanLĂĽckerath, Moritz
For further elucidation of the extremely complex mechanism of wall heat transfer during diesel flame impingement, heat flux measurement results based on two different relatively new approaches, high-speed infrared thermography and Micro Electro- Mechanical Systems (MEMS) heat flux sensor, were compared. Both measurements were conducted on the chamber wall impinged by a diesel flame achieved in constant volume combustion vessels under similar experimental conditions. Infrared thermography was conducted using a high-speed infrared camera (TELOPS M3k, 13,000 fps, 128Ă—128 pixels), allowing the capture of time-series temperature and heat flux distributions on the wall surface with a spatial resolution of 70 ÎĽm (9 mm / 128 pixels). This high-resolution imaging also enables detailed estimation of near-wall turbulent structures, which are considered to significantly influence the heat flux distributions. The MEMS sensor is composed of closely aligned (520 microns separated) multiple highly
Shimizu, FumikaMorooka, MasatoAizawa, TetsuyaDejima, KazuhitoNakabeppu, Osamu
The reduction of CO2 emissions from anthropogenic activities is pushing the green energy transition, prompting the search for alternative and more environmental-friendly solutions compared to traditional technologies based on fossil fuels. One of the most affected sectors is transportation, which is undergoing a significant change to increase sustainability. To achieve this goal, development of hybrid and electric propulsion systems has taken hold over the past decade, but electrification is proceeding slower than expected due to many challenges related to charging infrastructure, cars range and cost, thus pushing the European automotive sector into a potential crisis. To reverse this trend and simultaneously accelerate the transition to sustainable transportation, further development of ICEs technology aimed at enhancing efficiency when using alternative fuels like hydrogen, is staging a comeback. Thanks to the possibility to retrofit existing units, benefiting from a strong know-how
Madia, ManuelBoehm, BenjaminFontanesi, StefanoYe, PedroMagnani, MauroBreda, Sebastiano
Li-ion battery performance is highly dependent on the electrode materials. The composition of the negative and positive electrodes influences crucial aspects of the Li-ion cell, including energy density, ageing behavior and thermal stability. Recent Li-ion technologies include the use of composite graphite-silicon negative electrodes to improve the energy storage capacity of the otherwise graphite-only negative electrode. This article evaluates the impact of negative electrode composition (standard graphite vs. Si-Gr) on the performance of two recent technologies of Li-ion batteries from the same manufacturer, focusing on electrical performance and safety behavior. The studied technologies are the LG M50LT and LG M58T, the latest one introducing a considerable increase of capacity, passing from 4.80 to 5.65 in nominal capacity. This article abords the comparison of both technologies in electric performance, electrode composition, cell design and thermal stability. Electrical
Cruz Rodriguez, Jesus ArmandoLecompte, MatthieuRedondo-Iglesias, EduardoPelissier, SergeAbada, Sara
Effective thermal management in battery packs is a key technology for enhancing the efficiency and longevity of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Traditional active cooling systems can consume significant amounts of energy, thereby impacting the vehicle's overall efficiency. This paper explores the use of phase change materials (PCMs) as a complementary cooling technology, enabling both an improved active and an extended passive conditioning of battery packs. By leveraging the unique properties of PCMs, it is possible to partially operate the battery system without active cooling, thus reducing the overall energy consumption and improving vehicle autonomy. The phase change phenomenon further offers the benefit of a homogeneous temperature distribution within the battery pack. This study addresses the potential of PCMs as a thermal management solution for battery packs by firstly identifying suitable materials meeting requirements specific to such application. In addition, the paper
Fandakov, AlexanderNolte, OliverHerzog, AlexanderSens, Marc
Researchers at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory are using advanced manufacturing techniques to revitalize the domestic production of very large metal parts that weigh at least 10,000 pounds each and are necessary for a variety of industries, including clean energy.
Sensors are used everywhere — from smartphones and wearable devices to industrial systems and logistics. But traditional sensors often rely on rigid components and batteries, limiting their applications in soft systems. To address this, researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan, have developed a smarter alternative. Using a paper-folding technique in combination with a triboelectric nanogenerator, they created a novel energy-harvesting sensor with promising potential for next-generation soft devices.
September is unofficially known in the industry as a key forecasting month. It's when several suppliers lock in their revenue forecasts for the next year. As we approach 2026, there are still several balls in the air with respect to the trajectory of the light vehicle market. Looming U.S. tariffs, negative economic and geo-political shifts, and the impact of changes to U.S. vehicle emission legislation have all brought with them a cloud of uncertainty that hovers over the industry. An industry that requires greater planning clarity, not less. Let's start with the tariffs. As of this writing, the major vehicle and parts importers outside of North America have agreed to 15% U.S. tariffs for vehicles and parts. In the case of Japan and the European Union, this is 12.5 percentage points higher than 2024 levels. In the case of South Korea, it's 15 points more, as there was a free trade agreement in force. While these framework agreements drive some level of certainty, the final details
Counterfeiting of refrigerants has seen a dramatic rise over the past decades. This rise can be partially attributed to global restrictions placed on production and use of refrigerants by the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, and the 2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol [1, 2]. These protocols and the amendment regulate the gradual phase-out and strict regulations on the use of refrigerants with high Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and high Global Warming Potential (GWP). These protocols require that older refrigerants be replaced with more environmentally friendly products and necessitate redesigned, updated, or replaced equipment to operate efficiently with these new refrigerants.
G-21R Counterfeit Refrigerants
Bosch bolstered its 3D printing capabilities when it added a new metal 3D printer at its Nuremberg, Germany, plant earlier this year. The NXG XII 600 metal 3D printer from Nikon SLM Solutions met the supplier's need - the need for speed - as well as the non-Top Gun-related precision, flexibility and energy efficiency when manufacturing complex metal parts for its in-house and third-party customers. The Nuremberg plant invested nearly six million euros in the center, including the purchase and installation of the new metal 3D printer. Bosch claims to be the first Tier 1 automotive supplier in Europe to have a facility in this performance class.
Gehm, Ryan
Suppliers are learning several new and unwelcome lessons as the dynamics surrounding U.S. light vehicle trade and emissions legislation quickly shifts. Two major issues are at play here. As the industry continues to feel the impact of reduced or eliminated battery electric vehicle incentives in several North American and European jurisdictions and governments are retrenching on light vehicle emissions legislation - OEMs are questioning the size of the near- and mid-term market. Similarly, as of this writing, the saga surrounding future vehicle and parts tariffs between the U.S. and its major automotive trading partners continues. This unfortunate combination has driven OEMs to delay, extend and rescope future product programs. This jams a stick in the financial spokes of the supply base. Some context is in order. Like clockwork, in the highly competitive global light vehicle market, our industry was trained to expect a regular cadence for product renewals and product cycles. The
Warehouse logistics increasingly rely on automation in the form of autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), scanners, complex conveyors, and fleet management systems for seamless operation, but it’s the ubiquitous, century-old pallet that remains the critical support system. Make no mistake, if even one of those thousands of pallets is defective, it can create havoc in the warehouse.
This paper examines the impact of the distribution of charging and hydrogen refueling stations on their reachability for craft vehicles with a defined usage profile. A simulation-based methodology is presented for this purpose. The simulation models daily trips for craft vehicles, considering amongst others the company location, the client stops, the operating radius and the mean daily driving distance. Based on these inputs, the number of charging or refueling opportunities for typical daily trips of the craft vehicle is calculated. To investigate the impact of locations on the frequency of encountering energy provisions, simulations are conducted in three regions: Ulm (urban), Stuttgart (metropolitan), and Munderkingen (rural). Furthermore, the impact of different locations within the same infrastructural area is examined by assessing multiple company locations in Ulm. The findings indicate that the urban zone of Ulm is characterized by a highly dense electric fast charging
Heilmann, OliverMüller, JulianHeinrich, MarcoCortès, SvenSchlick, MichaelKulzer, André Casal
In order to comply with increasingly stringent emission regulations and ensure clean air, wall-flow particulate filters are predominantly used in exhaust gas aftertreatment systems of combustion engines to remove reactive soot and inert ash particles from exhaust gases. These filters consist of parallel porous channels with alternately closed ends, effectively separating particles by forming a layer on the filter surface. However, the accumulated particulate layer increases the pressure drop across the filter, requiring periodic filter regeneration. During regeneration, soot oxidation breaks up the particulate layer, while resuspension and transport of individual agglomerates can occur. These phenomena are influenced by gas temperature and velocity, as well as by the dispersity and reactivity of the soot particles. Renewable and biomass based fuels can produce different types of soot with different reactivities and dispersities. Therefore, this study focuses on the influences of soot
Desens, OleHagen, Fabian P.Meyer, JörgDittler, Achim
In the pursuit of customizability and evolvability of vehicle functions, manufacturers shift towards software-defined vehicles to enable flexible customization and over-the-air updates. This results in multiple variants and versions of a vehicle model. While shifting to software-defined vehicles (SDVs) adds value and flexibility for customers, manufacturers struggle with homologating new and updated functionality because existing testing processes do not scale for high-frequency release cycles that limit available testing resources. Overcoming this challenge by using a coherent test process designed for testing continuously evolving variant-rich systems will be one of the key enablers. This paper presents an innovative end-to-end pipeline for efficient and comprehensive testing of variant-rich vehicle functionality tailored to an application in continuous development. Our transferable test pipeline employs sample-based variant selection, a software-in-the-loop environment for executing
Hettich, LennardPett, TobiasNägele, Ann-ThereseSchindewolf, MarcEriş, HalitWagner, StefanSax, EricSchaefer, InaWeyrich, Michael
Engineering precision is an art of nuance — especially when it comes to selecting the right bearing for medical devices. What begins as a straightforward specification process quickly becomes a complex yet familiar puzzle of competing requirements. Oftentimes, engineers discover that a bearing’s performance extends beyond its basic dimensional specs, involving considerations of material properties, system integration and supply chain dynamics.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
This study aims to characterise the flame development for hydrogen-diesel dual direct injection (H2DDI) in an optically accessible heavy-duty engine through high-speed imaging of the natural combustion luminosity. A single hole, side mounted injector was used to inject H2 at 35 MPa in addition to a centrally mounted eight-hole diesel injector providing the ignition source for the H2. Firstly, the diesel pilot flame was examined without H2 to establish the combustion characteristics of the pilot flame. The pilot fuel energy was reduced from 1200 J to 120 J until the minimum repeatable diesel flame was found, which showed a flame distribution that transitioned from an initial quasi-steady diesel flame at peak load (1200 J), to a piston bowl wall-centric flame distribution (840 J) and then to an injector centric flame (120 J). The minimum pilot fuel quantity of 120 J was then used to investigate the ignition process of hydrogen main fuel mixtures supplying 90% energy and only 10% energy
Heaton, AlastarChan, Qing NianKook, Sanghoon
The effects of diesel and the ammonia ratio on the emissions and combustion characteristics of ammonia utilized in AMMONIA direct injection (AMMONIA-Di) engines were investigated through experimental and numerical investigations. A rapid compression expansion machine (RCEM) modified to facilitate the dual direct injection fuel (diesel-ammonia) - compression ignition (CI) method was used to conduct the experiment. A compression ratio (CR) of 19 and an ammonia energy percentage ranging from 10% to 90% were used in the experiment. Changes were made to the start of injection (SOI) from 0o to 40o before top dead center (BTDC) in order to find the best auto-ignition properties of ammonia. In order to facilitate auto-ignition, the diesel’s SOI was maintained at 10o BTDC. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to establish the detailed emission propagation during the combustion process. During the expansion step, ammonia goes through a second stage of combustion, demonstrating
Setiawan, ArdhikaLim, Ocktaeck
This study presents a novel biomimetic flow-field concept that integrates a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) porous architectures with a hierarchical leaf-vein-inspired distribution zone, fabricated through 3D printing. By mimicking natural transport systems, the proposed design enhances oxygen delivery and water removal in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The results showed that I-FF and G-FF significantly improved mass transport and water management compared to conventional CPFF. The integrated design I-FF-LDZ achieves up to 32% improvement in power density at 1.85 A/cm2@0.4 V and delays the onset of mass transport losses. The study also reveals that optimizing the volume fraction Vf significantly affects gas penetration, with lower Vf (30%) improving performance in the mass-limited region. These findings underscore the promise of nature-inspired, 3D-printed flow-field architectures in overcoming key transport limitations and advancing the scalability of next
Ho-Van, PhucLim, Ocktaeck
Low-Cost Mobile Hydrogen Refuelling Stations: A Cost-Effective Solution for India's Sustainable Transportation” The likely depletion of fossil fuel reserves in the next fifty years and growing environmental concerns caused by petroleum fuel-based vehicles highlight the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. India, a developing country, requires a significant amount of energy to sustain its growth, most of which is imported. Hydrogen is one of the cleanest fuels and offers sustainable pathways to a low-carbon future. The government of India has already launched a Green Hydrogen mission and has set up a very ambitious target for 2030. However, the absence of adequate refueling infrastructure is a significant blockade to India's widespread adoption of hydrogen-powered vehicles. The mobile hydrogen refueling station (MHRS) is a flexible system that enables lower initial capital costs than fixed hydrogen refueling stations and allows for the gradual build-up of hydrogen mobility fleets
Mathur, AnimeshNayak, AjayKumar, Naveen
Brake-by-wire (BBW) systems, characterized by fast response, high precision, ease installation, and simplified maintenance, are highly likely to become the future braking systems. However, the reliability of BBW is currently inferior to that of traditional hydraulic braking systems. Considering ECE R13 regulations, actuator reliability, and braking efficiency, this article first proposes a new braking force distribution strategy to prevent braking failure and enhance vehicle safety without modifying the actuator itself. The strategy reduces the operating frequency of rear actuators during low- and medium-intensity braking, thereby extending their service life and operational reliability. Then, the co-simulation model combining Simulink and AMESim was established for simulation validation based on direct drive braking actuator. Additionally, the real-vehicle test platform was built for typical braking scenarios. The simulation and experimental results show that this strategy
Li, TianleGong, XiaoxiangHe, ChunrongDeng, ZhenghuaZhang, HongXu, RongHe, HaitaoWang, XunZhang, Huaiyue
While new sustainability efforts aim to curb the carbon footprint of the commercial vehicle industry, old methods continue to be among the most effective. Sustainability has been among the hottest topics for the commercial vehicle industry over the past decade. OEMs, suppliers and various governmental agencies across the globe are touting new advances in clean powertrain tech that reduces the industry's dependence on fossil fuel while also considering the complete carbon footprint of the vehicle from cradle to grave. Though these initiatives have their merits, there are old-school methods of reducing the environmental impact of keeping the world moving. Remanufacturing is decidedly not the sexiest of methods for promoting the concept of sustainability. But recycling existing materials and components is a proven tactic for reducing waste and energy consumption.
Wolfe, Matt
April saw two major tradeshows take place, playing host to numerous advanced vehicle and technology reveals from global OEMs and suppliers - some of which are detailed in these pages. Bauma in Munich, Germany, a leading trade fair for the construction and mining vehicle industries, saw around 600,000 visitors from more than 200 countries and regions, as well as over 3,600 exhibitors from 57 nations. Billed as the largest advanced CV technology show, ACT Expo engaged more than 12,000 stakeholders from at least 54 countries, including over 2,700 fleet operators. But just as present as the technology itself at these shows was the ongoing uncertainty stemming from the Trump administration's volatile trade policy announced on April 2 involving steep tariffs that have been adjusted frequently in the ensuing weeks.
Gehm, Ryan
Machine builders are under intense pressure to keep engineering time in line with shorter delivery schedules and materials, assembly, and inventory cost considerations. Machine builders are also striving to make equipment smaller, lighter, higher-performing and easier for their customers to maintain. While functionally integrated products have been available for a long time, they are more vital today than ever for machine builders and end users to improve processes and products. And there are more options available to provide solutions.
Much has been written about the challenging operating environment within the North American automotive ecosystem. Suppliers and OEMs alike were never trained in business school or past experiences for the erratic trade and legislative environment that they face today. Since late 2019 and a multi-week strike by the UAW against GM, there has been calamity after calamity impacting our industry. These include the impact of COVID on supply and demand, chip availability, labor shortages, inflation impacts and erratic trade actions that have all suppressed revenue and profits. There is one obvious dynamic impacting the industry: the lack of a stable, expected trade environment is critical to our long-term viability.
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