Browse Topic: Electronic control systems
The advancement of the automotive industry towards automation has fostered a growing integration between this field and automation. Future projects aim for the complete automation of the act of driving, enabling the vehicle to operate independently after the driver inputs the desired destination. In this context, the use of simulation systems becomes essential for the development and testing of control systems. This work proposes the control of an autonomous vehicle through fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic allows for the development of sophisticated control systems in simple, easily maintainable, and low-cost controllers, proving particularly useful when the mathematical model is subject to uncertainties. To achieve this goal, the PDCA method was adopted to guide the stages of defining the problem, implementation, and evaluation of the proposed model. The code implementation was done in Python and validated using different looping scenarios. Three linguistic variables were used, one with three
Heavy-duty vehicles, particularly those towing higher weights, require a continuous/secondary braking system. While conventional vehicles employ Retarder or Engine brake systems, electric vehicles utilize recuperation for continuous braking. In a state where HV Battery is at 100% of SOC, recuperated energy from vehicle operation is passed on to HPR and it converts electrical energy into waste heat energy. This study focuses on identification of routes which are critical for High Power Brake Resistors (HPRs), by analyzing the elevation data of existing charging stations, the route’s slope distribution, and the vehicle’s battery SOC. This research ultimately suggests a method to identify HPR critical vehicle operational routes which can be useful for energy efficient route planning algorithms, leading to significant cost savings for customers and contributing to environmental sustainability
Emergence of Software Defined Vehicles (SDVs) presents a paradigm shift in the automotive domain. In this paper, we explore the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) for comprehensive system simulation within the SDV architecture. The key challenge for developing a system model for SDV using traditional methods is the document centric approach combined with the complexity of SDV. This MBSE approach can help to reduce the complexity involved in Software-Defined Vehicle Architecture making it more flexible, consistent, and scalable. The proposed approach facilitates the definition and analysis of functional, logical, and physical architecture enabling efficient feature and resource allocation and verification of system behaviour. It also enables iterative component analysis based on performance parameters and component interaction analysis (using sequence diagrams
In the rapidly evolving field of automotive engineering, the drive for innovation is relentless. One critical component of modern vehicles is the automotive ECU. Ensuring the reliability and performance of ECU is paramount, and this has led to the integration of advanced testing methodologies such as Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing. In conjunction with HIL, the adoption of Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Testing (CT) processes has revolutionized how automotive ECU are developed and validated. This paper explores the integration of CI and CT in HIL testing for automotive ECU, highlighting the benefits, challenges, and best practices. Continuous Integration and Continuous Test (CI/CT) are essential practices in software development. Continuous Integration process involves regularly integrating code changes into the main branch, ensuring that it does not interfere with the work of other developers. The CI/CT server automatically build and test code whenever a new commit is
This paper examines the effectiveness of optimizing energy management in hybrid electric vehicles by integrating adaptive machine learning algorithms with the energy management electronic control unit (ECU). Existing traditional rule-based energy management and control strategies of power distribution between internal combustion and battery struggle to adapt to dynamic driving conditions, such as rapid acceleration, frequent stop-and-go traffic, and varying terrain. These scenarios often result in sub-optimal energy utilization and performance, as the fixed rules struggle to account for the immediate demands and inefficiencies that arise in such conditions. In conditions like that, rapid acceleration demands a sudden increase in power, which can lead to inefficient fuel consumption if not managed properly, while frequent stop-and-go traffic conditions can cause the battery to drain and lead to increased fuel consumption. Varying terrain can also lead to improper power distribution
Balancing low conductivity, corrosion resistance and optimum heat transfer in next-generation EV coolants while meeting new EV safety regulations. Managing the heating and cooling of electric vehicle propulsion systems may seem to be an easy task compared with combustion engines. After all, ICEs run much hotter-the thermal optimum for a gasoline engine is around 212 F (100 C). By comparison, EV batteries normally generate (as a function of current during charge/discharge cycles) a relatively cool 59-86 F (15-30 C). And while motors and power electronics operate hotter, typically 140-176 F (60-80 C), they still run cooler than ICEs. But among the myriad complexities of EV thermal management are batteries' dislike for temperature extremes, new cell chemistries, heat-generating high-voltage electrical architectures and 800V fast charging. All are putting greater focus on maintaining stable EV battery thermal performance and safety. Experts note that compatibility among the cell chemistry
The aerospace and defense industries demand the highest levels of reliability, durability, and performance from their electronic systems. Central to achieving these standards are laminate materials, which form the backbone of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and flexible circuits used in a multitude of applications, from avionics to missile guidance systems. Building these systems, which are typically implemented in environments that experience both temperature extremes and wide variations of temperature over time, requires robust materials that can stand up to punishing environmental conditions. Laminates and films for circuit boards and flexible circuits are a vital component of this protective material profile
ABSTRACT Modern vehicular systems are comprised of numerous electronics control units (ECUs) that consist of thousands of microelectronics components. Individual ECU systems are reliant upon “trust” in the supply chain for defense. This paper describes an approach utilizing historically offensive-based cybersecurity technology, side-channels, to quantify and qualify malicious ECU states in a bus-agnostic, logically-decoupled method of assurance and verification. Providing a measure of supply chain assurance to end-users. Citation: Yale Empie, Matthew Bayer, “Assurance and Verification of Vehicular Microelectronic Systems (AV2MS): Supply Chain Assurance through Utilization of Side Channel Radio Frequency Emissions for Improved Ground Vehicle Cybersecurity,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 16-18, 2022
ABSTRACT Modern ground vehicles rely on Controller Area Network (CAN) bus for communication between Electronic Control Units (ECUs) as a vital component to connect sensors and actuators together in a mission-critical distributed real-time vehicle control system. CAN is well-suited to this task and over the more than three decades since its inception it has become a proven and ubiquitous technology. But its age means that it was not designed for modern security threats of local and remote attacks and special techniques must be deployed to protect CAN. This paper provides a simple taxonomy of attacks on CAN, including how an attack accesses a CAN bus, and discusses four techniques used to defend against these attacks. Citation: K Tindell, “Defending In-vehicle CAN Buses From Attacks,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 16-18, 2022
ABSTRACT AVL is developing a family of modular Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) based on the current gasoline range extender engine/generator developed by AVL for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. These military specific variants will utilize the same basic architecture as the gasoline version while incorporating semi-direct fuel injection that is compatible with diesel fuel as well as kerosene based fuels such as F-44, JP-5, JP-8, Jet-A, etc. A systems engineering approach to the engine, generator, and power electronics modules enables a wide range of power outputs and packaging options to be easily developed from the base unit
ABSTRACT Future wheeled and tracked military vehicles will be equipped with multiple active chassis control systems, as systems currently in widespread use on passenger and commercial vehicles such as brake-based electronic stability control are implemented on military vehicles. It is essential that these systems work in an integrated fashion to avoid negative interactions between systems. The approach currently used to achieve integrated control in the passenger and commercial vehicle segments requires extensive tuning and development of the individual systems through cooperative efforts of the vehicle and active chassis system manufacturers, an approach that would generally not be feasible in the military vehicle segment. This paper presents a simple approach for achieving integrated control of multiple active chassis systems that is tailored to the unique commercial and developmental challenges faced by military vehicles
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