Browse Topic: Quality assurance

Items (1,509)
ABSTRACT The integration of software into transportation systems is growing and requires the adoption of safety standards and software development systems. There are several different safety standards that could be applied based on the specific category of use. The basic methodologies used in these standards can be applied to any transportation system including Ground Based systems. This paper evaluates two different safety development standards and provides a high level comparison between a well-used standard for aviation and a more recent standard for automotive that can be applied to other transportations systems with no available standards
Crots, KevinSkentzos, PaulBartz, Dan
ABSTRACT This paper describes the results of work performed to assess the use of corrosion product for Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measurements. DIC was recently evaluated for its capability to measure contour, strain and deflection of metals using the corrosion product instead of a painted speckle pattern. The DIC system, consisting of two cameras with zoom lenses, was set up at an angle to the specimen, enabling both cameras to image multiple sides of a specimen simultaneously. This provides a more direct measurement of in-plane and out-of-plane deformation and strains. Aluminum and steel dogbones were placed in a salt spray chamber for up to 10 days. Contour measurements were then taken at various evaluation settings as an initial assessment of the use of the corrosion product for DIC measurements. Multiple tensile tests were then performed to assess the capability of using corrosion product for strain and deflection measurements while a material is under applied load. System
Sia, Bernard
This specification covers metric aircraft quality spacers for use as positioners for tubes, flat washers for use as load spreaders, galling protection of adjacent surfaces and or material compatibility, and key or tab washers for use as locks for bolts, nuts, and screws
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This document establishes age limit and guidance for acceptance of hose and hose assemblies containing elastomeric materials for use in aircraft, space vehicles, missiles and component assemblies thereof at time of delivery to the contractor, procuring activity, or contracting officer. This document does not establish limitations on storage times for military/civil activities nor operating life
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Military performance requirements for adhesives have been traditionally derived to fulfill niche defense needs in harsh operational environments with little consideration for dual-use commercial potential. U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD The term “military-grade” can have a variety of meanings that are perspective dependent. In 2014, Ford Motor Company emphasized the term heavily in advertising campaigns to garner consumer acceptance for the transition from steel to aluminum in the body of their flagship F150 model. As cited by Ford, “Engineers selected these high-strength, military-grade aluminum alloys because of the metals' unique ability to withstand tough customer demands.” From this point-of-view, military-grade implies superior performance. However, the bureaucratic and logistical barriers required for certification to military-grade acceptance levels per DoD performance requirements can also be perceived as impediments to innovation and the transition of fundamental
Due to manifold benefits compared to proprietary software solutions, free and open source software (FOSS) in general, and Linux especially becomes more and more relevant for embedded solutions in the automotive domain, especially in High Performance Computing Platforms (HPC). However, taking over liability and warranty for a FOSS-based problem raises the problem of software quality assurance, and thus risk control. In order to control and minimize the residual risk of a product or service, the traditional and well-accepted measure in the automotive domain is to assess the engineering processes and resulting work products via a process assessment model given by the ASPICE maturity model, as well as requirements from functional safety standards for safety related functions. The underlying process reference model of ASPICE covers software development performed and controlled by an organization. However, this situation is not given by and even contrary to the nature of FOSS development
Schlosser, JoachimKirchmaier, UlrichArmbruster, MichaelLindner, Wolfgang
The use of aluminum to manufacture injection molds aims to maximize the productivity of plastic parts, as its alloys present higher heat conductivity than tool steel alloys. However, it is essential to accurately control the injection molding parameters to assure that the design tolerances are achieved in the final molded plastic part. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the use of aluminum alloys in high-volume production processes. It delves into the correlation between the type of material used for mold production (steel or aluminum) and the thickness of the injected part, and how these variables affect the efficiency of the process in terms of the quantity and quality of the produced parts. The findings suggest that replacing steel molds with aluminum alloys significantly reduces injection molding cycle time, the difference ranging from 57.1% to 72.5%. Additionally, the dimensional accuracy and less distortion provided by aluminum have improved product quality. In case of
Marconi, PedroAmarante, EvandroFerreira, CristianoBeal, ValterRibeiro Júnior, Armando
This specification establishes the design, performance, and test requirements for hydraulic quantity measuring fuses intended to be used for hydraulic circuit protection
A-6C5 Components Committee
This specification covers a carbon steel in the form of wire supplied as coils, spools, or cut lengths (see 8.2
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Liebherr Machines Bulle SA (LMB) designs and produces High-quality diesel engines, injection systems as well as hydraulic components. Liebherr has an Acoustic End of Line (AEOL) system on serial test benches. All engines are measured, and noises are evaluated by operators. This subjective evaluation leads to dispersion on the evaluations, particularly for whining noise. To ensure customer satisfaction, Liebherr wishes to define a new methodology to find a quantitative and objective criterion to set a robust engine noise compliance standard. This new methodology is based on near field microphone measurement of an engine run-down. First, whining noise signatures are extracted from the raw signal. Secondly, psychoacoustic indicators are calculated on the extracted signatures. Thresholds are then established to validate engine deliveries. Finally, this process combining advanced signal processing and psychoacoustics is automated using the Ansys Sound Python library in mass production. All
Akrout, SamirDenisse, RobinDendievel, ClementFineschi, Fabio
Computed Tomography (CT) has become a potent instrument for non-invasive assessment of battery cell integrity, providing detailed insights into their internal structure. The present study explores the capabilities and advantages of employing CT for cell characterization through a systematic evaluation from various parameters. The evaluation results will be based on real-world experiments conducted on a standard battery cell, assessing the CT system’s ability to provide precise internal measurements, detect defects, and ensure the overall integrity of the cell. We outline a comprehensive framework that includes criteria such as system specifications, image quality, software capabilities, maintenance, service, and cost-effectiveness. This framework serves as a valuable guide for battery researchers and quality control professionals, enabling them to make informed decisions when selecting the most suitable CT solution for battery cell characterization, quality assessment, and failure
Singh, Sathya PrakashBaidya, Kapil KrishnaAdhale, Pratik
The evaluations of ride comfort in gear shifting have been known as one of the dominant factors for vehicle quality assessment. However, those factors have not been assessed and analyzed objectively in-depth in conjunction and integration with general ride and handling parameters. In recent, the criteria set by customer have changed on account of heightened expectations, resulting in a growing demand for enhanced ride comfort. the quality of gear shifting experienced by a customer is evaluated subjectively on road leads to difficulty in arriving inferences and taking decisions due to variation in responses of people on the same situation. This study is involved the process of conversion from subjective to objective assessment on gear shifting quality by identifying the objective parameters for contributing the quality of gear shifting feel. Measuring and analyzing those parameters like lever travel, lever effort, and noise while shifting during dynamic condition at vehicle level on
Manoranjan, R.K S, Sreekanth
Manual transmissions are the preferred transmission for drivers who love sporty gear shifts. Manual transmission vehicles are cheaper, very efficient, and offer quick gear shifts. Worldwide manual transmission contributes to 36.15% and in India it contributes overall 80% of today's market share. The customers expect a very smooth gearshift which is a challenge to achieve in all ambient temperatures. In a gear shift event, the synchronizers synchronize the speed of the gears. The force applied at the gear shift knob, generates the cone torque and stops the rotating input shaft for the Neutral (N) to 1 gear shifting. The early morning gear shifts have high gear shift effort. This effort is getting reduced with the increase in temperature. This is due to the drag in the gearbox which is inevitable. This work focuses on improving the very first gear shift event of N to 1 after the engine crank from cold (8°) to hot (80°) condition. The static (engine off) and dynamic (engine on @ idle RPM
K, Barathi RajaKumar, Sabeesh
Manual transmission (MT) is still the most preferred solution for emerging markets due to the lower cost of ownership and maintenance coupled with a higher transmission efficiency. In this regard, continuous improvement of the transmission shift quality is quite essential to meet the growing customer expectations. In the present work, a detailed evaluation of the gear-shift impulse (experienced at the gear-shift knob) is conducted between two different architectures of a manual, high-torque (450 Nm input torque) inline transmission meant for a sports utility vehicle (SUV). The conventional manual inline transmission architecture comprises a common gear pair at the input of the transmission. While this input reduction architecture is the most widely used architecture, having the common gear pair at the output of the transmission is also another option. The synchronizers of the manual transmission need to match the speed of the rotating components just before the gear-shifting event. The
K, Barathi RajaKumar, AneeshR, ManikandanOstwal, Amit
Non-destructive evaluation of aircraft production is optimized and digitalized with Industry 4.0. The aircraft structures produced using fiber metal laminate are traditionally inspected using water-coupled ultrasound scans and manually evaluated. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Augsburg, Germany Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a typical Non-destructive testing (NDT) method for examining the structural components for aircraft production. Manufacturing aircraft made of fiber metal laminates (FML) includes cascaded steps such as placement of aluminum, glass prepreg, adhesive, doublers, stringers, vacuum bagging and curing in an autoclave. Quality control (QC) is performed first at the layup of the component (without stringers) after curing and the quality assessment is visually evaluated. The manually performed examination of anomalies is very time-consuming. In addition, conducted NDT inspection using a manual UT phased array for Glass Reinforced (GLARER) FML of A380, it lacked the high
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a typical Non-destructive testing (NDT) method for examining the structural components for aircraft production. Manufacturing aircraft made of fiber metal laminates (FML) includes cascaded steps such as placement of aluminum, glass prepreg, adhesive, doublers, stringers, vacuum bagging and curing in an autoclave. Quality control (QC) is performed first at the layup of the component (without stringers) after curing and the quality assessment is visually evaluated. The manually performed examination of anomalies is very time-consuming. In addition, conducted NDT inspection using a manual UT phased array for Glass Reinforced (GLARE®) FML of A380, it lacked the high capacity of data and additionally an evaluation software
This specification covers quality assurance sampling and testing procedures used to determine conformance to applicable material specifications of corrosion- and heat-resistant steel and alloy forgings
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis have made it possible to conduct elemental analysis on a variety of fields, including those with environmental, automotive, geological, chemical, pharmaceutical, archaeology, and biological origins. The ability of EDXRF to deliver quick, non-destructive, and multi-elemental analytical findings with increased sensitivity is of great importance. It is a vital tool for quality control and quality assurance applications. Thus, EDXRF plays an important role to compare batch-to-batch products for meeting quality standards. This paper presents application of EDXRF as an effective tool for quick qualitative and quantitative evaluation of given samples. A few simple case studies demonstrating application of EDXRF are presented, which includes identification of the filler contained in the polymer, coating thickness, elemental composition of the particulate matter collected on filter paper, multi-element analysis of printed circuit boards (PCB
Patil, YaminiBawase, MoqtikThipse, Sukrut S
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Vacuum suction cups are used as transforming handles in stamping lines, which are essential in developing automation and mechanization. However, the vacuum suction cup will crack due to fatigue or long-term operation or installation angle, which directly affects production productivity and safety. The better design will help increase the cups' service life. If the location of stress concentration can be predicted, this can prevent the occurrence of cracks in advance and effectively increase the service life. However, the traditional strain measurement technology cannot meet the requirements of tracking large-field stains and precise point tracking simultaneously in the same area, especially for stacking or narrow parts of the suction cups. The application must allow multiple measurements of hidden component strain information in different fields of view, which would add cost. In this study, a unique multi-camera three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) system was designed
Guo, BichengZheng, XiaowanFang, SiyuanYang, Lianxiang
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy, heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a carbon steel in the form of strip
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy, heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welded tubing
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
The main purpose of this research is to identify how the established quality methodologies, known worldwide as TQC (Total Quality Control) and TQM (Total Quality Management) are supported by the tools of the Quality 4.0 concept that similarly received influence from the disruptive technologies of Industry 4.0 in the last decade. In order to crosscheck the relationship among TQC and TQM and how Quality 4.0 supports these quality systems a qualitative investigation method was adopted through a survey questionnaire applied to one of the most important worldwide automobile company, based also in Brazil, Toyota of Brazil. Based on a literature review and relationship of concepts and synergy among them it was possible analyse and find out conclusions of this research work. The main results were identified as TQC and TQM are very well established concepts of quality and Quality 4.0 concepts and tools have been implemented on a path according to the markets importance prioritization, so then
da Silva Bento, NelsonCavalcanti Bortoleto, WilliamIbusuki, Ugo
This specification covers quality assurance sampling and testing procedures used to determine conformance to applicable material specification requirements of wrought carbon and low-alloy steel products and of forging stock
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 1.500 to 6.000 inches (38.1 to 152.40 mm) thick (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of wire supplied as coils, spools, and straight lengths
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant nickel-copper alloy in the form of wire 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) in diameter and larger
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 0.750 to 1.500 inch (19.05 to 38.10 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate with nominal thickness from 1.000 to 5.000 inches (25.40 to 127.00 mm), inclusive (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, maraging alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, flash welded rings up through 10.000 inches (254.00 mm), inclusive, in diameter or least distance between parallel sides and stock of any size for forging or flash welded rings
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This specification establishes the acceptance criteria and inspection requirements for adhesive-bonded sandwich structures including the metal-to-metal bonding found in these structures, but usage is not limited to such applications and each application should be considered individually
AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of two types of welding wire
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers aluminum in the form of foil and light gage sheet
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The dimensional quality of the car body is built on quality management of form, fitment, and functional requirements. Each of these attributes reflects the final product quality and, therefore, needs to be ascertained quantitatively. Design intent and functionality conformance with specifications are paramount to performance, and thus quality. It is accomplished through optimal Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing of parts (GD&T), datum/Primary Locating Points (PLP) strategy, tricks/levers, and assembly design. Challenges stem from the complexity involved in the datum layout strategy and its optimization for desired deviations. Incorrect datum schemes in design prompt underconstrained fixtures, redundant datum, the sensitivity of datum layout, etc. and induce defects in later stages. The end effect is smoothing out the variation issues leading to compromise in quality. Hence, robust datum schemes and checks become imperative for high-quality standards, and keep components within
Singh, KirtiBhise, AmitKshirsagar, SarangKavthekar, NavalkumarRayjade, PrashantSahu, Dilip KumarLokhande, Amar S.
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of flat wire 0.005 to 0.095 inch (0.13 to 2.41 mm) thick, inclusive
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of seamless tubing
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
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