This specification defines limits of variation for determining acceptability of composition of cast and wrought corrosion and heat-resistant steels and alloys, maraging and other highly alloyed steels, and iron alloy parts and materials acquired from a producer.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Nickel-Copper Alloy, Corrosion Resistant, Tubing, Seamless 67Ni - 31Cu Annealed

AMS4574F (Current)

6/15/2026

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant nickel-copper alloy in the form of seamless tubing.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Carburizing and Heat Treatment of Carburizing Grade Steel Parts

AMS2759/7F (Current)

6/15/2026

This specification, in conjunction with the general requirements for steel heat treatment covered in AMS2759, establishes the requirements and procedures for three classes of gas, vacuum, liquid, and low-pressure carburizing (LPC) and related heat treatment of parts fabricated from carburizing-grade steels. Parts made from steels other than those specified in the detail specifications may be heat treated in accordance with the applicable requirements using processing temperatures, times, and other parameters recommended by the material producer. This specification does not cover pack carburizing.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Aluminum Alloy Castings, 7.0Si - 0.58Mg - 0.15Ti (E357.0-T6), Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated

AMS4288A (Current)

6/15/2026

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of castings (see 8.10).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Steel, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Forging Stock, 1.4Mn - 1.5Si - 0.30Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.40Mo (0.23 - 0.28C) (HY-TUF), Premium Aircraft-Quality, Consumable Electrode Vacuum Melted

AMS6425G (Current)

6/15/2026

This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, and mechanical tubing 225 square inches (1452 cm2) and under in cross-sectional area and forging stock of any size.

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Challenges in Predicting Fatigue Damage during Agricultural Operations: Insights from Machine Learning Models

02-19-03-0017

6/10/2026

Agricultural vehicles operating in rough environments experience increased fatigue damage accumulation, which may decrease machine safety and reliability. Autonomous agricultural machines offer an opportunity to incorporate fatigue damage considerations into path planning. This work investigates whether machine learning can predict fatigue damage to a tractor chassis using light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-based terrain features, vehicle speed, and rotational vehicle state data (e.g., triaxial angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration). Fatigue damage was estimated using the Rupp filter and the Durability Transfer Concept. Following poor predictive performance of the machine learning models, an exploratory analysis of damage histograms, dominant frequency, and acceleration magnitude was performed. Results indicated that most estimated fatigue damage occurred in the 0–2 Hz band, which coincides with the frequency range of terrain-induced acceleration. On-road driving led to

Govers, Megan Emily, Hamilton-Wright, Andrew, Hassan, Marwan, Oliver, Michele L.

Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Tape Epoxy Repair Prepreg, Vacuum Curing Part 2 - Qualification Program for Fiber, Carbon Fiber Tape Prepreg, and Film Adhesive

AMS6885/2 (Current)

6/10/2026

AMS6885/2 gives specific information about the qualification program for unidirectional carbon fiber tape epoxy repair prepreg capable of curing under vacuum for repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures. The prepreg system shall include an epoxy film adhesive to be applied in a co-bonding process with the prepreg for solid laminate and sandwich bonding.

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Tape Epoxy Repair Prepreg, Vacuum Curing Part 0 - Introduction

AMS6885 (Current)

6/10/2026

This document (Technical Specification) gives information about qualification rules and the relation between the different specification parts involved, such as the Technical Specification (TS), the Material Specification (MS), and the Purchasing Specifications (PS).

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Tape Epoxy Repair Prepreg, Vacuum Curing Part 1 - General Requirements

AMS6885/1 (Current)

6/10/2026

AMS6885/1 gives information about the technical requirements and qualification procedure for unidirectional carbon fiber tape epoxy repair prepreg capable of curing under vacuum for repair of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy structures. The repair system includes an epoxy film adhesive to be applied in a co-bonding process with the prepreg for solid laminate and sandwich bonding.

AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee

Aircraft Surface Coating Interaction with Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids

AIR6232 (Current)

6/10/2026

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides descriptions of test methods for determining if an aircraft surface coating of any thickness has adverse effects on aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids with respect to fluid holdover time performance and aerodynamic performance. Although not the primary mandate of the G-12 Aircraft Ground Deicing Committee, this document also provides descriptions of suggested test methods for evaluating aircraft surface coatings with respect to durability, hardness, weathering, aerodynamic drag, ice adhesion, ice accumulation, contact angle, and thermal conductivity. These additional tests can provide informational data for characterizing the coatings and may be useful to operators when evaluating the coatings.

G-12ADF Aircraft Deicing Fluids

A Predictive Methodology for 3D-CFD Simulation of Piston Thermal Field in Sustainable High-Performance Engines

2026-37-0002

6/9/2026

In recent years, especially in high-performance spark-ignition engines, the thermal stress of pistons has gradually increased due to the implementation of various technologies, aimed at meeting emission reduction and specific power increase requirements. If the heat is not properly dissipated, cracking and plastic deformation of the material as well as formation of hot spots triggering pre-ignition in the combustion chamber mixture can occur. This last aspect is even more true considering innovative fuels such as hydrogen. To overcome these problems, one or more jets of oil are directed towards the piston under-crown region, impacting at high speed. This technique ensures immediate cooling and allows the engine performance to be increased without compromising the useful life. In order to optimize the oil jet effectiveness, 3D-CFD can be proficiently adopted. In this regard, the aim of this work is to define a robust numerical methodology able to simulate oil jet impingement and piston

Duni, Andrea, Berni, Fabio, Breda, Sebastiano, Fontanesi, Stefano, Gilioli, Filippo

Improvement of rCF Behaviour through the Introduction of NF

2026-37-0039

6/9/2026

This study investigates the structural improvement of recycled carbon fibre composites through hybridisation with continuous flax fibres to address sustainability concerns and performance limitations. Recycled carbon fibres, while environmentally beneficial, suffer from short, randomized orientations and lower mechanical properties limiting their application beyond decorative uses. This research explores whether incorporating unidirectional flax fibres can enhance rCF behaviour for structural applications. Six hybrid composite layup variants and two plain composites were manufactured using cold compression moulding with Ampro Bio Resin. Each hybrid configuration comprised eight layers, divided into four layers of recycled carbon and four layers of flax fibres oriented at 0°. Complete mechanical characterization was performed following ISO standards for tensile (ISO 527), flexural (ISO 178), and impact (ISO 179) testing. Results demonstrated significant performance improvements in

Hnatyk, Dawid, Chrysanthou, Andreas, De Vuyst, Tom, Ismail, Sikiru

Design-Driven Sustainability of Automotive Components: A Comparative LCA from Conventional to Metal and Composite Additive Manufacturing

2026-37-0037

6/9/2026

The increasing pressure to decarbonize manufacturing systems is pushing industry beyond conventional lightweighting strategies toward material and process paradigms, capable of delivering functional performance with radically lower environmental impact. In this context, polymer-based composite Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers an underexplored yet highly promising pathway for sustainable production of load-bearing components. This study presents a preliminary comparative cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Formula SAE brake pedal, assessing the environmental transition from conventional sheet metal fabrication and finishing operations of Aluminum 7075-T6 to additive manufacturing solutions, with specific focus on Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites. Two topology-optimized designs, respectively for Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) in AlSi10Mg and Material Extrusion (MEX) in Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol with Carbon Fiber (PETG-CF) are compared to conventional

Dalpadulo, Enrico, Russo, Mario, Apté MD, Raphaëlle, Leali, Francesco

Electrical and Copper Compatibility Studies of Transmission Lubricants for Advanced Electric Vehicles

2026-01-5036

6/3/2026

Improved energy efficiency and lower CO2 emissions are the two major drivers for the emergence of E-mobility. Growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has sustained ever since their introduction till 2020 and has substantially increased thereafter. EVs require specialized lubricants, which are different from conventional lubricants mainly due to the addition of new hardware technology including e-motor, inverter, battery, and new materials (copper windings, elastomers, plastic, and other materials). Lubricant when used in an advanced powertrain electric vehicle specifically in E-powertrains may encounter the e-motor and must deliver unique performance attributes such as optimal electrical properties, thermal management, and material compatibility apart from the traditional features including extreme pressure, friction performance, oxidation, and wear control. In the current study, we have investigated conventional GL5, manual transmission fluid (MTF), automatic transmission fluid (ATF), and

Katta, Lakshmi, Seth, Sarita, Singh, Sandeep, Bhardwaj, Anil, Arora, Ajay Kumar

Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Wire, 18Cr - 9.0Ni (302), Spring Temper

AMS5688N (Current)

6/1/2026

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of wire.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Investigation of Aluminium Alloy Composites Reinforced with Zirconium oxide and Solid Lubricant Attributes for Brake and Clutch Components of Aircrafts

2026-26-0752

6/1/2026

For brake and clutch components of aircraft vehicles which require higher mechanical strength and wear resilient, light-weight aluminium composites were developed infusing solid lubricant. In this study, hybrid composites were developed using powder metallurgy route with aluminum alloy AA356 and various amounts of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) as reinforcements. A solid lubricant hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) at a fixed 5 wt.% is considered. Following the appropriate ASTM guidelines, the specimens were mechanically characterized by measuring their density, porosity, micro-hardness, compression strength, impact strength, and flexural strength, among other properties. The findings showed that the composites' mechanical and physical behaviour were greatly affected by the inclusion of ZrO2. Porosity increased as a result of particle clustering and interfacial voids, while density increased gradually as ceramic content increased. Consistently increasing ZrO2 addition

Senthilkumar, N.

Wear Resilience Characteristics of Silicon Nitride Strengthened AZ31 Magnesium Composite

2026-26-0740

6/1/2026

To develop magnesium matrix composites, ceramic silicon nitride (Si3N4) particles are added to the magnesium (AZ31) matrix at 2 wt.%. The composite is produced via disintegrated melt deposition vacuum-stir-casting procedure. Microstructural studies reveal the presence of Si3N4 particles and their uniform spreading. An L9 orthogonal array, planned using Taguchi’s experimental design, is selected for three wear parameters; axial load (AL), rotational speed (RS), and time duration (TD) with trials as per the G99 standard in the pin-on-disc apparatus to assess the wear resilient of the composite. Experimental results show an increase in axial stress, and wear loss (WL) increases dramatically. Because the area of contact shrinks as RS increases, WL diminishes dramatically. When the AL is low, the friction coefficient (CoF) increases, and when the AL is large, CoF drops. When the RS is increased, CoF decreases. To optimize multiple responses effectively, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order

Senthilkumar, N., Dhinakar Raj, C K

Hybrid Digital Twin for Aero-Engine Bearing Prognostics: A Physics-Informed Machine Learning Approach to RUL Prediction

2026-26-0718

6/1/2026

Unscheduled maintenance due to the failure of critical components, such as aero-engine rolling element bearings, is a leading cause of costly Aircraft-on-Ground (AOG) events; consequently, current time-based maintenance practices are inefficient and prone to risk. This paper develops a resource-efficient Hybrid Digital Twin (HDT) model for an engine bearing, focusing on the dynamic prediction of spall growth due to Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF), thereby enabling a condition-based maintenance paradigm. The HDT architecture integrates two core models: (1) a physics-informed model that uses established life and fatigue theory to define initial degradation thresholds, and (2) a data-driven Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), specifically a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, for dynamic degradation rate modeling. The methodology utilizes a Monte Carlo simulation coupled with RCF progression equations to generate a large, high-fidelity synthetic run-to-failure dataset under varying

Mohamed, Abbas

Porosity Matters: Multiscale Simulation of Composite Panel Performance in Aerospace Structures

2026-26-0731

6/1/2026

Porosity in carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) remains a critical concern for aerospace engineers, as even minor voids introduced during manufacturing can undermine the reliability of structural components. This work explores the influence of Interply porosity on composite panel behavior, employing a multiscale simulation approach that bridges material characterization and full-scale structural analysis. The study begins with virtual coupon testing using Digimat-VA and Digimat-MF, enabling the prediction of material allowable and the assessment of defect variability. Homogenized material properties derived from these simulations are then applied to detailed panel models constructed in MSC Apex, ensuring accurate representation of layup and orthotropic behavior. The workflow can support a range of structural load cases, allowing for the evaluation of stiffness, buckling, or other relevant scenarios as dictated by aerospace certification requirements. Nonlinear finite element

Savane, Vishal, Kumar, Rajat

Non-Intrusive Fatigue Detection for Pilots

2026-26-0793

6/1/2026

Pilot fatigue represents a critical concern in aviation safety, as it can significantly impair cognitive functions, decision-making abilities, and reaction times. In addition to decreasing performance, in-flight chronic fatigue has negative long-term health effects. Possible causes of fatigue include sleep loss, extended time awake, circadian phase irregularities and workload. Conventionally, the risk due to fatigue in aerospace is reduced by flight time limits and controlled rest requirements. Despite regulations limiting flight time and enabling optimal rostering, fatigue cannot be prevented completely. Hence, there is need to detect pilot fatigue in real time. There is ongoing research to detect pilot fatigue using devices that can capture Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG). Though these devices have high fidelity, they are intrusive and can limit pilot activity. This limitation could potentially be overcome by non-intrusive devices such as a smart watch/wrist

Nyamagoudar, Vinayak, P R, Namratha, Ramachandran, Venkataramani

Lightweight Magnesium Nanocomposites with Enhanced Wear Resistance for Landing Gear Application

2026-26-0751

6/1/2026

This study systematically evaluated the wear resilient performance of AZ61 magnesium alloy reinforced with 15 wt.% SiC and diverse amounts of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) under dry sliding circumstances adopting pin-on-disc apparatus (ASTM G99). To identify the influence of factors like sliding speed (SS) (1-3 m/s), axial load (AL) (10-30 N), and MWCNT concentration (0-3 wt.%) that affect tribological performance, experiments were developed using a Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM). SEM micrographs revealed a dispersion optimum near 2 wt.% MWCNT, where CNTs anchor to SiC and bridge the α-Mg matrix, while 3 wt.% shows agglomerates and micro-voids. Findings showed that wear loss (WL) and friction coefficient (CoF) was greatly amplified by increasing AL owing to localized heating and contact stresses. A compacted tribolayer was formed by increasing SS, which decreased WL but marginally raised the CoF. At low AL (10 N), SS (2.09 m/s), and

Senthilkumar, N.

Predictive Model and Analysis of the Resultant Force in the Dry Machining of Mg-4Zn/Si ₃ N ₄ Nanocomposites

2026-26-0762

6/1/2026

The development of lightweight materials for use in aerospace and automotive applications is extremely significant. Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys and composites are good candidate materials from the perspective of low density, good specific strength, and abundance. The Mg-4Zn alloy is one such alloy, which is a lightweight, biocompatible, and eco-friendly Mg-based alloy. In spite of these advantages, there is a strong need and scope to improve its wear resistance and mechanical properties. Mg-4Zn nanocomposites with Si3N4 reinforcements (a biocompatible bioceramic) are hypothesized to possess superior properties. Microstructural analysis of the vacuum stir-cast nanocomposites confirms grain refinement and a consequent increase in microhardness with an increase in Si3N4 reinforcement wt.%. The addition of Si3N4 reinforcement to improve the properties of the Mg-4Zn alloy could introduce challenges in machining. To make products from the nanocomposites, machining them with minimal

N, Anand, Shaju, Tony M, G, Nagamalleswara Rao, D, Bijulal, K, Jayaprakash Reddy, K, Vijayan, Chaman, Joji J

Evaluation of Thermal Behaviour of Ramie Fiber/Delrin Composites for Aircraft Cabin Components

2026-26-0754

6/1/2026

This research investigates the fabrication and evaluation of Delrin (polyoxymethylene, POM) composites reinforcing 5-20 wt.% chopped ramie fiber (RF). The polymer composites were fabricated via the injection moulding technique. Glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal conductivity, Vicat softening temperature (VST), heat deflection temperature (HDT), melt flow index (MFI), and coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) were the various thermal characteristics of the sustainable composites that were systematically evaluated as per the ASTM standards. The addition of RF drastically altered the Delrin matrix's performance. Among the formulations, the composite with 15 wt.% RF had the best combination of properties: higher VST and HDT values, which provide greater dimensional stability at high temperatures; lower CLTE, resulting in less thermal expansion; comparatively better thermal conductivity; and improved heat dissipation. Eventually, there was a moderate drop in the MFI

S, Thirumalvalavan, Senthilkumar, N., Selvarasu, S

Augmented Reality and Multimodal Interfaces for Astronaut Training and In-Orbit Operations

2026-26-0796

6/1/2026

Augmented Reality (AR) and multimodal human–machine interfaces (MMI)— combining visual overlays, voice, gesture, eye- tracking, and biometric sensing—are maturing into flight-relevant technologies capable of transforming astronaut training and in-orbit operations. These interfaces can reduce task time, lower procedural errors, and mitigate cognitive workload, thereby strengthening crew autonomy and mission safety. Global operational experiences from International Space Station (ISS) augmented- reality trials and related international programs are synthesized to inform the proposed system architecture and validation framework: (i) an overview of India’s current AR/MMI-related ecosystem relevant to human spaceflight, including astronaut training pipelines and research collaborations; (ii) a mission-grade AR/MMI system architecture and multimodal fusion/decision logic suitable for human-rated operations; (iii) algorithms and programming examples for AR-driven finite-state-machine (FSM

Yadav, Anoop Singh

Assessment of Injection Gate Location Effects on Mechanical Performance of Short Fiber Reinforced Plastic Components Using Digimat

2026-26-0746

6/1/2026

The mechanical performance of short fiber-reinforced plastic (SFRP) components is highly sensitive to fiber orientation, which is significantly influenced by the injection gate location during the molding process. Traditionally, gate placement decisions are driven by warpage minimization strategies, often overlooking mechanical performance under diverse load cases. This research introduces an automated workflow within Digimat-MS that integrates injection gate optimization into the early design phase, leveraging Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) principles. The proposed methodology enables engineers to upload either Marc, Abaqus or Ansys input decks, select a component of interest, assign material cards, and define gate scenarios. A Design of Experiments (DOE) is then executed locally or remotely, allowing Digimat to evaluate multiple gate configurations. The system aggregates results and identifies optimal gate locations based on the initiation of failure under

Kauthale, Tanmay, Madhavan, Vinay, Soni, Ganesh

Investigating the Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of Bamboo Fiber-Marine Waste Reinforced Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composites for Light Weight Applications

2026-26-0733

6/1/2026

This study investigates the corrosion behaviour of bamboo-crab shell fortified polymer matrix hybrid composites. Three unique hybrid composites were created utilizing the hand layup approach, with epoxy as the matrix material, 15 wt.% bamboo fibers (BFs), and varying quantities (3, 6, and 9 wt. %) of marine resource crab shell (CS). Electrochemical corrosion tests were utilized to evaluate the hybrid sustainable composite's corrosion behaviour. The testing results reveal that epoxy-15 wt.%BF-6 wt.%CS (P2) composite has better corrosion resistance than epoxy-15 wt.%BF-3 wt.%CS (P1) and epoxy-15 wt.%BF-9 wt.%CS (P3). A potentiodynamic polarization test revealed an icorr value roughly five times lower than P1 and three times lower than P3 composites. Furthermore, the Nyquist plot obtained from the EIS study revealed that the P2 composite has a larger capacity loop than the P1 and P3 composites. It also indicates that the P2 composite is more resistant to corrosion than the other two. The

Senthilkumar, N., Srinivasan, D, G, Perumal, Balakrishnan, Deepanraj

Novel Material Architecture for Enhanced High Cycle Fatigue Life in Turbofan Engine Fan Blades

2026-26-0748

6/1/2026

High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) is a critical failure mode in turbofan blades, primarily driven by resonance phenomena when the blade’s natural frequency aligns with engine-induced excitations. Traditional approaches to mitigate HCF often involve geometric modifications or damping treatments, which can adversely affect aerodynamic performance or increase component weight. This study explores alternative methodologies to strategically alter the natural frequency of turbofan blades while maintaining aerodynamic efficiency and structural integrity. A novel material architecture is proposed, consisting of a dual-metallic configuration with a high-stiffness core and a lightweight, fatigue-resistant outer shell. This design enables precise tuning of the blade’s dynamic response by leveraging the contrasting mechanical properties of the core and outer materials. The dual-metallic structure shifts the natural frequency away from critical excitation zones, thereby reducing the risk of resonance

S, Ravivarman, Inamdar, Prachi, De, Rohit

Reducing Test Campaigns through Advanced Yield Surface Modeling for New Aircraft Metal Grades

2026-26-0755

6/1/2026

Qualification of new aerospace alloys requires extensive mechanical testing to capture anisotropy and ensure reliable performance under complex loading conditions. This process is costly and time-consuming, particularly with emerging manufacturing routes such as additive manufacturing. Advanced yield surface prediction offers a route to reduce test campaigns by linking microstructural features to macroscopic constitutive models. In this work, Digimat is employed as a multi-scale material modeling platform to generate yield surfaces of polycrystalline metals using computational homogenization. Representative volume elements (RVEs) are constructed from experimental texture and grain morphology data, and their response under multiaxial loading is simulated using a crystal plasticity framework. The computed yield loci are then fitted with phenomenological functions (e.g. Yld2000-2D), enabling calibration of anisotropic yield models from virtual testing. As a case study, an AA6016-T4 sheet

Padhan, Manas, Uppaluri, Rohith, Lemoine, Guerric, Soni, Ganesh

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Composites through Addition of Graphene Oxide

2026-26-0753

6/1/2026

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) demand structural materials that are lightweight, strong, impact-resistant, and durable in diverse environments. The synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites have varying mechanical performance depending on the fiber matrix interfacial properties. This research analyzes the influence of Graphene Oxide (GO) nano fillers on mechanical properties of composites. Firstly, the epoxy resin was modified by incorporating different weight percentage of Graphene Oxide. This resin was used to make an composite laminate using different materials (Carbon, Glass and combination of these fibers). Then the composites were put through the tensile, compression, flexural tests. The synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites have a significant improvement in mechanical properties due to the addition of Graphene Oxide.

Manoharan, Dinesh, Langford, Peter, M.K., Padmanabhan, R, Prithviraj, Rajkumar, Subbiah, Karthikeyan, Ravikumar, Veeramuthu, Balasubramaniyan, Gunaseelan, John, T, Thangaraj

Finite Element Approach for Fatigue Life Prediction of Threaded Bolts with Experimental Validation

2026-26-0745

6/1/2026

Predicting the fatigue life of threaded bolts is crucial in aerospace and mechanical assemblies where cyclic loading can cause early joint failure. Existing studies, like [1], have created S-N curves for high-strength bolts under different pretension and temperature conditions through experimentation. However, there are few numerical methods that can replicate these results, especially for bolts without pretension. This study develops and validates a finite element analysis (FEA) methodology to predict the fatigue performance of pretensioned threaded bolts under axial loading, using the experimentally derived Series-2 S-N data for M20 high-strength bolts with pretension. The approach employs a detailed 3D solid model with explicit thread geometry and a two-step transient structural analysis. This first simulates the bolt tightening process to establish a realistic preload, followed by the application of a service tensile load. Local stress distributions are analyzed to extract peak

K R, Lesanth, S, Suhail Ahmed, C, Arunvetrivel, P, Krishnakumar, P S, Premkumar, Vasantharaj, C

Design Optimization of Aircraft Light Optics: Eliminating Fasteners by Flexure-Based Clamp to Mitigate the Crack Formation and Validation through HALT

2026-26-0750

6/1/2026

Aircraft lighting systems play a vital role in ensuring operational safety, visibility, and regulatory compliance. Exterior lighting systems are essential for aircraft identification, navigation, collision avoidance, and ground operations under varying environmental conditions. These systems typically include navigation lights, anti-collision lights, landing and taxi lights. An aircraft lighting system comprises light sources, optical elements, electronic control units, power interfaces, wiring harnesses, and mechanical mounting structures. Among these components, optics are critical as they control light distribution, intensity, color accuracy, and efficiency while withstanding harsh aerospace environments such as vibration, thermal cycling, and aerodynamic loads. Aircraft exterior lights are subjected to severe thermo-mechanical stresses due to aerodynamic loading, vibration, and thermal cycling. The use of high-performance optical polymers such as Cyclo Olefin Polymers (COP

Vialta, Frederico, S, Nikhil, Katageri, Praveen, SP, Pradeep, Singh, Abhimanyu Kumar

Occupant Sex Equity and Vehicle Safety: Historical Activities, Research, and Countermeasure

2026-22-0002

5/28/2026

Since 2019, sex equity in traffic crashes has been a highly debated topic in vehicle safety, especially following the 2019 study by Forman et al. (1) claiming that female occupants face a 73 percent greater risk of serious injury in frontal crashes compared to male occupants. This was soon followed by a Consumer Reports Article by Keith Barry (2), which attempted to identify underlying factors contributing to the higher risk. These have been embraced by several parties since 2019. Firstly, it was alleged that vehicle design practice over the last four decades considered safety for the male population only and ignored that of the female as evidenced by the exclusive use of the mid-sized male Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) in Regulatory and Safety Ratings tests and not with an average sized female ATD. The absence of such an ATD for testing of vehicles “set the course for four decades’ worth of car safety design, with deadly consequences” (2). Secondly, although there is a

Prasad, Priya, Dalmotas, Dainius J.

Standard Contaminant for Testing Aerospace Cleaners

AMS7201 (Current)

5/27/2026

This specification establishes requirements for a standard contaminant that can be used to represent typical soils encountered in aerospace cleaning. This standard contaminant consists of materials that are common contaminants found in aircraft maintenance depots and manufacturing facilities.

AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee

Aluminum Alloy Sheet, 2.7Cu - 2.2Li - 0.12Zr (2090-T83), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Precipitation Heat Treated

AMS4251D (Current)

5/26/2026

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.040 to 0.249 inch (1.02 to 6.32 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.7).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Fabrication of Ultrathin Polyimide Optical Filter Films

2026-99-1711

5/22/2026

Polyimides are a class of polymers with imide rings in their main chains. They are renowned for their exceptional mechanical properties, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature endurance, and resistance to chemical solvents, which allow for long-term use under harsh medical operating conditions. Consequently, research on polyimide films has garnered widespread attention. In this study, a two-step method was employed to simplify and optimize the preparation process of polyimide. Initially, a polyamic acid (PAA) solution was prepared, and PAA films were fabricated using a spin coater. Subsequently, the films were imidized to obtain polyimide (PI) films. The impact of various parameters, such as spinning speed, layer number, and temperature, on the film-forming properties of polyimide was investigated using the method of controlling variables. The findings indicate that by setting the spin coater parameters to 700 revolutions per minute (r/min) for 90 seconds, followed by a

Huang, Jiehao, Xu, Zihui, Zhao, Kaihong, Lin, Qiting, Hu, Wenzhong, Wang, Liying

Study on Impact Resistance of Sandwich-Structured Battery Protection Panels

2026-99-1728

5/22/2026

With new energy vehicles developing rapidly, battery safety, as an important part of the impact on the range of new energy vehicles and vehicle safety, has become the focus of attention. The battery pack protection plate is a core component to protect the battery, its performance needs not only impact resistance, but also lightweight, honeycomb sandwich structure with its excellent energy absorption characteristics and weight reduction performance by the battery pack protection plate performance research. At present, the core-to-face sheet interaction in conventional sandwich structures subjected to impact loads has not been fully elucidated, and the quantitative characterization of damage is insufficient, so this paper aims to optimize the lightweight impact-resistant structure by exploring the synergistic energy dissipation mechanism between the high-strength core material and the steel plate. The study combines theory and simulation, adopting ideal rigid-plastic film theory to

Zhang, Guanghao, Zhang, Mingming, Luo, Changjie, Zhou, Jun, Zhang, Fengqiang, Yu, Wenze, Li, Jiongfeng, Guo, Qingrong

Design And Analysis of Low-Temperature Liquid Nitrogen Tank Car

2026-99-1712

5/22/2026

The design and analysis of the wave plate of the tank body of the low-temperature liquid nitrogen tank car are carried out. According to the design method of the empirical formula, the 0.43 MPa low-temperature mobile liquid nitrogen tank body wave plate with the working temperature of -196°C to -178°C is optimized. According to the analysis and design standards, the stress distribution law of the mobile liquid nitrogen tank body under the forward impact condition is analyzed by the method of numerical analysis. The results show that the stress value will gradually increase near the junction of the tank body and the support, and the parts such as the head, the pad, the angle steel ring, and the Z3848 glass steel pipe meet the requirements of the analysis and design standards. At the same time, the first six orders of the natural mode vibration frequency of the tank body are analyzed, which provides a reliable and effective data analysis for the optimization design of the low-temperature

Ding, Xuqiang, Ni, Yiwei, Gu, Chen, Yan, Dongdong, Xu, Zhiquan, Wang, Qi

Columbium (Niobium) Alloy Bars, Rods, and Extrusions 10Hf - 1.0Ti, Recrystallization Annealed

AMS7857D (Current)

5/20/2026

This specification covers a columbium (niobium) alloy in the form of bars, rods, and extrusions.

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

Columbium (Niobium) Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 10Hf - 1.0Ti

AMS7852D (Current)

5/19/2026

This specification covers a columbium (niobium) alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

Advanced Composites Prepreg - Nominal 250 °F (121 °C) Cure - 12K Tow Carbon Fiber and Epoxy Resin, Plain Weave Fabric

AMS3914B (Current)

5/15/2026

The intent of this specification is for the procurement of plain weave fabric epoxy prepreg product with 250 °F (121 °C) cure for aerospace applications; therefore, no qualification or equivalency threshold values are provided. Users that intend to conduct a new material qualification or equivalency program must refer to the production quality assurance section (see 4.3).

AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee

Fatigue Resistance of High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Vessels with Aluminum Liner

2026-99-0731

5/15/2026

Although carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum-lined hydrogen storage vessels (Type III) exhibit outstanding specific strength and specific stiffness, the constraints imposed by their design parameters on fatigue performance and ultimate load-bearing capacity remain incompletely elucidated. We propose a fatigue life prediction method for high-pressure vessels that couples progressive damage in the fiber composite with cumulative damage in the metallic liner, aimed at forecasting the fatigue performance of Type III pressure vessels under cyclic loading. Furthermore, a finite element analysis systematically investigates the influence of key design parameters, for nominal pressure, liner diameter and liner thickness, on fatigue performance and ultimate load-bearing capacity. Results indicate that fatigue life significantly decreases with increasing nominal pressure and liner diameter, with nominal pressure exerting a more pronounced effect. Notably, altering the autoclave pressure alone cannot

Bi, Zhihai, Zhang, Qian

A High-Sensitivity and High-Throughput Inductive Sensor for Abrasive Particle Detection Using Rectangular Coils

2026-99-0757

5/15/2026

The analysis of wear particles within machinery lubricants constitutes a critical methodology for assessing equipment health and enabling the early identification of potential failures. However, conventional inductive abrasive particle sensors typically exhibit lower detection sensitivity compared to other sensing technologies, limiting their practical application in precision condition monitoring. To address this limitation, this paper introduces an inductive abrasive particle sensor with enhanced sensitivity and throughput, employing rectangular coils, together with a custom-designed signal conditioning circuit. The sensor features two symmetrically arranged rectangular excitation coils and two symmetrically arranged rectangular sensing coils, with their respective axes mutually perpendicular. This unique spatial configuration not only ensures strong magnetic field intensity within the detection region but also significantly enhances magnetic field utilization efficiency. The sensing

Jiang, Ziyang, Qian, Min, Huang, Honglian, Lu, Yanlu, Zhang, Junjian, Pan, Chengliang

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