Browse Topic: Tensile strength

Items (11,574)

Structural Strength Evaluation of the Lightweight Frame of Bus Passenger Seat with High-Tensile Material and Analysis of the Importance of Independent Variables by Regression

02-18-04-0022

05/10/2025

This study aims to develop a lightweight bus passenger seat frame by conducting structural nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) on various thickness combinations of seat frame components to identify the optimal configuration. The thicknesses of critical structural members that primarily bear the load when force is applied to the seat frame were selected as independent variables, while stress on each component and compliance with ECE R14 seatbelt anchorage displacement regulations were set as dependent variables. A regression analysis was performed to calculate the importance of each component and analyze the influence of each design variable on the dependent variables. Strain gauges were attached to critical areas of the actual seat frame to conduct a seatbelt anchorage test, and simulations under identical conditions were performed using the nonlinear FEA software (LS-DYNA) to validate the reliability of the analysis results. The optimized seat frame exhibited a maximum stress of

Ko, Yeong Gook, Cho, Kyu Chun, Lee, Ji Sun, Kang, Ki Weon

Qualification Sampling and Testing of Steels for Transverse Tensile Properties

AMS2310G (Current)

04/29/2025

This specification covers procedures for sampling and testing aircraft-quality, special aircraft-quality, and premium aircraft-quality steels requiring transverse tensile property testing.

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Transient Failure Analysis of Alloy Steel Welded Joints under Sudden Tension Load Condition

05-18-03-0025

04/21/2025

The study aims to evaluate the transient failure behavior of welding joints that are exposed to sudden tensile loading. The Mohr–Coulomb criterion’s fundamental theories are examined and evaluated. The failure function of Mohr’s envelope is first expanded into a polynomial in terms of the stress components (σp , τxy ) on the failure region up to the third order. Using ANSYS software, the transient failure response of welding joints was simulated. The Runge–Kutta fourth-order computational technique was employed to perform numerical analysis on transient failure response. Python software is used to develop a computer code for the time-dependent failure response of welding joints. The welded joint specimen is tested with the help of a UTM machine. The analytical results are compared with experimental results. A fractography study was carried out on the welded joint of the failure surface. In this context, the main focus is on SEM and EDS methods to determine the exact type of failure

Chavan, Shivaji, Raut, D. N.

Hose Assembly, Convoluted Polytetrafluoroethylene, Metallic Reinforced, Low Pressure, Up to 400 °F, Aircraft

AS1227C (Current)

04/14/2025

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for a convoluted polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lined, metallic reinforced, hose assembly suitable for use in aerospace fluid systems at temperatures between -65 °F and 400 °F for Class 1 assembly, -65 °F and 275 °F for Class 2 assembly, and at operating pressures per Table 1. The use of these hose assemblies in pneumatic storage systems is not recommended. In addition, installations in which the limits specified herein are exceeded, or in which the application is not covered specifically by this standard, shall be subject to the approval of the procuring activity.

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Microstructure, Tensile and Fracture Behaviors of Squeeze Cast Wrought Mg Alloy AZ80

2025-01-8230

04/01/2025

Wrought magnesium alloy AZ80 with a thick section of 20 mm was prepared by squeeze casting (SC) and permanent steel mold casting (PSMC). The porosity measurements of the SC and PSMC showed that the SC AZ80 had a porosity of 0.52%, which was the 77% lower than that (2.21%) of the PSMC counterpart. The microstructure analyses and phase identification indicated that the cast AZ80 alloy consisted of a primary α-Mg phase, eutectic Mg-Al-Zn phases and Al-Mn intermetallic. The fine primary α-Mg dendrites and a high amount of the intermetallic phase were present in the SC AZ80 alloy. The yield strength (YS), ultimate yield strength (UTS), elongation (ef), elastic modulus (E) and strain hardening rate of the cast AZ80 specimens were evaluated by tensile testing. The measured engineering stress versus strain curves showed that the SC AZ80 alloy exhibited 84.68 MPa in YS, 168.23 MPa in UTS, 5.07% in ef, and 25.1GPa in modulus while the YS, UTS and ef of the PSMC specimen were only 71.61 MPa

Ying, Peilin, Hu, Henry, Hu, Anita, Shen, Wutian

Sustainable Automotive Composites: A Systematic Review of Methods for Dispersion Cotton Fiber in Poly(lactic Acid) Matrix

2025-01-8326

04/01/2025

Composite materials are created by combining two or more different materials, such as a filler or fibrous reinforcement dispersed in a polymer matrix. The primary goal of developing composites is to improve properties while reducing weight, making them ideal for the sustainable development of the automotive industry. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has emerged as a promising polymer matrix for composites due to its ecological and biodegradable nature, as well as its good mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus of elasticity), though it remains limited when compared to engineering polymers such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA). Cotton fibers have gained visibility in recent years as reinforcement in various matrices due to their low cost, renewable origin, and relative abundance. Incorporating cotton fibers into PLA can improve its mechanical properties, enhancing attributes such as tensile strength and stiffness, which makes the

De Andrade, Marina, Polkowski, Rodrigo, Horiuchi, Lucas Nao, Goncalves, Ana Paula, De Oliveira, Vinícius

Brittle or Ductile? Effects of Print Orientation and Raster Angle on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Tensile Samples

2025-01-8335

04/01/2025

The automotive industry leverages Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) -based Additive Manufacturing (AM) to reduce lead time and costs for prototypes, rapid tooling, and low-volume customized designs. This paper examines the impact of print orientation and raster angle on the tensile properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA), selected for its ease of use and accessibility. Dog bone samples were designed to the ASTM D638 tensile testing standard and printed solid with a 0.2 mm layer height, two outer walls, and varying raster-fill angles, with layers alternating by 90°. Testing was conducted on the MTS Criterion Model 43, 50 kN system. Varying print orientation along the X and Y axes (double angle builds) produced a Young's modulus (YM) range of 0.7519, reflecting a 34.42% increase between the witnessed minimum and maximum values. These builds exhibited more brittle behavior than most single angle builds, except for X10 Y10 Z0 at a 45° raster (the lowest recorded YM) and X0 Y15 Z0 at a 30

Strelkova, Dora, Urbanic, Ruth Jill

Mechanical Analysis of a Non-Pneumatic Tire’s Spokes

2025-01-8327

04/01/2025

Mechanical analysis was performed of a non-pneumatic tire, specifically a Michelin Tweel size 18x8.5N10, that can be used up to a speed of 40 km/h. A Parylene-C coating was added to the rubber spoke specimens before performing both microscopic imaging and cyclic tensile testing. Initially, standard ASTM D412 specimens type C and A were cut from the wheel spokes, and then the specimens were subjected to deposition of a nanomaterial. The surfaces of the specimens were prepared in different ways to examine the influence on the material behavior including the stiffness and hysteresis. Microscopic imaging was performed to qualitatively compare the surfaces of the coated and uncoated specimens. Both coated and uncoated spoke specimens of each standard type were then subjected to low-rate cyclic tensile tests up to 500% strain. The results showed that the Parylene-C coating did not affect the maximum stress in the specimens, but did increase the residual strain. Type C specimens also had a

Collings, William, Li, Chengzhi, Schwarz, Jackson, Lakhtakia, Akhlesh, Bakis, Charles, El-Sayegh, Zeinab, El-Gindy, Moustafa

Material Characterization of Newly-Developed Advanced High Strength Steels for Prediction of Crash Performance

2025-01-8220

04/01/2025

New highly ductile advanced high strength steel (AHSS) grades with tensile strength greater than 980 MPa have been developed with the aim of achieving a combination of high strength and excellent formability. The new jetQTM-Family [1, 2] offers high local and global ductility, which is expected to contribute to the improvement of vehicle crash performance. For the reliable design and management of vehicle crash performance, material modeling, including work hardening behavior and material failure strain, plays an important role in numerical simulation. Especially, the accuracy of material failure prediction is important for the development of crash performance. In this study, the fracture behaviors of 980jetQTM, 1180jetQTM, and conventional Dual-Phase (DP) steels are investigated through simple tensile and V-bending fracture tests incorporating experimental-numerical hybrid ductile fracture analysis. Based on the experimental results, the ductile fracture parameters in the Hosford

Sato, Kentaro, Sakaidani, Tomohiro, Ohnishi, Yoichiro, Paton, Adrian, Roesen, Hartwig

A New Methodology to Characterize the Influence of Paint Baking and Pre-Straining on the Tensile Properties of Third Generation Advanced High Strength Steels

2025-01-8223

04/01/2025

The current ASTM A653 standard for determining the bake hardening index (BHI) of sheet metals can lead to premature fracture at the transition radius of the tensile specimen in high strength steel grades. In this study, a new test procedure to characterize the BHI was developed and applied to 980 and 1180 MPa third generation advanced high strength steels (3G-AHSS). The so-called KS-1B methodology involves pre-straining over-sized tensile specimens followed by the extraction of an ASTM E8 sample, paint baking and re-testing to determine the BHI. Various pre-strain levels in the range of 2 to 10% were considered to evaluate the KS-1B procedure with select comparisons with the ASTM A653 methodology for pre-strain levels of 2 and 8%. Finally, to characterize the influence of paint baking at large strain levels, sheared edge conical hole expansion tests were conducted. The tensile mechanical properties of the 3G steels after paint baking were observed to be sensitive to the pre-strain with

Northcote, Rhys, Berry, Avalon, Narayanan, Advaith, Tolton, Cameron, Lee, Haea, Smith, Jonathan, McCarty, Eric, Butcher, Cliff

Thermal Insulation Tiles and Sheets Based on Integration of Recycled Plastic Waste Fibres and Epoxy Resin

2025-01-8325

04/01/2025

Plastic waste, in the past few years, has risen to be one of the most concerning and endangering pollutants to environment and life, making its effective management and reduction a major domain of focus among researchers and industrialists. This comparative study is an attempt to utilize recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET) fibres combined with Epoxy Resin in various combinations, to provide effective and low-cost insulation in moderate to low requirements. The above-mentioned components serve as viable insulators. Moisture resistance of both materials and temperature resistance of Epoxy resins ranging from 120°C to 150°C (depending upon the grade of Epoxy used) indicate a good stability in harsh external operating environment. While Epoxy resins are not inherently flame retardants, additives are introduced for this purpose in order to render the composite safer to use. Owing to the excellent adhesive properties of the Epoxy resin, the rPET fibres are allowed to bond together

Purihella, Sri Sai Krishna, Pali, Harveer Singh, Kumar, Piyush, Sharma, Ved Prakash

Parameter Calibration Method of Johnson-Cook Constitutive Model based on Tensile and Compression Tests

2025-01-8242

04/01/2025

In new energy vehicles, aluminum alloy has gained prominence for its ability to achieve superior lightweight properties. During the automotive design phase, accurately predicting and simulating structural performance can effectively reduce costs and enhance efficiency. Nevertheless, the acquisition of accurate material parameters for precise predictive simulations presents a substantial challenge. The Johnson-Cook model is widely utilized in the automotive industry for impact and molding applications due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, variations in material composition, processing techniques, and manufacturing methods of aluminum alloy can lead to differences in material properties. Additionally, components are constantly subjected to complex stress states during actual service. Conventional parameter calibration methods primarily rely on quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests, offering limited scope in addressing compression scenarios. This paper proposes an inversion

Kong, Deyu, Gao, Yunkai

In-Situ Nanoindentation and Finite Element Analysis for Evaluating the Young’s Modulus of Anode Current Collectors in Lithium-ion Batteries

2025-01-8133

04/01/2025

As the utilization of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles becomes increasingly prevalent, there has been a growing focus on the mechanical properties of lithium-ion battery cores. The current collector significantly impacts the tensile properties of the electrode and the internal fracture of the battery cell. The stripping process tends to cause additional damage to the current collector, so tensile testing is not able to obtain in-situ mechanical properties of the current collector. Therefore, nanoindentation tests are required to acquire the in situ mechanical properties of the current collector. Nanoindentation testing represents the primary methodology for the determination of the mechanical properties of thin films. The Oliver-Pharr method is the standard approach used by commercial indentation instruments for the evaluation of mechanical properties in materials. Nevertheless, this approach is constrained by the limitations imposed by the sample boundary conditions. To

Dai, Rui, Sun, Zhiwei, Park, Jeongjin, Xia, Yong, Zhou, Qing

Nanocomposites Made with Poly(Lactic Acid)/Cellulose Nanofibers for Automotive Applications: The Impact of Annealing on 3D Printed Parts

2025-01-8328

04/01/2025

The advance of regulatory emission standards for light-duty vehicles, trucks and motorcycles, coupled with rising sustainability concerns, particularly United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 12 (responsible consumption and production), has created an urgent need for lighter, stronger, and more ecological materials. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer derived from plant sources, offers promising mechanical tensile strength and processability. Nanocomposites, a solution that combines a base matrix with a nanoreinforcing filler, provides a path toward developing sustainable materials with new properties. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are a valuable nanofiller obtained through industrial waste or vegetal fibers, offer a promising avenue for strengthening PLA-based materials. Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained popularity due to its ability to create complex parts, prototyping designs, and to evaluate new nanocomposite materials such as PLA/CNF, showing significant

de Oliveira, Vinícius, Horiuchi, Lucas Nao, Goncalves, Ana Paula, De Andrade, Marina, Polkowski, Rodrigo

Machine Learning–Based Modeling for Predicting the Lap Shear Strength of High-Strength Steel Laser Lap Welds

05-18-04-0029

03/29/2025

This study investigates the nonlinear correlation between laser welding parameters and weld quality, employing machine learning techniques to enhance the predictive accuracy of tensile lap shear strength (TLS) in automotive QP1180 high-strength steel joints. By incorporating three algorithms: random forest (RF), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and K-nearest neighbors regression (KNN), with Bayesian optimization (BO), an efficient predictive model has been developed. The results demonstrated that the RF model optimized by the BO algorithm performed best in predicting the strength of high-strength steel plate-welded joints, with an R 2 of 0.961. Furthermore, the trained RF model was applied to identify the parameter combination for the maximum TLS value within the selected parameter range through grid search, and its effectiveness was experimentally verified. The model predictions were accurate, with errors controlled within 6.73%. The TLS obtained from the reverse-selected

Han, Jinbang, Ji, Yuxiang, Liu, Yong, Liu, Zhao, Wang, Xianhui, Han, Weijian, Wu, Kun

Strain-Controlled High-Temperature (400°C) Low-Cycle Fatigue of Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy

05-18-03-0024

03/21/2025

The tensile and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties of Ti6Al4V specimens, manufactured using the selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing (AM) process and subsequently heat-treated in argon, were investigated at elevated temperatures. Specifically, fully reversed strain-controlled tests were performed at 400°C to determine the strain-life response of the material over a range of strain amplitudes of industrial interest. Fatigue test results from this work are compared to those found in the literature for both AM and wrought Ti6Al4V. The LCF response of the material tested here is in-family with the AM data found in the literature. Scanning electron microscopy performed on the fracture surfaces indicate a marked increase in secondary cracking (crack branching) as a function of increased plastic deformation and demonstrating equivalent performance when compared to the wrought Ti6AL4V at RT (room temperature) at 1.4% strain amplitude and better performance when compared to the

Gadwal, Narendra Kumar, Barkey, Mark E., Hagan, Zach, Amaro, Robert, McDuffie, Jason G.

Titanium Alloy, Forgings, 10V - 2Fe - 3AI, Consumable Electrode Melted, Single-Step Solution Heat Treated and Overaged, 140 ksi (965 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS4987G (Current)

02/25/2025

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of forgings 4.00 inches (101.6 mm) and under in nominal cross-sectional thickness and of forging stock of any size (see 8.6).

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

Evaluation Method for the Impacts of Truck Platoons Lateral Control on Pavement Performance

2025-01-7152

02/21/2025

The introduction of autonomous truck platoons is expected to result in drastic changes in operational characteristics of freight shipments, which may in turn have significant impacts on efficiency, energy consumption, and infrastructure durability. Since the lateral positions of autonomous trucks traveling consecutively within a lane are fixed and similar (channelized traffic), such platooning operations are likely to accelerate damage accumulation within pavement structures. To further advance the application of truck platooning technology in various pavement environments, this study develops a flexible evaluation method to evaluate the impact of lateral arrangement within autonomous truck platoons on asphalt pavement performance. This method simplifies the impact of intermittent axle load applications along the driving direction within a platoon, supporting platoon controllers in directly evaluating pavement damage for different platoon configurations. Specifically, a truck platoon

Wenlu, Yu, Ye, Qin, Chen, Daoxie, Min, Yitong, Chen, Leilei

SHIELD BAND, CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL BACKSHELL, CATEGORY 7 (FOR AS85048/82 - /90, /93, /109 - /117 ACCESSORIES)

AS85049/128G (Current)02/08/2025

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Evaluation on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured ER 2209 Duplex Stainless Steel for Automotive and Marine Applications

2025-28-0108

02/07/2025

The advancement of wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) presents a significant opportunity to revolutionize the production of automotive components through the fabrication of complex, high-performance structures. This study specifically investigates the metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion properties of WAAM-fabricated ER 2209 duplex stainless steel structures, known for their superior mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, and favorable tribological behavior. The research aims to optimize WAAM process parameters to achieve high-quality deposition of ER 2209, ensuring structural integrity and performance suitable for both marine and various automotive applications. Microstructural analysis of the produced samples revealed the alloy’s dual-phase nature, with roughly equal amounts of ferrite and austenite phases uniformly mixed across the layers of deposition. This balanced microstructure contributes to the alloy’s excellent mechanical properties. Yield strength

A, Aravind, S, Jerome, Kumar, Ravi

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Overhanging AA 4043 Structures Fabricated by CMT Pulse Based WAAM for Automotive Applications

2025-28-0140

02/07/2025

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of overhanging structures using the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) pulse based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique, specifically targeting automotive applications on commercial aluminum components. Focusing on optimal welding strategies for overhanging structures, components are fabricated by providing offsets during consecutive deposition of layers, thus producing parts with angles of 45°, 60° and 90° inclinations from the substrate. Three specimens undergo around twenty-five layers of deposition, resulting in structurally sound joints within this specified angle range. AA 4043 electrode is utilized, and welding parameters are optimized through trials by verifying with bead on plate deposition. Successful outcomes are achieved within the specified angle range, though challenges arise beyond 60°, complicating the maintenance of desired weld quality. The study further evaluates the microstructure, microhardness, and

A, Aravind, S, Jerome, A, Rahavendran

Vibrational, Thermal and Mechanical Performance Analysis of Hybrid Composite Plates Composed of Kenaf and Ridge Gourd Fibers with Waste Plastic Materials

2025-28-0030

02/07/2025

Before starting your paper, please read, “How to Write an SAE this study investigates the performance and highlights the mechanical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics of hybrid fibre composite plate composed of Kenaf Fibre (KF), Ridge Gourd Fibre (RGF), Waste Plastic Materials (WPM), and matrix materials. The raw materials under goanalkaline treatment involving 2hoursofagitation with 5% NaOH. Following treatment, KF, RGF, and WPM are combined with epoxyres in using compression moulding to form four different hybrid composite plates in the %wt of 10:20:5, 20:10:5, 10:10:5, and 20:20:5. Various tests are conducted to evaluate their properties, including the Tensile Test, Shear Test, and Flexural Test, adhering to ASTM standards D638, D7078, and D790, respectively. The results indicate that 20:20:5 plate showed higher tensile strength (21.70 MPa), flexural strength (77.23 MPa), and shear strength (18.13MPa. Subsequently, Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was conducted on the 20:20

D R, Rajkumar, R, Baranitharan, Basha, Mohamed Humayun, S, Kamalesh

Investigating Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber and Alumina-Reinforced Epoxy Composites: Application of Taguchi and Grey Analysis for Automotive Components

2025-28-0113

02/07/2025

Natural fiber composites (NFC’s) have considerable promise for a wide range of technological applications due to their exceptional features, which include notable weight reduction, high strength, and affordability. The aforementioned materials are also biodegradable and sustainable, which makes them appealing for use in sustainable engineering methods. This research focuses on evaluating the mechanical features of jute fiber and Al₂O₃ particle fortified polymer composites, exploring their potential for advanced engineering uses. The Taguchi technique is used with a L9 orthogonal array, integrating three-level, three-parameter approach, to systematically examine potential combinations of process variables in the manufacturing of these polymer composites. The primary goal is to optimize the mechanical attributes of the composites, which include tensile modulus, tensile stress, and weight percentage increase. Detailed investigations are conducted to interpret the effects of these process

Somsole, Lakshmi Narayana, Natarajan, Manikandan, Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Katta, Lakshmi Narasimhamu, Vivekananda, Soma

Influence of Fibre Weight Fraction on the Mechanical Characteristics of the Caryota Urens Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite

2025-28-0114

02/07/2025

The present study aims to assess the tensile properties of Caryota urens fibre reinforced polyester composites. Composites were fabricated with different fiber weight fractions starting from 5% to 35% with 5% increment. The mechanical testing of composite material was conducted using ASTM standards. The results indicated that the tensile, impact, and flexural properties of composite material were increased up to 25% fiber weight fraction; after that, they have been reduced due to some factors, like fiber distribution, which may not be uniform, and adhesion between fiber and matrix may be reduced. The optimal weight fraction of caryota urens fiber found from this study is 25%. The maximum tensile, impact, and flexural strength obtained for the composites were 36.22 MPa, 62.21 MPa, and 0.224 N/m, respectively. Water absorption characteristics show the increase of water intake behavior of composites due to their hydrophobic nature.

Santhanam, K, Raja, K., Naveen, M, Saranbala, M, M, Naveenkumar

Characterization of Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites: A Case Study of Bamboo Leaves and Coconut Leaves

2025-28-0112

02/07/2025

The research project focused on investigating the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of composite plates made from bamboo leaves and coconut leaves reinforced with epoxy resin that has received limited attention in previous studies. The bamboo and coconut leaves underwent alkaline treatment, were thoroughly washed with distilled water, and dried in sunlight for 24 hours. For the fabrication of three composite plates, Hand lay up method was employed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The compositions of the composite plates were varied as first Composition has 25 wt% bamboo leaves, 25 wt% coconut leaves and 50 wt% resin, the Second Composition has 30 wt% bamboo leaves, 30 wt% coconut leaves, and 40 wt% resin and the third composition has 35 wt% bamboo leaves, 35 wt% coconut leaves, and 30 wt% resin. Tensile test, shear and flexural tests helped determine the tensile strength, shear strength, and flexural strength of the composite

D R, Rajkumar, O, Vivin Lenin, R, Saktheevel, S, Edwin Roshan

Effect of Hardening and Tempering Temperatures on the Mechanical Behavior of Alloy Steel

2025-28-0027

02/07/2025

Alloy steel possesses high strength, hardenability, fatigue strength, and good impact toughness. It is widely used for making various machine parts, automobile components, shafts, gears, connecting rods, and more. Hardening and tempering develop the optimum combination of hardness, strength, and toughness in engineering steel, thereby providing components with high mechanical properties. Hardening and tempering temperatures are crucial factors that affect the mechanical and metallurgical properties of 42Cr4Mo steel. In this research work, 42Cr4Mo alloy steel samples were subjected to hardening and tempering processes. The hardening temperatures were set at 830°C, 850°C, and 870°C, while the tempering temperatures were maintained at 590°C and 650°C. The test results show that hardening at 830°C and tempering at 590°C achieve high tensile strength, which decreases as the temperature increases. Different hardening temperatures and constant tempering temperatures will be optimized to

Murugesan, Venkatasudhahar, Ganesan, Dharmalingam, Tarigonda, Hariprasad

Study of Mechanical, Barrier and Tribological Behaviour of Jute & Glass Fiber Epoxy Hybrid Polymer

2025-28-0031

02/07/2025

The incorporation of natural available material into synthetic materials to form a fiber within a single polymer matrix has been ignited since environment concerns become crucial nowadays. Composite materials embedded with two or more types of fibers makes a composite as hybrid. The study of hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers brings out superior mechanical and tribological properties. In our present studies, fabrication of jute & glass fiber reinforced epoxy-based polymer hybrid composites were carried out using resin infusion technique. For comparing the various properties, the composite made of pure jute fiber i.e 100% jute, pure glass fiber i.e 100% glass, the hybrid composite containing 75% jute and 25% glass fiber, 50% jute and 50% glass fiber, and 25% jute and 75% glass fiber were made and its functional behaviors were studied. The results revealed the hybrid composite containing 25% jute and 75% glass fiber possessed maximum tensile strength of 292±5.8 MPa, flexural

J, Chandradass, T, Thirugnanasambandham, M, Amutha Surabi, P, Baskara Sethupathi, Rajendran, R, Murugadoss, Palanivendhan

Numerical and Experimental Evaluation and Investigation on Banana Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

2024-01-5249

01/28/2025

This study will explore the banana fibre-reinforced composites (BFRC) as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fibre composites using experimental testing and numerical models. Composites were made using compression moulding and hand lay-up techniques with varying the fibre’s orientations and contents. Mechanical testing was done in conformity with ASTM criteria, with a focus on tensile properties. Strong correlations were established between the prediction models developed by finite element analysis (FEA) using AUTODESK Fusion 360 and the experimental data were predicted by Using the Hirsch model, the tensile strength and modulus of the composites were computed the findings showed that adding more fibre improved the mechanical qualities, especially the tensile strength. The process of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was used to find defects in the BFRC.

Omprakasam, S., Karthick, N., Althaf, Mohammed Kassim

Microstructure and Strength of Zinc-Molybdenum Steel Joints Brazed with Nickel-Chromium-Zinc Filler Metal

2024-01-5255

01/28/2025

Intermetallic Zn-Mo to steel induction brazing was performed in an induction furnace at 1260 degrees Celsius for 0.8 thousand seconds utilising Ni-Cr-Zn filler metal. Base metal atoms such as zinc, molybdenum, and nickel are stated to diffuse to the contact and aggressively react with the filler metal during brazing. This is backed by microstructural research. The reaction layer near Zn-Mo, which is composed of Ni-Cr-Zn compounds and Ni-based solid solutions; the interface's centre zone, which is composed of Ni-based solid solutions with distributed Ni-Cr eutectic phases; and the NiC reaction layer near the steel. The interface is made up of all of these components. The best values for the induction brazing parameters may be calculated by analysing the association between the brazing parameters and the tensile strength of the joints. The joint has a tensile strength of 348 MPa after being brazed at a temperature of 1260 degrees Celsius for 0.8 thousand seconds.

Babu Chellam, B Ashok Kumar, Vimal Raja, M., Dhiyaneswaran, J., Selvaraj, Malathi, Sangeeth Kumar, M.

Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Paraffin-Based Hybrid Rocket Fuels

2024-01-5261

01/28/2025

This paper presents thermal properties and mechanical strength of hybrid rocket fuels with the base material of paraffin wax. The mechanical strength includes breaking point strain, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength at ultimate point for three different variant of paraffin-based formulations were examined and results were compared with pure paraffin fuels. The results indicate that the tensile strength and elastic modulus of paraffin-Al fuel having Al 5 wt % were increased by 32.2%, and 14.1% respectively compared to those of pure paraffin. The average tensile strength and elastic modulus of paraffin-CB (0.5 to 1.5 wt%) fuel were increased by 29.5%, and 16.3% compared to pure paraffin, respectively. Thermal properties were derived from were carried out with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to explore the endothermic and exothermic reactions of samples with paraffin-based fuels. The values of heat of fusion calculated from the area under endothermic reaction were found

Karthik, P., Kumaran, V., Srinivasan, P., Parthiban, N.

Optimizing Mechanical and Transport Properties of Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber Composites

2024-01-5263

01/28/2025

The article describes a two-step technique that involves making a masterbatch that is 3:1 [by weight] carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and nanoclay (NC), compounding on a two-roll mill, and moulding at 150°C and 20 MPa pressure. Tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), and modulus (M100, M200 and M300) all rises with the amount of nanofiller present, peaked at 5 phr, then fell off. The NC demonstrated a tendency to aggregate at greater concentrations. The amount of reinforcement provided by the NC filler can be determined by comparing the modulus of filled compounds (M100f) to that of unfilled XNBR (M100u). This ratio rises with the amount of NC present, peaked at 5-7.5 phr, and subsequently fell. Using sorption isotherms, the swelling behaviour of the solvent through the nanocomposites was studied. With increasing NC concentration, the solvent absorption fell, reaching a minimum at 5 phr NC. When toluene sorption for diffusion via XNBR-NC composites was measured, the amount

Vishvanathperumal, S., Manimaran, K., Murali, M., Meera, C., Gopika, P., Arun, M.

Tribological Behavior and Mechanical Characteristics of AL6061 Alloy with AL2O3 and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforcement Nanoparticles (Hybrid Nano Carbon Tube)

2024-01-5244

01/28/2025

The objective of this study is to optimize and characterize an Al6061/Al2O3/MWCNT nanocomposite produced through stir casting. The investigation focused on various concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 5% by weight of Al2O3/MWCNT nanoparticles, with an average Al2O3 particle size of 40 nm. The Al6061 matrix exhibited a uniform distribution of these nanoparticles. Microstructural analysis of the nanocomposite was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. The study examined the tribological properties, including wear and coefficient of friction, as well as the tensile strength and hardness of the Al6061/Al2O3/MWCNT nanocomposites. The results indicated a significant enhancement in mechanical properties, with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increasing from 122 MPa to 157 MPa, and the yield tensile strength (YTS) rising from 52 MPa to 76 MPa. At a 5% concentration of Al2O3/MWCNT, the hardness test showed an increase from 28 BHN to 55 BHN. The improvement ratios for 2%, 3%, and 5

Haridass, R., Subramani, N., Viknesh, S., Mathan Kumar, M., Mownitharan, M. S.

Utilizing High-Performance Thermoplastics to Improve Durability and Efficiency in Automotive Instrument Panels

2024-01-5245

01/28/2025

The present research explores the potential of high-performance thermoplastics, Polymethyl Methacrylate and Polyurethane, to enhance the passive safety of automotive instrument panels. The purpose is to evaluate and compare the passive safety of these two materials through the conduct of the Charpy Impact Test, Tensile Strength Test, and Crush Test —. For this, five samples were prepared in the case of each material via injection moulding, which enabled reliability, and consistency of the findings. As a result, it was found that in the case of the Charpy Impact Test, the average impact resistance varies with PMMA exhibiting a level of 15.08 kJ/m2 as opposed to the value of 12.16 kJ/m2 for PU. The Tensile Strength Test produced the average tensile strength of 50.16 for PMMA and 48.2 for PU, which implied superior structural integrity under tension for the first type of thermoplastic. Finally, the Crush Test showed that PMMA is more resistant to crushes on average than PU with the

Natrayan, L., Kaliappan, Seeniappan, Mothilal, T., Balaji, N., Maranan, Ramya, Ravi, D.

Advancements in Lightweight Composite Materials for Enhancing the Structural Integrity of Automotive Component

2025-01-5005

01/23/2025

This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the usage of advanced lightweight materials such as aluminum matrix composite and aramid fiber reinforcement polymer for increased structural integrity of the hood of an automotive vehicle. The automotive sector is moving toward lightweight materials because of the need to enhance fuel efficiency, the importance of reducing environmental impact, and the need to ensure safety of new-generation automobiles. While traditional materials such as steel and aluminum might be very rigid and durable, they also add huge weight to the overall vehicle design. Consequently, these vehicles become more fuel inefficient, which could lead to higher emissions and pollution. The two materials chosen for this research are very promising, considering that both are characterized by high specific strength and impact resistance capabilities. The low weight of the materials is also an added bonus. While AMC is manufactured by consolidating aluminum with

Arvinda Pandian, C.K., Balaji, N., Seeniappan, Kaliappan, Natrayan, L., Maranan, Ramya, Ravi, D.

Investigating the Orientation-Dependent Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel Fabricated via Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

2025-01-5001

01/15/2025

Additive manufacturing technologies, particularly wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), have gained recognition for their ability to produce large metallic components efficiently and cost-effectively. This study investigates both the mechanical properties and microstructure of 304L austenitic stainless steel produced via WAAM, focusing on orientation-dependent behavior. Tensile specimens were prepared in transversal, diagonal, and longitudinal orientations according to ASTM E8 standards, and their mechanical properties were evaluated. The results show that the diagonal sample exhibited the highest tensile strength of 555 MPa with an elongation of 47.9%, while the longitudinal sample demonstrated the highest ductility with a notable elongation of 61.4%. Microstructural analysis, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed refined grain structures and alignment that influenced mechanical properties and stress distribution. Hardness measurements showed an increase across all

Navaneethasanthakumar, S., Suresh, R., Santhosh, V., Godwin Raja Ebenezer, N., Sankarapandian, S.

Preliminary Indication Approach of Jute Fiber Fabric with Polyester for Bumpers of Passenger Cars

2024-36-0149

12/20/2024

Polypropylene has been the plastic traditionally used in the manufacture of bumpers. Composite materials have been presented as an alternative due to lightness and sustainability. This article presents a composite of polyester resin and jute fiber fabric as an innovative alternative to be studied for the manufacture of automotive bumpers. Composite material was manufactured for characterization. It was used as matrix the terephthalic polyester resin, unsaturated and pre-accelerated, and the catalyst MEK V388 for curing the composite. The chosen reinforcement was the jute fiber fabric. Silicone molds with dimensions according to ASTM 3039 were used to manufacture specimens, and subsequent tensile strength test to determine properties and compare with literature data. The composite with jute fiber reinforcement with alignment 0°/0°/0° was evaluated as viable for the application in car bumpers, having its value of tensile strength surpassed that of the composite reinforced by jute fiber

Dias, Roberto Yuri Costa, Soares, Rafael Vilhena, de Mendonca Maia, Pedro Victor, dos Santos, Jose Emilio Medeiros, Miranda, Igor Ramon Sinimbú, Junior, Waldomiro Gomes Paschoal, Fujiyama, Roberto Tetsuo

Presentation of Biocomposites for Proposal for Use in Car Bumpers

2024-36-0148

12/20/2024

Car bumpers are protective structures for the occupants of a vehicle during a collision, absorbing impact energy, such a structure is located at the front and rear of the vehicle. Metals were used to manufacture the first bumpers, and it was subsequently assessed that using a different material would reduce their weight, for example plastic, resulting in increased fuel economy and impact absorption. Also, the use of polymers reinforced by glass fibers offer good mechanical strength. This work evaluates the replacement of conventional materials by an ecologically more viable alternative, natural fibers as plastic reinforcement, reducing costs, without considerable loss in the material mechanical properties. Specimens of reinforced composite material were produced with jute fiber. The fibers, obtained through fabrics, were standardized in length of 5.0 mm and 15.0 mm. The matrix phase applied was the unsaturated and pre-accelerated terephthalic polyester resin manufactured by Royal

Soares, Rafael Vilhena, Dias, Roberto Yuri Costa, de Mendonca Maia, Pedro Victor, Junior, Waldomiro Gomes Paschoal, Fujiyama, Roberto Tetsuo

Steel, Bars, and Forgings, Aircraft Quality, 0.50Cr - 0.55Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38 - 0.43C) (SAE 8740) Heat Treated, 105 ksi (724 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS6325M (Current)

12/18/2024

This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of heat-treated bars and forgings.

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Effect of Silicon Carbide Addition and Jute Fiber Surface Treatment on Functional Qualities of Low-Density Polyethylene Composites

2024-01-5238

12/10/2024

In the modern era, advanced hybrid polymer-based composites have the potential to replace conventional polymers and exhibit unique behaviour. This study focuses on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) hybrid composite made with jute fiber and enhanced with nano silicon carbide particles through the injection moulding process. The natural jute fiber undergoes chemical surface treatment to improve its adhesive behaviour. The study evaluates the effects of 10wt% chemically treated jute fiber and 1, 3, and 5wt% of SiC on the structural, impact, tensile, and flexural strength of the synthesized composites according to ASTM D7565, D3039, and D790 standards. The structural behaviour of LDPE composites is assessed through X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing improved crystalline structure and interaction. Among the five prepared composite samples, the composite containing 10wt% treated jute fiber and 5wt% SiC demonstrated enhanced impact, tensile, and flexural strength of 5.7 J/mm2, 43 MPa, and 56

Venkatesh, R., Kaliyaperumal, Gopal, Manivannan, S., Karthikeyan, S., Aravindan, N., Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad, Karthikeyan, N.

Characteristics of Magnesium Composite Reinforced with Silicon Carbide and Boron Nitride via Liquid Stir Processing

2024-01-5237

12/10/2024

The present aim of the investigation is to prepare and evaluate the excellence of boron nitride (BN) and silicon carbide nanoparticles on characteristics of magnesium alloy (AZ91D) hybrid nanocomposite. This constitution of AZ91D alloy hybrid nanocomposite is made through the liquid state processing route, which helps to improve the spread of particles in the AZ91D matrix. The impact of BN and SiC on microstructural and mechanical properties like tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength of AZ91D alloy composites are studied, and its investigational results are compared. Besides, microstructural studies have revealed that the structure of composite is found to have better BN and SiC particle dispersion and uniformity. The 5 percentage in weight (wt%) of BN and 5 wt% of SiC facilitated better tensile strength (183 MPa), hardness (85HV), and impact strength (21.4J/mm2) behaviour, which are 26, 30, and 35% better than the monolithic AZ91D alloy. This AZ91D/5wt% BN and 5wt% SiC

Venkatesh, R., Kaliyaperumal, Gopal, Manivannan, S., Karthikeyan, S., Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad, Karthikeyan, N.

Study of Functional Behaviour of Cast Magnesium Alloy with Zirconium Addition

2024-01-5206

12/10/2024

Magnesium is the lightest material than aluminium and has a better specific strength, which is utilized for weight management applications. This research developed the magnesium (Mg) matrix with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 percentages in weight (wt%) of zirconium (Zr) particles (grain refinement agent) via the squeeze cast technique. The argon inert gas is limit oxidation during the melting of Mg. The influence of Zr on the functional properties of Mg is studied and related to monolithic Mg without the Zr phase. The microstructural analysis provides the Zr particles are dispersed uniformly in the Mg matrix and exposed to superior mechanical properties. The Mg processed with 0.5 wt% of Zr offered maximum hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation percentage, which are 53, 48.8, and 43.5 % better than the values of monolithic Mg. Besides, the optimum Mg refining with 0.5 wt% Zr microstructure is detailed with EDS and conforms to the contribution of Zr. This is used for automotive

Venkatesh, R., Manivannan, S., Das, A. Daniel, Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad

Impact of Tool Rotational Speed and Welding Speed on Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welded AA5083 Aluminum Alloy Joints

2024-01-5205

12/10/2024

One of the most common materials in the fabrication sectors, especially in the auto sector, is Aluminum alloy. Owing to its low strength to weight ratio, it could be a good fit for a number of applications. The cold working procedure may strengthen the 5XXX series Aluminum alloy, which is not heat treatable and it is also challenging to fuse these alloys together using fusion welding processes. In Recent days, a solid-state welding procedure, Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is used to join this alloy. The impact of FSW process parameters on tensile strength of the joint is examined in this study. Based on the outcomes of the experiment, the highest tensile strength is observed at 900 RPM tool rotation, 100 mm/min welding speed, 1.5-degree tilt angle, and 3.0 tool diameter ratio. Superior strength (246 MPa) of this parameter over its competitors can be attributed to the balanced material flow and the formation of finer grains in the weld region.

Maram, Sreenivasulu Reddy, Kumar, M. Vinoth, Hariram, V.

Study on Grain Refinement Efficiency of Cast Aluminum Alloy via Aluminium Titanium Boron Addition

2024-01-5218

12/10/2024

Grain refinement of aluminium and its alloys is a common industrial practice, particularly for automobile casting. The grain refines with titanium agent influence better mechanical behaviour such as higher yield and ultimate tensile strength rather than monolithic alloy. Present study, the halide salt method has been used to produce the Al-Ti-B grain refiners with different Ti/B ratios. The prepared grain refiner is added in A356 alloy and observed its grain refining efficiency. The addition of grain refiner to A356 aluminium alloy at different holding times, such as 10, 20, and 30 min, allowed it to solidify. It is found that 30 min of holding time with 5Ti1B improves the hardness (40%) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) value (63.56%). A high degree of grain refinement was observed in a 30-minute holding time with 5Ti1B with improved grain refining efficiency of 3 %. Its microstructural observation and tensile properties helped us understand this grain refinement.

Venkatesh, R., Manivannan, S., Das, A. Daniel, Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad

Study of Natural Fiber Incorporated Polypropylene Composite Laminate for Lightweight Applications

2024-01-5236

12/10/2024

Biodegradable natural fiber-embedded polymer composites offer distinct mechanical properties and are utilized for lightweight applications. However, composites made with untreated natural fibers lack adhesive behaviour, and increased moisture absorption leads to reduced mechanical qualities. To address this, hemp fibers are treated with a 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to enhance adhesive strength. The treated fibers are then used to fabricate polypropylene composites through a hand layup process involving compression force. The synthesized composite samples contain 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% weight (wt%) of hemp fiber and undergo X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, as well as tensile, flexural, and impact strength studies. XRD analysis shows a short peak for the hemp fiber and a large peak for the polypropylene matrix. Experimental results indicate that the polypropylene composite with 30 wt% NaOH-treated hemp fiber exhibits increased tensile strength (53 MPa), improved flexural

Venkatesh, R., Aravindan, N., Manivannan, S., Karthikeyan, S., Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad, Karthikeyan, N.

Effect of Combined Addition of Aluminium Titanium Carbide and Sodium on Aluminium Alloy

2024-01-5239

12/10/2024

The grain refinement of aluminium alloy has the potential for various engineering utilization like automotive, marine, and aviation. Besides, the choice of grain refinement influences better performance and compatibility action. Aluminium alloy processed with zirconium grain refinement, high cost and risk of grain coarsening reasons, this research focused on Ti-C grain refinement with sodium modifier for T6 processing by aluminium alloy (AA6013) made by stir cast route. Impacts of Ti-C grain refinement with sodium modifier T6 processing on microstructural behaviour, hardness, and tensile performance are investigated, and the hardness and tensile are followed by ASTM E384 and ASTM E8 standards. The AA6013-T6 (1:1 Ti/C) with 0.15Na is found to have better grain refinement and found the TiC particle during the casting process, which leads to better enhancement of overall mechanical behaviour. The hardness, ultimate tensile, elongation percentage, and Young's modulus of AA6013-T6 (1:1 Ti/C

Venkatesh, R., Manivannan, S., Daniel Das, A., Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad

Establishing an Empirical Relationship to Predict the Tensile Strength of a FSSW-AA7075 Aluminum Alloy with Mild Steel

2024-01-5224

12/10/2024

In this study, an investigation was conducted on friction stir spot-welded AA7075 aluminum alloy with mild steel. Fusion welding of these two materials presents challenges because of differences in melting points and metallurgical incompatibility. To overcome these challenges, friction stir spot welding was employed for joining these materials. Trial runs were conducted based on a central composite rotatable design matrix, which encompassed four factors at five levels: tool rotational speed, plunge rate, dwell time, and tool diameter ratio. Shear tests were conducted to evaluate the joint strength, and subsequently, an empirical equation was developed via analysis of variance. Notably, a joint fabricated under specific conditions demonstrated exceptional strength, with the highest fracture load of 9.56 kN. These optimal parameters included the tool rotational speed, plunge ratio, dwell time and diameter ratio of 1000 rpm, 4 mm/min, 5 sec and 3.0. This achievement underscores the

Salman, Riyam Abd Alrazaq, Mohammed, Khidhair Jasim, Rajan, Rajthilak Krishnan, Smaisim, Ghassan Fadhil, Siva Subramanian, R.

Tensile Strength Analysis of Electron Beam Welded AA2024 Aluminum Alloy Joints

2024-01-5220

12/10/2024

The AA2024 aluminum alloy is a precipitate-hardening material renowned for its exceptional strength and corrosion resistance, making it a preferred choice for various applications in industries such as aircraft and automobile manufacturing. However, it is challenging to weld using fusion welding processes due to differences in melting points between the aluminum base material and its oxide layer. Consequently, this often results in issues such as partially melted zones, alloy segregation, and hot cracking. In this investigation, electron beam welding was employed to minimize heat input and prevent the formation of coarse grains in the heat-affected zone. Observations revealed that the joint achieved a maximum strength of 285 MPa, representing 62% of the base material's strength. This improvement in strength can be ascribed to the establishment of fine and recrystallized grains at the weld interface, along with the presence of copper aluminide strengthening precipitates.

Rajesh, A., Karthick, S., Mallieswaran, K., Shanmugam, Rajasekaran

Magnesium Alloy Hybrid Composite Properties are Featured with Boron Carbide Particle for Automotive Seat Frame Usage

2024-01-5207

12/10/2024

With the advancement of lightweight magnesium-based hybrid composites, are potential for weight management applications. The liquid state stir cast process is the best way to produce complex shapes and most industries are preferred. However, the melting of magnesium alloy and achieving homogenous particle distribution are the major challenges for the conventional stir-casting process, and hot crack formation is spotted due to thermal variations. The main objectives of the present research are to enhance the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of magnesium alloy hybrid nanocomposite (AZ91E) adopted with boron carbide (B4C) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles through a semisolid stir cast technique associated with inert atmosphere helps to limits the oxide formation and reduce risk of magnesium fire. The effect of composite processing and multiple reinforcements on surface morphology, tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness were thoroughly evaluated and compared. The results

Manivannan, S., Venkatesh, R., Kaliyaperumal, Gopal, Karthikeyan, S., Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad, Karthikeyan, N.

Corrosion Properties of Aluminium 7075 Basalt Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite Prepared by Stir Casting

2024-01-5201

12/10/2024

Basalt-based products are known to provide substantial wear and corrosion resistance even in harsh environments. This paper aims to explore the stir casting technique as an efficient way to reinforce basalt particulates into Aluminium (AA7075). The properties such as hardness, ultimate tensile strength with corrosion behaviour of the composites were evaluated and compared with as-cast AA7075 fabricated under the same conditions. It is evident from the results that an increase in basalt particulate content significantly increases the ultimate tensile strength of 216 MPa and hardness of 123 VHN. The mechanism of bonding between basalt particulate and aluminum alloy at the interface was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AA7075 matrix composites exhibited better corrosion resistance and they showed enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties.

Vallimanalan, A., Murali, M., Mahendran, R., Manivannan, S.

Effect of TiO ₂ & B ₄ C on the Mechanical Behavior and Microstructural Properties of Light Weight Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites for Compact Automobile Applications

2024-01-5208

12/10/2024

This Experimental study demonstrates the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and boron carbide (B4C) reinforcements on the mechanical behaviour and microstructural characteristics of lightweight hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) tailored for compact automobile applications. The Aluminium metal matrix composites were synthesized using stir casting technique to ensure uniform dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and boron carbide (B4C) reinforcements within the aluminium matrix. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical Microscopy, were employed to analyze the microstructural evolution and phase distribution. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated significant enhancements in mechanical performance with 38% increase in tensile strength, 22% increase in impact strength which are attributed to the synergistic effects of TiO2 and B4C. These

Jaswin, M. Arockia, Geetha, R., Mathialagan, Saravanan, Suresh, S.

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