Browse Topic: Tensile strength

Items (12,203)

Analyzing effect of reinforcement on stir casted 7075 Aluminum alloy

2024-28-0165To be published on 12/05/2024

Growing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and lower CO2 emissions has led to the development of lightweight materials. Aluminum composites are being used to achieve light weighting in order to improve performance, efficiency, and sustainability across various industries. The unique properties of aluminum composites make them an attractive choice for researchers and designers looking to optimize their products. Reinforcement materials play a vital role in the development of these composites, acting as barriers to dislocation movement within the aluminum matrix. This effectively strengthens the material and prevents deformation under load, resulting in increased tensile strength and fatigue resistance. Additionally, aluminum composites exhibit improved thermal and electrical conductivity, making them suitable for automotive applications. In this study, metal matrix composites (MMCs) of aluminum 7075 alloy were developed using silicon carbide (SiC) and fly ash as reinforcements. Three

Manwatkar, Asmita Ashok, Santosh Jambhale, Medha, Mahagaonkar, Nitin, Sharma, Dipesh

Influences of porosity shapes and sizes on stress and strain fields in the Casted Aluminum using Finite Element Modelling

2024-28-0159To be published on 12/05/2024

Porosity is a common issue in Aluminum casting. The contemporary casting technologies have succeeded to some extent in predicting and controlling the casting defects. It is still impossible to eliminate various defects such as porosity, voids, and inclusions. It is also difficult to predict the exact shape and size of defect. Consequently, a key challenge in designing casted components is to validate durability by predicting accurate stress, strain, and strength by considering casting defects. In the present work, a set of static elastic-plastic finite element analyses (FEA) performed to obtain the stress and strain fields distribution near the voids/pores, and their resultant impact on tensile strength of Aluminum under tensile testing is studied. Using FEA, the stress and strain fields are determined for simple tensile test samples/specimens without and with voids/discontinuities modeled under a uniform displacement applied at a far field. The stress concentration is evaluated as a

T, Kalinga, Sahu, Abhishek, Chirravuri, Bhaskara, Miller, Ronald, Xu, Siguang

Application of TOPSIS approach for Optimization on Additive Manufacturing (Fusion Deposition Modeling) of TPU Material: A Systematic Approach for Process Enhancement

2024-28-0232To be published on 12/05/2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), has transformed the manufacturing industry by allowing the creation of complex structures using a wide range of materials. The objective of this study is to enhance the FDM process for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material by utilizing the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) optimization method. The study examines the influence of FDM parameters, such as layer height, nozzle temperature, and infill density, on important characteristics of the printing process, such as tensile strength, flexibility, and surface finish. The collection of experimental data is achieved by conducting systematic FDM printing trials that cover a variety of parameter combinations. The TOPSIS optimization method is utilized to determine the optimal parameter settings by evaluating each parameter combination against the ideal and anti-ideal solutions. This method determines the optimal parameter

Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, Kiruthika, Jothi, Ramesh Naik, Mude, Silambarasan, R

Individual Inflatable Life Preserver

AS1354 (Current)

11/21/2024

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides the minimum design and performance requirements for individual, inflatable life preservers, divided into six categories: “Adult,” “Adult-Child,” “Child,” “Infant-Small Child,” “Adult-Child-Infant-Small Child,” and “Demonstration

S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee

FORMING AND WELDING INNOVATIONS FOR ARMOR STEELS

2024-01-3740

11/15/2024

ABSTRACT This paper reviews research that has been conducted to develop inductively assisted localized hot forming bending technologies, and to use standardized welding tests to assess the practicality and potential benefits of adopting stainless based consumables to weld both existing and evolving armor alloys. For the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V it was determined that warming the plate to circa 600°F would improve the materials ductility (as measured by reduction of area) from ~18 to 40% without exposing the material to a temperature at which atmospheric contamination would be significantly deleterious. For the commercial alloy BB and class 1 armor alloy it was found that there was little effect on the charpy impact toughness and the proof strength as a result of processing at 900 °F with either air cool or water quench and there was an added benefit of lower residual stresses in the finished bends compared to cold formed bends. Heating “alloy BB” to 1600 °F followed by water quench

Lawmon, John, Alexandrov, Boian, Duffey., Matthew, Ngan., Tiffany

ADVANCED FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PLATE-TYPE STRUCTURES IMPACTED BY BLAST LOADING

2024-01-3227

11/15/2024

ABSTRACT The foundation of the theory of functionally graded plates with simply supported edges, under a Friedlander explosive air-blast, are developed within the classical plate theory (CPT). Within the development of the theory, the two constituent phases, ceramic and metal, vary across the wall thickness according to a prescribed power law. The theory includes the geometrical nonlinearities, the dynamic effects, compressive tensile edge loadings, the damping effects, and thermal effects. The static and dynamic solutions are developed leveraging the use of a stress potential with the Extended-Galerkin method and the Runge-Kutta method. Validations with simpler cases within the specialized literature are shown. The analysis focuses on how to alleviate the effects of large deformations through proper material selection and the proper gradation of the constituent phases or materials

Hause, Terry

Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 19Cr - 9.2Ni (304) Cold Rolled, 1/4 Hard, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS5910D (Current)

11/06/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Forgings, Titanium Alloys Heat-Treated, Finished-Part Properties: Short-Traverse Tensile, Fracture Toughness, and Longitudinal Time-Dependent-Tension

AMS4938B (Current)

11/06/2024

This specification establishes requirements for titanium forgings of any shape or form from which finished parts are to be made (see 2.4.4, 8.3, and 8.6

AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee

Development of ANFIS Predictive Model for Additive Manufacturing of TPU Material

2024-28-0025

10/17/2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, particularly Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), have received considerable interest due to their capacity to create complex structures using a diverse array of materials. The objective of this study is to improve the process control and efficiency of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material by creating a predictive model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The study investigates the impact of FDM process parameters, including layer height, nozzle temperature, and printing speed, on key printing attributes such as tensile strength, flexibility, and surface quality. Several experimental trials are performed to gather data on these parameters and their corresponding printing attributes. The ANFIS predictive model is built using the collected dataset to forecast printing characteristics by analyzing input process parameters. The ANFIS model utilizes the learning capabilities of neural networks

Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Natarajan, Manikandan, D, Palanisamy, A, Gnanarathinam, Umapathi, D, Kiruthika, Jothi

RING, RETAINING - INTERNAL, SPIRAL WOUND HEAVY AND MEDIUM DUTY, UNS S66286

AS3472A (Current)

10/03/2024

E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems

Steel, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars and Forgings and Forging Stock, 15.5Cr - 4.5Ni - 2.9Mo - 0.10N (AM 355®), Consumable Electrode Remelted, Heat Treated, 170 ksi (1172 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS5744G (Current)

09/18/2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, forgings, and forging stock

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Characterizing and Modeling Lightweight Structural Composites at High Strain Rates for use from Arctic to Desert Environments

2024-01-4109

09/16/2024

In this work, triaxial carbon fiber – epoxy composite laminates were manufactured and tested to determine the influence of environmental temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties, and finite element models were developed to understand how those temperature and strain rate dependent trends may influence performance in a military ground vehicle application. As environmental temperature increased, the strength and elastic modulus were observed to decrease. Across all three environmental temperatures tested in this study, as the strain rate increased, tensile strength and elastic modulus were observed to increase as well. When applied to a composite hat section geometry, the finite element results highlighted the importance of considering both the environmental temperature and loading rate in the design of composite structures for use in military ground vehicles

Hart, Robert J., Patton, Evan G., Hamilton, Joseph M., Cardenas, Isabela, Luo, Huiyang, Magallanes, Joseph

Optimizing Fused Deposition Modeling Process Parameters for Enhanced Build Time and Mechanical Strength

2024-01-5082

08/20/2024

In this study, we investigate the optimization of additive manufacturing (AM) parameters using a bi-objective optimization approach through the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The objectives are to minimize build time and maximize mechanical strength. Experimental evaluations are conducted on various process parameters, including layer thickness, build orientation, and infill density, with a focus on their impact on build time and mechanical properties. Optimal parameter combinations, such as the lowest layer thickness, vertical build orientation, and relatively low fill density, are identified for maximizing tensile strength while minimizing build time. The consistency between experimental results and those obtained through NSGA-II validation validates the reliability of the optimization approach. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of AM by providing insights into efficient parameter optimization strategies for enhancing both efficiency and

EL Azzouzi, Adil, Zaghar, Hamid, Ziat, Abderazzak, Larbi, Lasri

Uniaxial Stress and Strain Analysis of a Notched Component Made of Cast Irons

05-18-01-0001

08/02/2024

This article investigates the deformation mechanics of cast iron and its implications for notch analysis, particularly in the automotive industry. Cast iron’s extensive use stems from its cost-effectiveness, durability, and adaptability to various mechanical demands. Gray, nodular, and compacted graphite cast irons are the primary types, each offering unique advantages in different applications. The presence of graphite, microcracks, and internal porosity significantly influences cast iron’s stress–strain behavior. Gray and compacted cast iron display an asymmetrical curve, emphasizing low tensile strength and superior compression performance due to graphite flakes and crack closures. Nodular cast iron exhibits a symmetrical curve, indicating balanced mechanical properties under tension and compression. The proposed simplified macrostructural approach, based on monotonic stress–strain, aims to efficiently capture graphite and crack closure effects, enhancing compressive strength and

LaCourt, Cameron, Lee, Yung-Li, Gu, Randy

Steel Tubing, Seamless 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130), Aircraft Quality 150 ksi (1034 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS6362J (Current)

07/23/2024

This specification covers aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of round, seamless tubing

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Precision Enhancement in Tough Polylactic Acid Material Extrusion: A Systematic Response Surface Investigation for Sustainable Manufacturing

13-05-03-0018

07/23/2024

This research systematically explores the significant impact of geometrical dimensions within fused deposition modeling (FDM), with a focus on the influence of raster angle and interior fill percentage. Through meticulous experimentation and the application of response surface modeling (RSM), the influence on critical parameters such as weight, length, width at ends, width at neck, thickness, maximum load, and elongation at tensile strength is thoroughly analyzed. The study, supported by ANOVA, highlights the notable effects of raster angle and interior fill percentage, particularly on width at ends, width at neck, and thickness. During the optimization phase, specific parameters—precisely, a raster angle of 31.68 and an interior fill percentage of 27.15—are identified, resulting in an exceptional desirability score of 0.504. These insights, substantiated by robust statistical data, fill a critical gap in the understanding of 3D-printed parts, offering practical recommendations for

Moradi, Mahmoud, Rezayat, Mohammad, Meiabadi, Saleh, Rasoul, Fakhir A., Shamsborhan, Mahmoud, Casalino, Giuseppe, Karamimoghadam, Mojtaba

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fiber-Reinforced in Cellulose Acetate Composite Compared with Other Fiber Composites

2024-01-5073

07/19/2024

Despite their many similarities, natural fibers have superior mechanical properties to synthetic fibers, including higher ultimate strength, greater elongation, resistance to ethering, biodegradability, lightweight, and fewer toxications. The mechanical characteristics of several matrices reinforced with synthetic and hemp fibers were examined in the current paper. We made the various hemp composites using vinyl ester, cellulose acetate (CA), treated CA, and GFRP (glass fiber-reinforced polymer) with CA. Composites were examined for mechanical characteristics such as tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness. Composites have a density of 1.19 g/cm3. Hemp with vinyl ester has higher tensile strength and flexural properties than other composites, but in impact, GFRP with CA has more impact strength of nearly 400 J/m, so for making eco-friendly biocomposite for lightweight structural applications

Vinoth Kumar, K., Karthick, K., Balasubramanian, M., Chidhamparam, R.S., Jones, S.

Manufacturing Sequence for Fabrication of High-Strength Steel Parts 300M or 4340 Modified Low-Alloy Steels 270,000 psi (1860 MPa) Tensile Strength and Higher

ARP1631A (Current)

06/24/2024

This document establishes the requirements for the sequencing of processes relating to parts fabricated from 300M or 4340 modified steel heat treated to, or to be heat treated to, 270,000 psi (1860 MPa) minimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and higher

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Carbon Steel, Wire Spring Quality Music Wire 0.70 - 1.00C Cold Drawn

AMS5112N (Current)

06/24/2024

This specification covers a carbon steel in the form of wire supplied as coils, spools, or cut lengths (see 8.2

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Steel Bars and Forgings 0.50Cr - 0.55Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38 - 0.43C) (SAE 8740) Heat Treated, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS6327M (Current)

06/13/2024

This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars and forgings 1.50 inches or less in diameter or least distance between parallel sides (thickness

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Seamless Tubing, 72Ni - 15.5Cr - 0.95Cb (Nb) - 2.5Ti - 0.70Al - 7.0Fe (X750), Vacuum Melted, Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation Hardenable to 170 ksi (1172 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS5583G (Current)

05/17/2024

This specification covers a precipitation hardenable corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of seamless tubing

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Steel Tubing, Seamless 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130), Aircraft Quality, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS6361H (Current)

05/09/2024

This specification covers aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of round, seamless tubing

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Effects of Injection Molding on Linum usitatissimum Fiber Polyvinyl Chloride Composites for Automotive Underbody Shields and Floor Trays

2024-01-5053

04/29/2024

The automotive sector’s growing focus on sustainability has been spurred to investigate the creation of sustainable resources for different parts, emphasizing enhancing efficiency and minimizing environmental harm. For use in automobile flooring trays and underbody shields, this study examines the impact of injection molding on composite materials made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Linum usitatissimum (flax) fibers. As processed organic fiber content was increased, the bending and tensile rigidity initially witnessed an upsurge, peaking at a specific fiber loading. At this optimal loading, the composite exhibited tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus values of 41.26 MPa, 52.32 MPa, and 2.65 GPa, respectively. Given their deformation resistance and impact absorption attributes, the mechanical properties recorded suggest that such composites can be efficiently utilized for automotive underbody shields and floor trays. The inherent structure of the flax fiber within

Natrayan, L., Kaliappan, Seeniappan, Balaji, V., Mahesh, V.

Exploring the Mechanical Properties of Modified Pistachio Shell Particulate Composites through Experimental Investigation

2024-01-5052

04/29/2024

The present study focuses on the impacts of pistachio shell particles (2–10 wt.%) on the mechanical and microstructures properties of Al–Cu–Mg/pistachio shell particulate composites. To inspect the impact of the pistachio shell powder content with Al–Cu–Mg alloys, the experimentation was carried out with different alloy samples with constant copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) content. Parameters such as hardness, tensile strength with yield strength and % elongation, impact energy, and microstructure were analyzed. The outcomes demonstrated that the uniform dissemination of the pistachio shell particles with the microstructure of Al–Cu–Mg/pistachio shell composite particulates is the central point liable for the enhancement of the mechanical properties. Incorporating pistachio shell particles, up to 10 wt.%, is a cost-effective reinforcement in the production of metal matrix composites for various manufacturing applications

Om Prakash, S., Srinivasan, V., Selvaraj, Dinesh Kirupha, Nandhakumar, S., Dharmaraj, T.B.

Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet and Strip 18Cr - 8Ni (301) Cold Rolled, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS5517N (Current)

04/10/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) and over in nominal thickness

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

A Novel Approach for Mechanical Characterization of Angle-Ply Composite Laminates

2024-01-2435

04/09/2024

Composites made of continuous fibers generally have higher strength-to-weight ratios in fiber directions as compared to those made of discontinuous fibers. However, the latter tend to display quasi-isotropic properties which can be of advantage when directions of mechanical loading can vary. For many real-world applications such as robust design of vehicle body components for crashworthiness, impact loads are stochastic in nature both in terms of magnitude and direction. Hence, in order to realize the true potential of laminated composites with continuous fibers, instead of orthotropic laminates which are most common due to the ease of design and manufacturing, angle-ply laminates are necessary. The latter category of laminates introduce a high degree of flexibility in design options but are also simultaneously challenging in terms of mechanical characterization due to the presence of a larger number of material parameters, as compared to orthotropic laminates, with coupled normal and

Tanaya, Sushree, Deb, Anindya

FRP Composite Battery Carriers for Commercial Vehicles

2024-01-2431

04/09/2024

The current battery carrier for commercial vehicles is made of steel and is designed to hold two batteries weighing approximately 80 kg to 100 kg. However, this battery carrier faces several issues including corrosion, chemical reactivity, high maintenance requirements and its heavy weight. To tackle these challenges, a fiber-reinforced composite battery carrier is designed and developed specifically for commercial vehicles. The objective is to identify a solution that can meet the performance requirements of both static and dynamic loading, thereby reducing the overall weight. The proposed composite battery carrier offers a lightweight design, requires minimal maintenance, possesses high tensile strength and stiffness and is corrosion and chemical resistant. Furthermore, it provides the flexibility to integrate battery cover locking arrangements for added convenience and security. The structure of the composite battery carrier comprises a continuous glass fiber reinforced composite

Srivastava, Sanjay, Sonkusare, Shailesh

The Influence of Sample Geometry on the Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanisms of 6111 Aluminum Alloy Tensile Specimens

2024-01-2280

04/09/2024

This research focuses on the commercial 6111 aluminum alloy as the subject of investigation. By designing tensile specimens with the same characteristic dimensions but varying fillet radii, the effects of fillet radius on the tensile properties and stress concentration effects of the aluminum alloy were studied through tensile testing and digital image correlation techniques. The results demonstrate that with an increase in fillet radius, the failure strength and stress distribution of the aluminum alloy specimens have both undergone alterations. This phenomenon can be attributed to the reduction of stress concentration at the fillet due to the larger fillet radius. Further verification through digital image correlation reaffirms that samples with a fillet radius of 10mm exhibit notable stress concentration effects at the fillet, while specimens with a fillet radius increased to 40mm display uniform plastic deformation across the parallel section. The study also reveals that during the

Gao, Zhongfang, Chen, Xiaoming, Zheng, Xiaowan, Yang, Lianxiang

Parameter Identification of Constitute Model of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene under Adiabatic Temperature Rise Loads

2024-01-2355

04/09/2024

To characterize the stress flow behavior of engineering plastic glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (PPGF) commonly used in automotive interior and exterior components, mechanical property is measured using a universal material testing machine and a servo-hydraulic tensile testing machine under quasi-static, high temperature, and high strain rate conditions. Stress versus strain curves of materials under different conditions are obtained. Based on the measured results, a new parameter identification method of the Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive model is proposed by considering the adiabatic temperature rise effect. Firstly, a material-level experiment method is carried out for glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (PPGF) materials, and the influence of wide strain rate range, and large temperature span on the material properties is studied from a macroscopic perspective. Then, the model parameters of the J-C constitutive model are identified based on the experimental data, and the

Zheng, Wei-Jun, Liu, Xiao-Ang, Shangguan, Wen-Bin, Zhang, Qu, Gu, Chen-guang

Enhancement of Physical and Mechanical Attributes of a Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composite for Engineering Applications

2024-01-2237

04/09/2024

A natural fiber based polymer composite has the advantage of being more environment-friendly from a life cycle standpoint when compared to composites reinforced with widely-used synthetic fibers. The former category of composites also poses reduced health risks during handling, formulation and usage. In the current study, jute polymer laminates are studied, with the polymeric resin being a general purpose polyester applied layer-by-layer on bi-directionally woven jute plies. Fabrication of flat laminates following the hand layup method combined with compression molding yields a jute polymer composite of higher initial stiffness and tensile strength, compared to commonly used plastics, coupled with consistency for engineering design applications. However, the weight-saving potential of a lightweight material such as the current jute-polyester composite can be further enhanced through improvement of its behavior under mechanical loading. A weakness of a natural fiber reinforced composite

Karthika, M R, Deb, Anindya, Arockiasamy, Madasamy

Development of Mo-Free Ultra-High Strength 1.6-GPa Bolt with Delayed Fracture Resistance for Multi-Link Type Engine

2024-01-2070

04/09/2024

Mo-free 1.6-GPa bolt was developed for a Variable Compression Turbo (VC-Turbo) engine, which is environment friendly and improves fuel efficiency and output. Mo contributes to the improvement of delayed fracture resistance; therefore, the main objective is to achieve both high strength and delayed fracture resistance. Therefore, Si is added to the developed steel to achieve high strength and delayed fracture resistance. The delayed fracture tests were performed employing the Hc/He method. Hc is the limit of the diffusible hydrogen content without causing a delayed fracture under tightening, and He is the diffusible hydrogen content entering under a hydrogen-charging condition equivalent to the actual environment. The delayed fracture resistance is compared between the developed steel and the SCM440 utilized for 1.2-GPa class bolt as a representative of the current high-strength bolts. Owing to delayed fracture test, Hc/He of developed steel is 49.1 (Hc:3.39 ppm, He:0.069 ppm), and that

Sekine, Daiki, Oyanagi, Mitsushi, Hamada, Takahiro, Furukawa, Takayoshi, Matsumoto, Yosuke, Kanoe, Shinji

Multifactorial Mechanical Properties Study on Rat Skin at Intermediate Strain Rates - Using Orthogonal Experimental Design

2024-01-2512

04/09/2024

Most of the skin injuries caused by traffic accidents, sports, falls, etc. are in the intermediate strain rate range (1-100s-1), and the injuries may occur at different sites, impact velocities, and orientations. To investigate the multifactorial mechanical properties of rat skin at intermediate strain rates, a three-factor, three-level experimental protocol was established using the standard orthogonal table L9(34), which includes site (upper dorsal, lower dorsal, and ventral side), strain rate (1s-1, 10s-1, and 100 s-1), and sampling orientation (0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the spine). Uniaxial tensile tests were performed on rat skin samples according to the protocol to obtain stress-stretch ratio curves. Failure strain energy was selected as the index, and the influence of each factor on these indexes, the differences between levels of each factor, and the influence of errors on the results were quantified by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that the site factor has

Yang, Shuaijun, Song, Xuewei, Zhao, Hui, Qiu, Jinlong, Wang, Nan, Yu, Tianming

Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars and Wire 15Cr - 25.5Ni - 1.2Mo - 2.1Ti - 0.006B - 0.30V Consumable Electrode Remelted 1800 °F (982 °C) Solution Heat Treated and Work-Strengthened 160 ksi (1103 MPa) Tensile Strength Capability

AMS5853E (Current)

04/01/2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of work-strengthened bars and wire, 1-1/4 inches (31.8 mm) and under in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 17Cr - 12Ni - 2.5Mo (316) Cold Rolled, 1/4 Hard, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS5907D (Current)

03/27/2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 18Cr - 9.0Ni (302) Cold Rolled, 1/4 Hard, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS5903D (Current)

03/27/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet and Strip 18Cr - 9.0Ni (302) Cold Rolled, 1/2 Hard, 150 ksi (1034 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS5904D (Current)

03/27/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet and Strip 18Cr - 9.0Ni (302) Cold Rolled, 3/4 Hard, 175 ksi (1207 MPa) Tensile Strength

AMS5905D (Current)

03/27/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Enhancing Mechanical Behavior of As-Built Polyamide 6+Glass Fiber Produced with Fused Filament Fabrication via Varying Infill Pattern

2024-01-5035

03/15/2024

Additive manufacturing is currently being investigated for the production of components aiming for near net shape. The presence of chopped glass fibers with PA6 increases the melt viscosity and also changes the coefficients of thermal expansion and increase the heat resistance. The great dimensional stability obtained with the fusion of the PA6 with the fiber results in an extremely durable material even in adverse environments for many other materials used in 3D printing. PA6 is a material oriented for users who need to make structural parts and exposed to high mechanical stresses. The impact, test tensile, and flexural results for as-built PA6 with various infill patterns, including grid, triangle, trihexagon, and cubic, are tested

Raja, R., Jannet, Sabitha, Verghese, Jerry, Abhishek, Pullanikkat, John, Febin Cherian, Hyjan, Hywin

Synergistic Impact of Mechanical Properties on Friction Stir Welding Zone Formation in Magnesium Alloy: An Optimized Approach

2024-01-5034

03/14/2024

A growing number of industries are utilizing friction stir welding (FSW), which has shown promise for joining different materials. In this study, the impacts of rotation speed and tool pin shape are examined, as well as the FSW zone generation in the magnesium alloy AZ31. The physical attributes of rotation speed, feed rate, pin profile shape, and the mechanical properties of the AZ31 magnesium alloy hardness, impact energy, and tensile strength are examined in this research to determine the properties of FSW. Under optimal conditions, taper-threaded tool pins, 40 mm/min welding speed, and 1000 rpm rotation speed achieved maximal micro-hardness. The FSW tool creates heat at 1000 rpm, improving the softened metal’s mechanical properties. Thus, the metal content in the stir zone was uniform. Some process variables impacted the response surface methodology (RSM) parametric design and subsequent optimization procedure. According to the analysis, the tool’s rotational speed was the key

Sabari, K., Muniappan, A., Singh, Mandeep

Surface Modification of Henequen Fibers with Catalyst for Improving Mechanical and Thermal Properties in Phenolic Composites for Automotive Uses

2024-01-5029

02/27/2024

In this study, henequen fibers that had been treated with NaOH were used as reinforcements in phenolic-based materials. The hot-pressing method was used to create composites, which were then tested for tensile, flexural, fundamental, and thermogravimetric characteristics. When compared with samples that were untreated, the total attributes of fiber interface modification and treatment improved. The treated varieties of 50% henequen materials had the best tensile qualities of all composites, although their flexural values fell somewhat in comparison to the unprocessed materials. Fiber processing reduced the three-point bending characteristics of henequen composites. SEM was used to investigate the behavior of matrix and fiber bonding prior to and following pretreatment. Processed with 50% henequen resulted in improved fiber dispersion, 60% henequen resulted in void content, whereas 40% henequen resulted in inadequate fiber/matrix interface bonding. Thermogravimetric evaluation was used

Seeniappan, Kaliappan, Natrayan, L.

An Experimental Study of Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Based Stir Casted Metal Matrix Composite

2023-01-5104

02/23/2024

The requirement for lightweight, high-performance materials with higher wear resistance, which is critical in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and consumer-related sectors, has fueled the development of particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMCs). These materials are an appealing alternative for a broad variety of scientific and technological applications due to their remarkable mechanical qualities and low cost. The primary goal of developing metal matrix composite materials is to combine the favorable properties of metals and ceramics. This study included several experimental experiments to explore the behavior of stir-cast composites made of aluminum grade 6063 with varying amounts of SiC, Al2O3, and TiO2 reinforcements. The specimens obtained through the use of stir casting methodologies are subjected to a wide range of mechanical tests, including tensile tests, impact analyses, hardness measurements, and tribological investigations such as sliding wear tests and

Chaudhary, Amit S., Waghulde, Kishor B., Javanjal, Vijaykumar Kisan, Subhash, Gadhave

The Impacts of Fly Ash Particles on the Zinc Aluminum Casting Alloy and Its Mechanical Properties

2023-01-5123

02/23/2024

Fly ash is a light byproduct produced when pulverized coal is burnt in suspension-fueled furnaces in power plants. Separating the recovered fly ash from the exhaust gases. Due to its distinct physical and chemical properties, it is utilized in a wide variety of industrial and building applications. These applications include the production of cement and concrete, the stabilization of liquid waste, and hydraulic mining backfill. Fly ash has the potential to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of aluminum castings, as well as reduce their costs and increase their densities, all while lowering their prices. This research investigated the effect of fly ash incorporation on the mechanical properties of the aluminum casting alloy ZA8. Investigated were the cast and heat-treated varieties of unreinforced ZA8 and its metal matrix composite of 15% ferrous, 20% nickel, 10% fly ash, and 10% magnesium carbide. According to the results, the quantity of fly ash in the melt affected the

Dinesh Krishnaa, S., Pandiyan, Manikandaprabu, Ben Ruben, R., Dhiyaneswaran, J., Sanjay Kumar, S.

Impact of Kenaf Fiber and Inorganic Nanofillers on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Automotive Applications

2023-01-5115

02/23/2024

Due to the increasing demand for lightweight and eco-friendly materials in the automotive sector, alternative fibers like kenaf are gaining attention as potential materials for car components. This study aims to evaluate the impact of fly ash and Al2O3 nanomaterials on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of kenaf fiber-reinforced composites, particularly for automotive applications. Various composites were produced and tested using standard manual fabrication methods for key mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, inter-laminar shear strength, hardness, and impact resistance. Adding kenaf fibers, fly ash, and Al2O3 nanofillers to epoxy composites demonstrated a noticeable improvement in the thermomechanical properties of the resulting material. This enhancement is attributed to improved interfacial bonding and uniform distribution of the nanofillers within the polymer matrix. In our analysis, Al2O3 nanofillers had a more significant impact on the

Kaliappan, S., Natrayan, L.

Investigation on Mechanical Behaviour of Glass Fiber Reinforced with Banana Slacks and Coconut Coir

2023-01-5101

02/23/2024

Natural fibers are increasingly being used to reinforce glass fiber composites rather than synthetic fibers because of their increased tensile strength, despite some inherent disadvantages. With the help of the structural analysis program ANSYS, three different combinations were thoroughly analyzed with an eye toward factors like total deformation, equivalent elastic strain, and equivalent stress in order to determine the best combination. The composite specimen exhibiting the best performance qualities was chosen for further manufacturing. A fracture load of 8.93 kN and a tensile strength of 81.46 MPa were obtained from tensile strength tests and Charpy impact tests performed on samples made from the composite. The impact test, which produced a value of 14 J using a 15 kg pendulum, also shed light on the ability to absorb energy during fracture. These results indicate that the composite material has qualities that make it a good choice for dashboards and panels for automobiles

Santhosh, S., Sakthivel, P., Premkumar, M., Raghulkumar, M., Ragul, M., Ragul, S.

Polypropylene Composite Materials with Natural Fiber Reinforcement: An Acoustic and Mechanical Analysis for Automotive Implementations

2023-01-5130

02/23/2024

This research looks at the acoustic and mechanical characteristics of polypropylene (PP) composites supplemented with natural fibers to determine whether they are appropriate for automotive use. To generate composites that are hybrids, four diverse natural fibers, including Calotropis gigantea (CGF), jute, sisal, and kenaf, were mixed into PP matrices. The study examines how fiber type, frequency, and thickness affect sound absorption and mechanical strength. The results show that these natural fiber-reinforced composites have improved mechanical characteristics, with CGF (73.26 shore D value of Hardness), sisal (42.35 MPa tensile) and jute fibers showing particularly promising materials. Furthermore, the acoustic study emphasizes these materials’ frequency-dependent sound absorption properties, with particular efficacy in mid-frequency regions. Such organic reinforcement fiber materials’ acoustic performance is tested at 5 mm and 10 mm thicknesses. When a 5 mm thick sample is examined

Kaliappan, S., Natrayan, L.

Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Date Seed and Neem Gum Powder Added Natural Composites

2023-01-5150

02/23/2024

The experimental investigation aims to improve natural composite materials aligned with feasible development principles. These composites can be exploited across several industries, including the automobile and biomedical sectors. This research employs date seed powder and neem gum powder as reinforcing agents, along with polyester resin as the base material. The fabrication route comprises compression moulding, causing the production of the natural composite material. This study focuses extensively on mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact resistance to undergo comprehensive testing. Furthermore, the chemical properties of the composites are examined using the FTIR test to gain understanding by integrating different proportions of date seed powder (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and neem gum powder (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) in the matrix phase. These investigation goals are to evaluate the strength and performance of the fabricated composite

DINESH, D., Boopathiraja, K.P., Rajamurugan, G., Ramamoorthi, R., Yuvaraj, K.P., Babu, N.

Behavioral Analysis of Aluminum Alloy under Cyclic Channel Die Compression for Automotive Application

2023-01-5124

02/23/2024

In recent days, the severe plastic deformation process has played an important role in enhancing the mechanical properties of the material. This work involves the usage of the above method called the cyclic channel die compression method. Applications of this material include lightweight structures for automotive and aerospace industries, sports goods having a high strength-to-weight ratio, and medical implants, etc. A die was fabricated and Al6082 material was processed and its properties were characterized. Al6082 material was annealed to 445°C for 90 minutes, to solutioning the aluminum alloy's precipitates, resulting in increased ductility and yield stress of the aluminum alloy. Then alloy was filed to the required size to correctly fit into the die cavity. After that aluminum alloy was kept in the die cavity and it was compressed using the universal testing machine to the predetermined dimensions with constant cross-head travel of 0.001mm/s. At a certain point, it results in an

Balasubramanian, M., Madhu, S., Prathap, P.

An Investigation on Effect of Inorganic Reinforcement Materials and Taguchi-Based Optimization on Manufacturing of Hybrid Composites (AI7068

2023-01-5141

02/23/2024

A crucial characteristic of composites, which are manufactured from elements of metal, is their mechanical and durability properties. A variety of reinforcing agents and metal nanoparticles are used to create aluminum-based hybrid metal-material composites. These composites are an advantageous alternative for sectors with limited resources because of their robustness, wear resistance, and thermal management capabilities. Manufacturing sectors employ Taguchi optimisation and Grey relational analysis to enhance the mechanical and durability properties of aluminum-based hybrid metal composites. To comprehend the interrelationships between reinforcing materials such as Al2O3 and SiC at constant fly ash concentration, five responses such as wear loss, tensile strength, elongation rate, impact strength, and hardness were considered and assessed. The Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method is used to optimise these responses and transform them into Grey Relational Grade (GRG). The Grey

Hemanth Kumar, R., Venkatachalapathy, V.S.K., Arumugam, Thiagarajan, LAZAR, MARTIN

Deformation of 8561 Aluminium Alloy during Mechanical Stir Processing at Higher Temperature

2023-01-5160

02/23/2024

The current research examines the structural and mechanical properties of sheets made from the 8561 aluminum alloy using the dynamic stir procedure. After being treated perpendicular to the direction of rolling, the compressive material characteristics of the strips were investigated at room temperature in the longitudinal and vertical dimensions relative to the treatment orientation. Tensile tests at the grain boundary were also performed at relatively high temperatures and different strain rates to assess the ductile mechanical properties of the crystallization substance and to ensure the distinctions from the parent material caused by the dynamic stir process. Tensile testing at temperatures and strain rates ranging from 380 °C to 780 °C was employed in parallel studies of the material's behavior at high temperatures. Electron microscopy was used to examine the fracture surfaces of specimens evaluated at various temperatures

Srinivasan, V.P., Duraithilagar, S., Santhosh, S., Bharani Kumar, S., Karthi, V.

Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Automobile Parts using Flax/Epoxy-Graphene Nanofiller Composites

2023-01-5116

02/23/2024

With the evolving demand in the automobile industry for lightweight and sustainable components, the study of natural fiber composites has gained significance. Such fibers are economically efficient and offer advantageous weight-specific properties. Additionally, they are non-abrasive and environmentally degradable, marking them as viable alternatives to conventional automobile materials. This research emphasizes the flax-based composite, developed using the hand lay-up method and augmented with three distinct graphene nanofillers. The graphene fillers are categorized as large nanorods (dimensions 3-5 nm, lengths 150-300 nm), small nano threads (dimensions 6-12 nm, lengths under 50 nm), and spherical particulates (dimensions 29-39 nm). Reinforcement was consistently maintained at 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight. The results indicate that a 4 wt.% inclusion of spherical graphene nanoparticles is particularly effective in enhancing the ultimate tensile strength and fracture elongation of the

Kaliappan, S., Natrayan, L.

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