Browse Topic: Forming

Items (5,452)
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) based on sulfide electrolytes hold great promise for next-generation energy storage, yet their performance is critically constrained by unstable cathode–electrolyte interfaces. Here, we report a dual-modification strategy utilizing ionic liquids (ILs) in combination with lithium salts to simultaneously improve interfacial wettability, ionic transport, and electrochemical stability in NCM811 composite cathodes. Three ILs (EMIMTFSI, Pyr₁₄FSI, and PP₁₃FSI) and three lithium salts (LiTFSI, LiDFOB, and LiBOB) were systematically evaluated and screened. While neat ILs improved initial capacities by reducing solid–solid contact resistance, they also triggered parasitic reactions with sulfides, resulting in capacity fading. Among the lithium salts, LiBOB was identified as the most chemically compatible additive, forming thin and uniform hybrid interphases enriched with B–O species. This interphase effectively suppressed high-voltage side reactions and reduced
Gu, Yu-YangTian, Shi-YuQi, JiYang, Li-PengZhan, Wen-WeiYang, Xiao-GuangYi, Yong
This study focuses on the vibration analysis of hybrid composite laminated plates fabricated from E-glass Fiber and areca Fiber reinforced with epoxy resin. The hybrid laminates were prepared using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) process with different stacking sequences and Fiber ratios, where brake lining powder was also incorporated as a filler in selected configurations to enhance mechanical and damping properties. The fabricated plates (280 × 280 mm) were subjected to experimental modal analysis using an impact hammer and accelerometer setup, with data acquisition carried out through DEWESoft software. Natural frequencies and damping ratios were determined under three boundary conditions (C- C-C-C, C-F-C-F, and C-F-F-F). The results revealed that Plate 1, with E-glass outer layers, areca reinforcement, and filler addition, exhibited the best vibration performance, achieving a maximum natural frequency of 332.8 Hz under C-C-C-C condition, while Plate 2 showed a
D R, RajkumarO, Vivin LeninR, SaktheevelR G, Ajay KrishnaNg, Bhavan
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, tubing, and profiles.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This study discusses the generalized workflow and design techniques for detecting radiated emissions from vehicle electronic systems to ensure an electromagnetic compatible (EMC) vehicle specified by radiated emission standards such as CISPR-12 and CISPR-25. In this work, CST studio suite software is used to examine the vertical polarization in an E vehicle. The results of the radiated emission are plotted as dBμV/m vs Hz to understand the radiation effects generated by different electronic devices across different frequencies. The discussed method serves as a guide for forming a virtual electromagnetic environment where a real vehicle is simulated to study the interference effects and design a suitable filter to reduce the effect of EMI.
Manuelraj, MasilamaniPrasad, SuryanarayanaNarayanan, Siva Suriya
This research investigates the applicability of ADC12 aluminum alloy in sand casting processes and compares its casting behavior and performance with that of conventionally sand-cast alloys such as A356 and AlSi10Mg. ADC12 is primarily utilized in high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and low-pressure die casting (LPDC) due to its excellent castability, pressure tightness, and favorable mechanical properties in thin-walled components. However, its use in sand casting is minimal globally, primarily due to the alloy’s high silicon and iron content, which can lead to poor feeding characteristics, increased porosity, and structural non-uniformity in non-pressurized molds. In this study, 3 mm thick test castings were produced using conventional sand casting methods, with particular attention to mold and core design to simulate challenging flow and solidification conditions. Comparative castings of A356 and AlSi10Mg were also produced under identical conditions to establish performance baselines
Subramani, RajeshSingh, GajendraDoddamani, Mrityunjay
This paper presents a comprehensive numerical methodology for simulating the coupled process-structure behavior of short glass fiber-reinforced, injection-molded thermoplastics. The approach integrates elastoplastic and anisotropic material characteristics using three engineering tools: Moldflow, Digimat, and ABAQUS. It accounts for fiber orientation and injection molding defects, linking to thermo-mechanical performance. This method enables accurate virtual modeling of real-time injection-molded components by transferring anisotropic data from Moldflow to ABAQUS. In this study, short fiber orientation and potential injection molding defects such as weld lines and residual stresses are discussed using Moldflow simulation. Besides, Digimat is employed as an interface tool to facilitate the transfer of Moldflow simulation results, namely fiber orientation and material behavior in the allied configurations directly into ABAQUS. This integration enables the evaluation of thermo-mechanical
T, KalingaYanamadala, Dharma TejaMattupalli, VenkataChirravuri, BhaskaraMiller, Ronald
Aluminum alloy wheels have become the preferred choice over steel wheels due to their lightweight nature, enhanced aesthetics, and contribution to improved fuel efficiency. Traditionally, these wheels are manufactured using methods such as Gravity Die Casting (GDC) [1] or Low Pressure Die Casting (LPDC) [2]. As vehicle dynamics engineers continue to increase tire sizes to optimize handling performance, the corresponding increase in wheel rim size and weight poses a challenge for maintaining low unsprung mass, which is critical for ride quality. To address this, weight reduction has become a priority. Flow forming [3,4], an advanced wheel rim production technique, which offers a solution for reducing rim weight. This process employs high-pressure rollers to shape a metal disc into a wheel, specifically deforming the rim section while leaving the spoke and hub regions unaffected. By decreasing rim thickness, flow forming not only enhances strength and durability but also reduces overall
Singh, Ram KrishnanMedaboyina, HarshaVardhanG K, BalajiGopalan, VijaysankarSundaram, RaghupathiPaua, Ketan
Automobile frames, particularly trellis frame structures, are engineered for superior dynamic performance, with stiffness being a paramount consideration1. These frames frequently utilize welded tubes, a manufacturing process made more complex by the necessity of bending tubes to precise angles to meet packaging and assembly requirements2. This bending, however, induces residual stresses that can substantially compromise the frame's durability3. This investigation employs a detailed finite element simulation to analyse the structural deformation and residual stresses that arise during the bending of Cold Electric Welded (CEW) annealed round pipes4. A comprehensive 3D mechanical model, incorporating realistic tooling and contact interactions, was developed to accurately simulate shape change, ovality, and wall thickness redistribution during the bending process5. CEW pipes, unlike their Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) counterparts, possess minimal initial forming stresses, and the
Rajwani, IshwarKhare, Saharash
In the automotive industry, during the early phase of development, numerical prediction of strength and durability of chassis parts become crucial as these predictions help in design optimization, selecting the appropriate material and identifying potential issues before physical prototypes are built. One of the crucial simulation requirements is the prediction of accurate load carrying capacity or bucking load of axle links. When it comes to the sheet metal axle links there is a deviation in the hardware test and CAE results for load carrying capacity due to the non-integration of forming effects in the numerical simulation, resulting in overdesign of parts, increased costs and development time. This study aims to address these challenges by integrating forming effects experienced by the part during forming process into static strength simulations. These effects include plastic straining, which contributes to material strain hardening and local thickness changes that lead to thinning
R B, GovindSelvaraj, Nirmal Velgin
David Martin, CBMM Asia Bernardo Barile, CBMM Europe BV Caio Pisano, CBMM Europe BV Automotive high strength steels have specific microstructure-dependent forming characteristics. Global formability is generally associated with high uniform strain values which imply good drawability and stretch forming properties driven by pronounced work hardening. Local formability on the other hand is often measured by various fracture strain values—generally higher in single phase steels. In this respect, the so-called ‘local/global formability map’ concept has been established not only to provide a comprehensive methodology to characterize existing automotive steels but also to enable improvement strategies toward more balanced forming characteristics. Niobium (Nb) microalloying is a powerful tool to achieve both property improvement in general and property balance in particular. More than two decades of research has demonstrated that Nb-induced microstructural optimization is applicable to HSLA
Barile, Bernardo
The tailgate, as the rearmost vehicle opening, plays a pivotal role in defining the rear aesthetic theme while ensuring structural durability and maximizing luggage space. Contemporary automotive design trends highlight an increasing demand for Full width tailgate-mounted tail lamp configurations, which deliver a bold and dynamic visual appeal. Enhanced by animated lighting features, these designs cater to the preferences of Gen Z customers, becoming a decisive factor in purchasing decisions. However, integrating these complex tail lamp structures introduces significant engineering challenges, including increased X-dimension lamp volume, thereby providing reduced design space, and intricate mounting schemes constrained by panel stamping limitations. These factors necessitate the development of innovative joinery strategies and structural definitions to maintain durability targets, including achieving 25,000–30,000 slam cycles without failure, while preserving luggage space. This paper
Beryl, JoshuaMohanty, AbhinabUnadkat, SiddharthSelvan, Veera
Tire noise reduction is important for improving ride comfort, especially in electric vehicle due to lack of engine noise and majority of the noise generated in-cabin is from tire-road interaction. Therefore, the tire tread pattern contribution is one of the important criteria for NVH performance apart from other structurally generated noise and vibration. In this work a GUI-based pitch sequence optimization tool is developed to support tire design engineers in generating acoustically optimized tread sequences. The tool operates in two modes: without constraints, where the pitch sequence is optimized freely to reduce tonal noise levels; and with constraints, where specific design rules are applied to preserve pattern consistency and manufacturability. The key point to be considered in this pitch sequence is that it should be reducing the tonal sound and equally spread i.e., the same pitch cannot be concentrated on one side which may lead to non-uniformity. So, the restriction is that
Sampathraghavan, LakshmiRamarathnam, Krishna KumarMantripragada PhD, Krishna TejaRamachandran, Neeraj
This paper focuses on the development of a lightweight, functionally integrated Front-End Structure (FES) using plastic-metal hybrid injection molding technology. The objective is to achieve modularization, part consolidation, weight and cost reduction. The proposed design integrates multiple components into a single module which makes assembly faster and easier. A mounting strategy with fixation features was added into the structure, which effectively supports various components and sub-assemblies. Component-level Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was carried out which includes static strength analysis, bending and torsional stiffness analysis, modal analysis as well as latch pull test to achieve required structural strength. Ribbing structures were designed and optimized based on FEA result to provide the necessary strength and stiffness to the structure within the minimum weight. Moldflow analysis was carried out to evaluate manufacturability with focusing on gate design, minimizing
Srivastava, SanjayThakoor, Shruti GhanshyamSonkusare, Shailesh
The increasing demand for sustainable and space-efficient manufacturing solutions in the automotive industry has driven the search for alternative processes to conventional hot stamping. This study proposes a novel localized heat treatment technique based on Joule heating, aiming to reduce the physical footprint of production equipment, simplify the thermal processing of structural components, and minimize the carbon footprint of the process. The method consists of cold stamping followed by localized austenitization of 22MnB5 steel using electrically powered copper electrodes, eliminating the need for large-scale gas-fired furnaces. The process is particularly advantageous in the Brazilian context, where the electric energy matrix is predominantly hydroelectric, contributing to lower CO2 emissions. Experimental trials were conducted using a Gleeble® thermomechanical simulator to optimize thermal cycle parameters (heating rate, austenitization temperature, and soaking time) ensuring the
Santana, JessicaCurti, GustavoLima, TiagoSarmento, MatheusCallegari, BrunaFolle, Luis
As vehicles become increasingly connected and electrified, the demand for high-performance cables and electrical connectors is growing quickly. Electrical insulation materials play an essential role in protecting and insulating those critical components, ensuring reliability, safety and durability. The development of a more robust composite material is essential to promote sustainability and energy efficiency, in both component application and its manufacturing processes. This research explores the development of advanced nanocomposite material for automotive electrical applications. The nanocomposite material comprises low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), nanoclay (NC) and graphene oxide (GO), processed via melt mixing in a twin-screw extruder. A design of experiments (DOE) was performed using 23, factorial design two levels and three variables (wt.% of EVA, NC and GO), to evaluate the effect of each variable on the material performance. Mechanical tests
Horiuchi, Lucas NaoKerche, Eduardo FischerGonçalves, Everaldo CarlosPolkowski, Rodrigo
Polymer composites with the addition of natural fibers have gained prominence as a sustainable and technically viable alternative to conventional synthetic materials, especially in applications that require a balance between mechanical performance and environmental responsibility. This study evaluated the mechanical behavior of composites produced with plant fibers from banana (Musa sapientum) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), both sourced from the northern region of Brazil. The fibers, used in their natural state without chemical treatment, were cut to a uniform length of 5 mm for standardization. The polymer matrix used was unsaturated terephthalic polyester resin, pre-accelerated and catalyzed with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP). The molding of test samples was performed manually in silicone molds, according to ASTM D638 specifications, to ensure repeatability and comparability of results. The mechanical tests revealed that the composites made with sugarcane fibers had
Santos Borges, LarissaDias, Roberto Yuri CostaBrandao, Leonardo William MacedoMendonca Maia, Pedro VictorSilva de Mendonça, Alian GomesFujiyama, Roberto Tetsuo
The work presented here was developed within the scope of the Tire-Tooling Benchmark Project – Mover – FUNDEP – Line IV – in response to demands from the tire manufacturing sector for solutions to monitor tire molds. This study presented the development and validation of an embedded device that integrates RFID technology, wireless communication (LoRa and Wi-Fi), and local processing via an ESP32 microcontroller. The system was capable of collecting and processing data related to mold lifecycle, such as usage cycles, inspections, and maintenance activities, enabling predictive maintenance strategies. A functional prototype was successfully built and tested, validating reliable cycle readings, stable communication with a remote database, and consistent embedded logic. Based on these results, a custom Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was designed, focusing on robustness, compactness, and industrial applicability. Although the PCB has not yet been fabricated or tested in the production
Pivetta, Italo MeneguelloCecone, Eduardo ChristianoDel Conte, Erik Gustavo
Dangling from a weather balloon 80,000 feet above New Mexico, a pair of antennas sticks out from a Styrofoam cooler. From that height, the blackness of space presses against Earth’s blue skies. But the antennas are not captivated by the breathtaking view. Instead, they listen for signals that could make air travel safer.
Automotive industry frequently uses 3D printed plastic proto parts during new product development phases as it bypasses the high tooling investment & development time at early part development stage. However, for some application, 3D printing technique & its limited material options are not fulfilling the required material properties in the part, resulting poor performance during product testing which may mislead the design engineer during validation process. To overcome this, we introduce a novel approach in constructing injection molding tool by 3D printing the core and cavity using Stereolithography (SLA). This enables production of parts with application-recommended material grades, facilitating traditional validation and increasing stakeholder confidence. This paper compares part quality from 3D printed molds against conventional metallic molds for a shifter gear housing cover, demonstrating a 45% reduction in tooling costs and a 75% decrease in tooling development time. Mold life
Gandhi, Sorna RajendranGunduboina, Chaitanya
Yamaha Motor Engineering Co., Ltd. provides plastic processing technology based on fuel tank press forming technology, and is developing various plastic processing methods, including forging, and developing mold equipment to realize them. This time, the core parts of the YECVT unit mounted on Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.'s small premium scooter "NMAX" were not made by welding individual parts to each other, but by integrally forming them from a single thick plate using the cold forming method, resulting in lightweight, compact, high-strength, high-precision parts. By incorporating a composite plastic processing method that takes advantage of the characteristics of the material while making full use of analysis technology and mold technology, we were able to develop a composite plastic processing method (plate forging method) that creates new added value and mass produce it. In addition,this development has made it possible to achieve a thickness increase of 1.7 times the standard material
Hongo, HironariTamaru, ShogoUda, Shinnosuke
Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed additively manufactured thermal protection system (AMTPS) comprised of two printable heat shield material formulations. These formulations are directly applied by 3D printer or other robotic extrusion system and bonded to a spacecraft to devise a heat shield suitable for atmospheric entry. This technology could significantly decrease heat shield or thermal protection system (TPS) fabrication cost and time.
Bruno Boutantin, Extrude Hone
When it comes to plastics applications, cars are rarely the first products that come to mind. However, with modern vehicles containing 1,000 to 1,500 plastic parts — including dashboards, control elements, clips, trim parts, brackets, door panels, bumpers, and radiator grilles — the material is more important for mobility than we might assume. Some of these plastic parts are relevant for the drivers’ safety: for instance, airbag covers must open correctly in an accident and seat belt guides and retractors could cause severe injuries if they break or deform under load. Their quality is vital. At the same time however, cost pressure and new regulations — for instance regarding an increased use of recycled materials that is under way in the European Union — pose new challenges, especially in plastic injection molding. Digital solutions for measurement technology help control and stabilize the complex process and may even lead to increased product quality despite tougher conditions.
Researchers have developed a soft, thin-film auditory brainstem implant (ABI). The device uses micrometer-scale platinum electrodes embedded in silicone, forming a pliable array just a fraction of a millimeter thick. This novel approach enables better tissue contact, potentially preventing off-target nerve activation and reducing side effects.
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, and profiles (shapes) from 0.375 to 1.300 inches (9.53 to 33.02 mm) in diameter or thickness, produced with cross-sectional area of 22.5 square inches (145 cm2), maximum, and a circumscribing circle diameter (circle size) of 17.4 inches (44.2 cm), maximum (see 2.4 and 8.8).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This standard establishes the dimensional and visual quality requirements, lot requirements, and packaging and labeling requirements for O-rings machined from AMS3617 polyamide material. It shall be used for procurement purposes.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant iron alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification controls surface condition, manufacturing defects and inspection requirements, and defines methods of measurement for elastomeric toroidal sealing rings (O-rings) for static (including gasket) applications.
A-6C2 Seals Committee
In order to comply with increasingly stringent emission regulations and ensure clean air, wall-flow particulate filters are predominantly used in exhaust gas aftertreatment systems of combustion engines to remove reactive soot and inert ash particles from exhaust gases. These filters consist of parallel porous channels with alternately closed ends, effectively separating particles by forming a layer on the filter surface. However, the accumulated particulate layer increases the pressure drop across the filter, requiring periodic filter regeneration. During regeneration, soot oxidation breaks up the particulate layer, while resuspension and transport of individual agglomerates can occur. These phenomena are influenced by gas temperature and velocity, as well as by the dispersity and reactivity of the soot particles. Renewable and biomass based fuels can produce different types of soot with different reactivities and dispersities. Therefore, this study focuses on the influences of soot
Desens, OleHagen, Fabian P.Meyer, JörgDittler, Achim
This SAE Standard covers normalized electric-resistance welded flash-controlled single-wall, low-carbon steel pressure tubing intended for use as pressure lines and in other applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, double flaring, beading, forming, and brazing. Material produced to this specification is not intended to be used for single flare applications, due to the potential leak path caused by the Inside Diameter (ID) weld bead or scarfed region. Assumption of risks when using this material for single flare applications shall be defined by agreement between the producer and purchaser. This specification also covers SAE J356 Type-A tubing. The mechanical properties and performance requirements of SAE J356 and SAE J356 Type-A are the same. The SAE J356 or SAE J356 Type-A designation define unique manufacturing differences between coiled and straight material. Nominal reference working pressures for this tubing are listed in ISO 10763 for metric tubing, and SAE
Metallic Tubing Committee
Accurate prediction of the ultimate breakage pressure load for pyro-inflator housing is a critical aspect of inflator development. In this study, the tensile test of a specimen, from its initial shape to fracture, is simulated to verify the material properties of the inflator housing. The numerical results demonstrate high accuracy, with the tensile force–displacement curve, maximum tensile force, necking in the concentrated instability zone, fracture location, and inclined angle all closely matching the experimental data. Following material correlation, the ultimate breakage load of the inflator housing under hydrostatic burst test conditions is calculated using an explicit solver. A stress tensor state analysis method is proposed to define the ultimate load based on the onset of plastic instability in the thickness direction at the top center of the inflator. Compared to experimental results, the accuracy of the ultimate breakage pressure prediction using this method is 99.04%, while
Wang, Cheng
There is a critical need to understand and optimize the extrudability of AA6xxx alloys, which are widely used in industries such as automotive and aerospace due to their favorable combination of strength, formability, and corrosion resistance. Surface cracking during the extrusion process remains a significant challenge, compromising the material’s mechanical properties and product quality. While previous studies have investigated surface cracking using various techniques, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, especially regarding the role of important alloying elements such as copper. Therefore, this research provides a thorough investigation of the effect of copper additions on the solidus temperature, hot deformation behavior, and extrudability of AA6xxx alloys. Using experimental and numerical methods, the material’s solidus temperature and constitutive behavior were determined. Extrusion trials were conducted for alloys with different copper levels using a flat die over a
Wang, XiaoyingShehryar Khan, MuhammadWells, Mary A.Poole, Warren J.Parson, Nick
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing up to 32 square inches (206 cm2) in area (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
For years the NVH community has known that openings in the dash sheet metal, such as holes to pass wire harnesses through, creates an acoustical weak point that limits the potential noise reduction of the dash insulation system. These pass-throughs can also be a source of water leaks into the vehicle’s interior. With internal combustion engines and now electric inverter power plants generating significant high frequency sound, the need to seal this area is vital. By molding a lightweight barrier that draws through the fiber/absorber interior decoupler and dash sheet metal which mates to a secondary seal molded into an outer engine dash decoupler, the two opposing molded barriers meet in the engine compartment and compress together forming a seal around the wire harness. This male/female molded seal replaces the conventional snap in grommet and eliminates noise/water leaks. The system Sound Transmission Loss (STL) is equivalent to similarly insulated sheet metal with no holes
Check, JamesMoritz, Charles
This article follows a companion article [1] presented at the SAE NVC 2021, in which a new system for the measurement on small samples of the normal-incidence Insertion Loss (IL) of multilayers used for the manufacturing of automotive sound package parts was first introduced. In addition to simplifying the evaluation of the sound-insulation of multi-layers used to produce sound-package components, the system aims at overcoming the limitations of the test procedure based on the ASTM E2611 standard. In this article, the latter point is demonstrated by comparing the insertion loss results obtained with the new system with those obtained with the test procedure based on the ASTM E2611 standard on a few multilayers commonly used for the manufacturing of automotive sound package parts. Results indicate that the data obtained by means of the newly developed system are more meaningful, practically usable and less prone to edge-effects, compared to those obtained according to the ASTM E2611
Ruggeri, GiulioBertolini, ClaudioHorak, Jan
Climate-neutral aviation requires resource-efficient composite manufacturing technologies and solutions for the reuse of carbon fibers (CF). In this context, thermoplastic composites (TPC) can make a strong contribution. Thermoforming of TPC is an efficient and established process for aerospace components. Its efficiency could be further increased by integration of joining processes, which would otherwise be separate processes requiring additional time and equipment. In this work, an integrative two-step thermoforming process for hollow box structures is presented. The starting point are two organosheets, i.e. fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheets. First, one of the organosheets, intended for the bottom skin of the uplift structure, is thermoformed. After cooling, the press opens, the organosheet remains in the press and an infrared heater is pivoted in, to locally heat up just the joining area. Meanwhile, a second organosheet, intended for the top skin, is heated and thermoformed and
Vocke, RichardSeeßelberg, LorenzFocke, OliverDietrich, Jan YorrickJobke, KatrinAlbe, ChristopherMay, David
The Electroimpact Automatic Fan Cowl Riveter uses two novel drill processes to control exit burr height and achieve the required hole quality in CRES (Corrosion-Resistant Steel, also called stainless steel) material stacks. Both processes use piloted cutters on the OML (Outer Mold Line, referring to the exterior surface of an airframe) side, and two different tools are used in a backside spindle on the IML (Inner Mold Line, referring to the inside surface of an airframe) side of the component. The first process uses a shallow-angle shave tool in the IML spindle to directly control the exit burr height after it is produced by the OML spindle and is called the “burr shave” technique. The second process uses a countersink tool in the IML spindle and produces an “intermediate countersink” after the pilot hole is drilled by the OML spindle, but before the final hole diameter is drilled. These drill processes were able to achieve the required hole quality in a challenging CRES material stack
Schultz, RichPeterman, RandyLuker, ZacharyMurakonda, Sai KrishnaMerluzzi, James
According to several precedent studies, most of the cold-forming advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) grades can obtain reinforced yield strength from the automotive forming and paint-baking treatments without losing their fracture resistance like some aluminum alloys. Concisely, the mechanism of such behavior can be mainly attributed to the ‘Cottrell Atmospheres,’ some thermally mobilized interstitial atoms that cluster around and impede mobile dislocations during only the yielding stage of the plastic deformation but cannot continue durably enough to affect the fracture. Nevertheless, an exception, Q&P1180, was discovered from precedent studies and characterized in this work. Different from other AHSSs, this grade exhibited distinctively elevated fracture resistance and yield strength after the pre-straining and baking. Such uniqueness was speculated to be caused by 1) no soft ferrite in the microstructure and 2) the transformed fresh martensite induced by the plastic deformation
Hu, JunSun, YetingThomas, Grant
For electrical vehicle (EV) automotive body-in-white (BIW) structures, protection of passengers and battery in crash event becomes equally important. In addition to energy absorption, intrusion protection for battery and vehicle becomes extremely important and GPa advanced high strength steels (AHSS) including press hardened steels (PHS), DP/MP/CP/GEN3 steels have become material of choice for design for those components. Higher yield strength materials especially in 980/1180MPa MP and CP category are chosen for part design over conventional low yield strength DP. In this study, the forming characteristics including both global and local formability are evaluated and compared among 980 DP/MP grades. Formability test such as forming limit curve (FLC), true fracture strain, V bend, half dome, and hole expansion tests are conducted. Microstructure analysis to understand the effect of different grain structure and phases of DP/MP grades is also accomplished. A T-shape laboratory die trials
Shih, Hua-ChuPednekar, VasantShi, MingSingh, JatinderTedesco, SarahWu, Wei
The initial powder used for the manufacturing of NdFeB permanent magnets is usually prepared through rapid cooling, either by melt spinning or strip casting. The powders produced by these two methods are suitable for different applications: while melt-spun powder is a good initial material for bonded and hot-deformed magnets, strip-cast powder is normally used for sintered magnets. To investigate the suitability of using strip-cast powder to manufacture hot-deformed magnets, NdFeB powder prepared by strip casting was hot pressed (without particle alignment) and compared with melt-spun powder prepared under the same conditions (700 °C, 45 MPa, 90 min). Although the processing parameters are the same (pressed in the same mold), the magnetic properties of the magnets made from the two powders are significantly different. Surprisingly, the magnet made from the strip-cast powder (after ball milling) shows comparable magnetic properties to those of isotropic magnets, with coercivity (HcJ) of
He, YouliangSong, ShaochangWalsh, DanBernier, FabriceMozharivskyj, YurijPeng, Philip
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