Browse Topic: Forming

Items (5,578)

Comparison of Different Joining Techniques as a Benchmark for Integrally Joined Thermoformed Components Based on Tailored rCF Organosheets

2025-01-0170To be published on 05/02/2025

Climate-neutral aviation requires resource-efficient composite manufacturing technologies and viable solutions for the reuse of carbon fibers (CF). In this context, thermoplastic composites (TPC) can make a strong contribution. Thermoforming of TPC is an efficient and established process for aerospace components. But it’s efficiency could be further increased by integration of joining processes, which would otherwise be separate steps. In this work, a two-step thermoforming process for hollow box structures, particularly uplift structures, is presented. The starting point are two organosheets. First, one of the organosheets, intended for the bottom skin of the uplift structure, is thermoformed. After cooling, the press opens, the organosheet remains in the press and an infrared heater is pivoted in, to locally heat up just the joining area. Meanwhile, a second organosheet, intended for the top skin, is heated and thermoformed and simultaneously joined to the lower skin, thereby forming

Vocke, Richard, Seeßelberg, Lorenz, Focke, Oliver, Dietrich, Jan Yorrick, Jobke, Katrin, Albe, Christopher, May, David

A New Methodology to Characterize the Influence of Paint Baking and Pre-Straining on the Tensile Properties of Third Generation Advanced High Strength Steels

2025-01-8223

04/01/2025

The current ASTM A653 standard for determining the bake hardening index (BHI) of sheet metals can lead to premature fracture at the transition radius of the tensile specimen in high strength steel grades. In this study, a new test procedure to characterize the BHI was developed and applied to 980 and 1180 MPa third generation advanced high strength steels (3G-AHSS). The so-called KS-1B methodology involves pre-straining over-sized tensile specimens followed by the extraction of an ASTM E8 sample, paint baking and re-testing to determine the BHI. Various pre-strain levels in the range of 2 to 10% were considered to evaluate the KS-1B procedure with select comparisons with the ASTM A653 methodology for pre-strain levels of 2 and 8%. Finally, to characterize the influence of paint baking at large strain levels, sheared edge conical hole expansion tests were conducted. The tensile mechanical properties of the 3G steels after paint baking were observed to be sensitive to the pre-strain with

Northcote, Rhys, Berry, Avalon, Narayanan, Advaith, Tolton, Cameron, Lee, Haea, Smith, Jonathan, McCarty, Eric, Butcher, Cliff

Zero Circumferential Material Flow Line-Based Method for Reducing Stamping Simulation Cost

2025-01-8224

04/01/2025

In sheet metal simulation, computation time is significantly influenced by the number of elements used to discretize the sheet blank, which covers the shape of forming tool geometry. Based on particle kinematics, motion of material point is modeled, and the concept of zero circumferential motion material line (ZML) is proposed. The slope ratio of material line (SRML) is proposed to quantify the circumferential deviation for determining the ZML. Based on the SRML, a method is developed to segment sheet blank and apply constraints. The method is demonstrated through forming simulation on a Hishida geometry. The proposed method, with its minimal to no circumferential motion along ZMLs, exhibits high level of accuracy retention while simultaneously impressively reducing computation time (up to 77%). This combination of efficiency and precision makes it a compelling approach for reducing simulation cost.

Sheng, ZiQiang, Asimba, Brian, Cabral, Kleber

Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Study of the in-Mold Graining Process

2025-01-8330

04/01/2025

In-Mold Graining (IMG) is an innovative production technology applied to the skin wrapping of automotive interior components. In the design of automotive interior components of door panels and instrument clusters, to overcome process-related problems, such as the thinning of grain patterns and excessive reduction in thickness, simulation of the skin vacuum forming process is required. The Thermoplastic Olefin (TPO) skin material is investigated in this paper, and a viscoelastic mechanical model for this material is established. Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) is utilized to perform scan for frequency and temperature, and the tested data is used to obtain key model parameters of the viscoelastic constitutive model. Based on the experimental data, the study explores how to calculate the relaxation time spectrum to describe the viscoelastic properties of TPO material during the vacuum forming process. Numerical simulation of the vacuum forming process of TPO material is conducted using

Chai, Bingji, Guo, Yiming, Xie, Xinxing, Zhang, Qu

Predicting Forming Limit of Hot Stamping Boron Steel Using a Modified Zener-Hollomon Parameter based Ductile Failure Criterion

2025-01-8225

04/01/2025

Combined with a modified Zener-Hollmon parameter, a recently proposed ductile failure criterion is further improved to predict the forming limit of boron steel at hot stamping temperatures. The ductile failure criterion takes into account the critical damage at localized necking or at fracture as a function of strain path and initial sheet thickness. The modified Zener-Hollomon parameter accounts for both effect of varying strain rate and temperature for Boron steel. Working FEM simulation, the capability of the ductile failure criterion is further demonstrated by predicting forming limit of a boron steel in an isothermal Nakajima dome test. Comparison shows the prediction matches quite well with the measurement.

Sheng, ZiQiang, Mallick, Pankaj

Deformation Behavior and Springback Analysis of Anti-Collision Beam on Bending Forming

2025-01-8247

04/01/2025

Since aluminum alloys (AA) are widely used as structural components across various industries, higher requirements for shape-design, load-bearing, and energy-absorption capacity have been put forward. In this paper, we present the development of a numerical model, integrated with a compensation method, that effectively predicts processing defects in the bumper beam of a vehicle, resulting in a marked improvement in its forming quality. Specifically, different constitutive models are investigated for their applicability to the beam, enabling a precise evaluation of its structural performance under large deformation. The Johnson-Cook failure model is introduced to better characterize the fracture behavior of the beam under severe structural damage. The three-point bending experiment served as a rigorous examination, demonstrating good consistency between the experimental and simulation results. Furthermore, a prediction model for assessing the forming quality during the bending process

Zhang, Shizhen, Meng, Dejian, Gao, Yunkai

Understanding Forming Characteristics of Different Microstructure Steels within 980MPa and 1180MPa

2025-01-8222

04/01/2025

For electrical vehicle (EV) automotive body-in-white (BIW) structures, protection of passengers and battery in crash event becomes equally important. In addition to energy absorption, intrusion protection for battery and vehicle becomes extremely important and GPa advanced high strength steels (AHSS) including press hardened steels (PHS), DP/MP/CP/GEN3 steels have become material of choice for design for those components. Higher yield strength materials especially in 980/1180MPa MP and CP category are chosen for part design over conventional low yield strength DP. In this study, the forming characteristics including both global and local formability are evaluated and compared among 980 DP/MP grades. Formability test such as forming limit curve (FLC), true fracture strain, V bend, half dome, and hole expansion tests are conducted. Microstructure analysis to understand the effect of different grain structure and phases of DP/MP grades is also accomplished. A T-shape laboratory die trials

Shih, Hua-Chu, Pednekar, Vasant, Shi, Ming, Singh, Jatinder, Tedesco, Sarah, Wu, Wei

NdFeB Magnets Manufactured by Hot Pressing Using Strip-Cast and Melt-Spun Powders

2025-01-8217

04/01/2025

The initial powder used for the manufacturing of NdFeB permanent magnets is usually prepared through rapid cooling, either by melt spinning or strip casting. The powders produced by these two methods are suitable for different applications: while melt-spun powder is a good initial material for bonded and hot-deformed magnets, strip-cast powder is normally used for sintered magnets. To investigate the suitability of using strip-cast powder to manufacture hot-deformed magnets, NdFeB powder prepared by strip casting was hot pressed (without particle alignment) and compared with melt-spun powder prepared under the same conditions (700 °C, 45 MPa, 90 min). Although the processing parameters are the same (pressed in the same mold), the magnetic properties of the magnets made from the two powders are significantly different. Surprisingly, the magnet made from the strip-cast powder (after ball milling) shows comparable magnetic properties to those of isotropic magnets, with coercivity (HcJ) of

He, Youliang, Song, Shaochang, Walsh, Dan, Bernier, Fabrice, Mozharivskyj, Yurij, Peng, Philip

Multi-objective Optimization of Process Parameters for Dual-Color Injection Molding of the Middle Cover of Electric Vehicle Charging Pile

05-18-04-0031

03/26/2025

This article takes the cover of the AC charging pile as the research object and studies the process parameters of dual-color injection molding. First, the optimal Latin hypercube experimental design is carried out by using optimization software by taking the melt temperature and mold temperature of the first shot and the second shot and the holding pressure as the influencing factors. Injection simulation is carried out based on mold flow software. A high-precision neural network model RBF is constructed according to the test factors and results. Second, based on the obtained RBF prediction model, the multi-objective NSGA-II algorithm is used for optimization. The obtained optimal combination of molding process parameters is: the melt temperature of the first shot is 266.8°C, the mold temperature is 107°C, the melt temperature of the second shot is 230.3°C, the mold temperature is 59.5°C, the holding pressure of the first shot is 95 MPa, the holding pressure of the second shot is 89.9

Liu, Hao, Jiang, Bingyun, Jiang, Hong, Hu, Peng, Cheng, Shan

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T3510), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, Stress-Relieved by Stretching, Unstraightened

AMS4164K (Current)

03/25/2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing produced with cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (206 cm2), maximum (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T3511), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, Stress-Relieved by Stretching, and Straightened

AMS4165K (Current)

03/25/2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing produced with cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (206 cm2), maximum (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy Extrusions, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T3), Solution Heat Treated and Cold Worked

AMS4152P (Current)

03/05/2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, shapes, and tubing produced with cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (206 cm2), maximum (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusion, 2.7Cu - 1.8Li - 0.7Zn - 0.3Mn - 0.3Mg - 0.08Zr (2099-T83), Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved by Stretching 1 to 4% and Aged

AMS4287C (Current)

02/25/2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, and profiles (shapes) produced with nominal thickness up to 3.000 inches (76.20 mm), inclusive, and having a cross-sectional area of 42 square inches (271 cm2) maximum and a circumscribing circle diameter (circle size) of 15 inches (38 cm) maximum (see 2.4.1 and 8.8).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Evaluating Cone and Pyramid Frustums with Constant and Varying Wall Angles in Single-Point Incremental Sheet Forming

05-18-03-0019

02/07/2025

Incremental sheet forming is a dieless forming process. Innovative analysis of deformations in the SPIF process, utilizing four distinct sets of deformed structures. Each set consists of four deformed shapes that are categorized as constant and variable tool path, as well as process characteristics including deformed shape, spindle speed, step size, and feed rate. The objective of this article is to investigate the variation of forming force, surface roughness, hardness value, strain rate, forming limit curve (FLC), and strain against forming depth and is to optimize its process parameters. Pyramid frustums have a lower surface roughness than conical frustums. Deformation depth affects hardness at different points along the frustum. The hardness value of the pyramid frustum is often higher than that of the conical frustum. As no single parameter is demonstrated to be significant in determining strain rate, the deformed shape is more relevant than the other process parameters. This

Bhasker, Radhe Shyam, Kumar, Yogesh, Kumar, Santosh, Singh, Rajnish

Utilizing High-Performance Thermoplastics to Improve Durability and Efficiency in Automotive Instrument Panels

2024-01-5245

01/28/2025

The present research explores the potential of high-performance thermoplastics, Polymethyl Methacrylate and Polyurethane, to enhance the passive safety of automotive instrument panels. The purpose is to evaluate and compare the passive safety of these two materials through the conduct of the Charpy Impact Test, Tensile Strength Test, and Crush Test —. For this, five samples were prepared in the case of each material via injection moulding, which enabled reliability, and consistency of the findings. As a result, it was found that in the case of the Charpy Impact Test, the average impact resistance varies with PMMA exhibiting a level of 15.08 kJ/m2 as opposed to the value of 12.16 kJ/m2 for PU. The Tensile Strength Test produced the average tensile strength of 50.16 for PMMA and 48.2 for PU, which implied superior structural integrity under tension for the first type of thermoplastic. Finally, the Crush Test showed that PMMA is more resistant to crushes on average than PU with the

Natrayan, L., Kaliappan, Seeniappan, Mothilal, T., Balaji, N., Maranan, Ramya, Ravi, D.

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T81), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Precipitation Heat Treated

AMS4491A (Current)

01/22/2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing produced with cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (206 cm2), maximum (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusion, 3.7Cu - 1.15Li - 0.5Zn - 0.45Ag - 0.4Mg - 0.3Mn - 0.1Zr (2055-T84), Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved by Stretching 2% to 5% and Aged

AMS4257A (Current)

01/22/2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, and profiles.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Nickel-Iron Alloy, Magnetic, Sheet and Strip 50Ni - 50Fe Annealed, Forming Grade

AMS7717F (Current)

01/22/2025

This specification covers a magnetically soft nickel-iron alloy in the form of sheet and strip.

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Nickel-Iron Alloy, Magnetic, Sheet and Strip 50Ni - 50Fe Stamping Quality, Half-Hard Temper

AMS7719F (Current)

01/22/2025

This specification covers a magnetic nickel-iron alloy in the form of sheet and strip.

AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T8511), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, Stress-Relieved by Stretching, Precipitation Heat Treated, and Straightened

AMS4423A (Current)

01/22/2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing produced with cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (206 cm2) maximum (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Superfinishing of HVOF Applied Tungsten Carbide Coatings

AMS2452 (Current)

01/09/2025

This specification covers requirements for the superfinishing of High Velocity Oxygen/Fuel (HVOF) applied tungsten carbide thermal spray coatings.

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Effect of Nano Silica on the Mechanical Behaviour of High Impact Polypropylene/Nano Clay Composites

2024-01-5211

12/10/2024

This study investigated the effect of nano silica on the mechanical behaviour of blends containing high impact polypropylene (hiPP) and nano clay. This study used nano silica from rice husk ash with an average particle size of 26 nm. The hiPP composites were mixed with 3 wt. % nano clay and different weight percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) of nano silica were also added. The blending process used twin-screw extrusion, and composite samples were subsequently produced by injection moulding. Various parameters including tensile, compressive, and impact strengths were analyzed. In particular, the hiPP composite containing 3 wt. % nano clay and 2 wt. % nano silica had significantly improved mechanical properties, showing a 37.5% increase in tensile strength, a 56.8% increase in flexural strength, and a 51.4% increase in impact strength. It exhibited the highest tensile (53.51 MPa), flexural (67.19 MPa), and impact strength (5.17 KJ/m2) among all tested composites, demonstrating superior

Thangavel, Anand, Ragupathy, K., Manivannan, S., Murali, M.

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (7075-T73, 7075-T73511, 7075-T73510), Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved by Stretching when required, and Overaged

AMS4617B (Current)

12/10/2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, shapes, and tubing 0.040 to 4.499 inches (1.01 to 114.27 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter or least thickness and with areas up to 32 square inches (206 cm2), inclusive (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Optimizing the Capacity of Dozer Blade with Hydraulic Foldable Wings to Enhance Productivity

2024-28-0268

12/05/2024

Crawler Dozers play a critical role in global construction, mining and industrial sectors, performing essential tasks like pushing the material, grading, leveling and scraping. In the highly competitive dozer market, meeting the growing demand for increased productivity requires strategies to enhance blade capacity and width. Dozer operations involve pushing the material and dozing, where blade capacity significantly influences performance. Factors such as mold board profile, blade height, and width impact the blade capacity which are crucial for productivity in light weight applications such as snow removal and dirt pushing. Blade width is also pivotal for grading and leveling tasks. Traditional blade designs, like straight or fixed U-type blades, constrain operator flexibility, limiting overall productivity. The integration of hydraulic-operated foldable wings on both sides of the blade offers the adaptability to adjust blade capacity which also helps to reduce material spillage

Sahoo, Jyoti Prakash, Sarma, Neelam Kumar

Efficient Robot Roller Hemming Process Using Turntable over Linear Setup

2024-28-0164

12/05/2024

Hemming is an incremental joining technique used in the automotive industry, it involves bending the flange of an outer panel over an inner panel to join two sheet metal panels. Different hemming methods are available such as Press die hemming, Table-top hemming and Robot roller hemming. Robot roller hemming is superior to press hemming and tabletop hemming because of its ability to hem complex-shaped parts and is typically used in low-volume automotive production lines. For higher production volumes, such as 120 Jobs per Hour (JPH), press hem or tabletop hem is generally preferred. However, to achieve high-volume production from roller hemming method multi station setup is used. This static multi station setup can be configured into a Turntable setup. This new method eliminates the robot load and unload time at each station in the existing setup, resulting in a 40% increase in hemming robot utilization. Therefore, this process reduces the number of robots and the required floor space

Raju, Gokul, Roy, Amlan, Sahu, Shishir, Palavelathan, Gowtham Raj, Jagadeesh, Nagireddi, Chava, Seshadri

Microstructural Characterization of Aluminium Alloys Used in Automotive Body Parts

2024-28-0157

12/05/2024

To meet light-weighting and safety target of automotive vehicles, different Aluminium alloys are used in various body parts. Apart from conventional manufacturing process of gravity die casting (GDC), advanced manufacturing process such as low pressure die casting (LPDC), high pressure die casting (HPDC) and extrusion processes are also used to form complex automotive body parts. Steel parts are majorly used in automotive applications across world. However, steel has limitations with respect to light-weighting. To achieve light-weighting, now a days, there is trend to use these complex Aluminium parts in automotive industry to replace steel and integrate multiple parts into a single one. Aluminium has emerged as great potential for light-weighting and reducing complexity of handling multiple parts at an automotive plant. There is a challenge to identify suitable etchant for microstructural characterization of Aluminium alloy parts that can be made through various manufacturing

Deshmukh, Mansi, Jain, Vikas, Misal, Swapnali, Paliwal, Lokesh

Correlation Study for Radial Lash in Sliding Bushings of a Steering System

2024-28-0249

12/05/2024

Investigation of clunking noise in a steering system fitted into a test vehicle indicated radial lash in sliding bushings, which are press fitted into housings, as one of the possible causes for clunk. To study the behavior of sliding bush under the influence of assembly clamp loads, manufacturing tolerances and road loads, sliding bushings are modelled in more detail in the steering system finite element models. Further for correlating the bushing measurements from test vehicle to the finite element model, a radial lash output is derived which is not directly available in finite element software. Finally, the correlated model is used to assess the updated design and check for radial lash improvement.

Badduri, Jaideep, Pandey, Ashish

Magnesium Alloy, Extrusions, 4.0Y - 2.25Nd - 0.5Zr (WE43C - T5), Precipitation Heat Treated

AMS4485B (Current)

12/04/2024

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T8510), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, Stress-Relieved by Stretching, and Precipitation Heat Treated, Unstraightened

AMS4481A (Current)

12/04/2024

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-O), Annealed

AMS4421A (Current)

12/04/2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing produced with cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (206 cm2), maximum (see 8.5).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

EDITORIAL: Bauma the big one in 2025

24TOFHP12_04

12/01/2024

December is a good time to reflect on the past year - to celebrate successes and consider opportunities for improvement - but it is also an opportune time to look to the future. As I think about the year ahead and appraise the tradeshow landscape that'll provide significant content for this magazine, mobilityengineeringtech.com, our e-newsletters and other multimedia products, none is bigger than Bauma in Munich, Germany, particularly in terms of the global construction and mining vehicle industries. The triennial event will cover an area that's equivalent to 86 soccer fields, according to Stefan Rummel, CEO of Messe München GmbH. Speaking to the press during an October virtual preview of Bauma 2025, which takes place from April 7-13, Rummel said that the number of exhibitors - expected to be about 3,600 - will be closer to the 2019 event versus the post-COVID-19 edition that was pushed back from its usual spring timeslot to the fall of 2022.

Gehm, Ryan

Maximizing the Potential of TPU Extrusion in Medical Tubing Applications

TBMG-52164

12/01/2024

Whether for vascular catheters or implantable devices, medical tubing must meet tough standards for flexibility, strength, and biocompatibility. That’s why more manufacturers are turning to thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) that strike the ideal balance between these key properties, making them an excellent choice for high-performance medical tubing. Unlocking the best that TPUs have to offer means optimizing the extrusion process. This article looks at why TPUs are a top pick, the common obstacles in extrusion, and the ways manufacturers can fine-tune their process to get the most out of different grades.

Development of a Robot-Assisted Fused Deposition Modeling Process for Enhanced Additive Manufacturing

05-18-02-0011

11/09/2024

This work aims to define a novel integration of 6 DOF robots with an extrusion-based 3D printing framework that strengthens the possibility of implementing control and simulation of the system in multiple degrees of freedom. Polylactic acid (PLA) is used as an extrusion material for testing, which is a thermoplastic that is biodegradable and is derived from natural lactic acid found in corn, maize, and the like. To execute the proposed framework a virtual working station for the robot was created in RoboDK. RoboDK interprets G-code from the slicing (Slic3r) software. Further analysis and experiments were performed by FANUC 2000ia 165F Industrial Robot. Different tests were performed to check the dimensional accuracy of the parts (rectangle and cylindrical). When the robot operated at 20% of its maximum speed, a bulginess was observed in the cylindrical part, causing the radius to increase from 1 cm to 1.27 cm and resulting in a thickness variation of 0.27 cm at the bulginess location

Srivastava, Kriti, Kumar, Yogesh

Aluminum Alloy, Discontinuously Reinforced Extruded Bar, Rod, Wire and Shapes, (2124A/SiC/25p (0.7 µm) (T1P)

AMS4369A (Current)

10/28/2024

This specification covers a discontinuously reinforced aluminum alloy (DRA) made by mechanical alloying 2124A aluminum powder and silicon carbide particulate (SiC). It is produced in the form of extruded bar, rod, wire, and shapes with cross section inclusive of 1-inch (25.4-mm) diameter or less (see 8.7).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Discontinuously Reinforced Extruded Bar, Rod, Wire and Shapes, 2124A/SiC/25p (3 µm) - T1P

AMS4379A (Current)

10/11/2024

This specification covers a discontinuously reinforced aluminum alloy (DRA) made by mechanical alloying 2124A aluminum powder and silicon carbide (SiC) particulate. It is produced in the form of extruded bar, rod, wire, and shapes with cross section inclusive of 1-inch (25.4-mm) diameter or less (see 8.7).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions 4.0Cu - 1.3Mg - 0.60Mn (2026-T3511) Solution Heat Treated and Stress Relieved by Stretching

AMS4338C (Current)

10/08/2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, and profiles (shapes) with a maximum cross-sectional area of 25 square inches (161 cm2), a maximum circle size of 12 inches (305 mm), and a nominal thickness up to 3.250 inches (82.54 mm), inclusive (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Synthesis and Characterization of AA6351/SiC Composites Using Ball Milling Combined with Hot Extrusion

05-18-01-0003

10/03/2024

In this investigation, AA6351 alloy matrix composites with a larger volume proportion of SiC (20 wt%) were fabricated and tested for microstructure and mechanical behavior. Composites were hot extruded from mechanically milled matrix and reinforcements. Hot extrusion uniformly distributed reinforcements in the matrix and strengthened phase interaction. Mechanical ball milling causes AA6351 powder to become more homogeneous, reducing the mean particle size from 38.66 ± 2.31 μm to 23.57 ± 2.31 μm due to particle deformation. The micrograph shows that the SiC particles are equally dispersed in the AA6351 matrix, avoiding densification and reinforcing phase integration issues during hot extrusion. In hot extrusion, SiC particles are evenly distributed in the matrix, free of pores, and have strong metallurgical bonds, resulting in a homogenous composite microstructure. SiC powders and mechanical milling increase microhardness and compressive strength, giving MMC-A 54.9% greater than AA6351

Saiyathibrahim, A., Murali Krishnan, R., Jatti, Vinaykumar S., Jatti, Ashwini V., Jatti, Savita V., Praveenkumar, V., Balaji, K.

Steel, Extra High Toughness, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 13Cr - 8.0Ni - 2.2Mo - 1.1Al Vacuum Induction Plus Consumable Electrode Melted, Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation Hardened (H1050)

AMS5934/H1050 (Current)10/01/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product in the solution and precipitation heat-treated (H1050) condition, 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness, or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Bemis, BASF develop lightweight hydraulic tank for compact excavators

24TOFHP10_06

10/01/2024

Bemis Manufacturing and BASF collaborated to develop a lighter-weight and lower-cost hydraulic tank for compact excavators that was recognized with a lightweighting award traditionally reserved for automotive innovations. Receiving an honorable mention in the Enabling Technology category of this year's Altair Enlighten Awards, the development team leveraged a combination of injection molding and vibration welding techniques to lower costs by approximately 20% and reduce mass by about 5% compared to the traditional roto-molding process. The solution also is more eco-efficient, delivering both environmental savings (reductions in lifecycle CO2 emissions) and reducing lifecycle costs.

Gehm, Ryan

Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 1.0Mg - 0.60Si - 0.28Cu - 0.20Cr (6061-T4511 or T4510), Solution Heat Treated and Stress Relieved by Stretching

AMS4172H (Current)

09/10/2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Aluminum Alloy Extrusions 2.7Cu - 2.2Li - 0.12Zr (2090-T86) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Precipitation Heat Treated

AMS4232E (Current)

09/09/2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, and profiles up to 0.499 inches (12.67 mm) in nominal diameter, or least thickness, and under 10 in2 (65 cm2) in cross-sectional area.

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Steel, Extra High Toughness, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions, 13Cr - 8.0Ni - 2.2Mo - 1.1Al Vacuum Induction Plus Consumable Electrode Melted, Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation Hardened (H950)

AMS5934/H950 (Current)08/27/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product in the solution and precipitation heat-treated (H950) condition, 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness, or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

AMS5934/H1100 (Current)08/27/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product in the solution and precipitation heat-treated (H1100) condition, 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness, or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides. The aged product may be supplied directly by a producer or by another entity performing the functions of a producer as defined in AS6279. The latter can be accomplished by precipitation heat treatment of solution treated material previously certified to AMS5934. The entity assuming responsibility for the aging operation is designated the producer of AMS5934/H1100.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

AMS5934/H1025 (Current)08/27/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product in the solution and precipitation heat-treated (H1025) condition, 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness, or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Steel, Extra High Toughness, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions 13Cr - 8.0Ni - 2.2Mo - 1.1Al Vacuum Induction Plus Consumable Electrode Melted Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation Hardened (H1150)

AMS5934/H1150 (Current)08/27/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product in the solution and precipitation heat-treated (H1150) condition, 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness, or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

AMS5934/H1000A (Current)08/19/2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel product in the solution and precipitation heat treated (H1000) condition, 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness, or, for hexagons, least distance between parallel sides.

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

CRIMPING TOOLS, TERMINAL, HAND, WIRE TERMINATION; IN-SERVICE INSPECTION GAGES FOR TYPE II AS22520/5, /10, AND MIL-T-22520/32 (CANCEL) CRIMP TOOLS

AS22520/6B (Current)08/09/2024

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Aluminum Alloy Extrusions, 7.9Zn - 1.6Cu - 2.2Mg - 0.16Cr (7249-T76511), Solution Heat Treated, Stress-Relieved, Straightened, and Overaged

AMS4293B (Current)

07/25/2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy procured in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles (shapes), and tubing up to 1.499 inches (38.07 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter or least thickness (bars, rods, wire, or profiles) or nominal wall thickness (tubing) (see 8.6).

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Steel and Aluminum Molds: The Effect of Thickness on Productivity and Part Quality

05-17-04-0024

06/28/2024

The use of aluminum to manufacture injection molds aims to maximize the productivity of plastic parts, as its alloys present higher heat conductivity than tool steel alloys. However, it is essential to accurately control the injection molding parameters to assure that the design tolerances are achieved in the final molded plastic part. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the use of aluminum alloys in high-volume production processes. It delves into the correlation between the type of material used for mold production (steel or aluminum) and the thickness of the injected part, and how these variables affect the efficiency of the process in terms of the quantity and quality of the produced parts. The findings suggest that replacing steel molds with aluminum alloys significantly reduces injection molding cycle time, the difference ranging from 57.1% to 72.5%. Additionally, the dimensional accuracy and less distortion provided by aluminum have improved product quality. In case of

Marconi, Pedro, Amarante, Evandro, Ferreira, Cristiano, Beal, Valter, Ribeiro Júnior, Armando

Prediction of Tribological Behavior of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Polymer Matrix Composites Employing Copper Powders

05-17-04-0026

06/27/2024

This research examines the impact of different amounts of copper (Cu) powder on the wear characteristics of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)–Cu composites. Various formulations of ABS–Cu composites have been produced using injection molding, with different amounts of surfactant. Wear properties were evaluated by conducting tribological testing in accordance with ASTM standards. The findings indicated a decrease in wear loss, particularly when using a mixture consisting of 23% ABS, 70% Cu, and 7% surfactant. Machine learning regression algorithms successfully forecasted wear behavior with R-squared values over 0.97. The models used in the analysis included linear, stepwise linear, tree, support vector machine (SVM), efficient linear, Gaussian progression, ensemble, and neural network regression models. This research emphasizes the significance of composite materials in fulfilling contemporary technical requirements. The acquired insights enable the development of materials with

Jatti, Vijaykumar S., Saiyathibrahim, A., Murali Krishnan, R., Balaji, K.

Items per page:

1 – 50 of 5578