Browse Topic: Coating processes
This specification covers tungsten carbide-cobalt in the form of powder.
The solar-based hybrid automotive vehicle represents a trend marked by technological excellence, offering an efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly solution. Besides, the enhancement of solar absorption due to poor weather is influenced by poor solar power with reduced photocurrent density. This research focuses on enhancing the solar power and photocurrent density of conventional solar cells featuring aluminium-doped zinc oxide thin films (AZO) using the Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition (MIST CVD) process with a zinc acetate precursor solution processed at temperatures ranging from 200 to 400°C. To investigate the effect of AZO on the functional behaviour of solar cells, microstructural studies utilizing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal the concentration of AZO and the alignment of Al/ZnO peaks as even. As a result, this research demonstrates a 21% increase in solar power output compared to conventional Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) cells, with an improvement in
This specification covers the engineering requirements for applying coatings to parts by the plasma spray process and the properties of such coatings.
As “point of need” additive manufacturing emerges as a priority for the Department of Defense (DoD), Australian 3D printing provider SPEE3D is one of several companies demonstrating that its machines can rapidly produce castings, brackets, valves, mountings and other common replacement parts and devices that warfighters often need in an on-demand schedule when deployed near or directly within combat zones. DoD officials describe point of need manufacturing as a concept of operations where infantry and squadron have the equipment, machines, tools and processes to rapidly 3D print parts and devices that are being used in combat. Based in Melbourne, Australia, SPEE3D provides cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) machines that use a combination of robotics and high-speed kinetic energy to assemble and quickly bind metal together into 3D-printed parts without the need for specific environmental conditions or post-assembly cooling or temperature requirements. Over the last two years, the
Graphene has been called “the wonder material of the 21st century.” But graphene has a dirty little secret: it’s dirty. Now, engineers at Columbia University and colleagues at the University of Montreal and the National Institute of Standards and Technology are poised to clean things up with an oxygen-free chemical vapor deposition (OF-CVD) method that can create high-quality graphene samples at scale. Their work, published in Nature, directly demonstrates how trace oxygen affects the growth rate of graphene and identifies the link between oxygen and graphene quality for the first time.
University of Wisconsin–Madison engineers have used a spray coating technology to produce a new workhorse material that can withstand the harsh conditions inside a fusion reactor.
This study delves into the innovative realm of synthesizing surface alloyed materials by utilizing copper-based metamorphic powders subjected to high-intensity electron beam irradiation. The process involves depositing metamorphic particles onto a stainless-steel substrate, and subsequently exposing the assembly to a powerful electron beam, resulting in the development of distinct surface alloyed layers. A notable advancement was achieved by introducing a second layer of metamorphic powders over the existing alloyed layer, followed by further treatment with the electron beam. The alloyed layers, characterized by a volumetric concentration ranging from 60 to 67%, exhibited a fascinating phenomenon— the formation of abundant borate crystals with the chemical formula Al2.56Fe1.75Ni0.84. This crystal presence significantly elevated the hardness of the surface alloyed layers, showcasing an impressive five to sevenfold increase compared to the substrates. Importantly, the alloyed layers
This specification covers the requirements for vacuum deposited cadmium.
Naval Air Systems Command Naval Air Station North Island, CA (619) 545-3415
Simulation tools play a significant role in the automotive industry due to their cost-reducing capabilities in new model development. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is extensively utilized in various applications, such as vehicle aerodynamics and engine thermal management. However, its application in manufacturing engineering is not yet widespread. One crucial process in automotive manufacturing is the application of the base coat, which provides protection for the final paint layer. This process involves three key steps: bodywork immersion, electrophoretic deposition (E-coat), and bodywork removal from the bath. Each of these steps can be evaluated using appropriate CFD models. During the immersion step, the primary objective is to minimize the presence of trapped air. In the E-coat step, the focus is on controlling the paint layer thickness on the Body-in-white (BIW). Lastly, the drainage analysis aims to minimize the retention of bath fluid, thereby preventing contamination in
Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material made of carbon by covalent bonds, where carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene has promising electronic and mechanical properties. There are many processes available for the formation of the graphene. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process for the formation of graphene over the metal surface is most compatible. Graphene is being investigated for its application in space electronics. In space, there are many irradiation particles and waves like x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles. Single particle like neutron can create single event upset in electronic devices. Graphene can work as a radiation shielding material. Graphene-metal, graphene and epsilon near zero metamaterials structure can be used for electromagnetic wave absorbent.
NASA instrumentation is at risk for contamination from dusty space environments. Additionally, contamination from water and ice buildup can affect instrumentation function. Researchers at the Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a viable dust, water, and ice mitigation optical coating for space flight, aeronautical, and ground applications. The innovation of the LOTUS coating prevents contamination on sensitive surfaces, like optics, that cannot be cleaned during space missions.
This specification covers engineering requirements for the grinding of tungsten carbide high velocity oxygen/fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coatings applied to high strength steels (220 ksi and above).
Engineers, managers, technicians and other automation professionals at most manufacturers understand the value of pretreating metal surfaces of parts to remove corrosion, grease, residue, old coatings, or to roughen the surface of metals prior to coating. By ensuring the items are cleaned down to bare metal, manufacturers can avoid costly warranty issues that result when coatings peel, flake, bubble, or otherwise fail prematurely.
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) processes deposit material on all surfaces in a process chamber. Over time, the thickness of these deposits increases to the point that material begins to delaminate, producing gas-phase particulates that negatively impact process yield. Remote and in situ chemical etching processes are used to periodically remove these deposits from chamber walls, maintaining chamber cleanliness.
Electroplating is a process whereby an object is coated with one or more relatively thin, tightly adherent layers of one or more metals. It is accomplished by placing the object to be coated on a plating rack or a fixture, or in a basket or in a rotating container in such a manner that a suitable current may flow through it, and then immersing it in a series of solutions and rinses in planned sequence. The advantage to be gained by electroplating may be considerable; broadly speaking, the process is used when it is desired to endow the basis material (selected for cost, material conservation, and physical property reasons) with surface properties it does not possess. It should be noted that although electroplating is the most widely used process for applying metals to a substrate, they may also be applied by spraying, vacuum deposition, cladding, hot dipping, chemical reduction, mechanical plating, etc. The purpose for applying an electroplate and the metals used for various
This specification covers nonfluorescent magnetic particles in the form of a mixed, ready-to-use suspension in an odorless oil vehicle and packaged in aerosol cans.
This specification establishes requirements for pressure-sensitive adhesive tape designed for masking and color separation during aircraft painting operations.
Laser crystals can be considered the “engines” of solid-state lasers. They are used for gain media, for frequency conversion, and to manage laser characteristics and performance. Like the engine of a car, if laser crystals are clean and working properly, they allow the larger system to operate at a higher level. In the case of a laser system, operating at a high level means creating a stable beam and reaching high optical powers. Some advantages of laser crystals over other solid-state gain media are that they typically offer less absorption, a narrower emission bandwidth, higher transition cross-sections, and higher thermal conductivity. Laser crystals are critical for enabling a wide variety of applications including laser materials processing, laser surgery, sensing, defense applications like rangefinding, and more.
Engineers have created a highly effective way to paint complex 3D-printed objects, such as lightweight frames for aircraft and biomedical stents, that could save manufacturers time and money and provide new opportunities to create “smart skins” for printed parts.
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