Browse Topic: Spraying

Items (229)
This specification covers tungsten carbide-cobalt in the form of powder.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This standard provides the recommended requirements for electrostatic spray application of AMS3143 powder coatings to aerospace components. Adherence to these requirements will facilitate satisfactory performance of the applied powder coating.
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
University of Wisconsin–Madison engineers have used a spray coating technology to produce a new workhorse material that can withstand the harsh conditions inside a fusion reactor.
This specification covers nonfluorescent magnetic particles in the form of a mixed, ready-to-use suspension in an odorless oil vehicle and packaged in aerosol cans.
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
This specification covers a mold release agent in the form of a liquid.
AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee
This specification establishes requirements for pressure-sensitive adhesive tape designed for masking and color separation during aircraft painting operations.
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
This specification covers the material and process requirements for fabricating sandwich radomes having hot-melt, addition-reaction polyimide-resin-impregnated quartz cloth shells and polyimide-resin syntactic foam cores.
AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee
This specification covers the material and process requirements for fabricating sandwich radomes having polyimide-resin-impregnated quartz cloth shells and polyimide-resin syntactic foam cores.
AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee
Engineers have created a highly effective way to paint complex 3D-printed objects, such as lightweight frames for aircraft and biomedical stents, that could save manufacturers time and money and provide new opportunities to create “smart skins” for printed parts.
In recent years, bearing electrical failures have been a significant concern in electric cars, restricting electric engine life. This work aims to introduce a coating approach for preventing electrical erosion on 52100 alloy steel samples, the most common material used on manufacturing bearings. This paper discusses the causes of shaft voltage and bearing currents, and summarizes standard electrical bearing failure mechanisms, such as morphological damages and lubrication failures. Alumina coatings are suitable for insulating the 52100 alloy steel samples because alumina coatings provide excellent insulation, hardness, and corrosion resistance, among other characteristics. The common method to coat an insulated alumina coating on the bearing is thermal spraying, but overspray can cause environmental issues, and the coating procedures are costly and time-consuming. Based on the research, this article briefly discusses employing plasma electrolytic aluminating to coat 52100 alloy steel samples, an eco-friendly and high-efficiency coating process. Coating experiments were conducted over different coating periods to determine the most appropriate thin film for 52100 alloy steel samples. Scanning electronic microscopy observations indicated that pores reduced as their size and porosity rose with the increased treatment time. Longer treatment period resulted in thicker coating layers, but a rougher surface. The results indicated that extending the coating period increased the insulating characteristics of the ceramic coating on 52100 alloy steel samples. The single piece of 20-minute coated sample had the best insulation property, compared with other single pieces. Two 20-min coatings sample combinations provided the best resistance (121-143 MΩ) and the highest breaking voltage (914-935 V). Coatings remained in good condition after thermal shock tests.
Deng, DeweiCai, RanSun, JiayiNie, Xueyuan
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a highly sought-after engineering plastic for industrial applications, particularly in modern aircrafts. It offers better balance of impact strength, tensile strength, thermal resistance, dimensional stability, processing ability and affordability, the aircraft interior parts are made up of ABS plastic. However, ABS plastic is not a good choice for heavy-duty industrial applications that require corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and durability. Several studies have been published on surface metallization of ABS plastic using conventional electroplating and electroless methods, but there is little information is available on the use of thermal spray technique. This opens up a huge opportunity for research in this area to be conducted using most commonly used materials like zinc and low carbon steel. In the light of the above, the current work employs an electric arc spray technique to coat zinc and low carbon steel on ABS plastic. Prior to coating the alumina grit blasting was carried on tensile and bending samples which were prepared as per ASTM D638 and ASTM D790 standards respectively. Comparative studies showed that the zinc coated ABS samples showed better tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus than that of low carbon steel coated ABS specimen. Visual examination showed good surface finish with no surface damage for zinc coated ABS component.
Suryanarayana, Ramesh ChinnakurliG Koppad, PraveennathR, Suresh KumarR, Keshavamurthy
This specification covers tungsten carbide-cobalt chrome in the form of powder.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a solvent-dispersed, corrosion-inhibiting compound packaged in aerosol cans.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification covers a stable, nonvolatile, petroleum-base compound in a form suitable for application by dipping at 170 to 210 °F (77 to 99 °C).
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification covers a cobalt alloy in the form of powder.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Numerical Simulation of the Electrostatic Coating Process: the Effect of Applied Voltage, Droplet Charge and Size on the Coating Efficiency (SAE Paper 2021-01-0022)129693/16/2021
Electrostatic rotary bell sprayers (ERBSs) have been widely used in the painting industry due to their superior performance. The effects of the applied voltage and paint droplet charge values on the spraying pattern and coating transfer efficiency (TE) in the ERBS, including a ring for spray cloud control, have been studied numerically in a wide range of droplet size distribution. A 3D Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical analysis is implemented under the framework of the OpenFOAM package. The fluid dynamics of turbulence, primary and secondary breakup procedures are modeled using a large eddy simulation (LES) model, Rosin-Rammler distribution, and modified TAB approach, respectively. Compared to the conventional ERBSs, in the current work an exhaustive exhibition of the airflow dynamic and spray pattern characteristics around the ERBS with outer pattern control-ring, i.e., velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, vorticity, electric potential field, overspray, film thickness are reported. Our findings indicate that the control ring around the rotary bell rim improves the coating procedure TE and produces a more harmonized and narrower spray plume. Our in-depth investigation clearly shows the importance of the droplet charge values, voltage quantity, and considered droplet size range on the film thickness and its corresponding quality that is obtained from the workpiece.
Reza, Mohammad
Effects of Ambient Oxygen and Density on Primary Soot Size under Diesel-Like Conditions Using a Lagrangian Soot Tracking Model03-14-02-00183/10/2021
This article investigates the effect of ambient oxygen (O2) levels and ambient density on the primary soot size under diesel engine-like conditions via the Lagrangian soot tracking (LST) method. The numerical studies and soot analysis are carried out for an n-heptane spray flame in the Sandia constant volume combustion chamber. Numerical studies are carried out at two O2 levels of 15% and 12%, as well as two ambient densities of 14.8 kg/m3 and 30 kg/m3. The LST model involves treating the soot particles formed in the spray flame as Lagrangian particles, and their individual soot information is stored. Based on the primary soot size distribution for soot particles in the core of the spray jet, an increase in ambient density from 14.8 kg/m3 to 30 kg/m3 is shown to increase the peak and mean soot size by a factor of 1.5. Furthermore, the peak and mean primary soot size decreases with decreasing O2 levels from 15% to 12%. The larger primary soot size at higher O2 levels and ambient densities can be attributed to the higher net growth rate experienced by the soot particles. At low density, the span of the soot cloud is shorter O2 level is low. In contrast, the high-density cases show a comparable soot cloud span at both O2 levels before steady-state is reached. Soot age is introduced to predict the soot residence time in the spray flame. The results show that the soot residence time is dependent on both the span of the soot cloud and the initial onset location of the soot formed.
Ong, Jiun CaiPang, Kar MunWalther, Jens HonoreHo, Jee-HouNg, Hoon Kiat
Electrostatic Rotary Bell Sprayers (ERBSs) have been widely used in the painting industry, especially in the automotive and aerospace industries, due to their superior performance. The effects of the applied voltage and paint droplet charge values on the spraying pattern and coating Transfer Efficiency (TE) in the ERBS, including a high-voltage ring for spray cloud control, have been studied numerically in a wide range of droplet size distribution. A 3D Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical analysis is implemented under the framework of the OpenFOAM package. The fluid dynamics of turbulence, primary and secondary breakup procedures are modeled using a large eddy simulation (LES) model, Rosin-Rammler distribution, and modified TAB approach, respectively. Compared to the conventional ERBSs, in the current work an exhaustive exhibition of the airflow dynamic and spray pattern characteristics around the ERBS with outer high-voltage control-ring field pattern, i.e., velocity, vorticity, electric potential field, overspray, film thickness are reported. Our findings indicate that the control-ring around the rotary bell rim improves the coating procedure TE and produces a more harmonized and narrower spray plume. Our in-depth investigation clearly shows the importance of the droplet charge values, voltage quantity, and considered droplet size range on the film thickness and its corresponding quality that is obtained from the workpiece.
Pendar, Mohammad RezaPascoa, Jose
Combining manufacturing and paintshop processes with hardware and software similar to those used in the printing industry, Porsche says it has ready a new customization option for its 911 lineup that will allow customers to apply a custom design to the paintwork of the vehicle. To demonstrate the technique, Porsche initially is offering the ability to imprint the hood with a recreation of the customer's own fingerprint, but other customer-desired designs are intended to be offered later. The company developed the new “direct printing” paint method in conjunction with partners, saying the technique makes it possible to produce painted designs “that are not possible with conventional painting.” Currently, adding special designs on specific areas of a vehicle's sheetmetal typically is achieved by applying film graphics or so-called “skins,” but Porsche said that in terms of aesthetics and tactile sensation, the new paint process is superior to film-based appliques.
Visnic, Bill
This specification covers tungsten carbide-cobalt in the form of powder.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
In order to achieve the Toyota Environmental Challenge of 2050 (zero CO2 emissions), we have developed an innovative coating system that achieves more than 95% transfer efficiency. In order to reduce paint loss in the painting process, it is necessary to eliminate overdust and bounce dust. The most important point is how to spray (atomization, particle flight, adhesion) without shaping air. We have developed a “super high transfer efficiency system” that eliminates the need for shaping air. We continue to challenge the development of innovative technologies to view the paint shop as clean and eco-friendly environment.
Murai, YukiKondo, TakahitoTani, ShinjiMurata, Wataru
In this study we examined numerically the electrostatic spray transfer processes in the rotary bell spray applicator, which is this case implemented in a full 3D representation. Instead of an experimental approach [Stevenin et al., 2015, Fluids Eng., 137 (11)], here an algorithm implemented and developed for this simulation includes airflow, spray dynamics, tracking of paint droplets and an electrostatic modularized solver to present atomization and in-flight spray phenomena for the spray forming procedure. The algorithm is implemented using the OpenFOAM package. The shaping airflow is simulated via an unsteady 3D compressible Navier-Stokes method. Solver for particle trajectory was developed to illustrate the process of spray transport and also the interaction of airflow and particle that is solved by momentum coupling. As the numerical results in this paper indicates dominant operating parameter voltage setting, further the charge to mass ratio and air-paint flow rate deeply effect the spray shape and the transfer efficiency (TE). The spin of the bell forced the paint to fall off from the bell edge into the high-velocity airflow. By increasing the shaping airflow more uniform distribution of mass of paint is produced but the TE decreases. The size distribution is highly sensitive to the bell rotational speed. Our results demonstrate the validity of the numerical procedure and also the applicability of it in reducing the production costs for painting. Unsteady and dynamic treatment of the flow is described using Large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models, whereas the movement of the paint particles is modeled by the approach of tracking droplet size distribution, also the electrical potential effect on its size and form can be predicted. Using this advanced numerical simulation the efficiency and quality of the program can be evaluated precisely for industrial robots of paint over Off-Line Programming (OLP). Further, the paint spraym structure obtained from the numerical simulations is compared with the experimental data at the same working condition with appropriate quantitative accuracy.
Pendar, Mohammad RezaPascoa, Jose
ABSTRACT Corrosion damage to military ground vehicles costs the U.S. Army around $1.6B per year. A large part of that cost is related to keeping vehicles like the Stryker at their full fighting capability. Corrosion damage has been a common finding on Stryker vehicles and even light corrosion damage, which often reaches 10% of the body thickness or more, can degrade its armor protection rating and require replacement. Recently, cold spray deposition has been shown to be capable of restoring the full ballistic resistance of corrosion damaged high hard steel armor panels. These repairs can be done on-vehicle in depot facilities, using mobile high-pressure cold spray systems. This repair capability can reduce the number of entire side, roof, and floor panels that need to be cut out and re-welded in, which is the only currently approved repair operation for corrosion damage that exceeds allowable depths. Citation: V.K. Champagne, C.A. Widener, A.T. Nardi, G.D. Ferguson, “Structural Repair for Stryker HH Steel Body Panels Using Cold Spray”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2019.
Champagne, Victor K.Widener, Christian A.Nardi, Aaron T.Ferguson, Gehn D.
This specification establishes the engineering requirements for producing chemical-film coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys and the properties of such coatings.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification establishes requirements for a heat resistant aluminized organic coating with sufficient corrosion and erosion resistance for the finished substrate.
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers requirements for a self-propelled, boom-type aerial device, equipped with an aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluid spraying system. The unit shall be highly maneuverable for deicing all exterior surfaces of commercial aircraft, of sizes agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer, in accordance with AS6285. The vehicle shall be suitable for day and night operations.
G-12E Equipment Committee
This specification covers a blend of tungsten carbide-cobalt aggregate, a nickel alloy, and a nickel aluminum aggregate in the form of powder.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers nonfluorescent magnetic particles in the form of a mixed, ready-to-use suspension in an odorless oil vehicle and packaged in aerosol cans.
AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
This standard is intended for the automotive industry. Testing methods may specifically define the handling and packaging conditions for the material to be analyzed. In these cases, follow the method as closely as possible. Use this standard as a guide, where the protocol for handling and packaging the samples between part production and testing may be undefined.
Volatile Organic Compounds
This SAE Standard specifies the properties of chromate conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys. It details inspection and testing requirements for chromate conversion coatings.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This SAE Standard specifies requirements for the processing of iron and steel (excluding corrosion resisting steels) to produce coatings consisting essentially of inorganic phosphates, which are intended to be used in conjunction with supplementary finishes for the protection of the basis metal against corrosion (and in certain cases to give, additionally, anti-wear properties to sliding surfaces).
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification covers the engineering requirements for finishing aircraft parts and assemblies with an engine gray enamel.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
In order to better understand in-flame diesel soot oxidation processes, soot particles at the oxidation-dominant periphery of diesel spray flame were sampled by a newly developed “suck” type soot sampler employing a high-speed solenoid valve and their morphology and nanostructure were observed via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). A single-shot diesel spray flame for the soot sampling experiment was achieved in a constant-volume vessel under a diesel-like condition. The sampler instantaneously sucks out a small portion of soot laden gases from the flame. A TEM grid holds inside the flow passage close to its entrance is immediately exposed to the gas flow induced by the suction at the upstream of the solenoid valve, so that the quick thermophoretic soot deposition onto the grid surface can effectively freeze morphology variation of soot particles during the sampling processes. The morphology of soot particles sampled by the novel suck sampler and a conventionally used “skim” sampler directly exposing a TEM grid to the flame was compared and did not show notable qualitative differences. The on-grid concentration of soot sampled by the suck sampler was lower than the ones by the skim sampler, while the repeatability of the sampled on-grid soot concentration was improved especially at downstream in-flame sampling locations. The HR-TEM observations of soot particles sampled from the oxidation-dominant periphery of diesel spray flame showed that the outer layers of the soot particles exhibit lumpy surfaces which is possibly due to stripping and disintegration of the layers by rapid oxidation and makes it difficult to identify boundaries of primary particles within the aggregates. High-resolution images of the whole aggregates produced by stitching of multiple HR-TEM images showed that these nano-structural features are only partially seen in the aggregates sampled from the core regions of diesel spray flame especially at the perimeters of the aggregates, while the aggregates sampled from the flame periphery mostly exhibits wholly collapsed outer layers.
Toyama, YoshiakiTakahata, NozomiKondo, KatsufumiAizawa, Tetsuya
This SAE Standard specifies the requirements for the application of sprayed metal coatings of aluminum, zinc, or aluminum-zinc based alloys for the protection of aluminum alloys against corrosion. It does not cover the metal spraying of aluminumarmour materials, which should be treated in accordance with the requirements of Def Stan 08-39.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification covers the engineering requirements for finishing aircraft parts and assemblies with a black enamel.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
1 Inside a paint booth to spray paint on vehicle bodies, bumpers, and other parts (hereinafter referred to as “works”), air whose temperature and humidity are controlled by air-conditioner is supplied by blower fans through filters. Dust-eliminated and regulated air flow is sent downward from top to bottom (hereinafter referred to as “downflow”) in the painting booth. Conventionally, paint which does not adhere to work in spraying (hereinafter referred to as “paint mist”) is collected while flowing at a high speed through a slit opening called venturi scrubber in a mixture of air and water. However, this mist collecting system using venturi scrubber requires a large space with a large amount of pressure loss while consuming substantial energy. By radically changing the mist collecting principle, we developed a new compact system with less pressure loss aiming to reduce energy consumption by 40% in a half-size booth.
Iida, TatsuyaMitani, HiroyaSato, Mamoru
This SAE Information Report provides automotive engineers with the basic principles of corrosion, design guidelines to minimize corrosion, and a review of the various materials, treatments, and processes available to inhibit corrosion of both decorative and functional body and chassis components.
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
The mechanism of automotive body corrosion is scientific, based on established laws of chemistry and physics. Yet there are many opinions related to the cause of body corrosion, not always based on scientific axioms. The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to present a basic understanding of the types of body corrosion, the factors that contribute to body corrosion, the testing procedures, evaluation of corrosion performance, and glossary of related terms.
Materials, Processes and Parts Council
The surfaces that shed drops helps with mitigation of icing. Shedding of drop depends on surface hydrophobicity, which becomes affected when exposed to water and/or UV. The hydrophobicity degradation of six (Spray SHS, Etched Al SHS, Hydrobead, Neverwet, Waterbeader, and WX2100) different super-hydrophobic surfaces (SHS), exposed to water or UV, were studied from the drop shedding perspective. Two methods were adopted for the hydrophobicity analysis. Among them, one is to study the contact angles (CA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) change at static state (i.e., no airflow) compared to the untreated surface. The other one is to analyze the change in critical air velocity (Uc) for a given drop exposed to airflow, on water/UV treated surfaces at room temperature (22 °C) and icing conditions (−1 and −7 °C). For the water/UV treated surfaces, the static CAH and Uc (for all temperatures tested) for drops on Etched Al SHS, Hydrobead, and Neverwet, were found to be less than the specified value for a surface to deem as under performing. Hence, from the overall analysis, Etched Al SHS, Hydrobead, and Neverwet, are considered retaining their performance fairly well at both room temperature and icing conditions after exposure.
Amirfazli, Alidad
This SAE Standard specifies the properties of chromate conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys. It details inspection and testing requirements for chromate conversion coatings.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
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