Browse Topic: Spraying

Items (240)

STRUCTURAL REPAIR FOR STRYKER HH STEEL BODY PANELS USING COLD SPRAY

2024-01-3814

11/15/2024

ABSTRACT Corrosion damage to military ground vehicles costs the U.S. Army around $1.6B per year. A large part of that cost is related to keeping vehicles like the Stryker at their full fighting capability. Corrosion damage has been a common finding on Stryker vehicles and even light corrosion damage, which often reaches 10% of the body thickness or more, can degrade its armor protection rating and require replacement. Recently, cold spray deposition has been shown to be capable of restoring the full ballistic resistance of corrosion damaged high hard steel armor panels. These repairs can be done on-vehicle in depot facilities, using mobile high-pressure cold spray systems. This repair capability can reduce the number of entire side, roof, and floor panels that need to be cut out and re-welded in, which is the only currently approved repair operation for corrosion damage that exceeds allowable depths. Citation: V.K. Champagne, C.A. Widener, A.T. Nardi, G.D. Ferguson, “Structural Repair

Champagne, Victor K., Widener, Christian A., Nardi, Aaron T., Ferguson, Gehn D.

A New Material That Excels at Trapping Hydrogen

TBMG-50641

05/01/2024

University of Wisconsin–Madison engineers have used a spray coating technology to produce a new workhorse material that can withstand the harsh conditions inside a fusion reactor

Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Wet Method, Oil Vehicle, Aerosol Packaged

AMS3043F (Current)

05/10/2023

This specification covers nonfluorescent magnetic particles in the form of a mixed, ready-to-use suspension in an odorless oil vehicle and packaged in aerosol cans

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Miniaturized Electrospray System

TBMG-4732001/01/2023

Innovators at NASA’s John F. Kennedy Space Center have developed a miniaturized electrospray system that electrostatically charges and delivers liquids to grounded targets. The technology was developed as an alternative to existing options for in-space aeroponic food production applications

Mold Release Agent

AMS3091C (Current)

10/04/2022

This specification covers a mold release agent in the form of a liquid

AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee

Tapes, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive, Masking, Non-Staining for Aircraft Painting Applications

AMST21595A (Current)

09/14/2022

This specification establishes requirements for pressure-sensitive adhesive tape designed for masking and color separation during aircraft painting operations

AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee

Radome, Foam Sandwich Hot-Melt, Addition-Type Polyimide

AMS3913B (Current)

08/10/2022

This specification covers the material and process requirements for fabricating sandwich radomes having hot-melt, addition-reaction polyimide-resin-impregnated quartz cloth shells and polyimide-resin syntactic foam cores

AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee

Radomes, Foam Sandwich Polyimide/Quartz Cloth Construction

AMS3912A (Current)

08/10/2022

This specification covers the material and process requirements for fabricating sandwich radomes having polyimide-resin-impregnated quartz cloth shells and polyimide-resin syntactic foam cores

AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee

Method Sprays Extremely Thin Wires on 3D Objects

TBMG-4599506/01/2022

Engineers have invented a way to spray extremely thin wires made of a plant-based material that could be used in N95 mask filters, devices that harvest energy for electricity, and potentially the creation of human organs. The method involves spraying methylcellulose, a renewable plastic material derived from plant cellulose, on 3D printed and other objects ranging from electronics to plants

Painting 3D-Printed Objects

TBMG-45994

06/01/2022

Engineers have created a highly effective way to paint complex 3D-printed objects, such as lightweight frames for aircraft and biomedical stents, that could save manufacturers time and money and provide new opportunities to create “smart skins” for printed parts

Electrical Insulation Properties of Alumina Coatings on SAE 52100 Bearing Steel

2022-01-0726

03/29/2022

In recent years, bearing electrical failures have been a significant concern in electric cars, restricting electric engine life. This work aims to introduce a coating approach for preventing electrical erosion on 52100 alloy steel samples, the most common material used on manufacturing bearings. This paper discusses the causes of shaft voltage and bearing currents, and summarizes standard electrical bearing failure mechanisms, such as morphological damages and lubrication failures. Alumina coatings are suitable for insulating the 52100 alloy steel samples because alumina coatings provide excellent insulation, hardness, and corrosion resistance, among other characteristics. The common method to coat an insulated alumina coating on the bearing is thermal spraying, but overspray can cause environmental issues, and the coating procedures are costly and time-consuming. Based on the research, this article briefly discusses employing plasma electrolytic aluminating to coat 52100 alloy steel

Deng, Dewei, Cai, Ran, Sun, Jiayi, Nie, Xueyuan

Development of Zinc and Low Carbon Steel Coatings on ABS Plastic by Electric ARC Spraying

2022-01-0057

03/08/2022

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a highly sought-after engineering plastic for industrial applications, particularly in modern aircrafts. It offers better balance of impact strength, tensile strength, thermal resistance, dimensional stability, processing ability and affordability, the aircraft interior parts are made up of ABS plastic. However, ABS plastic is not a good choice for heavy-duty industrial applications that require corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and durability. Several studies have been published on surface metallization of ABS plastic using conventional electroplating and electroless methods, but there is little information is available on the use of thermal spray technique. This opens up a huge opportunity for research in this area to be conducted using most commonly used materials like zinc and low carbon steel. In the light of the above, the current work employs an electric arc spray technique to coat zinc and low carbon steel on ABS plastic. Prior

Suryanarayana, Ramesh Chinnakurli, G Koppad, Praveennath, R, Suresh Kumar, R, Keshavamurthy

Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Chrome Powder Agglomerated and Sintered

AMS7882D (Current)

10/01/2021

This specification covers tungsten carbide-cobalt chrome in the form of powder

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Compound, Corrosion-Inhibiting Water-Displacing, Soft Film, Aerosol Canned

AMS3066C (Current)08/09/2021

This specification covers a solvent-dispersed, corrosion-inhibiting compound packaged in aerosol cans

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Compound, Corrosion-Preventive Hard Film, Hot Application

AMS3075F (Current)08/09/2021

This specification covers a stable, nonvolatile, petroleum-base compound in a form suitable for application by dipping at 170 to 210 °F (77 to 99 °C

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

New Spraying Method for Producing Ceramic Coatings

TBMG-3958408/01/2021

The production of ceramic coatings has only been possible by means of sintering techniques conducted at more than 1,000 °C. A new spraying method called Powder Aerosol Deposition (PAD) enables their production at normal room temperatures. It is therefore highly attractive for industrial applications

Cobalt Alloy, Powder, Plasma Spray 56.5Co - 25.5Cr - 10.5Ni - 7.5W

AMS5791D (Current)

05/19/2021

This specification covers a cobalt alloy in the form of powder

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Numerical Simulation of the Electrostatic Coating Process: the Effect of Applied Voltage, Droplet Charge and Size on the Coating Efficiency (SAE Paper 2021-01-0022

1296903/16/2021

Electrostatic rotary bell sprayers (ERBSs) have been widely used in the painting industry due to their superior performance. The effects of the applied voltage and paint droplet charge values on the spraying pattern and coating transfer efficiency (TE) in the ERBS, including a ring for spray cloud control, have been studied numerically in a wide range of droplet size distribution. A 3D Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical analysis is implemented under the framework of the OpenFOAM package. The fluid dynamics of turbulence, primary and secondary breakup procedures are modeled using a large eddy simulation (LES) model, Rosin-Rammler distribution, and modified TAB approach, respectively. Compared to the conventional ERBSs, in the current work an exhaustive exhibition of the airflow dynamic and spray pattern characteristics around the ERBS with outer pattern control-ring, i.e., velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, vorticity, electric potential field, overspray, film thickness are reported. Our

Reza, Mohammad

Effects of Ambient Oxygen and Density on Primary Soot Size under Diesel-Like Conditions Using a Lagrangian Soot Tracking Model

03-14-02-001803/10/2021

This article investigates the effect of ambient oxygen (O2) levels and ambient density on the primary soot size under diesel engine-like conditions via the Lagrangian soot tracking (LST) method. The numerical studies and soot analysis are carried out for an n-heptane spray flame in the Sandia constant volume combustion chamber. Numerical studies are carried out at two O2 levels of 15% and 12%, as well as two ambient densities of 14.8 kg/m3 and 30 kg/m3. The LST model involves treating the soot particles formed in the spray flame as Lagrangian particles, and their individual soot information is stored. Based on the primary soot size distribution for soot particles in the core of the spray jet, an increase in ambient density from 14.8 kg/m3 to 30 kg/m3 is shown to increase the peak and mean soot size by a factor of 1.5. Furthermore, the peak and mean primary soot size decreases with decreasing O2 levels from 15% to 12%. The larger primary soot size at higher O2 levels and ambient

Ong, Jiun Cai, Pang, Kar Mun, Walther, Jens Honore, Ho, Jee-Hou, Ng, Hoon Kiat

Numerical Simulation of the Electrostatic Coating Process: the Effect of Applied Voltage, Droplet Charge and Size on the Coating Efficiency

2021-01-0022

03/02/2021

Electrostatic Rotary Bell Sprayers (ERBSs) have been widely used in the painting industry, especially in the automotive and aerospace industries, due to their superior performance. The effects of the applied voltage and paint droplet charge values on the spraying pattern and coating Transfer Efficiency (TE) in the ERBS, including a high-voltage ring for spray cloud control, have been studied numerically in a wide range of droplet size distribution. A 3D Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical analysis is implemented under the framework of the OpenFOAM package. The fluid dynamics of turbulence, primary and secondary breakup procedures are modeled using a large eddy simulation (LES) model, Rosin-Rammler distribution, and modified TAB approach, respectively. Compared to the conventional ERBSs, in the current work an exhaustive exhibition of the airflow dynamic and spray pattern characteristics around the ERBS with outer high-voltage control-ring field pattern, i.e., velocity, vorticity, electric

Pendar, Mohammad Reza, Pascoa, Jose

Customization drives new Porsche paint process

20AUTP06_1106/01/2020

Combining manufacturing and paintshop processes with hardware and software similar to those used in the printing industry, Porsche says it has ready a new customization option for its 911 lineup that will allow customers to apply a custom design to the paintwork of the vehicle. To demonstrate the technique, Porsche initially is offering the ability to imprint the hood with a recreation of the customer's own fingerprint, but other customer-desired designs are intended to be offered later. The company developed the new “direct printing” paint method in conjunction with partners, saying the technique makes it possible to produce painted designs “that are not possible with conventional painting.” Currently, adding special designs on specific areas of a vehicle's sheetmetal typically is achieved by applying film graphics or so-called “skins,” but Porsche said that in terms of aesthetics and tactile sensation, the new paint process is superior to film-based appliques

Visnic, Bill

Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Powder Agglomerated and Sintered

AMS7881B (Current)

05/06/2020

This specification covers tungsten carbide-cobalt in the form of powder

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Powder

AMS7879G (Current)

04/21/2020

This specification covers tungsten carbide-cobalt in the form of powder

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Super High Transfer Efficiency Application for Body Coating

2020-01-0901

04/14/2020

In order to achieve the Toyota Environmental Challenge of 2050 (zero CO2 emissions), we have developed an innovative coating system that achieves more than 95% transfer efficiency. In order to reduce paint loss in the painting process, it is necessary to eliminate overdust and bounce dust. The most important point is how to spray (atomization, particle flight, adhesion) without shaping air. We have developed a “super high transfer efficiency system” that eliminates the need for shaping air. We continue to challenge the development of innovative technologies to view the paint shop as clean and eco-friendly environment

Murai, Yuki, Kondo, Takahito, Tani, Shinji, Murata, Wataru

Numerical Investigation of Electrostatic Spray Painting Transfer Processes for Vehicle Coating

2019-01-1856

09/16/2019

In this study we examined numerically the electrostatic spray transfer processes in the rotary bell spray applicator, which is this case implemented in a full 3D representation. Instead of an experimental approach [Stevenin et al., 2015, Fluids Eng., 137 (11)], here an algorithm implemented and developed for this simulation includes airflow, spray dynamics, tracking of paint droplets and an electrostatic modularized solver to present atomization and in-flight spray phenomena for the spray forming procedure. The algorithm is implemented using the OpenFOAM package. The shaping airflow is simulated via an unsteady 3D compressible Navier-Stokes method. Solver for particle trajectory was developed to illustrate the process of spray transport and also the interaction of airflow and particle that is solved by momentum coupling. As the numerical results in this paper indicates dominant operating parameter voltage setting, further the charge to mass ratio and air-paint flow rate deeply effect

Pendar, Mohammad Reza, Pascoa, Jose

Designing Sensors for Hazardous Environments

TBMG-3519609/01/2019

Some of the most common applications for hazardous duty sensors are in the oil and gas industry. Rotary encoders are frequently used to provide crucial feedback about moving machinery on the rig. Flammable agents are common in applications near the wellbore, so most electrical components on the rig require special hazardous area certification. Hazardous duty sensors are also used in applications such as paint spray booths because of the volatiles coming off the paint; grain silos because the dust environment is very explosive; chemical factories; explosives factories; and believe it or not, for cosmetics because the very fine powders that are used are highly explosive

AEROSPACE STANDARD PROTECTIVE COVER, CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE, REVERSE BAYONET COUPLING

AS95234/11 (Current)08/27/2019

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE, REVERSE BAYONET COUPLING, DUMMY STOWAGE

AS95234/12 (Current)08/27/2019

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Chemical Treatment for Aluminum Alloys Low Electrical Resistance Coating

AMS2474E (Current)06/25/2019

This specification establishes the engineering requirements for producing chemical-film coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys and the properties of such coatings

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Heat Resistant Aluminized Paint

AMS3604A (Current)

06/11/2019

This specification establishes requirements for a heat resistant aluminized organic coating with sufficient corrosion and erosion resistance for the finished substrate

AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee

Aircraft Deicing Vehicle - Self-Propelled

ARP1971D (Current)

02/13/2019

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers requirements for a self-propelled, boom-type aerial device, equipped with an aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluid spraying system. The unit shall be highly maneuverable for deicing all exterior surfaces of commercial aircraft, of sizes agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer, in accordance with AS6285. The vehicle shall be suitable for day and night operations

G-12E Equipment Committee

Powder, Plasma Spray 50 (88WC - 12Co) + 35 (70Ni - 16.5Cr - 4Fe - 4Si - 3.8B) + 15 (80Ni - 20A1) Three-Component Mixture

AMS5792B (Historical)

10/10/2018

This specification covers a blend of tungsten carbide-cobalt aggregate, a nickel alloy, and a nickel aluminum aggregate in the form of powder

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Wet Method, Oil Vehicle, Aerosol Packaged

AMS3043E (Historical)

08/31/2018

This specification covers nonfluorescent magnetic particles in the form of a mixed, ready-to-use suspension in an odorless oil vehicle and packaged in aerosol cans

AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee

Remover, Epoxy Paint Acid-Type, Thickened

AMS1376B (Current)

08/23/2018

This specification covers a paint remover in the form of a liquid

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Hardface Coating Systems for Wear and Corrosion Resistance

TBMG-3249608/01/2018

Metal alloys, such as titanium alloys and steels, are known to have a good combination of mechanical properties for many structural applications, but these metal alloys do not meet the wear and corrosion resistance requirements for some structural applications. Titanium alloys, for example, have many attractive properties such as high specific strength and stiffness, relatively low density, and excellent corrosion resistance, but have poor resistance to wear and oxidation at high temperatures. Conventional surfacing (such as nitriding), coating deposition (such as plasma spraying and sputtering), and plating have significant shortcomings that include potentially providing distorted substrates, deteriorated surfaces, and/or weak interfacial bonding

Compound, Corrosion Preventive Soft Film, Thixotropic, Cold Application

AMS3077A (Current)

04/24/2018

This specification covers a ready-mixed thixotropic compound in the form of a stable film-forming compound suitable for application by brushing or spraying

AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee

Handling and Packaging of Materials and Components for Emissions Testing

J2989_201804 (Historical)

04/05/2018

This standard is intended for the automotive industry. Testing methods may specifically define the handling and packaging conditions for the material to be analyzed. In these cases, follow the method as closely as possible. Use this standard as a guide, where the protocol for handling and packaging the samples between part production and testing may be undefined

Volatile Organic Compounds

Chromate Conversion Coatings (Chromate Filming Treatments) Grades: Standard and Brushing for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

AMS03_18A (Current)

02/15/2018

This SAE Standard specifies the properties of chromate conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys. It details inspection and testing requirements for chromate conversion coatings

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Comparison Between Wave Soldering and Reflow Soldering

TBMG-2833702/01/2018

As contemporary electronics embrace light weight, increasing efficiency, and high speed, each link of the manufacturing process also conforms to this philosophy, including printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. Soldering has played an essential role in determining the success of electronic products, since electrical connections derive from precise soldering. Compared with hand soldering, automatic soldering has been widely selected due to its merits of high accuracy and speed, and the demands of large volume and high cost-effectiveness. As the leading soldering technologies for assembly, wave soldering and reflow soldering have been most widely applied to high-quality assembly; however, the differences between the two technologies continue to confuse many, and when each should be used is also vague

Phosphate Treatment of Iron and Steel

AMS03_11A (Current)

10/04/2017

This SAE Standard specifies requirements for the processing of iron and steel (excluding corrosion resisting steels) to produce coatings consisting essentially of inorganic phosphates, which are intended to be used in conjunction with supplementary finishes for the protection of the basis metal against corrosion (and in certain cases to give, additionally, anti-wear properties to sliding surfaces

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Self-Lubricating Hard Coatings for Extreme Environments

TBMG-2768010/01/2017

NASA’ s space goals include a permanent presence on the Moon and an expedition to Mars. The success of habitats and vehicles on the Moon and Mars — and ultimately, of the human exploration of and permanent human presence on the Moon and Mars — is critically dependent on the correct and reliable operation of many moving mechanical assemblies. These harsh environments include severe dust, extreme cold and heat, and high vacuum, which make the use of liquid lubrication systems impractical. Potential threats common to both the Moon and Mars are low ambient temperatures, wide daily temperature swings (thermal cycling), solar flux, cosmic radiation, and large quantities of dust. The surface of Mars provides the additional challenges of dust storms, wind, and a carbon dioxide atmosphere. It is essential, therefore, to develop specialized mechanical components, such as bearings and gears, and to develop proper, long-life solid lubrication systems/coatings for each application

Engine Gray Finishing Low Baking

AMS2510F (Current)

09/20/2017

This specification covers the engineering requirements for finishing aircraft parts and assemblies with an engine gray enamel

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Soot Oxidation in Periphery of Diesel Spray Flame via High-Speed Sampling and HR-TEM Observation

2017-24-0067

09/04/2017

In order to better understand in-flame diesel soot oxidation processes, soot particles at the oxidation-dominant periphery of diesel spray flame were sampled by a newly developed “suck” type soot sampler employing a high-speed solenoid valve and their morphology and nanostructure were observed via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). A single-shot diesel spray flame for the soot sampling experiment was achieved in a constant-volume vessel under a diesel-like condition. The sampler instantaneously sucks out a small portion of soot laden gases from the flame. A TEM grid holds inside the flow passage close to its entrance is immediately exposed to the gas flow induced by the suction at the upstream of the solenoid valve, so that the quick thermophoretic soot deposition onto the grid surface can effectively freeze morphology variation of soot particles during the sampling processes. The morphology of soot particles sampled by the novel suck sampler and a

Toyama, Yoshiaki, Takahata, Nozomi, Kondo, Katsufumi, Aizawa, Tetsuya

Protection of Aluminum Alloys by Sprayed Metal Coatings

AMS03_3A (Current)

03/21/2017

This SAE Standard specifies the requirements for the application of sprayed metal coatings of aluminum, zinc, or aluminum-zinc based alloys for the protection of aluminum alloys against corrosion. It does not cover the metal spraying of aluminumarmour materials, which should be treated in accordance with the requirements of Def Stan 08-39

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

J1455_201703 (Current)

03/17/2017

The scope of this Recommended Practice encompasses the range of environments which influence the performance and reliability of the electronic equipment designed for heavy duty on and off road vehicles, as well as any appropriate stationary applications which also use these vehicle derived components. A few examples of such vehicles are on and off highway trucks, trailers, buses, construction equipment, and agricultural equipment including implements

Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee

Black Finishing Low Baking Enamel

AMS2503G (Current)

02/07/2017

This specification covers the engineering requirements for finishing aircraft parts and assemblies with a black enamel

AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee

Processes Including Methods

AS6286/1 (Historical)11/01/2016

This document shall be used in conjunction with

G-12T Training and Quality Programs Committee

Development of Paint Booth: “New Paint Mist Collection Method

2016-01-1258

04/05/2016

1 Inside a paint booth to spray paint on vehicle bodies, bumpers, and other parts (hereinafter referred to as “works”), air whose temperature and humidity are controlled by air-conditioner is supplied by blower fans through filters. Dust-eliminated and regulated air flow is sent downward from top to bottom (hereinafter referred to as “downflow”) in the painting booth. Conventionally, paint which does not adhere to work in spraying (hereinafter referred to as “paint mist”) is collected while flowing at a high speed through a slit opening called venturi scrubber in a mixture of air and water. However, this mist collecting system using venturi scrubber requires a large space with a large amount of pressure loss while consuming substantial energy. By radically changing the mist collecting principle, we developed a new compact system with less pressure loss aiming to reduce energy consumption by 40% in a half-size booth

Iida, Tatsuya, Mitani, Hiroya, Sato, Mamoru

Body Corrosion - A Comprehensive Introduction

J1617_201604 (Current)

04/05/2016

The mechanism of automotive body corrosion is scientific, based on established laws of chemistry and physics. Yet there are many opinions related to the cause of body corrosion, not always based on scientific axioms. The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to present a basic understanding of the types of body corrosion, the factors that contribute to body corrosion, the testing procedures, evaluation of corrosion performance, and glossary of related terms

Materials, Processes and Parts Council

Prevention of Corrosion of Motor Vehicle Body and Chassis Components

J447_201604 (Current)

04/05/2016

This SAE Information Report provides automotive engineers with the basic principles of corrosion, design guidelines to minimize corrosion, and a review of the various materials, treatments, and processes available to inhibit corrosion of both decorative and functional body and chassis components

Materials, Processes and Parts Council

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