Irradiation with High Energy Electron Beams Increases the Hardness of Metamorphic Copper-Based Alloys

This study delves into the innovative realm of synthesizing surface alloyed materials by utilizing copper-based metamorphic powders subjected to high-intensity electron beam irradiation. The process involves depositing metamorphic particles onto a stainless-steel substrate, and subsequently exposing the assembly to a powerful electron beam, resulting in the development of distinct surface alloyed layers. A notable advancement was achieved by introducing a second layer of metamorphic powders over the existing alloyed layer, followed by further treatment with the electron beam. The alloyed layers, characterized by a volumetric concentration ranging from 60 to 67%, exhibited a fascinating phenomenon— the formation of abundant borate crystals with the chemical formula Al2.56Fe1.75Ni0.84. This crystal presence significantly elevated the hardness of the surface alloyed layers, showcasing an impressive five to sevenfold increase compared to the substrates. Importantly, the alloyed layers demonstrated remarkable thermal stability, successfully enduring a rigorous test at 450 degrees Celsius. The subsequent Vickers hardness measurement, registering at 300 VHN, underscores the substantial and enduring hardness achieved. Beyond these core findings, this study sheds light on the potential of alloyed-surface materials in demanding applications requiring robust heat resistance and exceptional wear resistance. The methodological synergy of metamorphic powders and electron beam irradiation serves as a promising avenue for the development of advanced materials with heightened mechanical properties. Furthermore, this research opens avenues for future investigations into the specific structural and compositional attributes contributing to the observed material enhancements.