Browse Topic: Vehicle accessibility
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform procedures for assuring the manufactured quality, installed utility, and service performance of manual automotive adaptive products, other than those provided by the OEM, intended to provide driving capability for persons with physical disabilities. These devices function as adaptive appliances to compensate for lost or reduced performance in the drivers’ arms or legs, or both. Some of the devices are designed to transfer foot functions to the hands, hand functions to the feet, or functions from one side of the body to the other. This document applies only to primary controls as defined in 3.4.1 and in the Foreword. In particular, this document is specifically concerned with those mechanical and hybrid products that are intended by the manufacturer of the adaptive product to: Be installed within the occupant space of the vehicle Be operated by a vehicle driver with a physical disability Be added to, or substituted for, the OEM vehicle
A significant portion of the global population about 13.6% of the world's population faces challenges due to upper limb disabilities caused by accidents, genetics, health issues or aging. These people struggle with everyday mobility tasks and often need help. Hence, the research is focused on creating special vehicle control systems to help them. This study gathers knowledge from various science and technology fields to develop foot-operated steering systems letting those with upper limb differences control vehicles with their feet. The research explores various technologies like modified steering, brain-controlled vehicles, foot-operated steering, steer-by-wire and Ackermann steering. Most of these systems are custom-made for people with upper limb differences. Ensuring safety, security, malfunction prevention, precise steering, user-friendliness and affordability is a significant challenge that demands advanced technology. Furthermore, there is a requirement to develop this system to
This SAE Information Report relates to a special class of automotive adaptive equipment which consists of modifications to the power steering system provided as original equipment on personally licensed vehicles. These modifications are generically called “modified effort steering” or “reduced effort power steering.” The purpose of the modification is to alter the amount of driver effort required to steer the vehicle. Retention of reliability, ease of use for physically disabled drivers and maintainability are of primary concern. As an Information Report, the numerical values for performance measurements presented in this report and in the test procedure in the appendices, while based upon the best knowledge available at the time, have not been validated.
Challenges that persons with disabilities face with current modes of transportation have led to difficulties in carrying out everyday tasks, such as grocery shopping and going to doctors’ appointments. Autonomous vehicles have been proposed as a solution to overcome these challenges and make these everyday tasks more accessible. For these vehicles to be fully accessible, the infrastructure surrounding them need to be safe, easy to use, and intuitive for people with disabilities. Thus, the goal of this work was to analyze interview data from persons with disabilities, and their caregivers, to identify barriers to accessibility for current modes of transportation and ways to ameliorate them in pick up/drop off zones for autonomous vehicles. To do this, interview subjects were recruited from adaptive sports clubs, assistive living facilities, and other disability networks to discuss challenges with current public transit stops/stations. Responses to questions were recorded and later
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a uniform procedure for assuring the manufactured quality, installed utility and performance of automotive products to the relocation, alteration, replacement, and/or extension of secondary controls and systems other than those provided by the vehicle manufacturer (OEM). These products are intended to provide driving capability to persons with physical disabilities. These products function as adaptive modifications to compensate for lost or reduced function in the extremities of the driver. These include, but are not limited to, the following: Cruise control; door locks; gear selector; hazard flasher; headlight beam selector; heater/vent/defroster/air conditioner (HVAC); horn; ignition/starter; light controls; mirrors; parking brake; power seats; turn signals; power window controls; and windshield wiper/washer; rear accessories (defogger, wiper/washer). The purpose of any secondary control adaptation is to provide the effective use of the motor
The recommendations in this SAE Information Report apply to structural integrity, performance, driveability, and serviceability of personally licensed vehicles not exceeding 10 000 lb GVWR. While many of these recommendations may have application to other vehicles, such as those used in paratransit operations, the contents of this document are not directed at these types of vehicles.
This test procedure is for qualification testing of powered gas/brake control systems to assure compliance with the recommended practices for these assistive devices. A powered gas/brake control system which passes all of the tests shall be considered to be in compliance with the recommended practices. The control shall pass all tests denoted by a “shall” in the recommended practice or the recommended test procedure (RTP). All the results of all tests and requirements denoted by a “should” shall be noted, but failure to comply will not constitute failure to pass the test.
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a uniform procedure for assuring the manufactured quality, installed utility, and performance of automotive powered gas/brake controls other than those provided by the vehicle manufacturer (OEM). These products are intended to provide driving capability to persons with physical disabilities. These products function as adaptive modifications to compensate for lost or reduced function in the extremities of the driver. Powered gas/brake control systems are not only designed to transfer foot functions to the hands or from one side of the body to the other, but to supplement by power, other than by the driver’s own muscular efforts, the force output of the driver.
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to electrically powered hydraulic or mechanically operated platform devices which permit a person seated in a manual or powered wheelchair to enter or exit a personally licensed vehicle. The minimum performance and durability requirements are specified for satisfactory installation of wheelchair lifting devices in a personally licensed vehicle to be used by a person seated in a wheelchair to be lifted from the ground plane to the vehicle floor level in a reliable and safe manner.
This test procedure is for Qualification Testing of electrically powered hydraulic or mechanically operated devices which permit a person in a manual or powered wheelchair to enter or exit a personally licensed vehicle. It establishes minimum test requirements for compliance. A lift completing the test without failure under this procedure shall be considered in compliance. The tests in Section 3 shall be done in the sequence listed.
It is expected that Level 4 and 5 automated driving systems-dedicated vehicles (ADS-DVs) will eventually enable persons to travel at will who are otherwise unable to obtain a driver's license for a conventional vehicle, namely, persons with certain visual, cognitive, and/or physical impairments. This information report focuses on these disabilities, but also provides guidance for those with other disabilities. This report is limited to fleet operated on-demand shared mobility scenarios, as this is widely considered to be the first way people will be able to interact with ADS-DVs. To be more specific, this report does not address fixed route transit services or private vehicle ownership. Similarly, this report is focused on road-worthy vehicles; not scooters, golf carts, etc. Lastly, this report does not address the design of chair lifts, ramps, or securements for persons who use wheeled mobility devices (WHMD) (e.g., wheelchair, electric cart, etc.), as these matters are addressed by
The ability to independently transfer into and out of a vehicle is essential for many wheelchair users to achieve driving independence. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study that investigated the transfer strategies of wheelchair users who drive from their driver’s seat and not from their wheelchair. The goal of this study was to identify typical ingress and egress motions as well as “touch points” of wheelchair users transferring into and out of the driver’s seat. While motion databases exist for the ingress and egress of able-bodied drivers, this study provides insight on drivers with physical disabilities. Twenty-five YouTube videos of wheelchair users who transferred into and out of their own sedans were analyzed. The locations where the drivers’ hands, feet, and hips interacted with the vehicle, as well as the actions of the drivers while transferring from their wheelchair into the driver’s seat and then transferring from the driver’s seat into their wheelchair
This paper develops a design paradigm for universal products. Universal design is term used for designing products and systems that are equally accessible to and usable by people with and without disabilities. Two common challenges for research in this area are that (1) There is a continuum of disabilities making it hard to optimize product features, and (2) There is no effective benchmark for evaluating such products. To exacerbate these issues, data regarding customer disabilities and their preferences is hard to come by. We propose a copula-based approach for modeling market coverage of a portfolio of universal products. The multiattribute preference of customers to purchase a product is modeled as Frank's Archimedean Copula. The inputs from various disparate sources can be collected and incorporated into a decision system. Thereafter, an optimal portfolio is found through optimization which takes into account the disability level continuum while accounting for overlap demand within
This test procedure is for qualification testing of powered gas/brake control systems to assure compliance with the Recommended Practices for these assistive devices. A powered gas/brake control system which passes all of the tests shall be considered to be in compliance with the Recommended Practices. The control shall pass all tests denoted by a “shall” in the Recommended Practice or the Recommended Test Procedure. All the results of all tests and requirements denoted by a “should” shall be noted, but failure to comply will not constitute failure to pass the test.
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a uniform procedure for assuring the manufactured quality, installed utility and performance of automotive powered gas/brake controls other than those provided by the vehicle manufacturer (OEM). These products are intended to provide driving capability to persons with physical disabilities. These products function as adaptive modifications to compensate for lost or reduced function in the extremities of the driver. Powered gas/brake control systems are not only designed to transfer foot functions to the hands or from one side of the body to the other, but to supplement by power, other than by the driver’s own muscular efforts, the force output of the driver.
This SAE Information Report (IR) establishes a uniform procedure for assuring the manufactured quality, installed utility and performance of automotive powered gas/brake controls other than those provided by the vehicle manufacturer (OEM). These products are intended to provide driving capability to persons with physical disabilities. These products function as adaptive modifications to compensate for lost or reduced function in the extremities of the driver. Powered gas/brake control systems are not only designed to transfer foot functions to the hands or from one side of the body to the other, but to supplement by power, other than by the driver’s own muscular efforts, the force output of the driver. Because this is an Information Report, the numerical values for performance measurements presented in this report and in the accompanying Test Procedure, while based upon the best knowledge available at the time, have not been validated by a testing of the Test Procedure.
This Information Report relates to a special class of automotive adaptive equipment which consists of modifications to the power brake booster systems provided as original equipment of motor vehicles. These modifications are generically called "Reduced Effort Power Brakes" (REPB) The purpose of the modification is to lower the amount of driver effort required to apply the brakes. Retention of reliability, ease of use and maintainability for disabled drivers, passengers, and the general public is of primary concern. Reduced Effort Power Brake modifications should be qualified by the tests referenced in the Recommended Test Procedure. The tests set forth in that procedure should be applied, and failure of a Reduced Effort Power Brake modification to meet those tests should disqualify the modification from the claim of meeting the specifications of this Information Report. Because this is an Information Report, the numerical values for performance measurements presented in this report and
This Information Report relates to a special class of automotive adaptive equipment which consists of modifications to the hydraulic control mechanism of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) power steering systems provided as original equipment on personally licensed vehicles. These modifications are generically called "reduced effort power steering". The purpose of the modification is to lower the amount of driver effort required to operate the steering system. Retention of reliability, ease of use for physically disabled drivers and maintainability are of primary concern. Because this is an Information Report, the numerical values for performance measurements presented in this report and in the accompanying Test Procedure, while based upon the best knowledge available at the time, have not been validated by a testing of the Test Procedure.
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a uniform procedure for assuring the manufactured quality, provision for proper installation, and service performance of certain automotive products, specifically, the relocation, alteration, replacement and/or extension of secondary controls and systems. These include the following: Cruise Control; Door Locks; Gear Selector; Hazard Flasher; Headlight Beam Selector; Heater/Vent/Air Conditioner (HVAC); Horn; Ignition/Starter; Light controls; Mirrors; Parking Brake; Power Seats; Rear Accessories (Defogger, Wiper/Washer); Turn Signals; Window Regulators; and Windshield Wiper/Washer. The purpose of any Secondary control adaptation is to provide the effective use of the motor vehicle operating systems to a driver with a disability, so that he or she may drive and operate that motor vehicle with the same degree of safety as a driver who does not have a disability. Thus, the adaptive equipment must be (1) accessible to the driver with a disability for
The terms included in this SAE Information Report have been collected during the development of SAE documents related to standards for the adaptation of vehicles for use by persons with physical disabilities. It includes only those terms that are pertinent to the adaptive devices discipline, leaving to other authorities more common automotive engineering terms. Where several terms have a common meaning in the practice, the Terminology Task Force has attempted to select the most appropriate term. The Terminology Task Force recognizes that there will be a need to expand and update current terminology as advances in the industry occur, and as related standards documents are completed. Accordingly, they will continue to develop and maintain this document to reflect those changes.
The recommendations in this SAE Information Report apply to structural integrity, performance, driveability, and serviceability of personally licensed vehicles not exceeding 10 000 lb GVWR. While many of these recommendations may have application to other vehicles, such as those used in paratransit operations, the contents of this document are not directed at these types of vehicles.
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to electrically powered hydraulic or mechanically operated platform devices which permit a person seated in a manual or powered wheelchair to enter or exit a personally licensed vehicle. The minimum performance and durability requirements are specified for satisfactory installation of wheelchair lifting devices in a personally licensed vehicle to be used by a person seated in a wheelchair to be lifted from the ground plane to the vehicle floor level in a reliable and safe manner.
This test procedure is for Qualification Testing of electrically powered hydraulic or mechanically operated devices which permit a person in a manual or powered wheelchair to enter or exit a personally licensed vehicle. It establishes minimum test requirements for compliance. A lift completing the test without failure under this procedure shall be considered in compliance. The tests in Section 3 shall be done in the sequence listed.
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to WTORS comprised of a system or device for wheelchair tiedown and a system or device for restraining the wheelchair-seated occupant. It specifies design requirements, test methods, and performance requirements for WTORS, requirements for manufacturer’s instructions to installers and users, and requirements for product marking and labeling. This document places particular emphasis on design requirements, test procedures, and performance requirements for the dynamic performance of WTORS in a 48-km/h, 20-g frontal impact. It also specifies test procedures and performance requirements for webbing slippage at adjustment devices of strap-type wheelchair tiedowns, and for partial but ineffective engagement of wheelchair tiedowns, and tiedown components that could be perceived to be effectively engaged. Appendix F includes additional recommendations for WTORS that will enhance the design, performance, installation, and use of WTORS, but which are not, at
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a uniform procedure for assuring the manufactured quality, installed utility, and service performance of certain automotive adaptive products, other than those provided by the OEM, intended to provide driving capability to persons with physical disabilities. These devices function as adaptive appliances to compensate for lost or reduced performance in the arms or legs or both, of the driver. Some of the devices are designed to transfer foot functions to the hands, hand functions to the feet, or functions from one side of the body to the other.
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to WTORS comprised of a system or device for wheelchair tiedown and a system or device for restraining the wheelchair-seated occupant. It specifies design requirements, test methods, and performance requirements for WTORS, requirements for manufacturer’s instructions to installers and users, and requirements for product marking and labeling. This document places particular emphasis on design requirements, test procedures, and performance requirements for the dynamic performance of WTORS in a 48-km/h, 20-g frontal impact. It also specifies test procedures and performance requirements for webbing slippage at adjustment devices of strap-type wheelchair tiedowns, and for partial but ineffective engagement of wheelchair tiedowns, and tiedown components that could be perceived to be effectively engaged. Appendix F includes additional recommendations for WTORS that will enhance the design, performance, installation, and use of WTORS, but which are not, at
The terms included in this SAE Information Report have been collected during the development of SAE documents related to standards for the adaptation of vehicles for use by persons with physical disabilities. It includes only those terms that are pertinent to the adaptive devices discipline, leaving to other authorities more common automotive engineering terms. Where several terms have a common meaning in the practice, the Terminology Task Force has attempted to select the most appropriate term. The Terminology Task Force recognizes that there will be a need to expand and update current terminology as advances in the industry occur, and as related standards documents are completed. Accordingly, they will continue to develop and maintain this document to reflect those changes.
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a uniform procedure for assuring the manufactured quality, installed utility, and service performance of certain automotive adaptive products, other than those provided by the vehicle manufacturer, intended to provide driving capability to persons with physical disabilities. These devices function as adaptive appliances to compensate for lost or reduced performance in the arms or legs or both, of the driver. Some of the devices are designed to transfer foot functions to the hands, hand functions to the feet, or functions from one side of the body to the other.
Minimum criteria are provided for steps, stairways, ladders, walkways, platforms, handrails, handholds, guardrails, and entrance openings which permit ingress to and egress from operator, inspection, or service platforms on off-road work machines parked in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Minimum criteria are provided for steps, stairways, ladders, walkways, platforms, handrails, handholds, guardrails, and entrance openings which permit ingress to and egress from operator, inspection, or service platform on off-road work machines parked in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
This recommended practice covers the criteria for steps, ladders, walkways, platforms, grab rails (handrails), grab irons, guardrails, and entrance openings as they relate to aiding the operator and/or servicemen in performing their functions on the vehicle.
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