Browse Topic: Age groups

Items (746)
Researchers have created a groundbreaking prototype for a new kind of leadless pacemaker designed for both children and adults. The innovative micropacemaker would be the first fully leadless system to be placed in the pericardial space surrounding the heart. That would allow the device to be implanted in a minimally invasive way in children and those with congenital heart disease, while also providing a lower-risk leadless pacemaker option for adults.
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to give information to engineers and designers in order that access to a passenger handgrip, when used, is easily obtained, and that such handgrips offer maximum safety for a person at least as large as a 95th percentile adult male during snowmobile operation.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
Engineers have developed a smart lactation pad that can quantify a wide range of chemicals in breast milk in real time. This work is pioneering the first wearable, rapid sensor for at-home measurement of chemicals in breast milk, addressing an important technology gap for improving the health of the mother and the baby.
It’s a game a lot of us played as children — and maybe even later in life: unspooling measuring tape to see how far it would extend before bending. But to engineers at the University of California San Diego, this game was an inspiration, suggesting that measuring tape could become a great material for a robotic gripper.
Headliners are one of the largest components inside an automobile, stretching from the front windshield to the rear windshield. Besides its aesthetic purpose, it contributes to multiple other purposes like housing different components, helps in NVH, defines the interior roominess, and plays a crucial role in defining the deployment of curtain airbag. The headliner also plays a role in meeting regulatory requirements like upward visibility and headroom requirements of the occupants. During the deployment of curtain airbag, it is important that the headliner-pillar interface aids in the easy opening of airbag, with the least hindrance. This is defined by multiple factors like the location of headliner-pillar interface, its distance from the airbag ramp bracket, the position of the inflator, the mountings of the headliner and pillar trims, to name a few. Also, during the deployment of the airbag, it is important that parts such as grabhandle, speaker grilles, etc which are fitted on the
Sabesan, Arvind KochiD., AnanthaKakani, Phani Kumar
Researchers have developed a pacifier designed to monitor a baby’s electrolyte levels in real time, potentially eliminating the need for repeated invasive blood draws. The team constructed a tiny tunnel, or microfluidic channel, into the body of the pacifier.
This SAE Standard establishes the test procedures, performance requirements, and criteria necessary to evaluate minimum safety and reliability requirements of a children’s snowmobile as identified in 1.2.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
The Hospital for Sick Children/University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
Mitigating both neck and head injuries in the pediatric population relies heavily on improving our understanding of the underlying biomechanics of the pediatric cervical spine. The tensile response for individual motion segments and the whole cervical spine (WCS) has been reported, but there is no data characterizing the intersegmental kinematics of pediatric WCS under axial loading conditions. The structural response of motion segments and WCS provide valuable data for the design and validation of biofidelic physical and computational models for the pediatric population. However, the use of motion segment data to construct WCS response or the use of WCS axial response to accurately characterize intersegmental response may present limitations to accurately modeling the pediatric cervical spine response. In this secondary analysis of the work of Luck et al. (2008, 2013), the fixed-fixed, low load, quasi-static tensile response of the WCS and individual motion segments (O-C2, C4-C5, and
Liu, MirandaLuck, Jason F.
This paper presents additive Weibull reliability model using customer complaints data and finite element fatigue (FEA) analysis data. Warranty data provides insight into the underlying customer issues. Reliability engineers prepare a prediction model based on this data to forecast the failure rate of components. However, warranty data has certain limitations with respect to prediction modeling. The warranty period covers only the infant mortality and useful life zone of a bathtub curve. Thus, predicting with solely warranty data generally cannot provide results with desired accuracy. The failure rate of wear-out components is driven by random issues initially and wear-out or usage-related issues at the end of the lifetime. For accurate prediction of failure rate, data need to be explored at wear-out zone of a bathtub curve. Higher cost always limits the testing of components until failure, but FEA fatigue analysis can provide the failure rate behavior of a part much beyond the warranty
Koulage, Dasharath BaliramMondal, KanchanManerikar, Dattatray Shriniwas
This study compared modern vehicle and booster geometries with relevant child anthropometries. Vehicle geometries (seat length, seat pan height, shoulder belt outlet height, and roof height) were obtained for 275 center and outboard rear seating positions of US vehicles (MY 2009–2022). Measurements of 85 US boosters (pan height and pan length) and anthropometries of 80 US children between 4–14yo (seated height, thigh length, leg length, and seated shoulder height) were also collected. Comparisons were made between vehicles, boosters, and child anthropometries. Average vehicle seat lengths exceeded child thigh lengths (+9.5cm). Only 16.4% of seating positions had seat lengths less than the child thigh length mean+1SD. Even for children at least 145cm, only 18.8% had thigh lengths greater than the average vehicle seat length. Child thigh lengths were more comparable with average booster seat pan lengths for all multi-mode and high-back designs (-2.0cm) and low-back boosters (+3.1cm). The
Baker, Gretchen H.Connell, Rosalie R.Rhodes, Carrie A.Mansfield, Julie A.
Chocolate-flavored pills for children who hate taking medicine. Several drugs combined into one daily pill for seniors who have trouble remembering to take their medications. Drugs printed at your local pharmacy at personalized dosages that best suit your health needs. These are just a few potential advantages of 3D drug printing, a new system for manufacturing drugs and treatments on-site at pharmacies, healthcare facilities, and other remote locations.
With population aging and life expectancy increasing, elderly drivers have been increasing quickly in the United States and the heterogeneity among them with age is also increasingly non-ignorable. Based on traffic crash data of Pennsylvania from 2011 to 2019, this study was designed to identify this heterogeneity by quantifying the relationship between age and crash characteristics using linear regression. It is found that for elderly driver-involved crashes, the proportion leading to casualties significantly increases with age. Meanwhile, the proportions at night, on rainy days, on snowy days, and involving driving under the influence (DUI) decrease linearly with age, implying that elderly drivers tend to avoid traveling in risky scenarios. Regarding collision types, elderly driver-involved crashes are mainly composed of angle, rear-end, and hit-fixed-object collisions, proportions of which increase linearly, decrease linearly, and keep consistent with age, respectively. The increase
Zhang, ZihaoLiu, Chenhui
A total of 93 tests were conducted in daytime conditions to evaluate the effect on the Time to Collision (TTC), emergency braking, and avoidance rates of the Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) provided by a 2022 Tesla Model 3 against a 4ActivePA adult static pedestrian target. Variables that were evaluated included the vehicle speed on approach, pedestrian offsets, pedestrian clothing, and user-selected FCW settings. As a part of the Tesla’s Collision Avoidance AssistTM, these user-selected FCW settings change the timing of the issuance of the visual and/or audible warning provided. This testing evaluated the Tesla at speeds of 25 and 35 miles per hour (mph) versus a stationary pedestrian target in early, medium, and late FCW settings. Testing was also conducted with a 50% pedestrian offset and 75% offset conditions relative to the right side of the Tesla. The pedestrian target was clothed with and without a reflective safety vest to account for
Harrington, ShawnNagarajan, Sundar RamanLau, James
Compared to other age groups, older adults are at more significant risk of hip fracture when they fall. In addition to the higher risk of falls for the elderly, fear of falls can reduce this population’s outdoor activity. Various preventive solutions have been proposed to reduce the risk of hip fractures ranging from wearable hip protectors to indoor flooring systems. A previously developed rubberized asphalt mixture demonstrated the potential to reduce the risk of head injury. In the current study, the capability of the rubberized asphalt sample was evaluated for the risk of hip fracture for an average elderly male and an average elderly female. A previously developed human body model was positioned in a fall configuration that would give the highest impact forces toward regular asphalt. Three different rubber contents with 14, 28, 33 weight percent (% wt.) were implemented as the ground alongside one regular non-rubberized (0%) asphalt mixture, one baseline, and one extra-compliant
Sahandifar, PooyaWallqvist, VivecaKleiven, Svein
To harmonize and define terminology associated with occupant protection for children for vehicle manufacturers and child restraint manufacturers in the United States and Canada.
Children's Restraint Systems Committee
Researchers have designed a lightweight helmet with tiny LEGO-size sensors that scan the brain while a person moves. The helmet is the first of its kind to accurately record magnetic fields generated by brain activity while people are in motion. This advance could make it easier to conduct brain scans in young children and individuals with neurological disorders who can’t always remain still in conventional scanners.
The car door handle is an essential component of any vehicle, as it plays a crucial role in providing access to the cabin and ensuring safety of the passenger. The primary function of the car door handle is to allow entry and exit from the vehicle while preventing unauthorized access. In addition to this, car door handles also play a critical role in ensuring passenger safety by keeping the door closed during accidents or when there is a significant amount of G-force acting on the vehicle. A typical car door handle comprises several components including the structure, cover, bowden lever, bracket, pins and other child parts. The structure provides the ergonomics and rigidity for grabbing the handle, while the cover gives the handle an aesthetic appearance. The Bowden lever facilitates the unlatching of the door and the intermediate parts ensure that the handle operates smoothly. The position of the Bowden lever is crucial for the unlatching process and for keeping the door closed
Kumar, Vinayak
Researchers at the EPFL have achieved a breakthrough in the treatment of tracheomalacia, a condition characterized by weak tracheal cartilage and muscles that normally keep the airway open for proper breathing. The team, composed of EPFL engineers and CHUV pediatric airway surgeons, has successfully developed a novel adhesive hydrogel patch that can effectively alleviate tracheomalacia, providing hope for improved treatment options for this challenging condition. The proof of concept was recently published in iScience.
Effective smart cockpit interaction design can address the specific needs of children, offering ample entertainment and educational resources to enhance their on-board experience. Currently, substantial attention is focused on smart cockpit design to enrich the overall travel engagement for children. Recognizing the contrasts between children and adults in areas such as physical health, cognitive development, and emotional psychology, it becomes imperative to meticulously customize the design and optimization processes to cater explicitly to their individual requirements. However, a noticeable gap persists in both research methodologies and product offerings within this domain. This study employs user survey to delve into children’s on-board experiences and utilization of current child-centric in-cockpit interaction solutions (C-SI Solutions), that over 50% of the interviewees (children) got on-board at least several times per week and over half of the parents would pay for C-SI
Xu, JinghanHui, XinruWang, YixiangJia, Qing
A low-cost biosensor, called Neosens, will allow doctors to diagnose sepsis in a matter of minutes. Neosens works by detecting interleukin 6, a messenger that’s secreted by newborns’ immune systems in response to a host of biological conditions. It’s also the main early marker for sepsis.
Pyrotechnic seat belt pretensioners typically remove 8–15 cm of belt slack and help couple an occupant to the seat. Our study investigated pretensioner deployment on forward-leaning, live volunteers. The forward-leaning position was chosen because research indicates that passengers frequently depart from a standard sitting position. Characteristics of the 3D kinematics of forward-leaning volunteers following pretensioner deployment determines if body size is correlated with subject response. Nine adult subjects (three female), ages 18–43 years old, across a wide range of body sizes (50–120 kg) were tested. The age was limited to young, active adults as pyrotechnic pretensioners can deliver a notable force to the trunk. Subjects assumed a forward-leaning position, with 26 cm between C7 and the headrest, in a laboratory setting that replicated the passenger seat of a vehicle. At an unexpected time, the pretensioner was deployed. 3D kinematics were measured through a nine-camera motion
Hellenbrand, CiboneyBrown, J. FletcherGoodworth, Adam
Rib fractures are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Improved methods to assess rib bone quality are needed to identify at-risk populations. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can be used to calculate volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), which may be related to rib fracture risk. The objective of this study was to determine if vBMD and BMC from QCT predict human rib structural properties. 127 mid-level (5th–7th) ribs were obtained from adult female (n = 67) and male (n = 60) postmortem human subjects (PMHS). Isolated rib QCT scans were performed to calculate vBMD and BMC. Each rib was subsequently tested to failure in a dynamic simulated frontal impact and structural properties, peak force (FPeak), percent displacement (δPeak), linear structural stiffness (K), and total energy (UTot) were calculated. vBMD demonstrated no significant differences between sexes (p > 0.05); however, males had a higher BMC than females (p < 0.001
Haverfield, Z.A.Hunter, R.L.Kang, Y.S.Patel, A.B.Agnew, A.M.
Strep throat is a common and treatable childhood disease in the United States, but in less wealthy countries, children afflicted with strep can develop rheumatic fever, in which runaway inflammation attacks the body’s tissues. Rheumatic fever often damages the valves of the heart, causing rheumatic heart disease that can lead to serious health problems, including heart failure.
This user’s manual covers the Hybrid III 6-year-old child test dummy, including changes specified in 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart N in the final rule dated December 9, 2010. It is intended for technicians who work with this device. It covers the construction and clothing, disassembly and reassembly, available instrumentation, external dimensions and segment masses, as well as certification and inspection test procedures. Appendix A contains guidelines for safe handling of instrumented dummies. Appendix B contains instructions for repairing dummy flesh. Appendix C includes procedures for adjusting the joints throughout the dummy.
Dummy Testing and Equipment Committee
Side door latches in an automotive play a major role in occupants’ safety. The latches consist of both retention assembly and actuator assembly. The actuator assembly majorly consists of motor, gear & other components and these are protected through a Plastic Lower case and Housing. The Lower case (over-mold) with the Electrical Component Carrier - ECC (pre-mold) plays an important role in providing electrical power supply to the latch system. Since these parts are manufactured with terminal traces & plastics, upfront mold flow simulations help the product teams to evaluate the short fills, warpage, and other quality aspects in the critical areas of these components. In the part assembly station, the ECC (pre-mold) and the Lower case (over-mold) are connected to the Motor on one side and the Connector on the other. The proper alignment of the pre-mold pins is of great importance and the pre-mold must not be externally visible once the molding is complete. During the prototype build
LONKAR, VISHWAVINUTANAC, Rupesh KumarManjunath, ArunKumar, Naveen
One in 10 adults suffer from the debilitating effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Research around a new breathing device developed by pulmonologists at the University of Cincinnati offers promise for improving their lives.
This user's manual covers the Hybrid III 10-year old child test dummy. The manual is intended for use by technicians who work with this test device. It covers the construction and clothing, assembly and disassembly, available instrumentation, external dimensions and segment masses, as well as certification and inspection test procedures. It includes guidelines for handling accelerometers, guidelines for flesh repair, and joint adjustment procedures. Finally, it includes drawings for some of the test equipment that is unique to this dummy.
Dummy Testing and Equipment Committee
Remote Monitoring and Teleoperation (RMTO) of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) is advancing rapidly in the industry. Researchers and industrial partners explore the role RMTO plays in helping AV navigate complicated situations, among many others. At the heart of this lies the problem of potential pathways and attack vectors or threat surfaces by which a malicious attack can be carried out on an RMTO and an AV. The separation of cybersecurity considerations in RMTO is barely considered, as so far, most available research and activities are mainly focused on AV. The main focus of this paper is addressing RMTO cybersecurity utilising an adaptable security-by-design approach, although security-by-design is still in the infant state within automotive cybersecurity. An adaptable security-by-design approach for RMTO covers Security Engineering Life-cycle, Logical Security Layered Concept, and Security Architecture. Based on the international automotive cybersecurity standards - ISO/SAE 21434, a
Iyieke, VictormillsBryans, JeremyRobinson, TomKosmas, OdysseasShipman, AlastairJadidbonab, Hesamaldin
Habitat for Humanity Peninsula and Greater Williamsburg has partnered with Alquist, a 3D printing home construction company, to 3D print homes in Williamsburg, VA. In December 2021, the pair produced and sold the first 3D-printed home in the nation — an approximately 1,200-square-foot, three-bedroom, two-bathroom house whose foundation, walls, and footing were 3D printed in July 2022 in just 28 hours for Surry-native April and her teenage son.
There are about 64 million cases of heart failure worldwide. According to the American Heart Association, 6.2 million adults in the United States have heart failure and that number is estimated to increase to 8 million by 2030. Heart failure is a progressive clinical syndrome characterized by a structural abnormality of the heart, in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s requirements.
Researchers in Japan have developed the first wearable devices to precisely monitor jaundice, a yellowing of the skin caused by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood that can cause severe medical conditions in newborns. Jaundice can be treated easily by irradiating the infant with blue light that breaks bilirubin down to be excreted through urine. The treatment itself, however, can disrupt bonding time, cause dehydration, and increase the risks of allergic diseases. Neonatal jaundice is one of the leading causes of death and brain damage in infants in low- and middle-income countries.
As pedestrians are among the most critical road users, this research analyzes their vulnerability characteristics and predicts the injury severity of pedestrian crashes through decision tree techniques, rather than using statistical regression models that have particular predefined causal relationships between dependent and independent variables. Five years have been studied in Nablus Governorate/Province (2012–2016), one of 16 governorates in Palestine, as a case study based on reported crash frequencies for developing countries. Tree techniques (CART [Classification and Regression Tree] and CHAID [Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector]) were applied to extract the main impacting factors on injury severity for pedestrian crashes. The main contributions considered a small regional context in developing countries and found differences between the results of various methods in injury severity. Fourteen independent variables have been analyzed. A CART model with Gini splitting has
Jaber, AhmedAl-Sahili, Khaled
The SJD Barcelona Children’s Hospital’s pediatric maxillofacial surgery team has used 3D printing technology to successfully perform a complicated operation to resect a malignant tumor in an 11-year-old boy. Given the complexity of the operation, the medical team, led by Dr. Josep Rubio, head of the maxillofacial surgery unit at SJD, decided to carry out preoperative planning and simulation using BCN3D’s technology and 3D anatomical models of the parts of the patient’s skull.
Though there are active safety features in the passenger cars, unfortunately not all accidents are avoidable. Airbags are the passive safety feature which avoid occupants in colliding with the car interiors and help to mitigate the fatal injuries. Trend and interest in the recent times is to study the occupant injury for front row seats. The second-row occupants are usually protected with the passive safety systems by Seat belts, Inflatable Curtain airbags, seat airbags, Windshield airbags etc. These are installed in the side and rear areas of car to pass on the regulations like FMVSS, ECE and other global standards. This particular case study is to evaluate or say how effective are the occupants in the second rows if they are unbelted. In few of the crash tests and experiment of frontal impact collision, the child dummies will be placed on female dummy lap without wearing the seat belt. In this, we see the second-row occupants will be seriously injured in most of the cases. Though the
Srinivasa, PraveenSundaram, BalachandarPatil, Shubham
Vehicles that start moving from a stationary position can cause fatal traffic accidents involving pedestrians. Ultrasonic sensors installed in the vehicle front are an active technology designed to alert drivers to the presence of stationary objects such as rigid walls in front of their vehicles. However, the ability of such sensors to detect humans has not yet been established. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain whether these sensor systems can successfully detect humans. First, we conducted experiments using four vehicles equipped with ultrasonic sensor systems for vehicle-forward moving-off maneuvers and investigated the detection distances between the vehicles and a pipe (1 m long and having a diameter of 75 mm), child, adult female, or adult male. The detections of human volunteers were evaluated under two different conditions: front-facing and side-facing toward the front of each vehicle. Front-facing is defined as the condition where the human faces the vehicle front, while
Matsui, YasuhiroOikawa, Shoko
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