Browse Topic: Adolescents

Items (23)

Sustainable Housing with 3D-Printed Homes

04/06/2023

Habitat for Humanity Peninsula and Greater Williamsburg has partnered with Alquist, a 3D printing home construction company, to 3D print homes in Williamsburg, VA. In December 2021, the pair produced and sold the first 3D-printed home in the nation — an approximately 1,200-square-foot, three-bedroom, two-bathroom house whose foundation, walls, and footing were 3D printed in July 2022 in just 28 hours for Surry-native April and her teenage son

Breath-Driven Concept Could Transform Prosthetics

TBMG-4645109/01/2022

Researchers have developed a hand prosthesis powered and controlled by the user’s breathing. The simple, lightweight device offers an alternative to Bowden cable-driven body-powered prosthetics initially developed in the early 19th century — particularly for those too young or anatomically unsuited to an uncomfortable harness and cable system

Vehicle Automation Emergency Scenario: Using a Driving Simulator to Assess the Impact of Hand and Foot Placement on Reaction Time

2021-01-0861

04/06/2021

As vehicles with SAE level 2 of autonomy become more widely deployed, they still rely on the human driver to monitor the driving task and take control during emergencies. It is therefore necessary to examine the Human Factors affecting a driver’s ability to recognize and execute a steering or pedal action in response to a dangerous situation when the autonomous system abruptly requests human intervention. This research used a driving simulator to introduce the concept of level 2 autonomy to a cohort of 60 drivers (male: 48%, female: 52%) of different age groups (teens 16 to 19: 32%, adults: 35 to 54: 37%, seniors 65+: 32%). Participants were surveyed for their perspectives on self-driving vehicles. They were then assessed on a driving simulator that mimicked SAE level 2 of autonomy. Participants’ interaction with the HMI was studied. A real-life scenario was programmed so that a request to intervene was issued when automation reached its boundaries while navigating a two-way curve road

Loeb, Helen S., Vo-Phamhi, Elizabeth, Seacrist, Thomas, Maheshwari, Jalaj, Yang, Christopher

The Effect of An Acoustic Startling Warning On Take-Over Reaction Time And Trunk Kinematics for Drivers in Autonomous Driving Scenarios

2019-22-002203/31/2020

The Acoustic Startling Pre-stimulus (ASPS, i.e. a loud sound preceding a physical perturbation) was previously found to accelerate action execution in simple flexion exercises. Therefore in this study we examined if ASPS can accelerate take-over reaction times in restrained teen and adult drivers who were asked to reach for the steering wheel while experiencing sled lateral perturbations simulating a vehicle swerve. Results showed that adult drivers lift their hands toward the steering wheel faster with the ASPS versus without (161 ± 23 ms vs 216 ± 27 ms, p<0.003). However this effect was not found in teens or in trials where the drivers were engaged in a secondary task. Adults also showed reduced lateral trunk displacement out of the seat belt with the ASPS. The ASPS could represent a novel warning that reduces take over time and out-of-position movements in critical autonomous driving scenarios

Graci, Valentina, Griffith, Madeline, Maheshwari, Jalaj, Akkem, Rahul, Austin, Meta, Seacrist, Thomas, Arbogast, Kristy B.

Hazard Cuing Systems for Teen Drivers: A Test-Track Evaluation on Mcity

2019-01-039904/02/2019

There is a strong evidence that the overrepresentation of teen drivers in motor vehicle crashes is mainly due to their poor hazard perception skills, i.e., they are unskilled at appropriately detecting and responding to roadway hazards. This study evaluates two cuing systems designed to help teens better understand their driving environment. Both systems use directional color-coding to represent different levels of proximity between one’s vehicle and outside agents. The first system provides an overview of the location of adjacent objects in a head-up display in front of the driver and relies on drivers’ focal vision (focal cuing system). The second system presents similar information, but in the drivers’ peripheral vision, by using ambient lights (peripheral cuing system). Both systems were retrofitted into a test vehicle (2014 Toyota Camry). A within-subject experiment was conducted at the University of Michigan Mcity test-track facility. The study collected data from seventeen teen

Zhang, Yu, Kang, Te-Ping, Flannagan, Michael, Bao, Shan, Pradhan, Anuj, Sullivan, John

Emergency Autonomous to Manual Takeover in a Driving Simulator: Teen vs. Adult Drivers – A Pilot Study

2018-01-049904/03/2018

Autonomous and/or automated vehicles offer a host of future opportunities but leave many questions unanswered regarding their impact on crash avoidance or the ability of drivers to effectively scan and re-engage from self-driving mode when necessary to avoid crash scenarios. Considering a 16-year-old is several times more likely to die in an automobile crash than other licensed drivers, it was crucial to test both teenage drivers and adults to determine head-on collision avoidance abilities when subjected to a failing autopilot in a simulated autonomous vehicle. In this study, eight teenagers ages 16-19 and four experienced adults underwent four simulated drives (one manual practice drive and three simulated autonomous drives) using a hi-fidelity, Real Time Technologies SimDriver Simulator to represent being in a self-driving vehicle. When exposed to a head-on crash event where the opposing vehicle crosses the dividing line and drives towards the subject, most subjects successfully

Belwadi, Aditya, Loeb, Helen, Shen, Michelle, Shaikh, Saniyah, Ward McIntosh, Chelsea

CITIZEN of the WORLD

16AUTP02_0302/01/2016

Cuneyt L. Oge begins his term as 2016 SAE International President with a vision about auto-mobility and aero-mobility 2050. He was born in Turkey, spent time in the U.S. as a young adolescent, graduated high school in Europe, returned to the U.S. for college, learned to speak multiple languages, married a Greek, and traveled the world. “As my name implies, I'm a bit of a curiosity,” allowed incoming SAE International President Cuneyt Oge (pronounced June-eight Oh-gay). The veteran management consultant, who officially took over as SAE President in January, puts no negative spin on that self-appraisal. Quite the contrary, as he goes on to say: “I think I qualify as a bona fide citizen of the world

Ponticel, Patrick

Experience and Skill Predict Failure to Brake Errors: Further Validation of the Simulated Driving Assessment

2014-01-0445

04/01/2014

Driving simulators offer a safe alternative to on-road driving for the evaluation of performance. In addition, simulated drives allow for controlled manipulations of traffic situations producing a more consistent and objective assessment experience and outcome measure of crash risk. Yet, few simulator protocols have been validated for their ability to assess driving performance under conditions that result in actual collisions. This paper presents results from a new Simulated Driving Assessment (SDA), a 35- to-40-minute simulated assessment delivered on a Real-Time® simulator. The SDA was developed to represent typical scenarios in which teens crash, based on analyses from the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS). A new metric, failure to brake, was calculated for the 7 potential rear-end scenarios included in the SDA and examined according two constructs: experience and skill. The study included an inexperienced group (n=21): 16-17 year olds with 90 days or fewer of

Winston, Flaura, McDonald, Catherine, Kandadai, Venk, Winston, Zachary, Seacrist, Thomas

Focus on Advanced Safety Systems and Human Factor Interventions

2013-01-2762

11/27/2013

Automotive industry is moving towards a stage that anticipates probability of accidents and instructs safety system to take immediate actions. Safety systems in automotive domain protect vehicle occupants and even pedestrians from accidents. High powered engines and good road infrastructure naturally thrills people to drive at very high speed which would result into forward collision. With the help of latest technologies, such accidents can be avoided and thereby many persons would be saved from major injuries. This does not indicate that people could drive as they wish irresponsibly. The safety systems will help vehicle occupants to be safe in case of inadvertent errors. Nowadays safety has become an important feature to be considered for selling vehicles. This paper will provide an overview on the operations of various advanced safety systems such as pre-crash, Electronic brake assist, Lane Keeping support, and speed alert system, Safety systems for teenagers, early warning car to

Elumalai, Kannan

“Blue” Light Could Help Teenagers Combat Stress

TBMG-15212

11/01/2012

Adolescents can be chronically sleep deprived because of their inability to fall asleep early in combination with fixed wakeup times on school days. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), almost 70 percent of schoolchildren get insufficient sleep, which is defined as less than eight hours on school nights. This type of restricted sleep schedule has been linked with depression, behavior problems, poor performance at school, drug use, and automobile accidents. A new study from the Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that exposure to morning short-wavelength “blue” light has the potential to help sleep-deprived adolescents prepare for the challenges of the day and deal with stress, more so than dim light

Advanced Safety Technology for Children and Young Adults: Trends and Future Challenges

2006-21-000710/16/2006

Data presented in this paper demonstrated that the landscape for child occupant protection - the children and their restraints, vehicles, and crashes - is changing rapidly. Children are not small adults but are rather rapidly growing, developing, and changing and so too are their restraint needs. The past several years witnessed a growing awareness of these biomechanical challenges with the emergence of increased use of size-appropriate restraints for children under age 9 years and differences in patterns of injury by age. Vehicles involved in crashes with children reflect the trend overall: less passenger vans and cars and more light trucks, the majority of which are equipped with second generation air bags. The majority of crashes occurred on roads with posted speed limits below 45 miles per hour. The age group of particular concern is the newly driving teenage years (16-19) in which the crash and fatality rates are the highest among all age groups

Arbogast, Kristy B., Winston, Flaura K.

Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels

R-35811/30/2004

2005 Thomas McKean Memorial Cup Winner - Voted most important original research in automobile history by The Antique Automobile Club of America Best Of Books Winner, 2005 International Automotive Media Awards Author Beverly Rae Kimes, 2005 International Automotive Media Award for Lifetime Achievement Honorary This "cast of characters" provides the lens through which award-winning author Beverly Rae Kimes focuses on the early years of the American automobile industry. While some names - Ford, Dodge, Buick, and more - are easily recognized, this book also introduces snapshots of lesser known, but vitally important actors in this dramatic saga. The famous, the infamous, and the unknown are brought together by their common dedication to this great invention - and united by the fascinating stories that characterize each person

Kimes, Beverly Rae

Field Data Analysis of Rear Occupant Injuries Part I: Adults and Teenagers

2003-01-015303/03/2003

Since more occupants are using rear seats of vehicles, a better understanding of priorities for rear occupant protection is needed as future safety initiatives are considered. A two-part study was conducted on occupant injuries in rear seating positions. In Part I, adult and teenage occupants ≥13 years of age are investigated. In Part II, children aged 4-12 years old and toddlers and infants aged 0-3 are studied separately because of the use of infant and child seats and boosters involve different injury mechanisms and tolerances. The objectives of this study on adult and teenager, rear-seated occupants (≥13 years old) are to: 1) review accident data, 2) identify the distribution of rear occupants, and 3) analyze injury risks in various crash modes, including rollovers, frontal, side and rear impacts. Three databases were investigated: NASS-CDS, GES and FARS. Results indicate that there is <25% probability of having a rear occupant of any age for every driver involved in any of the

Parenteau, Chantal, Viano, David C.

Edsel-The Story of Henry Ford's Forgotten Son

R-32910/01/2002

Carefully crafted from thousands of Ford archives, written interviews, and first-hand accounts told by people who knew the man, Edsel: The Story of Henry Ford's Forgotten Son, brings into focus the remarkable life of Edsel Ford. The book chronicle's Edsel's life from his early days of growing up in and around his father's company, through the controversy of his World War I draft notice and eventual exemption, the design change from the Model T to the Model A, and the creation of the Ford Foundation. 27 chapters in all help to shed light on the life of a man who preferred to spend most of his life out of the limelight

Dominguez, Henry L.

Adult Front-Seat Passengers Exposed to Airbag Deployments

1999-01-076003/01/1999

In comparison to drivers exposed to steering-wheel airbag deployments in frontal crashes, there have been fewer front-seat passengers exposed to airbag deployments for 1) many of the cars in crashes did not have dual airbags and 2) the front passenger seat is less often occupied. Of the 826 airbag crashes detailed by UMTRI crash investigators at the time of this manuscript preparation, there were 145 front-seat passengers, exposed to instrument panel mounted airbags. Most of these front-seat passengers 124 were involved in the frontal crashes. There were 92 who were 16 years of age or older, 24 were under 12 years of age and 11 young teenagers, 13-15 years of age. Of those who were 16 years or older in frontal crashes 70% had an MAIS-1 injury. None of the MAIS-2 injuries were directly related to airbag deployments. Of the AIS-3+ level injuries, about two-thirds were not airbag related

Huelke, Donald F.

Technical Specifications of the SID-IIs Dummy

95273511/01/1995

The SID-IIs is a small [s], second-generation [II] Side Impact Dummy [SID] which has the anthropometry of a 5th percentile adult female. It has a mass of 43.5 kg, a seated height of 790 mm, and over 100 available data channels. Based on the height and mass, this is equivalent to an average 12-13 year old adolescent. The state-of-the-art SID-IIs has special application in evaluating the performance of side impact airbags. The dummy has undergone prototype testing and will shortly be available for worldwide evaluation. This paper describes the technical details of the dummy, its biomechanical design targets, how well it met those targets, its validation requirements, and its instrumentation. The dummy is the product of a joint development agreement between the Occupant Safety Research Partnership (OSRP) of USCAR and First Technology Safety Systems

Daniel, Roger P., Irwin, Annette, Athey, John, Balser, Joe, Eichbrecht, Paul, Hultman, Robert W., Kirkish, Sarah, Kneisly, Ann, Mertz, Harold, Nusholtz, Guy, Rouhana, Stephen, Scherer, Risa, Salloum, Michael, Smrcka, Joe

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS - SMOKING IN LAVATORIES OF TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT

AIR4740 (Historical)

05/05/1993

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) discusses the question of smokers and their opinions and intentions toward smoking in lavatories of transport aircraft during flight. The study has implications for instructions and warnings given to passengers

S-9B Cabin Interiors and Furnishings Committee