A Review of Hydrogen Storage System (HSS) and Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2-ICE) for the Potential H2-ICE Vehicle

The different energy policies and legislations across the globe, unions, or country wise are the key influencer for evaluation of Transport Industry in both advancement of Technologies and Ecosystem development. Accordingly, European Climate law is focusing to achieve net zero greenhouse (or carbon neutral) gas emissions for EU (European Union) countries by 2050. Similarly in India, National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM) by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is aiming for significant decarbonization and to become market leader in Green Hydrogen Transition. Hydrogen is potential fuel for H2-FCEV (Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric vehicle) and H2-ICE (Hydrogen -Internal combustion Engine) due to its carbon free molecule and other properties. This review paper is focusing on comprehensive study of different aspects of H2- ICE vehicle. Key study areas are mainly Hydrogen (H2) as fuel, Hydrogen Storage System (HSS), H2-ICEs, Hydrogen storge pressure and H2-ICE vehicle architecture. The advantages, challenges and gaps in present technology are discussed. This paper aims to provide an overview and potential of carbon neutral emission technology solution namely H2-ICEs based on scientific literature survey and try to conclude considering current knowledge and Technological maturity. Further, this paper covers the comparison of H2-ICE vehicle architecture among the HPDI and SI Engine. This consists of optimization of HSS within the vehicle Architecture. The study indicates that High-Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) Engine type H2-ICE vehicle is potentially more favorable than Spark Ignition (SI) type H2-ICE in terms of Vehicle Performance, Applicability (operation / use-case), engine efficiency and safety. Same time, Engine (HPDI - H2-ICE) and vehicle complexity level is at higher side for HPDI-H2-ICE vehicle.