In order to clarify the cavitation flow characteristics in future fuel nozzles
and guide the design of new nozzle structural blocks, this research work was
carried out in both experimental and simulation aspects. In the experiment, it
was found that under high injection pressure, methanol showed more severe
cavitation than diesel. By adding frosted glass, a better light effect was
achieved in the nozzle hole. It was found that the front section of the nozzle
had geometric induced cavitation, the middle section had vortex cavitation, and
the rear section had expanded vortex cavitation. Traditional numerical models
cannot accurately calculate this phenomenon. To this end, the two-phase physical
properties that change with temperature and pressure were constructed, combined
with multiphase, turbulence, and energy models, CFD calculations were performed
and verified based on visualization results. On this basis, a comparative
analysis of the flow mechanism in future fuel and traditional diesel fuel
nozzles was carried out, and the influence of injection pressure, fuel
temperature, and nozzle structure on the flow characteristics in future fuel
nozzles was studied. The relevant research conclusions provide theoretical
guidance for the design of future fuel systems.