Browse Topic: Fuel economy

Items (7,936)
In recent years, the rapid growth of hybrid vehicles has driven the development of dedicated hybrid engines (DHEs) as a key powertrain technology for achieving high thermal efficiency and low emissions. Driven by stringent emissions regulations and demand for improved fuel economy, enhancing thermal efficiency in gasoline engines remains a critical industry challenge. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology dilutes oxygen in the intake charge, suppresses knock, and optimizes combustion phasing. However, excessive EGR rates compromise combustion stability by inducing elevated cyclic variability and potential misfire, posing challenges in maintaining stable combustion and improving fuel efficiency at high EGR levels. Thus, combustion stability and fuel efficiency optimization in Geely’s DHEs under high EGR conditions was investigated in this article. In this study, a high tumble combustion system was designed to enhance charge motion and promote stable flame propagation. Furthermore
Li, QiangDeng, XiaorongRen, SimingZhang, PeiyiZhu, YunfengLi, HongzhouYan, PingtaoGu, Xiangsheng
The transportation system is one major catalyst to urban ecological imbalance. In developing countries, two-wheelers are considered a major mode of urban personal transportation because of their compactness, easy maneuver in heavy traffic and good fuel efficiency. In India, middle and lower middle-class people prefer to choose two wheelers, and these vehicles are dominantly fuelled by gasoline. Although, the energy consumption by a two-wheeler is comparatively less than that of a four-wheeler, they use about 60% of the nation’s petroleum for on-road vehicles and the impact on urban air quality and climatic change is significantly high. This high proportion of gasoline utilization and emission contribution by two wheelers in cities demand greater attention to improve urban air quality and near-term energy sustainability. Electrification of two-wheelers through the application of a plug-in hybrid idea is a promising solution. A plug-in hybrid motorbike was developed by putting forth a
Kannan, PrashanthShaik, AmjadTalluri, Srinivasa Rao
In commercial vehicles, conventional engine-driven hydraulic steering systems result in continuous energy consumption, contributing to parasitic losses and reduced overall powertrain efficiency. This study introduces an Electric Powered Hydraulic Steering (EPHS) system that decouples steering actuation from the engine and operates only on demand, thereby optimizing energy usage. Field trials conducted under loaded conditions demonstrated a 3–6% improvement in fuel economy, confirming the system’s effectiveness in real-world applications. A MATLAB-based simulation model was developed to replicate dynamic steering loads and vehicle operating conditions, with results closely aligning with field data, thereby validating the model’s predictive accuracy. The reduction in fuel consumption directly translates to lower CO₂ emissions, supporting regulatory compliance and sustainability goals, particularly in the context of tightening emission norms for commercial fleets. These findings position
T, Aravind Muthu SuthanMani, KishoreAyyappan, RakshnaD, Senthil KumarS, Mathankumar
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have become essential in modern aerospace structures, from fuselage skins and wing components to nacelles, interior structures, and a growing range of primary load-bearing parts. Their high strength-to-weight ratio delivers major benefits in fuel efficiency, payload capacity, and fatigue performance. Yet achieving reliable adhesive bonds on CFRP surfaces remains a persistent engineering challenge. The low intrinsic surface energy of composites - particularly under thermal cycling, vibration, and moisture exposure - limits bond durability unless surfaces are properly prepared. Plasma surface treatment has emerged as a pivotal solution, offering a fast, controllable, and non-destructive way to increase surface energy, improve wettability, and enhance adhesion across complex geometries. This is especially important as the aerospace industry transitions from thermoset to thermoplastic composites (TPCs), which enable faster processing, lower
This paper presents the design, structural analysis, structural test validation and risk assessment done by Cummins to evaluate the structural integrity of Light Duty engine cylinder head for a Medium Wheelbase (MWB) pick-up truck. Initially, Cummins used the 2.5L and 3.0L (4-cylinder) engines that have standard power ratings based on existing requirements, but rising market demands for more power, fuel efficiency, lower cost and weight, and future emission compliance led to customer requirements for 15% uprate for 2.5L and 22% uprate for 3.0L from the same base engine. The increase in power requirement possesses challenges on critical components, especially cylinder heads in terms of thermal and structural limits. Multiple analysis led design iterations were performed using cutting edge CAE software such as Ansys, Dassault Systems fe-safe, and PTC Creo to ensure the structural integrity of the cylinder head under high thermal and mechanical loads, and to keep design margins within
Pathak, Arun JyotiAdiverekar, VaidehiSingh, RahulBiyani, Mayur
In alignment with its carbon reduction commitments, India is transitioning towards higher ethanol-blended fuels, with E20 set for nationwide implementation by 2025. Ethanol is a renewable, domestically produced biofuel produced through fermentation of biomass such as sugarcane, corn. It possesses a higher octane rating and oxygen content compared to conventional gasoline, making it a favorable additive for improving engine performance and reducing emissions. This study investigates the impact of E20 fuel on performance parameters of a 694 cc MPFI , water-cooled, twin-cylinder gasoline engine. For deriving maximum benefits of increased Octane rating of E20, compression ratio was increased to 12.5:1. Experimental analysis was conducted to assess the changes in combustion behavior, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque output, engine out emissions and thermal efficiency when operating on E20 compared to baseline gasoline (E10). Base results indicate that E20 promotes more
Kulkarni, DeepakMalekar, Hemant AThonge, RavindraKanchan, Shubham
There is continuous push from the legislation for stringent fuel economy and emission regulations while the modern customers are demanding more engaging driving experience in terms of performance and refinement. To meet this Tata Motors has developed an advanced 1.2L 3-cylinder turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine. This next-generation powertrain delivers optimum efficiency, reduced emissions, superior performance with refined NVH characteristics. The key features used to enable these demanding requirements includes a 35 MPa fuel injection system, Miller Cycle operation and electrically actuated variable nozzel turbocharger (VNT). A uniquely designed BSVI complaint (WLTP ready) exhaust after-treatment system with Four-Way Conversion Catalyst (FWC+TM) ensures optimum emission control. A centrally mounted variable cam phaser minimizes pumping losses. The lightweight yet rigid all-aluminum engine structure, featuring an integrated structural oil sump, enhances durability and
Hosur, ViswanathaGhadge, Ganesh NarayanJoshi, ManojJadhav, AashishPanwar, Anupam
In the pursuit of environmental sustainability and cleaner transportation, the global automotive industry is expediting transformation. This paper utilized multi-decade data spanning from 1975 to 2024, for the development of predictive models for fuel economy and CO₂ emissions across a wide range of vehicle technologies from 2026 - 2050. This is done with the help of advanced machine learning algorithms like Linear and Random Forest Regression in Python and integrating insights through Power BI visualizations, the project identifies key correlations between vehicle attributes such as weight, powertrain, and footprint and their environmental performance. Results highlight the increasing impact of electric vehicle adoption, hybridization, and light weighting on overall emissions reduction. These insights help forecast the direction of fuel economy standards, emission patterns, and technology shifts across manufacturers and vehicle types. Beyond technical predictions, the study offers a
Hazra, SandipTangadpalliwar, SonaliHazra, Sanjana
In line with global peers (EU, Japan, etc.), the Automotive Industry Standard (AIS) Committee in India has decided to adopt “World harmonized Light vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP)” for M2 and N1 category vehicles not exceeding 3500 kg and for all M1 category vehicles. As a result, “World harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC)” is set to replace currently applicable “Modified Indian Drive Cycle (MIDC)” in the next couple of years. The draft Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) III & CAFE IV norms for CO2 emission limits, which are set to be implemented in year 2027 and 2032 respectively refer to a shift to WLTP from MIDC. The latest draft of Central Motor Vehicle Rules (CMVR) for BS-VI emissions is also being revised to use WLTC as test cycle. This migration to WLTC is in sync with the demand for test procedures to replicate real driving conditions more appropriately. Further, the move to WLTC along with stricter emission norms is a major step towards realizing India’s COP26
Pawar, BhushanEhrly, MarkusSandhu, RoubleEmran, AshrafBerry, Sushil
The CPCB-IV+ emission compliance for genset application is applicable with effect from 1st July 2023 as per as per GSR 804(E). The CPCB-II to CPCB-IV+ changeover in very stringent in emission front by almost 90 % emission reduction. It’s a significant advancement in environmentally sustainable powertrain technology. To meet the CPCB-IV+ Emission, combustion development & ATS technology plays an important role. First is the base engine need to optimize enough with combustion & associated parts. Second is the after treatment system which will carry the battle further to the engine emission with minimum margin of 10 % engineering target. This paper present the systematic approach followed to meet CPCB-IV+ emission norms for upgradation of 21 litre TCIC engine for the power range (56 < P ≤ 560). Here the challenge to avoid major changes in the existing CPCB-II FIE recipe & meet the CPCB-IV+ emission with ECU calibration & ATS system calibration with its potential. Here interesting parts
Rane, VikasJagtap, ShaileshGothekar, SanjeevPawar, Narendra VKhedkar, PrasadKagade, SamadhanKendre, MahadevG Bhat, PrasannaThipse, S
The purpose of this research is to examine the fundamental principles of a circular economy (CE) in relation to the automotive industry in India, which plays a vital role in the country's economy. As a result, energy consumption and environmental impacts also pose significant challenges. CE provide a transformative approach through the life cycle of a vehicle, guiding the automotive industry toward a more sustainable transportation system. In order to decarbonize this industry, the global automotive commission recommends that recycled plastic content in vehicles be increased to 20-25% by 2030. This target necessitates the recovery of plastics from end-of-life vehicles, though these materials are rarely integrated into compounds today. The automotive industry's reliance on plastics has grown substantially due to their lightweight properties, which enhance fuel efficiency, reduce CO₂ emissions, and improve versatility and mechanical performance. polypropylene polymer and several other
Kumar, Vijay Bhooshan
Modern automotive powertrains are increasingly adopting engine downsizing and down speeding to meet stringent emission regulations and improving fuel efficiency However, these changes result in higher torsional vibrations excitation amplitudes and NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) refinement more challenging. With growing customer expectations for premium driving experiences conventional clutch is no longer sufficient. To meet the NVH performance targets of the vehicle Dual Mass Flywheels (DMFs) are used In DMF due to lower stiffness and inertia separation there is a greater advantage on torsional filtration in normal drive and idle condition. But the torsional resonance frequency of the connected DMF is lower than the idle RPM. Engine startup is a key drawback with DMF equipped vehicles. The proper tuning of starter motor performance & DMF stiffness is required to cross the resonance zone faster otherwise it will lead to DMF to stay in the resonance zone for a longer time leading
Jayachandran, Suresh KumarVijayaragavan, ThirupathiM, DevamanalanKanagaraj, PothirajAhire, ManojVellandi, Vikraman
The globe is looking headlong to set up new benchmarks for the reduction of GHG (Green House Gases) considering short-term and long-term strategies. Efforts in the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) domain have been accelerating to find an alternative way to reduce harmful emissions. Hydrogen is considered as a promising fuel to leapfrog this transition. Hydrogen fuel can be categorized into vast mobility areas viz. ICE and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV). Hydrogen fuel has attracted global attention from engine researchers due to the crude oil crisis and its rise in prices in recent years. This will serve the nation's goal towards carbon neutrality. Hydrogen has a few advantages such as less fueling time, higher heating value and more efficiency making it an eye-touching fuel for the automotive industry. In the contemporary FCEV segment, many fuel cell technologies have evolved, wherein the development of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology has taken a new height for
Joshi, Ashish RajendraKandalgaonkar, SiddheshSontakke, Rushikesh
Rising environmental concerns and stringent emissions norms are pushing automakers to adopt more sustainable technologies. There is no single perfect solution for any market and there are solutions ranging from biofuels, green hydrogen to electric vehicles. For Indian market, especially in the passenger car segment, hybrid vehicles are favoured when it comes to manufacturers as well as with consumer because of multiple reasons such as reliability, performance, fuel efficiency and lower long-term cost of ownership. For automakers planning to upgrade their fleets in the context of upcoming CAFE III (91.7 g CO2 / km) & CAFE IV (70 g CO2/km) norms, hybridization emerges as the next natural step for passenger cars. Lately, various state governments have also promoted hybrid vehicle sales by offering certain targeted tax breaks which were previously reserved for EVs exclusively. Current study focuses on various parallel hybrid topologies for an Indian compact SUV, which is the highest
Warkhede, PawanKeizer, RubenSandhu, RoubleEmran, Ashraf
More efficient drivetrain technologies are in greater demand in the two-wheeler market as a result of the introduction of BS6.2 emission standards. In order to satisfy these performance and regulatory requirements, Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) systems, which are renowned for their stepless gear shifting and increased fuel efficiency, are being given more and more consideration. However, because CVT is nonlinear and multibody dynamic, accurately predicting its behavior is still a difficult task. With an emphasis on variables like belt slip, pulley misalignment, and transmission efficiency, this study provides a thorough multibody dynamic analysis of a belt-type CVT system used in two-wheelers. High-fidelity analysis of the belt-pulley interaction under various load and speed conditions is now possible thanks to the development of a novel modeling methodology The method makes early design validation easier, minimizes iterations of physical prototyping and helps to maximize
Shah, SwapnilMane, PrashantVoncken, AntoniusEmran, Ashraf
As the transportation industry pivots towards safer and more sustainable mobility solutions, the role of advanced surface technologies is becoming increasingly critical. This paper presents a novel application of electroluminescent (EL) coating systems in heavy-duty trucks, exploring their potential to enhance vehicular safety and reduce environmental impact through lightweight, energy-efficient lighting integration. Electroluminescent coatings, capable of emitting light uniformly across painted surfaces when electrically activated, offer a transformative alternative to conventional external lighting and reflective materials. In the context of heavy-duty trucks, these systems can significantly improve visibility under low-light and adverse weather conditions, thereby reducing the risk of road accidents. Furthermore, the uniform illumination achieved without bulky fixtures contributes to aerodynamic efficiency, supporting fuel economy and reducing carbon emissions. use of this coating
Harel, Samarth DattatrayaBorse, ManojL, Kavya
With introduction of Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency norms (hereafter referred as CAFÉ norms) in India, the manufacturers of all M1 Category vehicles (not exceeding 3,500kg GVW) must ensure that they comply with Annual Corporate average CO2 target as defined in regulation. Moreover, this target will become stricter at various stages in the coming years. Hence CO2 emissions are becoming one of the major focus parameters during vehicle development. There are several factors that can impact CO2 emissions during measurement in laboratory-based test cycles such as MIDC or WLTC. One such major factor is driving variations. Although speed and time tolerances are provided during the test (as part of AIS 137/AIS 175) to limit the variation, even within these tolerances, drive-related effects make significant contribution to test results variability. Monitoring and control of such variations is important to understand the true fuel economy potential of the vehicle. Drive Trace indices are
ER, ShivramRawat, VijaypalKhandelwal, VineetKumar, ArunMalhotra, Jitendra
Engine braking is a deceleration technique that leverages the internal friction and pumping losses within the engine. By closing the throttle and potentially selecting a lower gear, the engine creates a retarding force that slows the vehicle. This practice contributes to better fuel economy, decreased brake system load, and improved vehicle handling in specific driving scenarios, such as steep declines or slippery road surfaces. To alleviate stress on their primary braking systems and prevent overheating, heavy vehicles frequently incorporate engine-based braking. While older trucks relied on simple exhaust brakes with a butterfly valve to restrict exhaust flow, these had limited impact. Hence contemporary heavy vehicles almost exclusively use more advanced engine braking technologies. Traditionally, our heavy-duty vehicles use Exhaust brake system to elevate the braking performance on hilly terrains. Hence an improved sample of Engine brake was developed for enhanced braking
M, Vipin PrakashRajappan, Dinesh KumarR, SureshN, Gopi Kannan
Today, passenger car makers around the world are striving to meet the increasing demand for fuel economy, high performance, and silent engines. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations implemented in India to improve the fuel efficiency of a manufacturer's fleet of vehicles. CAFE goal is to reduce fuel consumption and, by extension, the emissions that contribute to climate change. CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) engines offer several advantages that help manufacturers meet and exceed these standards. The demand for CNG vehicles has surged exponentially in recent years, CNG engine better Fuel efficiency and advantage in CAFÉ norms make good case for OEM & Customer to use more CNG vehicle. CNG is dry fuel compared to gasoline. These dry fuels lack lubricating properties, unlike conventional fuels like petrol, diesel and biofuels, which are wet and liquid. Consequently, the operations and failures associated with these fuels differ. The materials and designs of engine parts, such as
Poonia, SanjayKumar, ChandanSharma, ShailenderKhan, PrasenjitBhat, AnoopP, PrasathNeb, Ashish
With the inevitable shift of automotive industry towards E-mobility and mandatory fuel efficiency targets, there is a need to evaluate the energy losses in the vehicle & identify potential areas of improvement. Energy losses are calculated for different components in the corner module system of a passenger car. Contribution of losses (resistances) from respective component are depicted using simple analytical models. Potential energy saving improvements were identified and analyzed basis emerging technologies in respective areas.
Raghatate, Kumar ShreyasVedartham, RaghavendraKhanger, RakeshBisht, Arun
This project introduced a brand-new tire size 245/90R16 for the first time globally in the 16-inch tube-type category, designed specifically for commercial vehicles with Vehicles 8.5T -12T gross vehicle weight (GVW). The main goal was to create a compact vehicle that can carry more payload, reduce overall weight, and improve fuel efficiency with use of rear single tyre instead of twin tyre in 8.5T. This helps customers lower their operating costs and improve vehicle performance, especially on narrow roads. The new tire supports high load capacities: up to 2300 kg for single tire use and 2180 kg for dual tire fitment. It enables a new type of vehicle to be developed an 8.5-ton GVW vehicle with rear single tires offering better payload capacity without increasing the size of the vehicle. By using this new tire, the kerb weight of the vehicle is reduced, which increases the payload and helps improve fuel economy. This helps lower the cost of the vehicle by optimizing surrounding
Pawar, Dhondiram DnyandeoShaikh, MatinAmbekar, Prasad
In order to control the engine performance which is driven by the strict emission regulations and customer request for the improved fuel economy, precise air intake measurement and fuel control system are essential. In the modern engines, the mass air flow sensor (MAF) acts an important role which provides a precise estimation of air flow from the clean side ducting of air intake system to engine control unit module (ECU). The hot wire mass air flow sensor are mounted on the clean side of the air intake system in order to protect the sensing element from the contamination and to extend their lifespan as well as maintain its accuracy. It is essential to maintain a steady and a uniform airflow at the sensing element of the MAF sensor for reliable sensor reading at different engine speeds and varying engine load. However, the physical limitations of engine packaging inside the engine bay, limits the sensor placement. Incorrect sensor mounting can lead to errors in the airflow estimation
Sonone, Sagar DineshZope, MaheshKale, VishalPadmawar, HarshadSridhar, SKolhe, Vivek MPanwar, Anupam
Turbochargers play a crucial role in modern engines by increasing power output and fuel efficiency through intake air compression, thereby improving volumetric efficiency by allowing more air mass into the combustion chamber. However, this process also raises the intake air temperature, which can reduce charge density, lead to detonation, and create emissions challenges—such as smoke limits in diesel engines and knock in gasoline spark-ignited (GSL) engines. To mitigate this, intercoolers are used to cool the compressed air. Due to packaging constraints, intercoolers are typically long and boxy, limiting their effectiveness, especially at low vehicle speeds where ram air flow is minimal. This study investigates the use of auxiliary fans to enhance intercooler performance. Two methodologies were adopted: 1D simulation using GT-Suite and experimental testing on a vehicle under different fan configurations—no fan, single fan, and dual fans (positioned near the intercooler inlet and outlet
Patra, SomnathHibare, NikhilGanesan, ThanigaivelGharte, Jignesh Rajendra
Hydrogen recirculation is a primary requirement for improving fuel efficiency and anode stability in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems, particularly in automotive applications. Effective hydrogen recirculation is critical for maintaining high efficiency and fuel utilization. A hydrogen recirculation ejector equipped with a regulated pressure inlet, which eliminating the need for mechanical pumps while maintaining optimal hydrogen utilization. The passive operation of the ejector eliminating the need for rotary components which significantly improves system reliability and reduces failure modes associated with moving parts. This work presents a numerical investigation of a hydrogen recirculation ejector featuring a regulated pressure inlet, with the objective of extending its operating range across varying fuel cell power levels. A combination of 1D system-level modelling and 2D multi-species Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations was employed to evaluate
Khot, Ranjit UttreshwarT P, MuhammadChougule, AbhijeetAchanur, Mallappa
Aluminum alloy wheels have become the preferred choice over steel wheels due to their lightweight nature, enhanced aesthetics, and contribution to improved fuel efficiency. Traditionally, these wheels are manufactured using methods such as Gravity Die Casting (GDC) [1] or Low Pressure Die Casting (LPDC) [2]. As vehicle dynamics engineers continue to increase tire sizes to optimize handling performance, the corresponding increase in wheel rim size and weight poses a challenge for maintaining low unsprung mass, which is critical for ride quality. To address this, weight reduction has become a priority. Flow forming [3,4], an advanced wheel rim production technique, which offers a solution for reducing rim weight. This process employs high-pressure rollers to shape a metal disc into a wheel, specifically deforming the rim section while leaving the spoke and hub regions unaffected. By decreasing rim thickness, flow forming not only enhances strength and durability but also reduces overall
Singh, Ram KrishnanMedaboyina, HarshaVardhanG K, BalajiGopalan, VijaysankarSundaram, RaghupathiPaua, Ketan
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) represent a significant trajectory in vehicular decarbonization, harnessing the inherently high energy density of diatomic hydrogen within electrochemical conversion systems. When sourced via renewable pathways, such hydrogen facilitates propulsion architectures characterized by zero tailpipe emissions, enhanced energy efficiency, and extended operational range profiles. Realizing peak systemic efficacy necessitates the synergistic orchestration of high-fidelity fuel cell stack design, resilient compressed gas storage modalities, and nuanced energy governance protocols. To reduce transient stressors and guarantee long-term electrochemical stability, employing multi-scale modeling and predictive simulation, combined with constraint-aware architectural synthesis, is crucial in handling stochastic driving conditions spectra. This study develops a high-fidelity mathematical plant model of a hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell
Mulik, Rakesh VilasraoE, PorpathamSenthilkumar, Arumugam
Maximizing vehicle energy efficiency and its performance is a high priority for automotive industries as customers’ expectations rise. Engineers constantly face the challenge of balancing the conflicting goals of achieving superior performance and maximizing energy efficiency, all while meeting increasingly tight development timelines. Leveraging digital methods can potentially enable considerable reduction in development timelines. Driving cycles function as standardized measurement procedures for certifying vehicle fuel efficiency and driving range. Representative velocity profiles condense numerous real-life driving cycles to enable quicker energy analysis and driver feedback evaluations. This paper introduces a novel methodology for generating synthetic drive cycles, such as average velocity cycles and ideal consumption velocity cycles, based on real-life driving scenarios. In this study, the importance of creating representative drive cycles to enhance vehicle performance and
Kanakannavar, RohitKelkar, KshitijSadalge, Anand
In automotive engineering, understanding driving behavior is crucial for decision on specifications of future system designs. This study introduces an innovative approach to modeling driving behavior using Graph Attention Networks (GATs). By leveraging spatial relationships encoded in H3 indices, a graph-based model constructed, which captures dependencies between various vehicle operational parameters and their operational regions using H3 indices. The model utilizes CAN signal features such as speed, fuel efficiency, engine temperature, and categorical identifiers of vehicle type and sub-type. Additionally, regional indices are incorporated to enrich the contextual information. The GAT model processes these heterogeneous features, learning to identify patterns indicative of driving behavior. This approach offers several significant advantages. Firstly, it enhances the accuracy of driving behavior modeling by effectively capturing the complex spatial and operational dependencies
Salunke, Omkar
Noise quality at idle condition is an important factor which influences customer comfort. Modern diesel engines with stringent emission norms together with fuel economy requirements pose challenges to noise control. Common rail engine technology has advantage of precise fuel delivery and combustion control which needs optimization to achieve the conflicting requirements of noise, emission and fuel efficiency. Engine noise at low idle condition is dominated by combustion noise which depends on rate of pressure rise inside the cylinder during combustion. The important parameters which influence cylinder pressure rise are fuel injection timing, pilot injection quantity and its separation, rail pressure and EGR valve position. The study on effect of these parameters at varying levels demand large no of experiments. Taguchi design of experiments is a statistical technique which can be used to optimize these parameters by significantly reducing no of experiments needed to achieve the desired
P, PriyadarshanChavan, AmitA, KannanswamyPatil, SandeepChaudhari, Vishal V
Overloading in vehicles, particularly trucks and city buses, poses a critical challenge in India, contributing to increased traffic accidents, economic losses, and infrastructural damage. This issue stems from excessive loads that compromise vehicle stability, reduce braking efficiency, accelerate tire wear, and heighten the risk of catastrophic failures. To address this, we propose an intelligent overloading control and warning system that integrates load-sensing technology with real-time corrective measures. The system employs precision load sensors (e.g., air below deflection monitoring via pressure sensors) to measure vehicle weight dynamically. When the load exceeds predefined thresholds, the system triggers a multi-stage response: 1 Visual/Audio Warning – Alerts the driver to take corrective action. 2 Braking Intervention – If ignored, the braking applied, immobilizing the vehicle until the load is reduced. Experimental validation involved ten iterative tests to map deflection-to
Raj, AmriteshPujari, SachinLondhe, MaheshShirke, SumeetShinde, Akshay
The present work demonstrates a transient Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) based numerical methodology for estimation of aerodynamic-induced flutter of the rear bumper of a Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV). Finite Volume Method (FVM) based High-fidelity transient full vehicle aerodynamic simulations were conducted for the estimation of the transient aerodynamic load. Subsequently, by mapping this transient aero load onto the surface of the rear bumper, Finite Element Method (FEM) based dynamic structural simulations were performed to predict its response. The results obtained through simulations were then compared against experimental wind tunnel test data of a prototype car with modified bumper for the specific test-case. The pressure and the time series data of rear bumper deflection were captured at multiple probe locations from wind tunnel experiments at 140 and 200 kmph. The distribution of pressure on the rear surfaces of the car was well captured by the aerodynamic simulation at
Choudhury, SatyajitYenugu, SrinivasaWalia, RajatZander, DanielGullapalli, AtchyutBalan, ArunAstik, Pritesh
In India, fuel economy is one of the most critical factors influencing a customer's decision to own a passenger car. Beyond consumer preference, fuel consumption also plays a significant role in the nation's energy security. In line with this, the government promotes fuel-efficient vehicles and technologies through various regulations, policies, and mandates. Vehicle manufacturers, in response, focus on designing vehicles that align with both customer expectations and regulatory requirements. Fuel economy certification is typically based on standardized laboratory tests that simulate controlled environmental conditions, driving cycle (MIDC), vehicle load, and operation of electrical and electronic systems. However, actual on-road driving conditions by end user vary significantly due to factors such as traffic conditions, ambient temperature, air conditioning use, driving behavior and variable loading of the vehicle. With implementation of Bharat Stage VI, Real Driving Emission (RDE
Singh, Abhay PratapBathina, Revanth KumarTijare, Shantanu
The Indian farmers choice of agriculture tractor brand is driven by the ease of operation and fuel efficiency. However, the customer preference for operator comfort is driving many tractor OEMs for improvement in noise and vibration at the operator location. Also, the compliance to CMVR regulation for noise at operator ear location and vibration at operator touch point location are mandatory for all the tractors in India. NVH refinement development of the tractor plays a critical role in achieving the regulated noise level and improved tactile vibration In presented work, the airborne sources such as exhaust tail pipe, intake snorkel and cooling fan are quantified by at tractor level through elimination method. The detailed engine level testing in engine noise test cell (hemi anechoic chamber) is carried out to estimate the contribution of engine components to overall noise. The outcome of Noise source identification (NSI) has revealed silencer, timing gear cover and oil sump to be
Gaikwad, Atul AnnasahebHarishchandra Walke, NageshYadav, Prasad SBankar, Harshal
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