Spray Characterization in a Constant Volume Chamber of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles-Diesel Blends

Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticle are considered a promising fuel additive to enhance combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve fuel economy. This study investigates the spray characteristics of diesel fuel blended with aluminum oxide nanoparticles in a constant volume chamber. The blends were prepared by dispersing Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in diesel at varying concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg of aluminum oxide nanoparticles into 1 L of pure diesel, respectively) using a magnetic stirrer and ultrasonication to ensure stable suspensions. Spray characterization was conducted in a high-pressure and high-temperature constant volume chamber, simulating actual engine conditions. The ambient temperatures for this experiment were set from 800 to 1200 K, and the oxygen concentrations were set from 21% to 13%. The study focused on key spray parameters such as spray penetration length, spray angle, and spray area, analyzed using high-speed imaging and laser diffraction techniques. Images of the spray evolution process for tested blends were also captured to reveal the effects of nanoparticles on spray characteristics. Results showed that the addition of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles altered the spray behavior, with changes in spray penetration length compared to pure diesel. Furthermore, the effects of varying nanoparticle concentrations on the spray characteristics were evaluated, revealing an optimal concentration that balances improved atomization without significantly increasing fuel viscosity. This research highlights the potential of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle-diesel blends as a promising alternative fuel for diesel engines, offering insights into their spray dynamics under controlled conditions. The findings provide a foundational understanding for further exploration of nanoparticle additives in fuel blends, aiming at optimizing engine performance and emissions.