Browse Topic: Sensors and actuators
This study introduces an innovative intelligent tire system capable of estimating the risk of total hydroplaning based on water pressure measurements within the tread grooves. Dynamic hydroplaning represents an important safety concern influenced by water depth, tread design, and vehicle longitudinal speed. Existing intelligent tire systems primarily assess hydroplaning risk using the water wedge effect, which occurs predominantly in deep water conditions. However, in shallow water, which is far more prevalent in real-world scenarios, the water wedge effect is absent at higher longitudinal speeds, which could make existing systems unable to reliably assess the total hydroplaning risk. Groove flow represents a key factor in hydroplaning dynamics, and it is governed by two mechanisms: water interception rate and water wedge pressure. In both the shallow water and deep water cases, the groove water flow will increase as a result of increasing the longitudinal speed of the vehicle for a
Regarding the development of automated driving, manufacturers, technology startups, and systems developers have taken some different approaches. Some are on the path toward stand-alone vehicles, mostly relying on onboard sensors and intelligence. On the other hand, the connected, cooperative, and automated mobility (CCAM) approach relies on additional communication and information exchange to ensure safe and secure operation. CCAM holds great potential to improve traffic management, road safety, equity, and convenience. In both approaches, there are increasingly large amounts of data generated and used functions in perception, situational awareness, path prediction, and decision-making. The use of artificial intelligence is instrumental in processing such data; and in that context, “edge AI” is a more recent type of implementation. Edge Artificial Intelligence in Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility explores perspectives on edge AI for CCAM, explores primary applications, and
A Northwestern University-led team of researchers has developed a new fuel cell that harvests energy from microbes living in dirt. About the size of a standard paperback book, the completely soil-powered technology could fuel underground sensors used in precision agriculture and green infrastructure. This potentially could offer a sustainable, renewable alternative to batteries, which hold toxic, flammable chemicals that leach into the ground, are fraught with conflict-filled supply chains and contribute to the ever-growing problem of electronic waste.
An invention that uses microchip technology in implantable devices and other wearable products such as smart watches can be used to improve biomedical devices including those used to monitor people with glaucoma and heart disease.
In late July to October 2022, residents of the Manu’a Islands in American Samoa felt the earth shake several times a day, raising concerns of an imminent volcanic eruption or tsunami.
A major challenge in self-powered wearable sensors for health care monitoring is distinguishing different signals when they occur at the same time. Researchers from Penn State and China’s Hebei University of Technology addressed this issue by uncovering a new property of a sensor material, enabling the team to develop a new type of flexible sensor that can accurately measure both temperature and physical strain simultaneously but separately to more precisely pinpoint various signals.
MEMS is a more complex technology than traditional semiconductors. They are 3D structures with moving parts, making them much more difficult to fabricate. If you’re designing a semiconductor, you may be able to take advantage of an existing process development kit (PDK), which your foundry can provide to you. There is no equivalent approach in MEMS. It’s a “one process, one product” paradigm that requires a high level of customization. That takes time, money, and resources.
This document defines a set of standard application layer interfaces called JAUS Manipulator Services. JAUS Services provide the means for software entities in an unmanned system or system of unmanned systems to communicate and coordinate their activities. The Manipulator Services represent platform-independent capabilities commonly found across domains and types of unmanned systems. At present, twenty-five (25) services are defined in this document. These services are categorized as: Low Level Manipulator Control Services – The one service in this category allows for low-level command of the manipulator joint actuation efforts. This is an open-loop command that could be used in a simple tele-operation scenario. The service in this category is listed as follows: Primitive Manipulator Service Manipulator Sensor Services – These services, when queried, return instantaneous sensor data. Three services are defined that return respectively joint positions, joint velocities, and joint
Optical sensors serve as the backbone of numerous scientific and technological endeavors, from detecting gravitational waves to imaging biological tissues for medical diagnostics. These sensors use light to detect changes in properties of the environment they’re monitoring, including chemical biomarkers and physical properties like temperature. A persistent challenge in optical sensing has been enhancing sensitivity to detect faint signals amid noise.
Researchers have combined miniaturized hardware and intelligent algorithms to create a cost-effective, compact powerful tool capable of solving real-world problems in areas like healthcare.
Just one year after signing a ground-breaking trilateral agreement, the Deep Space Advanced Radar Capability partnership is completing facilities construction at the first of three sites that will host a global network of advanced ground-based sensors.
Door sunshade in a vehicle has proven to be very comfortable and luxurious feature to the customers. Luxury vehicles provide power sunshade which is electrically operated with the activation of a switch, whereas cost conscious vehicles provide manual sunshade which requires manual coiling and uncoiling. This study is to develop a door panel structure that can accommodate both the manual sunshade and power sunshade, thereby serving both cost conscious as well as luxury seeking customers. Manual sunshade consists only of cassette, pull bar, spindle mechanism and hooks whereas the power sunshade consists of cassette, pull bar, spindle mechanism, flap mechanism, bowden cable mechanism, actuator and motor. Due to this difference in package, it becomes difficult to accommodate both variants of sunshade into the same body system. However, this study helps in developing a common body structure by ways of effective packaging, modifying the cable and actuator mechanism and critical packaging of
Advancements in sensor technologies have led to increased interest in detecting and diagnosing “driver states”—collections of internal driver factors generally associated with negative driving performance, such as alcohol intoxication, cognitive load, stress, and fatigue. This is accomplished using imperfect behavioral and physiological indicators that are associated with those states. An example is the use of elevated heart rate variability, detected by a steering wheel sensor, as an indicator of frustration. Advances in sensor technologies, coupled with improvements in machine learning, have led to an increase in this research. However, a limitation is that it often excludes naturalistic driving environments, which may have conditions that affect detection. For example, reductions in visual scanning are often associated with cognitive load [1]; however, these reductions can also be related to novice driver inexperience [2] and alcohol intoxication [3]. Through our analysis of the
Automotive seating systems have become increasingly sophisticated, providing consumers with more flexible configurations and comfort functionalities. Traditional power seating, which relied on a few motors to adjust the seat position, has evolved into more technically advanced reconfigurable systems equipped with additional feedback sensors and actuators. These advancements include features such as Easy Entry, Zero Gravity, Stadium Swivel, IP Nesting, Auto Lumbar/Bolster Adjustment and Power Long Rails. All the features indicate that the overall control of seating systems now resembles robotic arm control or multi-body control, involving numerous coordinated movements. In this paper, we propose a novel control strategy for the coordinated speed control of multiple motors. Unlike traditional seating controls, which typically use direct switches or open-loop systems, we introduce a feedback approach that incorporates Kalman-filter-based speed estimation using raw signals directly from
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